| decline in water potential greatest in heated plots predawn |
indicates |
strong link between stomatal responses and water availability |
|
| stomatal closure |
prevents |
large excursions in leaf water potential |
|
| projected increases in atmospheric water demand |
are projected to overwhelm |
buffering effects of CO2 |
tropical forest plants |
| estimations of gas exchange under high (AATP1, ASD, AT5G40010) |
may exhibit |
patchiness or unsaturation |
|
| site with highest vapour pressure deficit (VPD) |
is expected to have |
lower canopy conductance |
|
| weather correlations |
are simply a result of |
water limitation that is alleviated by large precipitation events |
longleaf pine |
| higher CO2 levels |
is hypothesized to ameliorate |
risk of hydraulic failure |
|
| combined inactivation of ABA-INSENSITIVE1 (ABI1, AtABI1, AT4G26080) and HYPERSENSITIVE TO (ABA1, ATABA1, ATZEP, IBS3, LOS6, NPQ2, ZEP, AT5G67030) (AtHAB1, HAB1, AT1G72770) |
reduces |
water consumption |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| evaporative fraction (EF) |
indicates |
evapotranspiration (ET) stress |
|
| development of PG crops |
could improve |
plant water use efficiency |
|
| optimal hydraulic strategies in AM plants |
maintain |
advantage in variable moisture environments |
|
| fET |
declines gradually at |
higher CWD values |
|
| atmospheric dryness and soil dryness coupling |
contributes to complexity in understanding |
vegetation sensitivity to dryness |
|
| vegetation adaptations to water stress |
show widespread heterogeneity in |
vegetation populations |
|
| species at BCI that cannot modulate their leaf water potentials |
will be more vulnerable to |
hydraulic failure |
tropical forest plants at Barro Colorado Island |
| current study approach |
only consider risk based on |
mechanistic loss of conductance in xylem |
|
| stomatal closure |
prevents |
large excursions in transpiration rate |
|
| modification of physiological and biochemical traits in crops by 6-hydroxynicotinic acid |
enhances |
water acquisition |
|
| maintenance of stomatal aperture in EcM angiosperms |
may cause |
severe decrease in water potential of EcM angiosperms |
|
| Total tree leaf area |
affects |
hydraulic stress |
|
| unsaturation |
improves |
water use efficiency |
|
| stomatal closure |
reduces risk of |
hydraulic failure |
|
| soil moisture |
affects |
stomatal parameters |
|
| Wong et al. (2022) method of estimating unsaturation |
involves |
canceling out the assimilation rate on one surface of the leaf and assuming constant R ias and that photosynthetic capacity is not affected by VPD increase |
|
| Wong et al. (2022) method of estimating unsaturation |
uses iteration to find |
a w i that satisfies the expected adaxial-abaxial c i difference at different (AATP1, ASD, AT5G40010) |
|
| (AtMYB55, MYB55, AT4G01680) abundance as water availability diminishes |
is |
reduced |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Syntrichia ruralis |
| vapour pressure deficit (VPD) |
is likely to have direct impact on |
canopy water potentials |
|
| (FAR1, AT5G22500) mutant |
lose water faster than |
wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| K leaf in Taxus baccata |
does not decline until |
leaf water potentials more negative than typical midday values |
Taxus baccata |
| parental line B100 |
growth is less responsive to |
water limitation |
Setaria |
| lower than expected A in Helianthus annuus |
is consistent with |
a leaf experiencing patchiness |
Helianthus annuus |
| fET |
levels-off and slowly approaches but never reaches |
fET = 0 |
|
| increasing vapor pressure deficit |
is associated with |
increasing hydraulic failure |
tropical forest plants |
| carbon penalties or costs |
relate to |
soil drying or hydraulic failure |
|
| long-term cumulative effect of root loss |
causes |
hydraulic stress |
|
| vegetation acclimations to water stress |
show widespread heterogeneity in |
vegetation populations |
|
| water deficit |
affects |
leaf elongation rate (LER) |
|
| specific anatomy of late adventitious roots (LAR) |
may limit water loss and delay desiccation following |
de-submergence |
Oryza sativa |
| demand-side increases in VPD |
do not elicit |
unsaturation detectable by this probe |
|
| R.M. + C.V. at BC |
greatly increases |
iWUE since 2015 |
|
| capacity for higher water use efficiency |
is only triggered at |
high VPD |
|
| temperature sensitivity of vapor phase transport |
may help mitigate |
solar load-driven demand shocks |
|
| declines in K leaf between −2 and −3 MPa |
are reversible and accompanied by |
collapse of transfusion tracheids |
Taxus baccata |
| vapour pressure deficit (VPD) |
results from feedbacks between |
stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, and transpiration |
|
| transpiration rates |
were reduced or stable due to |
more negative leaf water potentials and increased duration of stomatal closure |
tropical forest plants |
| fET values |
drop off abruptly with increasing CWD at |
low fET sites |
|
| high water and carbohydrate storage |
can delay |
water potential declines during protracted droughts |
|
| vapour pressure deficit (VPD) |
determines magnitude and sensitivity of |
canopy water potentials to changing atmospheric conditions |
|
| closure of stomata |
slows down |
transpiration |
|
| arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants |
have higher |
relative water contents (RWCs) in leaves |
Medicago truncatula |
| R.M. + C.V. at GWI and MS |
result in increase of |
iWUE since 2010 |
|
| well-watered plants |
do not elicit |
unsaturation detectable by this probe |
|
| soil water potential decreases due to change in osmotic potential |
causes |
hydraulic stress |
|
| certain species |
can modulate |
hydraulic dynamics |
tropical forest plants |
| late adventitious roots (LAR) |
have reduced water loss during de-submergence compared with |
early adventitious roots (EAR) |
Oryza sativa |
| site with highest vapour pressure deficit (VPD) |
is expected to have |
lower canopy water potentials |
|
| fET |
is almost always near one at |
high fET sites |
|
| severe drought stress (30% FWC) |
decreases |
relative water content |
Medicago truncatula |
| fET GLDAS |
reduces more quickly with increasing CWD than |
fET |
|
| stomata in vascular plants |
have important role in |
preventing excessive water loss |
|
| maize |
exhibits |
more pronounced responses to dehydration |
maize; sorghum |
| modified rehydration technique |
allows separation of |
declines in K leaf into reversible and irreversible components |
Taxus baccata |
| collapse of transfusion tracheids in Taxus baccata |
would be expected to have |
less of a buffering effect |
Taxus baccata |
| 62 small RNA libraries from control plants and those subjected to different environmental stress treatments |
found |
76 new microRNAs (miRNAs) responsive to water stress |
Oryza sativa |
| increases in gsn |
have been linked to |
possible decreases in soil water availability |
|
| (AtMYB55, MYB55, AT4G01680) abundance under normal water conditions |
is |
high |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Syntrichia ruralis |
| reduced leaf water potential |
is typically linked with reduced |
photosynthetic parameters and leaf gas exchange rates |
Betula pendula |
| excessive tree height |
increases risk of |
drought-induced embolism |
|
| bundle sheath conductance (gBS) |
has |
most negative elasticity to dehydration (ηΨ) |
maize; sorghum |
| turgor pressure |
was equally reduced in |
well-watered and water deficit-stressed conditions |
|
| transfusion tracheid area |
starts to decrease at |
leaf water potential of −1.9 MPa |
Taxus baccata |
| forest at CB |
experiences greater levels of |
canopy water stress |
|
| fET |
reaches |
fET of c. 0.5 at CWD of 250 mm |
|
| slower stomatal closure and opening |
might be disadvantageous in |
arid environments that demand efficient water management |
|
| bundle sheath conductance (gBS) response to dehydration |
is not disproportionately influenced by |
responses observed under severe dehydration |
maize; sorghum |
| higher sensitivity in hydraulic traits to water availability |
indicates |
AM plants adopt optimal hydraulic strategies to cope with varying water conditions |
|
| leaf with high perivascular fraction pushed into state where condensation occurs at transpiring epidermis |
could compromise |
protection of vasculature from excessive tensions |
|
| Beyma leaves |
dried out very quickly when detached |
water loss |
|
| irreversible declines in K leaf |
did not occur until |
leaf water potentials more negative than −3 MPa |
Taxus baccata |
| cavitation of xylem tracheids |
did not contribute to |
declines in K leaf in the reversible range |
Taxus baccata |
| cavitation of transfusion tracheids |
did not contribute to |
declines in K leaf in the reversible range |
Taxus baccata |
| cryo-fluorescence microscopy (CFM) |
used to quantify |
dehydration-induced structural changes in transfusion tracheids |
Taxus baccata |
| higher whole-plant transpirational loss |
would be detrimental under |
water-limiting conditions |
Zea mays |
| leaves that must function over wide range of soil water potentials |
may be more advantageous to invest in |
stiff epidermal tissues capable of sustaining water potentials necessary to extract water from drying soils |
|
| Setaria RIL population |
grown at |
two soil water content levels |
Setaria |
| influence of water availability on these traits |
apparent from |
grouping of clusters |
Setaria |
| (LEA, AT2G21490) (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) genes |
are |
those most highly induced in response to water stress or ABA treatment |
|
| stems of conifer species |
generally have higher resistance to cavitation than |
stems of angiosperms |
|
| xylem tracheids |
show no deformation as |
leaf water potential decreases |
Taxus baccata |
| abscisic acid (ABA) |
plays an essential role in |
response to water stress |
|
| reversible deformation of transfusion tracheids |
is closely associated with |
decline in K leaf |
Taxus baccata |
| utilization of entire leaves |
limits |
leaf desiccation |
|
| generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) |
is |
critical, simultaneous event in water stress |
|
| loss and subsequent influx of water that surrounds biomolecules |
is |
critical, simultaneous event in water stress |
|
| concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) |
increases in |
plants subjected to water deficit |
|
| reversible part of dehydration-induced K leaf decline |
is not related to |
xylem cavitation |
Taxus baccata |
| leaf hydraulic conductance (K leaf) |
declines with |
dehydration |
|
| Zea mays |
is not optimized for |
water-use efficiency under well-watered conditions |
Zea mays |
| Beyma mutant |
maintained |
wilty phenotype even when well watered |
Lotus japonicus |
| plant behavior during transitions of water status |
may be a major determinant for |
genetic variability of growth response to water deficit |
|
| mechanisms other than hydraulics |
participate in |
changes in leaf elongation rate (LER) with water deficit |
|
| PHENOPSIS phenotyping platform |
provides |
stable and moderate water deficits |
|
| adaptive behavior in plant water management |
can be explained in terms of |
stomatal physiology |
gymnosperm species |
| transient analysis |
may be necessary to understand behavior at |
wilting point |
|
| reversible declines in K leaf |
occur upon relaxation of water potential to |
−1 MPa |
Taxus baccata |
| spatially restricted effects of pathogen and insect attack on photosynthesis |
result from changes in |
hydraulic conductance and water stress |
|
| plants |
are constantly facing |
rapid changes in evaporative demand and soil water content |
Zea mays |
| Beyma |
displays |
wilty phenotype |
|
| plant hydraulic conductivity upon soil rehydration |
tends to decrease rather than increase during |
water deficit |
|
| transfusion tracheids |
show nearly complete collapse at |
leaf water potential of −3.4 MPa |
Taxus baccata |
| oddities in Gossypium hirsutum and Helianthus annuus measurements |
are likely caused by |
unsaturation or patchiness |
Gossypium hirsutum; Helianthus annuus |
| leaf hydraulic conductance (K leaf) |
declines with |
increasing water stress |
|
| vulnerability of transfusion tracheids to dehydration-induced deformation |
shows close convergence with |
leaf vulnerability to loss of leaf hydraulic conductance (K leaf) detected with conventional rehydration technique |
Taxus baccata |
| shrinkage of transfusion tissue |
must result in |
water release |
|
| (ELO4, HOS3-1, AT4G36830) mutant |
exhibits reduced |
water loss from leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| severe water deprivation |
reduces |
seed yield |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proteins that increased in abundance in response to severe water deprivation (4WS) |
were enriched for |
catabolic and biosynthetic processes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| water deficit |
causes decrease in |
enzyme activities |
Zea mays |
| allele class relationship between δ13C leaf and WUE plant |
held in |
water-limited treatment |
Setaria |
| xylem-fed chitin |
led to |
stomatal closure |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| relative water content of detached leaves (RWCd) |
did not differ between |
transgenic and wild-type plants |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| relationship of δ13C leaf and WUE plant |
is also seen in |
water-limited treatment across allele classes |
Setaria |
| photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate |
decreased slowly but steadily, reaching about zero on |
17 DAW |
|
| autonomous oscillations in whole plant transpiration rate |
develop under |
continuous increase in water stress |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| PRLT 2/89-33 |
has lower transpiration rate than H 77/833-2 even at VPD |
less than 2 kPa |
|
| Crop Water Stress Index derived from thermal images |
correlates more weakly with |
soil moisture content |
|
| stomatal closure |
reduces |
transpirational water loss |
|
| inability of hydraulic equipment of plant to limit water loss |
results in |
catastrophic or 'runaway' xylem cavitation |
|
| water deprivation stress |
is more acute and challenging to overcome than |
water limitation stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VIN activity |
becomes undetectable during |
water deficit |
Zea mays |
| starch content |
decreased particularly in |
ovaries |
Zea mays |
| water-limited treatment |
has genotype by treatment effect on |
dry biomass |
|
| WUE plant |
is higher in |
water-limited treatment |
|
| water deprivation stress |
maintains |
leaf RWC at control levels only for a week |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| K+ efflux across guard cell membrane |
leads to |
stomatal closure |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| severe water limitation treatment (10% PC) |
reduces |
leaf RWC to ~50% |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| water deficit |
causes decrease in |
glucose concentration |
Zea mays |
| detached leaves of Col-0 |
are compared for |
water loss capacity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| vulnerability curve with samples relaxed to approximately −1 MPa |
reflects |
vulnerability of leaf and/or stem axial xylem to cavitation |
Taxus baccata |
| dehydration-induced deformation of transfusion tracheids |
has been found in |
leaves of Pinus strobus and Pinus nigra |
Pinus strobus; Pinus nigra |
| increased transpiration rates |
causes |
uncontrolled water loss |
|
| dampened response in δ13C leaf due to severely restricted g s |
reduced |
genotypic response |
Setaria |
| leaf xylem pressure potential decrease |
occurs at |
later stage of water stress |
Zea mays |
| daily pattern of transpiration rate |
closely follows |
daily pattern of VPD |
|
| glucose content |
decreased particularly in |
ovaries |
Zea mays |
| plants responding to water stress |
bulliform cells eliminate water and induce |
adaxial leaf curling |
|
| severe water limitation |
does not alter |
free amino acid (FAA) composition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| major alterations in free amino acid (FAA) composition and proteome composition |
indicate |
proteomic reprogramming |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| relative water content (RWC) of fully expanded leaves |
decreased after |
1 day of drought |
Pisum sativum |
| water relations |
is assessed by measuring |
transpiration |
Agrostis stolonifera |
| DIHYDROASCORBATE REDUCTASE (DHAR, AT1G19550) reduced expression |
exhibit increased |
water stress resistance |
|
| plants |
were subjected to |
stable, long-term, mild water deficits |
Helianthus annuus |
| positive correlation between g s and spike biomass (SB) |
resulted in expected |
correlation between SB and Δ 18 O s |
|
| water deprivation responses |
resemble |
desiccation and drought responses previously recorded in low rainfall conditions |
Picea abies |
| (ATCPK23, CPK23, GCA2, AT4G04740) mutant line (SALK_007958) |
renders plants more resistant to |
water loss in a detached leaf assay |
|
| precise mechanisms underlying isohydric or anisohydric behaviour |
are |
unknown |
|
| ASCORBATE OXIDASE (AO) overexpression |
reduces |
leaf water loss rates |
|
| Regression A |
was extended to |
minimum soil water potential of –0.5 MPa |
|
| opening/closing of the stomatal pore |
limits |
water loss through evapo-transpiration |
|
| PbDHN3 (accession number 103937812) gene |
transcript levels are upregulated in |
peel of russet and semi-russet pears |
Pyrus × bretschneideri |
| relative water content (RWC) of fully expanded leaves |
decreased by |
7.13% |
Pisum sativum |
| strong withered phenotype in mtgork mutant leaves |
develops within |
less than 60 minutes of leaf excision |
Medicago truncatula |
| inability to detect significant QTL for δ13C leaf under water-limited conditions |
is likely due to |
dampened response in δ13C leaf due to severely restricted g s |
Setaria |
| glutathione S-transferase |
is |
specific protein increased in response to severe water deprivation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autonomous self-regulated oscillations in WPT rate |
were interpreted as |
changes in leaf conductance triggered by hydraulic signals |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| abscisic acid (ABA) opposite action on root and stomata |
contributes to |
avoiding water stress in plants |
|
| leaf temperature (Tleaf) |
was closely followed by |
vapour pressure deficit of the air (VPD) |
Quercus suber |
| assessment of the reductions in stomatal conductance (gs) |
is useful for |
monitoring leaf or canopy temperature |
Quercus suber |
| excess water application |
mimics |
heavy rainfall |
Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai |
| PLDα1-overexpressing tobacco |
decreased |
transpirational water loss |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| increased PLDα1 in tobacco |
results in faster |
stomatal closure |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| Woody plants native to mesic habitats |
tend to be more vulnerable to |
drought-induced cavitation |
|
| K+-starved plants |
show reduced |
stomatal conductance reduction |
Helianthus annuus |
| removing 20% of ambient rainfall |
had a limited impact |
|
Quercus suber |
| differential water extraction profile during cropping cycle |
could have resulted in |
water-stress symptoms based on transpiration differences |
|
| Helianthus deserticola (off-dune species) |
is hypothesized to be less vulnerable to |
drought-induced xylem cavitation |
Helianthus deserticola |
| 863B-P2 |
shows breakpoint in slope of transpiration response to VPD at |
1.75 kPa |
|
| leaf temperature (Tleaf) |
was affected more by |
air temperature (Tair) than any other environmental variable |
Quercus suber |
| water stress intensity |
increases |
relative oscillations in WPT rate |
|
| water index (WI) |
had weaker associations at |
moderate water stress (RWC <85% and leaf water potential –1.55 MPa) |
Gerbera; Capsicum annuum |
| reduction in slope of transpiration response to VPD above breakpoint |
is in the order of |
50–65% |
|
| combining data from August 2004 and August 2005 |
showed no evidence of |
any impact of the 20% reduction in rainfall |
Quercus suber |
| thermal imaging |
was used successfully to detect |
the impact of reduced water availability |
Quercus suber |
| Regression A |
better predicted |
root xylem ABA concentration |
Solanum tuberosum |
| increased production of trehalose by trehalose-phosphate phosphatase |
protects |
berry during late withering stages |
Vitis vinifera |
| cotton leaves with lower g s at given relative humidity |
exhibited |
lower E and higher leaf temperature and higher 18 O enrichment |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| response to water deprivation |
was the most central node in |
GO network of gene cluster with enhanced expression in winter |
Picea abies |
| evaporative demand |
increases |
relative oscillations in WPT rate |
|
| transpiration rate |
decreased with |
water stress |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| leaf water potential (LWP) of Almaz at 23 DAW |
decreased to |
–5.0 MPa |
|
| cyp707a3-1 mutant |
showed |
reduced transpiration rate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| significant effect of treatment on stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf temperature (Tleaf) and IG |
was found in |
August 2004 |
Quercus suber |
| defects in ABA biosynthesis |
lead to |
adverse water relations |
|
| gm estimates for leaves subjected to water stress |
~5% deemed |
unreliable |
|
| gsw |
responded rapidly to |
early signs of water stress |
|
| stomata, sensing early signs of water stress through small changes in Ψleaf |
could have started to close while |
more negative Ψleaf values (i.e. more severe stress) may have been needed to initiate a response in mesophyll cells or chloroplasts |
|
| reduced stomatal conductance triggered by CAS-involved stomatal movement under decreasing soil water content (SWC) |
prevents |
risk of more water depletion and plant death |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NR-dependent NO accumulation by ABA |
leads to |
reduction of water content |
Medicago truncatula |
| Syrah |
showed |
severe down-regulation of transpiration under water deficit |
|
| HyA sorghum hybrid |
shows smaller increase in LMA in response to |
water limitation |
Sorghum bicolor |
| PRD distribution (HPRD versus VPRD) |
showed no effect on |
root water potential (ψ root) |
|
| alternating wet and dry parts of rootzone |
did not enhance |
leaf xylem ABA concentration |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| canopy temperature (CT) measurement |
is relative measure of |
water flow associated with water extraction from soil under water deficit |
|
| aridity |
does not always predict |
cavitation resistance in woody shrubs |
|
| August 2005 |
had significantly lower predawn leaf water potential (Ψl) and maximum fluorescence in the dark-adapted state (FV/FM) than |
August 2004 |
Quercus suber |
| temperature of entire canopies or large areas of canopies |
is likely to be more sensitive than |
the temperature of individual leaves to differences in plant water status |
Quercus suber |
| Arabidopsis (ATHB-7, ATHB7, HB-7, AT2G46680) |
functions as a regulator of |
cell elongation, expansion, and differentiation during water stress responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic adjustment (OA) |
is significantly higher in SAG12-ipt plants than wild-type in |
both immature and mature leaves in most PEG treatments |
Agrostis stolonifera |
| ABA and sulphate |
had interactive effect in decreasing |
maize transpiration rate |
Zea mays |
| oscillations in WPT rate |
are a means used by plant to |
control xylem tension while preventing critical tension threshold that impels embolism |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| reduced precipitation treatment (80% of natural precipitation) |
sporadically reduces |
leaf water potential |
Quercus suber L. |
| transpiration rate (E) |
differs between plant lines at |
–0.7 and –1.0 MPa but not in control or other PEG treatment levels |
Agrostis stolonifera |
| root ipt expression |
revealed a gradual increase in transcript abundance with |
severity of PEG-induced water stress |
creeping bentgrass |
| leaf water potential |
is linked to |
xylem embolism |
|
| drought stress |
causes |
leaf water potential decline |
Quercus suber L. |
| leaf water potential (Ψl) values of −3 MPa and below |
have been reported as causing |
xylem embolism |
|
| Crop Water Stress Index derived from thermal images |
correlates strongly with |
stomatal resistance and stem water potential |
|
| partial rootzone drying (PRD) |
improves |
crop water use efficiency |
|
| spectral reflectance indices |
have been reported in |
different crops, conifers, shrubs, and other plant species under water stressed conditions |
|
| relative amplitude of autonomous oscillations in whole plant transpiration rate |
increased with |
water stress |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| increase in soil resistance to flow |
causes |
decrease in transpiration rate |
|
| cavitation fatigue phenomenon |
has been demonstrated in |
Helianthus |
Helianthus |
| H 77/833-2 |
shows largest transpiration rate differences from PRLT 2/89-33 between |
12.15 h and 14.15 h |
|
| PRLT 2/89-33 and 863B-P2 |
show significantly decreased slope of transpiration response to VPD past their respective VPD breakpoints |
slowdown in transpiration response to VPD |
|
| Encelia farinosa stomata |
did not close |
stomatal closure |
Encelia farinosa |
| water index (WI) |
showed good association with |
relative water content (RWC) and leaf water potential |
Gerbera; Capsicum annuum |
| sulphate transporter gene |
had increased expression from early to later stages of |
water stress |
Zea mays |
| stomatal conductance |
is linked to |
xylem embolism |
|
| cavitation |
was expected to differ in |
watered versus unwatered treatments |
Helianthus anomalus; Helianthus deserticola |
| foliar δ13C of plants |
is negatively correlated with |
water availability (soil moisture and annual precipitation) |
|
| no differences in leaf water potential (Ψl) |
were found until |
June 2005 |
Quercus suber |
| thermal imaging in the particular environment studied here |
gave less clear results than |
leaf water potential (ψl) |
Quercus suber |
| leaf temperature (Tleaf) affected more by the angle of the leaf towards the sun than by stomatal conductance (gs) |
is especially true as |
stomata close |
Quercus suber |
| Cytokinin (CK) regulation of plant tolerance to water stress |
is less well-documented than |
water stress regulation by abscisic acid (ABA) |
|
| regulation of xylem pressure by stomatal closure |
may play role in limiting |
loss of hydraulic conductivity in the plant |
|
| stomatal closure |
maintains plant water status above |
threshold value of Ψ |
|
| soil moisture heterogeneity |
influences |
relationship between leaf xylem ABA concentration and leaf water potential |
|
| lower Δ 13 C values in spikes compared with shoot or flag leaf |
may reflect |
increase in evaporative demand during final stages of crop growth |
|
| At LOW N |
no relationship was found between |
two isotopes |
|
| 6th- and 7th-order roots at 18.00 h |
had estimated water potentials close to |
–0.5 MPa |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
| root order |
is inversely related to |
root water potential in dry soil |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
| higher native embolism in Helianthus anomalus |
causes |
Helianthus anomalus to operate at lower Ψ |
Helianthus anomalus |
| pre-dawn leaf water potential (Ψ PD) |
decreases with |
soil water content (SWC) |
Daucus ibicensis; Limonium minoricensis; Beta maritima ssp. marcosii; Beta maritima ssp. maritima; Limonium magallufianum; Limonium gibertii; Helianthemum balearicum; Pistacia lentiscus; Pistacia italica; Cistus albidus; Limonium maritima |
| leaf water potential |
remains above |
critical threshold required to prevent xylem cavitation and hydraulic rupture |
|
| effective closure of stomata in response to water stress |
allows |
leaf rachis xylem pressure to be maintained above –1.4 MPa |
|
| environment type 1 (ET1) |
is characterized by |
no water limitation or short-term water deficit |
Triticum aestivum |
| slope of sap flow decrease from drying roots |
is independent of |
soil water potential (Ψ soil) of the wet pot |
Helianthus annuus |
| abscisic acid (ABA) transported to shoots |
limits |
plant water use |
|
| effects of leaf xylem ABA concentration |
can be determined directly by |
monitoring plant water use via porometry, infra-red thermography or sap flow |
|
| δ 18 O |
was only trait among stable isotope and gas exchange traits that did not show |
interaction between growing conditions |
|
| equilibrium point reached before sunrise |
was still approximately |
–1.2 MPa |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
| roots in dry soil |
would not be predicted to reach values greater than |
–0.5 MPa |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
| phloem sap carbon content |
is strongly coupled to |
measures of water availability |
|
| large increases in sugar content |
support |
previous findings of increased carbon content of phloem sap obtained from E. globulus trees during dry periods |
Eucalyptus globulus |
| red-leafed species |
show no significant difference in daily water potential change compared to |
green-leafed species |
|
| soil water content (SWC) in WS treatment |
decreased to |
24% FC by 7 DAW |
|
| soil water content (SWC) in WS treatment in Experiment 2 |
decreased to |
27% FC by 13 DAW |
|
| silks |
have limited or no capacity for |
osmotic adjustment |
Zea mays |
| osmotic adjustment (OA) |
increases with increasing levels of |
PEG-induced water stress |
Agrostis stolonifera |
| walnut |
shows high restriction in g s (∼90% stomatal closure) preceding |
onset of xylem cavitation |
|
| leaf rachis xylem pressure above –1.4 MPa and leaf water potential above –1.6 MPa |
represent |
thresholds of water status in the walnut |
|
| dehydration |
is likely to be |
major stress factor affecting grape berries after harvest |
Vitis vinifera |
| leaves competing for available water |
resulted in negative effect on |
gas exchange parameters |
|
| Williams soybean cultivar |
has 2–3-fold greater ureide concentration during severe water-deficit stress relative to |
well-watered conditions |
Glycine max |
| Cortaderia selloana xylem sap pH |
remained at 5.8 in every single plant in all treatments |
Cortaderia selloana |
Cortaderia selloana |
| relative water content (RWC) of fully expanded leaves |
decreased after |
7 days of drought |
Pisum sativum |
| drought-sensitive NIL-QTL ICMR 02042 |
shows transpiration rate pattern closer to that of |
H 77/833-2 |
|
| PRLT 2/89-33 |
shows breakpoint in slope of transpiration response to VPD at |
1.91 kPa |
|
| BOA and CA |
lowered |
relative water contents in leaves |
|
| decreases in relative water content of leaves |
initially induce |
stomatal closure |
|
| elevated Cytokinin (CK) in creeping bentgrass |
may alter |
processes related to water stress tolerance |
Agrostis stolonifera |
| Rubisco initial activity |
correlated, at P < 0.05, with |
relative water content (RWC) for three species |
Daucus ibicensis; Limonium minoricensis; Beta maritima ssp. marcosii; Beta maritima ssp. maritima; Limonium magallufianum; Limonium gibertii; Helianthemum balearicum; Pistacia lentiscus; Pistacia italica; Cistus albidus; Limonium maritima |
| physiological effects of ipt expression in roots |
is examined in |
creeping bentgrass exposed to water stress |
Agrostis stolonifera |
| fewer differences |
occurred for immature leaves between |
transgenic and wild-type (WT) plants |
creeping bentgrass |
| root response to drying soils |
has little information concerning |
understanding of hydraulic continuum |
|
| stomatal response |
provides major benefit of |
protection of upstream xylem |
|
| plants |
have been classified as |
isohydric or anisohydric based on different behaviour of leaf water potential |
|
| sap flow from roots in drying soil |
decreases with |
soil drying |
|
| linear positive relationship between δ 13 C and δ 18 O cellulose |
was reported in |
trees grown under different soil moisture conditions |
|
| carbon pools, amino acid and nutrient concentrations in the leaf |
are |
poor predictors of water stress |
Eucalyptus globulus |
| a delay in the decline of A |
thereby favouring |
a higher water use efficiency (WUE) during the early stages of drought |
Populus trichocarpa |
| both clones |
modulated |
gsw to maintain Ψstem at levels preventing conductivity to drop below ~25% |
Populus trichocarpa |
| low δ13C values of Phaseolus vulgaris plants |
indicates |
no water stress in plants |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| male and female plants |
maintained |
relative water content (RWC) values above 75% |
|
| anisohydric species |
cannot prevent decrease in |
daytime leaf water potential |
|
| QTLs for Ψ M under water deficit on LG1, LG10, and LG18 |
are indicative of |
(an)isohydric behaviour |
|
| Col-0 dry weight |
is significantly higher than |
(AtGRF9, GRF9, AT2G45480) dry weight |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| differences in Ψ root |
are higher under |
lateral gradients |
|
| 10% decrease in relative water content |
was correlated with |
decline in leaf water potential |
Lactuca sativa |
| low water content in root vicinity during morning hours |
results in |
low relative oscillations |
|
| NILs ICMR 01029 and ICMR 01031 |
show breakdown in transpiration response similar to |
PRLT 2/89-33 |
|
| transgenic plants |
maintain significantly higher RWC than wild-type in immature leaves at |
–1.4 MPa osmotic potential |
Agrostis stolonifera |
| PEG-induced water stress |
caused |
physiological damage |
|
| root response to developing drought |
is important uncertainty concerning |
seasonal dynamics of root growth and rooting depth |
|
| Koshihikari leaves |
experience |
water stress |
Oryza sativa |
| Physocarpus opulifolius |
significantly reduces |
xylem sap pH under soil water deficits |
Physocarpus opulifolius |
| relative water content (RWC PD) |
decreases with |
soil water content (SWC) |
Daucus ibicensis; Limonium minoricensis; Beta maritima ssp. marcosii; Beta maritima ssp. maritima; Limonium magallufianum; Limonium gibertii; Helianthemum balearicum; Pistacia lentiscus; Pistacia italica; Cistus albidus; Limonium maritima |
| relationship between Rubisco parameters and RWC PD |
was significant for only |
three of the species |
Daucus ibicensis; Limonium minoricensis; Beta maritima ssp. marcosii; Beta maritima ssp. maritima; Limonium magallufianum; Limonium gibertii; Helianthemum balearicum; Pistacia lentiscus; Pistacia italica; Cistus albidus; Limonium maritima |
| transgenic plants |
maintain significantly higher RWC than wild-type in mature leaves at |
–1.0 and –1.4 MPa osmotic potentials |
Agrostis stolonifera |
| cultivated grapevine (V. vinifera L.) |
is according to a more eco-physiological classification an |
isohydric plant |
Vitis vinifera |
| partial root drying (PRD) treatment |
causes changes in |
leaf water potential |
|
| partial rootzone drying (PRD) |
can be imposed |
even when soil water potential of the irrigated pot falls below –0.01 MPa |
|
| effects of PRD on leaf xylem ABA concentration and stomatal responses |
should be evaluated at |
range of entire rootzone soil water availabilities |
|
| DHN1a |
could protect |
berry during late withering stages |
Vitis vinifera |
| water stress treatment |
maintains |
midday leaf water potential |
|
| photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate in Rupali |
decreased markedly from |
3–7 DAW as SWC continued to decrease and LWP decreased close to –1.2 MPa |
|
| a wider range of water availability at any one time |
would be useful to determine fully |
the potential of the technique relative to other methods of monitoring stress |
Quercus suber |
| regression coefficients for Rubisco parameters and g s |
became higher than |
regression coefficients for Rubisco parameters and RWC PD |
Daucus ibicensis; Limonium minoricensis; Beta maritima ssp. marcosii; Beta maritima ssp. maritima; Limonium magallufianum; Limonium gibertii; Helianthemum balearicum; Pistacia lentiscus; Pistacia italica; Cistus albidus; Limonium maritima |
| surface minus air temperature (T s – T a ) |
showed strong sensitivity to |
evaporative demand |
Malus domestica |
| GRF9-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants |
show less inhibition of proton secretion under water stress compared with |
wild-type Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtGRF9, GRF9, AT2G45480) overexpression in shoots |
shows no significant difference in |
root proton extrusion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| physiological responses enhancing plant water economy |
occurs in response to |
soil drying |
|
| leaf xylem ABA concentration |
may provide |
marker for comparative water use physiology |
Vitis vinifera |
| effects of leaf xylem ABA concentration |
can be determined indirectly by |
quantifying soil moisture depletion |
|
| δ 18 O |
clearly showed differences between |
water treatments |
|
| lower stomatal conductance |
resulted in |
negative correlation between Δ 18 O s and E |
|
| midday stem water potentials |
were maintained between |
–2.0 and –2.5 MPa |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
| inhibition of Vc,max itself |
occurred |
during water stress |
Vitis hybrid R-110 |
| future experiments |
should investigate interplay among aquaporin transcripts and protein levels in leaves exposed to |
different air relative humidity |
|
| changes in ratios of leaf to root area (AL:AR) |
expresses |
adjustments to root ability to supply water relative to shoot transpiration demand |
|
| plants with wettest conditions |
had |
lower δ 18 O values |
Triticum aestivum |
| Mediterranean climate conditions |
leads to |
leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit (VPD) |
|
| gm during severe water stress period |
showed total recovery coincident with |
2 d cloudy period |
Vitis hybrid R-110 |
| spring experiment |
reaches desired stomatal conductance defining severe water stress after |
8 days |
tobacco |
| drought |
significantly decreases |
leaf relative water content (RWC) |
|
| water deficit treatment |
induces changes in |
phloem sap composition |
Eucalyptus globulus |
| drought tolerance |
shows good correlation with |
vulnerability to embolism |
Vitis vinifera |
| sedoheptulose-1,5-bisphosphatase protein |
is |
up-regulated during water stress |
Vitis |
| effects of ipt expression on physiological responses |
to PEG-induced water stress varied between |
mature and immature leaves |
creeping bentgrass |
| leaf water potential |
shows significant decrease by |
day 13 after PRD treatment started |
|
| significant differences in cumulative transpiration rates |
was not translated into significant differences in |
Δ 18 O s between genotypes |
|
| negative relationship between Δ 13 C s and Δ 18 O s |
was found but was not |
statistically significant |
|
| Δ 13 C s associated with changes in both g s and intrinsic photosynthetic capacity |
could explain why |
g s and E correlated better with Δ 13 C s /Δ 18 O s than with each isotope alone |
|
| water stress treatment |
maintains |
pre-dawn leaf water potential |
|
| winter-red species |
have significantly lower predawn water potential compared to |
perennially green-leafed species |
|
| rapid loss of turgor pressure |
causes faster decline in |
water potential |
|
| cytokinins |
may reflect |
soil water status |
Oryza sativa |
| leaf water potential |
remains unchanged until |
day 11 after PRD treatment started |
|
| maintaining some roots above soil water potential threshold of –0.01 MPa |
may explain |
limited effect of PRD on stomatal response |
|
| phloem sap δ13C |
changes in response to |
altered water availability |
Eucalyptus globulus |
| carbon isotope 13C to 12C ratio (δ13C) |
is strongly coupled to |
measures of water availability |
|
| water stress |
causes |
root death |
|
| water use efficiency (WUE) |
differs between plant lines at |
–0.7 and –1.0 MPa but not in control or other PEG treatment levels |
Agrostis stolonifera |
| Mediterranean climate conditions |
leads to |
leaf temperature |
|
| enhancement of osmotic potential (OP) |
leads to |
increase in relative water content (RWC) |
|
| starch-derived soluble sugars |
participate in |
osmotic adjustment |
|
| water stress |
causes |
leaf senescence |
|
| cytokinins (CK) |
regulate |
water relations |
|
| interruption of cytokinin (CK) transport |
under severe water stress |
severe water stress |
creeping bentgrass |
| stomatal control of xylem cavitation in Chasselas cultivar |
would appear to be less effective since |
almost complete closure of stomata (90%) intervenes only when loss in hydraulic conductivity has already reached 90% |
Vitis vinifera |
| most negative values of Ψ PD and Ψ x |
were stabilized in |
most stressed situation (soil covered over, no irrigation) |
Vitis vinifera |
| slightly dehydrated maize |
is subject of |
hydraulic signal study |
Zea mays |
| under particular growing conditions of present research |
Δ 18 O was strongly and negatively associated with |
aboveground biomass (AB) regardless of N regime |
|
| fine roots |
exhibited water potentials of about |
–2.8 MPa at 20.00 h |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
| less elastic cell wall |
results in rapid loss of turgor pressure as |
water is lost |
|
| estimation of gm restricted to a narrow Ci range neighbouring 275 μmol mol–1 |
means errors in Γ* and/or Rd are not expected to change |
conclusions regarding the delayed threshold response of gm with respect to gsw |
|
| NO quenching with PEG |
did not result in |
excessive water loss |
Medicago truncatula |
| soil texture |
differs largely according to |
relationships between soil and root water potential, and θ v and either root ABA levels or RWUF from drying roots under PRD conditions |
|
| decreases in both Rubisco initial activity and its activation |
correlated better with changes in stomatal conductance than with |
changes in relative water content |
Daucus ibicensis; Limonium minoricensis; Beta maritima ssp. marcosii; Beta maritima ssp. maritima; Limonium magallufianum; Limonium gibertii; Helianthemum balearicum; Pistacia lentiscus; Pistacia italica; Cistus albidus; Limonium maritima |
| inhibition of Cytokinin (CK) synthesis and transport and promotion of degradation |
is associated with |
growth inhibition |
|
| midday wilting symptoms in Chasselas leaves |
is linked to |
diurnal changes in hydraulic conductance in petioles |
Vitis vinifera |
| variation in Δ 13 C mainly driven by changes in g s |
is expected to result in |
negative correlation between Δ 13 C and Δ 18 O |
|
| water potentials for all root orders |
were predicted to range between |
–0.6 MPa to –0.7 MPa |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
| water withholding in tobacco plants during spring experiment |
causes RWC Mid to decline from 65% to 43% under severe water stress |
relative water content of leaves at midday (RWC Mid) |
tobacco |
| Rhododendron obtusum |
exhibits significant increase in |
xylem sap pH in response to water deficits |
Rhododendron obtusum |
| severe drought (SD) treatment |
leads to significant RWC decrease |
leaf relative water content (RWC) |
|
| delayed extensive vessel cavitation |
results from |
differential response of stomata and leaf hydraulic conductance to leaf water potential |
|
| drought stress during grain filling |
decreases |
leaf relative water content (LRWC) |
Triticum aestivum |
| comparable RWC values of the flag leaf of HOM+ versus HOM– plants of each recombinant |
indicate that |
plants did not suffer from water stress at the booting stage of development |
Triticum turgidum |
| (AtGRF9, GRF9, AT2G45480) overexpression |
is useful for |
root growth under water stress conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| soil volumetric water content |
affects |
root water uptake (RWU) |
Solanum tuberosum |
| PRD-Alternated irrigation |
increased |
leaf xylem ABA concentration |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| gas exchange |
is |
physiological response to soil water status |
|
| extreme water stress conditions at –8.12 MPa |
was much greater than |
water stress experienced by poplars during summer drought |
Populus × canadensis; Populus deltoides |
| high temperatures and aridity |
enhance |
water losses through transpiration |
|
| decrease in transpiration flux |
is equivalent to |
decrease in ratio of actual to potential transpiration |
|
| variations of leaf xylem ABA concentration ([X-ABA]leaf) and leaf water potential (Ψleaf) of PRD-Alternated plants 6 hours after alternation |
were only correlated with changes of |
soil water content (θ) from newly-irrigated (right) side |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| abscisic acid (ABA) |
plays important role in |
stomatal closure |
|
| hydraulic fuses (petiole cavitation) |
preserve hydraulic integrity during |
periods of high water restriction and/or evapotranspiration |
Vitis vinifera |
| bundle sheath of C3 plants |
may store water to buffer transpirational surges |
transpirational surges |
|
| root xylem ABA concentration |
was correlated in |
leaf xylem ABA concentration |
|
| plant dehydrins |
counteract |
water stress that occurs in cold, frost, drought, and saline conditions |
Vitis vinifera |
| Δ 18 O s |
became enriched in 18 O as |
water supply decreased |
|
| water potential of ice at –8.12 MPa |
corresponds to |
extreme water stress conditions |
|
| winter-red species |
have significantly higher midday water potential compared to |
perennially green-leafed species |
|
| stomatal conductance |
is indicator of |
genotypic differences in growth response to water stress |
|
| Tritordeum |
has been reported to maintain greater g s than |
wheat and triticale under water deficit conditions |
tritordeum; Triticum aestivum; Triticale |
| decrease of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and mesophyll conductance (gm) as a result of water stress |
would be due to |
eventual reduction of plasma membrane H2O/CO2 permeability |
|
| Stg QTLs |
show no consistent yield cost in |
irrigated control |
Sorghum bicolor |
| stomatal closure in the present study |
probably responded to |
decrease in petiole hydraulic conductance |
Vitis vinifera |
| rates of leaf elongation |
vary across |
entire spectrum of water availability |
Zea mays |
| sufficient water to the shoots |
prevents |
water deficits |
|
| species differences in stomatal sensitivity to xylem ABA concentration |
may be responsible for |
anisohydric versus isohydric behaviour |
|
| soil water potential of the dry part of the root system |
decreases continuously during |
drying cycle |
|
| inhibition of photochemistry |
occurred to a lesser extent |
during water stress |
Vitis hybrid R-110 |
| notabilis (not) mutant |
exhibits |
severe loss of water under high temperatures |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| extreme drought (ED) treatment |
leads to significant RWC decrease |
leaf relative water content (RWC) |
|
| anthocyanin synthesis |
is inducible by |
lower leaf water potentials |
|
| PLDα1-OE plants |
show decreased |
relative water content (RWC) |
|
| herbaceous annuals from mesic habitats |
may be more vulnerable to |
cavitation |
|
| ICMB 841-P3 |
has higher transpiration rate than |
863B-P2 |
|
| excessive concentration of allelochemicals in leaf apoplast |
leads to |
leaf cell dehydration |
|
| spectral reflectance indices based on visible, near, and far infrared regions |
have been associated with |
plant water status parameters (leaf water potential) |
|
| high evaporative demand |
occurs despite |
decreased transpiration rate |
|
| drought stress |
increases |
xylem tension |
|
| index IG |
was more weakly correlated with |
meteorological variables than leaf temperature (Tleaf) |
Quercus suber |
| root growth |
occurs in response to |
soil moisture |
|
| WUE of transgenic plants |
is significantly greater than wild-type for mature leaves at |
–0.7 and –1.0 MPa |
Agrostis stolonifera |
| cavitation phenomena |
may act as a signal for |
progressive stomatal closure |
|
| lower Ψ x and Ψ leaf in water-stressed Chasselas |
indicates |
more anisohydric behaviour |
Vitis vinifera |
| closing stomata |
is |
most direct means by which plants prevent cellular water loss |
|
| up-regulation of sorbitol related enzyme |
could positively affect |
synthesis of sorbitol with protective role against water stress in plant |
Vitis vinifera |
| linear dependence of ratio C i / C a on ratio e a / e i |
explains |
linear positive relationship between δ 13 C and δ 18 O cellulose |
|
| differences in gas exchange parameters (g s and E) in high N treatments |
contrasts with |
lack of such results in low N treatments |
|
| soil water content |
decreased over time on |
wet and dry sides of root system |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
| electron transport to alternative sinks under water stress |
were apparent during |
water stress |
Vitis hybrid R-110 |
| xylem sap alkalization |
is not associated with significant reductions in |
stem water potential (Ψ stem) under regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) |
|
| amount of stem shrinkage associated with water stress during summer |
was considered in |
stem contraction observed in winter |
Populus × canadensis; Populus deltoides |
| TaABC1-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis |
had higher |
water retention ability |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sunflower |
has lower |
leaf xylem ABA concentration |
Helianthus annuus |
| mature leaves of transgenic plants |
had lower Δ relative to WT throughout drought treatment at |
–0.5, –0.7, and –1.4 MPa osmotic potential |
creeping bentgrass |
| fine, most distal, lowest-order roots |
experienced very low |
water potentials (about –2.8 MPa) at 20.00 h |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
| vapour pressure deficit (VPD) |
is likely to have direct impact on |
canopy conductance |
|
| soil dryness |
is debated as limiting factor to |
vegetation water use and productivity |
|
| mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm) |
is unaffected by |
dehydration |
maize; sorghum |
| vapour pressure deficit (VPD) |
drives |
plant hydraulic traits |
|
| access to belowground water reservoirs |
could explain |
different ET behaviors across sites |
|
| fET |
is plotted against |
CWD |
|
| fET |
stays equal to one until |
CWD of 50 mm |
|
| less water available for plant maintenance |
is likely partially driver of |
increased risk of hydraulic failure |
tropical forest plants |
| imbalance between water supply and demand for plant growth |
results in |
water limitation |
|
| carbon isotope discrimination measured in phloem sap |
is |
sensitive indicator of water stress |
Eucalyptus globulus |
| full irrigation treatments with saline solution |
differs from |
deficit irrigation |
durum wheat |
| alternative Jf calibration procedure |
did not improve |
rejection of data under water stress conditions |
|
| drought treatment |
increases |
root-to-shoot dry weight ratio |
|
| dry matter (DM) production |
was positively correlated with |
relative water content (RWC) |
|
| (AtGRF9, GRF9, AT2G45480) |
might play important roles in |
plant response to water stress |
|
| soil volumetric water content |
affects |
root water potential (Ψroot) |
Solanum tuberosum |
| stomatal closure |
reduces |
transpiration rate |
Salvia minimus; Callitris rhomboidea; Pinus radiata |
| PI-PLC gene manipulation |
confirms the importance of |
PI-PLC in water stress-related processes |
|
| hydraulic fuses (petiole cavitation) |
limit |
leaf transpiration |
Vitis vinifera |
| water-deficit patterns |
shows high variability across |
regions and seasons |
Triticum aestivum |
| irrigation treatment (PRD versus DI) |
does not always significantly affect |
shoot physiology |
|
| night-time conductance (gn) and night-time transpiration (En) |
may contribute to |
vulnerability of plants to daytime water deficits |
|
| L. eurolepis |
shows positive slope, indicating more water-stressed in |
species-rich tree plantations than in species-poor ones |
|
| differences between mycorrhizal types |
depend on |
water availability |
|
| marginal gain theory |
suggests that penalty depends on |
vapor pressure deficit, soil water potential, or similar variables |
|
| salt stress |
causes increase in |
water use efficiency (WUE) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| the delayed photosynthetic decline mediated by such a gm threshold response |
resulted in enhancing |
WUE in the early stage of drought |
Populus trichocarpa |
| G×E |
affects |
stomatal conductance |
|
| Syrah parent |
decreases |
specific transpiration rate (TrS) to 53% of well-watered level under water deficit |
|
| mean KS |
decreased down to |
43% |
|
| prevailing conditions |
has immediate impact on |
canopy water potential |
|
| P50 and HSM (hydraulic safety margin) |
principally respond to |
soil water availability |
|
| broad variation in hydraulic trait assemblage |
creates uncertainty in |
net impacts of rising VPD, drought, and CO2 on (GPP, VTC4, AT3G02870) and hydraulic failure risk |
|
| climate scenarios |
impact |
plant hydraulic stress |
|
| fET |
is equal to one up to |
CWD of c. 100 mm |
|
| Liu et al. approach |
consider mortality risk based on |
combination of factors including loss of conductance in xylem and days of stomata closure |
|
| studies on plasticity in water-related traits |
have focused on changes in |
water-use efficiency (WUE) |
|
| decreased stomatal conductance |
slows decrease of |
leaf water potential under conditions of limited water or high vapour pressure deficit |
|
| drought priming |
decreases |
leaf relative water content (LRWC) |
Triticum aestivum |
| limitation of water loss by presence of (CaS, AT5G23060) |
improves |
water use efficiency (WUE) under water stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chromatin |
plays a role in |
water stress responses |
|
| reduction of transpiration rate under water deficit |
exhibited |
wide range of variation among offspring far beyond values reported for parents |
|
| root ABA accumulation |
was higher in the dry part of the root system coincident with lower Ψ root |
soil water potential |
|
| small difference in gm threshold between the study of Ferrio et al. and the present study |
could arise from |
the different species and their respective hydraulic connectivity, but also because a constant Ci was used for gm measurement with the variable J method |
|
| Syrah×Grenache mapping population |
exhibits |
transgressive variability in specific transpiration rate (TrS) |
|
| plant stomatal control |
can vary in |
regulation of water loss by stomatal closure |
|
| (14-3-3lambda, AFT1, GRF6, AT5G10450) |
is up-regulated 2-fold under |
PEG-induced water stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chimeric Arabidopsis plants overexpressing (AtGRF9, GRF9, AT2G45480) in roots |
show higher |
root proton extrusion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Sorghum bicolor |
subjected to |
water-limited conditions |
Sorghum bicolor |
| persistently rolled leaves and pronounced senescence in water-stressed Sorghum bicolor individuals |
results in reduction of maximum leaf area by |
~35% |
Sorghum bicolor |
| PRD-Fixed irrigation |
maintains |
leaf xylem ABA concentration |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| the hybrid poplar plants used here |
reached a common Ψleaf value (approximately –0.92MPa to –1.01MPa) under low Ca regardless of |
drought intensity |
Populus trichocarpa |
| Okanese |
exhibited |
a higher intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) than Assiniboine at comparable Ψsoil |
Populus trichocarpa |
| drought treatment |
decreases |
stomatal conductance |
|
| (AtGRF9, GRF9, AT2G45480) in shoot |
is involved in systemic response to water stress by regulating |
shoot carbon allocation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| differences in Ψ root |
are lower under |
vertical soil moisture gradients |
|
| young hybrid poplar clones of contrasting drought tolerance subjected to a short period of water stress |
resulted in |
Kleaf and gsw decreased monotonically in concert, while gm remained constant over most of its range |
Populus trichocarpa |
| mean Ψ M for all measured plants |
was substantially reduced from |
–0.66 MPa under well-watered conditions to –0.94 MPa under water deficit treatment |
|
| ZFP36 overexpression |
enhances |
tolerance of rice plants to water stress |
Oryza sativa |
| PEG-induced water stress |
up-regulates |
(AtGRF9, GRF9, AT2G45480) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inhibition of Cytokinin (CK) synthesis and transport and promotion of degradation |
is associated with |
decline in stress tolerance |
|
| midday wilting symptoms in Chasselas leaves |
is linked to |
diurnal changes in hydraulic conductance in the plant |
Vitis vinifera |
| strategy of efficient stomatal closure |
performed well in avoiding |
risks of a rapidly developing embolism |
|
| water-limited treatments in bread wheat kernels |
showed similar pattern in response to differences in |
water status |
Triticum aestivum |
| dry side of root system |
experienced lower soil water content values compared to |
wet side of root system |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
| speed of water stress development |
differs among |
three experiments |
tobacco |
| changes in water availability |
results in significant changes in |
phloem sugar concentration |
Eucalyptus globulus |
| certain aquaporins having a CO2 channel role |
may mean that |
gm is less sensitive to drought stress than gsw or Kleaf because regulation of mesophyll aquaporins is expected to take place at a more advanced drought stress due to hydraulic compartmentalization |
|
| drought treatment |
decreases |
leaf fresh weight |
|
| PA accumulation and further oxidation |
have been reported in response to |
drought stress |
Vitis vinifera |
| stomatal conductance (gs) reduction |
is larger in S plants than in SP plants |
SP plants |
|
| salinity |
reduces |
stomatal conductance |
|
| genotype |
showed significant differences in means for |
relative water content (RWC) |
|
| surface coverage |
is significantly lower when plants are subject to |
water-limiting conditions |
Sorghum bicolor |
| soil moisture distribution |
affects |
Ψ root within the root zone |
|
| a decrease in gm observed when gsw fell below an approximate threshold of 0.15mol m–2 s–1 (and this even when measured at a normalized Ci to remove the photorespiratory bias modelled by Tholen et al. , 2012) |
is in accordance with |
the recent results of Ferrio et al. (2012) |
Populus trichocarpa |
| increased expression of defence-related genes |
occurs in response to |
water deficit |
Vitis vinifera |
| endogenous control over stomatal conductance |
determines |
potential for water loss in CAM as compared with C3 species |
Clusia |