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starch synthesis

9265 relationships annotated with this phrase. Showing first 500 of 9265.
Source entity Relationship Target entity Species
rise in 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) and fall in orthophosphate (Pi) strongly activate ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) higher plants
induced TPS plants showed transient increase in rate of starch accumulation from 4 to 6 h after induction starch accumulation rate Arabidopsis thaliana
(APL3, AT4G39210) gene encodes one of the large subunits of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) Arabidopsis thaliana
pyruvate is recycled to stored starch
three SBEs was decreased gradually amylopectin synthesis
gradual reduction of SBEs from TRS polygonal to hollow granules decreased amylopectin synthesis
amyloplasts are specialised nongreen plastids
ADP-Glc levels in GlgC-TM lines C3 and C4 at night were much higher than wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
GlgC-TM plants were unable to adjust the rate of starch synthesis in response to daylength Arabidopsis thaliana
TRs shows amylose content per grain increased by 40%
trimeric assembly of SSI, SSIIa, and SBEIIb in the stroma of amyloplasts occurs as in wild type
allocations of granule-bound amylopectin biosynthetic enzymes among four TRS heterogeneous granules were investigated to disclose amylopectin difference among four TRS heterogeneous granules
trehalose induced expression of the (APL3, AT4G39210) gene Arabidopsis thaliana
redox status of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) after TPS induction showed no reproducible differences between induced and noninduced plants Arabidopsis thaliana
ISOAMYLASE1-ISOAMYLASE2 (ISA) mutants alter branching pattern Arabidopsis thaliana
accumulation of sucrose stimulates starch synthesis via activation of adenosine 5′-diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) Arabidopsis thaliana
starch contents at the end of the day in GlgC-TM and (ADG1, APS1, AT5G48300) lines were close to those of wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
transgenic plants containing a redox-insensitive AGPase showed starch synthesis acceleration following an unexpected extension of the night to almost the same extent as in wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
SBEs in TRS hollow starch were seriously inhibited
redox modulation of enzyme activity is not essential for adjustment of starch synthesis to daylength Arabidopsis thaliana
starch content elevation could occur even though amounts and activity of starch synthase including GBSSI were not increased
amount of SBEIIb in starch granules was correlated significantly and positively with amylopectin content
enzyme proteins are prone to forming varieties of complexes in the soluble amyloplast fraction
rate of starch synthesis is determined by rate of net CO2 fixation and partitioning of photoassimilates between starch and sucrose Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtCCA1, CCA1, AT2G46830) (LHY, LHY1, AT1G01060) mutants accumulated less starch than wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
more than seven enzyme proteins are responsible for amylopectin formation
rate of starch synthesis in most GlgC-TM and (ADG1, APS1, AT5G48300) lines was comparable with wild type in 12:12 conditions Arabidopsis thaliana
level of ADP-Glc at night is a measure of the rate of starch synthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
AGPase activity in extracts of GlgC-TM plants is greatly in excess of observed rates of starch synthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
stromules are site of initiation of small starch granules developing wheat endosperm
ss2ss3 plants were almost devoid of glucan Arabidopsis thaliana
GlgC-TM lines C3 and C4 had AGPase activity higher than wild-type plants under both photoperiods Arabidopsis thaliana
rate of starch synthesis in wild-type plants was doubled in short days Arabidopsis thaliana
nitrate represses expression of AGPs Arabidopsis thaliana
starch phosphorylase 1 (Pho1) plays a role in starch synthesis
double helices are packed laterally to form crystalline lamellae
amount of SBEIIb in starch granules was correlated significantly and positively with branching degree of amylopectin
glutelin GT1 (GluA-2) promoter in TRS transgenic plants might be responsible for regional distribution of the three SBEs in a single seed
regulatory properties of the native AGPase are essential for adjustment of the rate of starch synthesis to daylength Arabidopsis thaliana
transgenic plants containing a redox-insensitive AGPase behave like wild-type plants in that starch synthesis is accelerated in response to growth in short days Arabidopsis thaliana
(ADG2, APL1, AT5G19220) mutant showed acceleration of starch synthesis following an unexpected extension of the night of only about one-half that in wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtSS2, SS2, AT3G01180) mutation decreased starch synthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
allosteric properties of the native enzyme are important for maintaining appropriate concentration of ADP-Glc for starch synthesis during the day Arabidopsis thaliana
SBE inhibition in TRS hollow starch leads to amylopectin branch-chain length increasing from DP 22.8 to DP 37.6
amount of SBEIIa in starch granules was correlated negatively with amylose content
ADP-Glc levels in GlgC-TM lines were lower during the day and substantially higher at night in wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
Amylopectin branch chains form double helices
decreased amylopectin in TRS hollow starch increased true amylose content from about 17% to 75%
granule-bound amylopectin biosynthetic enzymes can be used as important indicator of enzyme action on the formation of amylopectin molecular structure
rate of starch synthesis in GlgC-TM plants was unaffected or reduced in short days Arabidopsis thaliana
Amylopectin synthesis per grain in TRS decreased by 70%
two maize ae mutations lead to absence of SBEIIb in ae − (ae1.1) and a catalytically inactive form of SBEIIb in ae1.2
increase in AGPase activity may be important to support higher flux to starch in roots
(ADG1, APS1, AT5G48300) line N2 had AGPase activity similar to wild-type plants under both 12:12 and 6:18 growth conditions Arabidopsis thaliana
accelerated sucrose synthesis will result in low rates of starch synthesis via allosteric inhibition of AGPase Arabidopsis thaliana
allosteric regulation makes a much larger contribution to prevention of starch synthesis at night than redox inactivation Arabidopsis thaliana
ss2ss3 plants contained phytoglycogen Arabidopsis thaliana
GlgC-TM plants showed no acceleration of starch synthesis following an extended night Arabidopsis thaliana
failure of (ADO3, FKF1, AT1G68050) and gi mutants to adjust the rate of starch synthesis to daylength may reflect altered diel patterns of growth in these mutants Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtDPE1, DPE1, AT5G64860) (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) double mutant is capable of synthesizing starch Arabidopsis thaliana
isoamylase-type debranching enzyme is thought to facilitate formation of crystalline amylopectin layers
amount of SBEI in starch granules was correlated significantly and positively with amylopectin content
amount of SBEI in starch granules was correlated significantly and positively with branching degree of amylopectin
(AtCCA1, CCA1, AT2G46830) (LHY, LHY1, AT1G01060) mutants showed higher rate of starch accumulation in short photoperiods compared with long photoperiods Arabidopsis thaliana
starch synthesis is catalyzed by isoamylase-type debranching enzymes
three SBEs reduction by more than 70% in barley results in amylopectin synthesis completely inhibited Hordeum vulgare
amount of SBEI in starch granules was correlated negatively with amylopectin branch chain length
SSIIIa in the granule-bound fraction in both TQ and TRS was not detected
ADP-Glc in adg1-1 plants was almost undetectable under all conditions Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtSS2, SS2, AT3G01180) is important for establishing proper amylopectin structure
enriched ADP-Glc supply could elevate starch content
amount of SBEIIb in starch granules was correlated negatively with amylose content
gradual reduction of SBEs from TRS polygonal to hollow granules changed molecular structure of amylopectin
complex in su2 mutant causes inability to become granule-bound component
SSI function in generating chains of DP 8-12 greatly helped to elucidate gradually decreasing ratio of DP 6-12 in the four TRS heterogeneous starch granules
SSIIa traffics other enzymes into granule
starch is synthesized in chloroplasts
(ATSS4, SS4, SSIV, AT4G18240) does not have major influence on amylose synthesis
amylose content of starch potentially correlates with availability of ADP-Glc
(ELF3, PYK20, AT2G25930) mutants accumulated less starch than wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
gluconeogenesis participates in starch synthesis pathway
GBSSI content in ss3a / Waxy a is not significantly different from GBSSI content in indica itself (SS3a / Waxy a)
trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) controls rate of starch synthesis
(APL3, AT4G39210) encodes large subunit of AGPase Arabidopsis thaliana
starch synthases and branching enzymes elongate glucan chains of the starch granule
starch synthase (SS) activity in ss2ss3 plants is not limiting for glucan accumulation Arabidopsis thaliana
plants expressing deregulated AGPase in 12:12 conditions had end-of-day starch contents of 60% to 100% of wild-type values Arabidopsis thaliana
more and more space released for amylose synthesis and accumulation in lamellae occurs from TRS polygonal to hollow starch granules even though GBSSI contents were not increased
amylose interaction forms antiparallel double helices
amount of SBEIIa in starch granules was correlated significantly and positively with amylopectin content
internal granule-bound components in ae1.2 consist of SSI, SSIIa, SBEI, SBEIIa, and null SBEIIb
TRS heterogeneous starch granules contained gradually decreased amylopectin
altered amounts of three SBEs acting on the formation of four heterogeneous granules along with other proteins also effected changes, including SSI and (ATPHO1, PHO1, AT3G23430)
Glucose-6-phosphate in amyloplasts is used for subsequent starch synthesis
LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY, LHY1, AT1G01060) regulates GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE I (GBSS1, AT1G32900)
SSIIa is responsible for granule-association of SSI and SBEIIb Zea mays
bacterial glgC gene (deregulated version of starch biosynthesis enzyme AGPase) was overexpressed in cassava storage roots
reduction of VIN activity in maize kernels reduced starch biosynthesis in the endosperm Zea mays
AGPase gene (AGPS) encodes regulatory subunit of AGPase
SSIIa phosphorylation affects interaction of SSIIa with other starch biosynthetic enzymes Zea mays
transcription factors (TFs) are considered as important regulatory factors of starch synthesis genes (SSGs) Zea mays
miRNAs are highly important for starch accumulation in cereal crops
miRNAs have illuminated regulatory functions in maize starch synthesis Zea mays
enzymatic assay of total soluble extracts indicates compensation for loss of particular SS activity
three enzymes involved in the starch synthesis pathways participate in metabolite concentration prediction Arabidopsis thaliana
high activities of enzymes in the Calvin–Benson cycle and pathways for sucrose and starch synthesis are likely attributed to high rate of photosynthesis Manihot esculenta
starch metabolism is controlled by starch synthase Zea mays
ZmMYB115 is co-expressed with starch synthesis-associated genes Zea mays
ADP-Glc (adenosine 5-diphosphate-glucose) contents of wild-type (Col-0) plants, (ADG1, APS1, AT5G48300) control line N2, and GlgC-TM lines C3 and C4 were measured in plants grown in 12:12 conditions and harvested at 3 h (ZT3) and 15 h (ZT15) after dawn Arabidopsis thaliana
pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK, AT4G15530) participates in starch synthesis pathway
amylopectin synthesis reduction reduces steric hindrance for amylose accumulation in crystalline and amorphous lamellae
DNA methylation was identified as master switch Zea mays
multi-level transcriptional regulation atlas involves starch synthesis genes Zea mays
elevated total amylose content occurs only in the absence of SS2 and the presence of (SS3, AT1G74000)
increased (ATSS1, SS1, AT5G24300) activity in Arabidopsis ss3- mutant is probably not due to increased expression of the structural gene of (ATSS1, SS1, AT5G24300) Arabidopsis thaliana
at least two SSs must be missing in order to observe effect on branch placement
reduction and monomerization of AGPase result in activation of AGPase
glgC overexpression in cassava storage roots resulted in 2.6-fold higher storage root biomass compared with control plants
increased temperatures perturb starch synthesis
starch synthase II (SSII) elongates intermediate glucan chains (DP 12–24)
starch synthesis enzymes were similar in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells Oryza sativa
elevated glycogen synthase activity had effects on starch synthesis Triticum aestivum
SSIIa is subject to phosphorylation Zea mays
AGPS2 is Group 1 gene with up-regulated expression at 9 (DPA, AT5G02470) in superior spikelets Oryza sativa
substrate for starch synthesis in the cytosol was probably UDPglucose
starch synthases (SSs) synthesize amylose and amylopectin
SSIIa mutants exhibit a characteristic decrease in frequency of intermediate chains with DP 12–22 Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; Oryza sativa; Zea mays
SSIIa associates with SSI and SBEIIb Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Hordeum vulgare; Oryza sativa
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase subunits ( (ADG2, APL1, AT5G19220) and (APS2, ASA1, ATPS2, AT1G19920) ) were more abundant in mesophyll cells Oryza sativa
depletion of ADPGlc pool by introduced glucan synthase could cause cessation of starch accumulation
starch synthesis research has advanced at rapid pace
ADP-glucose is used by starch synthases and branching enzymes
SSII is mostly granule bound starch granules Pisum sativum; Arabidopsis thaliana
miRNA-targeted transcription factors are co-expressed with starch synthesis-associated genes Zea mays
starch synthesis genes (SSGs) expression is regulated by transcription factors (TFs)
starch synthesis mutants show strongly impaired growth
products of photosynthesis are usually imported into developing storage organ
glucose 6-phosphate is converted to glucose 1-phosphate
Iso-1 is not present as a starch granule-associated protein in wild-type or ae endosperm Zea mays
debranching enzymes (DBEs) affects chloroplastidial maltodextrin pool Arabidopsis thaliana
SSI elongates shorter glucan chains with DP 8–12
starch content in homozygous lines expressing glycogen synthase was up to 93% lower than in control lines Triticum aestivum
AGPase activity in homozygous transgenic grains was strongly reduced by up to 80%, relative to grains of bar control Triticum aestivum
glgC overexpression in cassava storage roots resulted in significant increases in above-ground biomass
regulation of root AGPase activity (sink capacity) is specific target trait for future improvement of cassava
cereal endosperm has endogenous ADPGlc pool entirely committed to storage carbohydrate synthesis
effect of transgenes on starch content at maturity was equally strong in grains that developed on T3 homozygous plants Triticum aestivum
high amylose content has been proposed to cause abnormal granule shapes
SBE 2 and SBE 3 have redundant activities in starch synthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
BEs require glucans of sufficient length in order to create branches through intra- or intermolecular rearrangement
starch synthesis is essential feature of crop filling
transcription factors (TFs) have been identified as regulators of starch synthesis genes (SSGs) in maize endosperm Zea mays
ZmMYB115 was experimentally verified for regulation of starch synthesis genes Zea mays
soluble starch synthase 2 (AtSS2, SS2, AT3G01180) is one of three soluble starch synthases
appropriate concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) can enhance sucrose synthase (SUS) activity Oryza sativa
glucose 6-phosphate and ATP are imported from cytosol
SBEIIb is detected in normal maize amyloplast lysates Zea mays
SSI co-precipitates with SSIIa Zea mays
bundle sheath cells of C4 plants are the primary location of starch synthesis
inorganic phosphate (Pi) has a direct influence on starch synthesis
remaining SS is more active when SS1 is absent SS activity in ss1- ss2- double mutant
activity of (ATSS1, SS1, AT5G24300) decreases rapidly with increasing DP of the substrate, to virtually none at DP 12
modified amylopectin structure could alter (GBSS1, AT1G32900) activity by offering a different glucan substrate for elongation
SSIII produces relatively longer glucan chains (DP 25–40)
DNA methylation has illuminated regulatory functions in maize starch synthesis Zea mays
these glucans are too short to serve as substrates for BEs
free carbohydrate is converted into starch
(GBSS1, AT1G32900) protein abundance can be ruled out as an explanation altered (GBSS1, AT1G32900) activity in ss2- and ss1- ss2- mutants
plastid-localized ADP-glucose production is not only pathway of starch synthesis
crystalline matrix necessary to support (GBSS1, AT1G32900) activity is unlikely to form multiple mutant combinations lacking (SS3, AT1G74000)
(ATSS1, SS1, AT5G24300) appears to provide more activity than normal in extracts lacking (AtSS2, SS2, AT3G01180) or (SS3, AT1G74000)
fine structure of amylopectin determines granule morphology through higher order structural assembly
SBE II lesion in pea embryos yields rugosous wrinkled seed phenotype Pisum sativum
either SBE 2 or SBE 3 isoform is sufficient for normal starch synthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtSS2, SS2, AT3G01180) and (SS3, AT1G74000) both function as negative regulators of (ATSS1, SS1, AT5G24300) activity
hydrolysis of some branch linkages after they have been placed by a BE is necessary to achieve normal amylopectin structure
potential substrates of BE could be altered as the result of reduced SS activity
(ATSUS4, SUS4, AT3G43190) is Group 1 gene with up-regulated expression at 9 (DPA, AT5G02470) in superior spikelets Oryza sativa
higher ABA level at early stage of development of caryopses or in inferior spikelets suppresses Sus expression Oryza sativa
granule size and shape determination is poorly characterized
cytosolic form of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is localized to cytosol
total branching enzyme activities is approximately half in ae mutant amyloplasts Zea mays
soluble starch synthase (SSS) is involved in amylopectin synthesis Oryza sativa
cultivar differences in starch concentrations were not observed under growth conditions in planta or on detached panicles Avena sativa
ADPglucose is precursor for starch synthesis
interconnections between various activities that build amylopectin determine molecular architecture of amylopectin and crystalline starch
structural flaws amplify during granule expansion
relatively high concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) in inferior spikelets suppress expression of starch synthesis genes Oryza sativa
BT1-2 is Group 1 gene with up-regulated expression at 9 (DPA, AT5G02470) in superior spikelets Oryza sativa
fluridone increased expression of (ATSUS4, SUS4, AT3G43190) Oryza sativa
amount of labelled starch between 4 h and 8 h increased more quickly at 12/8 °C higher temperature regime of 18/14 °C Crocus vernus
SSI co-precipitates with SBEIIb Zea mays
SSIIa interacts with SSI and SBEIIb Zea mays
starch metabolism is controlled by starch branching enzyme Zea mays
expression of genes coding for starch-synthesizing enzymes is often reduced by methylation Oryza sativa
blockage of Golgi secretion stimulates starch synthesis Nicotiana tabacum
chromoplasts contain proteins involved in starch synthesis Solanum lycopersicum
starch synthesis occurs in chloroplasts
ZmMYB138 was experimentally verified for regulation of starch synthesis genes Zea mays
SPK knockout resulted in chalky seeds Oryza sativa
starch synthesis is pathway
chloroplast isoenzyme of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI, PGI1, AT4G24620) exerts control over rate of starch synthesis at saturating light intensity and CO2
at least two SSs are required for normal architecture
chloroplast isoenzyme of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI, PGI1, AT4G24620) does not exert control over rate of starch synthesis at low light intensity
differences in apparent affinity for ADP-glucose substrate exist between GBSS and other SSs
ss2- ss3- double mutants or ss1- ss2- ss3- triple mutant have total starch level drastically reduced including a large decrease in total amylose content in leaves
starch structure is altered in any single or double mutant line
SSIIa is Group 1 gene with up-regulated expression at 9 (DPA, AT5G02470) in superior spikelets Oryza sativa
Group 2 genes were presumed to be involved in construction of fundamental cell machinery and initiation of starch granules Oryza sativa
60 kDa band is thought to be granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) Oryza sativa
high concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) lowers ability of grains to synthesize starch Oryza sativa
largest fold changes between superior and inferior grains were in the genes responsible for conversion of sucrose into ADP-glucose Oryza sativa
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) or pyruvate produced during malate decarboxylation in the light must be imported into chloroplast
glucose 6-phosphate and ATP are imported into plastids
exogenously applied trehalose induces AGPase gene Arabidopsis thaliana
sugar accumulation in (ATPGMP, PGM, PGM1, STF1, AT5G51820) light is a direct consequence of lesion in starch synthesis
ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) catalyzes synthesis of ADPglucose
SSI and SSIIa form a complex with SBEIIb Zea mays
ethephon suppressed SSSIIa Oryza sativa
two genes encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and one encoding a glucose 6P/P translocator induced at days 6 and 10 (AOS, CYP74A, DDE2, AT5G42650) Zea mays
sucrose synthase (SUS) is involved in pathway of starch synthesis Oryza sativa
AGPS1 is Group 1 gene with up-regulated expression at 9 (DPA, AT5G02470) in superior spikelets Oryza sativa
cytosolic ADPglucose is imported into plastids
starch synthesis pathway in grass endosperm has features that are unique to cereal endosperms
products of photosynthesis are imported from leaves
soluble starch synthase activity is significantly higher in ae mutant amyloplasts Zea mays
recombinant maize SBEI interacts with SBEIIb Zea mays
granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) is involved in amylose synthesis Oryza sativa
SSI, SSIIa, SBEI, SBEIIa, plastidial SP, Iso-1, Iso-2, and GBSSI are present at comparable levels in ae mutant amyloplast lysates Zea mays
SBEIIb shows no interaction with SP Zea mays
110 kDa polypeptide cross-reacts with anti-maize SP antibodies Zea mays
starch synthesis is important process during late seed development Oryza sativa
exogenous application of ABA to detached rice ears at 9 (DPA, AT5G02470) had little effect on genes and enzymes responsible for conversion of ADP-glucose to starch Oryza sativa
ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) uses substrates glucose 1-phosphate and ATP
functional redundancy is demonstrated by previous work in potato and Arabidopsis Solanum tuberosum; Arabidopsis thaliana
relatively high concentrations of ethylene in inferior spikelets suppress expression of starch synthesis genes Oryza sativa
AGPL2 expression decreased by ethephon 61.0% Oryza sativa
fluridone slightly enhanced the activity of SSs Oryza sativa
starch synthesis occurs in amyloplasts
SSI and SSIIa elute earlier from column in ae mutant amyloplast extracts Zea mays
SSI and SSIIa are components of larger complexes in ae mutant amyloplasts Zea mays
recombinant maize SBEIIa interacts with SSI, SSIIa, SBEI, and SP Zea mays
AGPase is involved in pathway of starch synthesis Oryza sativa
triose phosphates can be stored as transitory starch
starch granule synthesis requires isoamylase and other enzymes
relatively high concentrations of ethylene and ABA in inferior spikelets suppress starch synthesis genes enzyme activities Oryza sativa
SP activity is reduced in ae mutant amyloplasts Zea mays
SSIIa is present at significantly higher levels in ae starch granules Zea mays
amylose levels cannot be elevated in ss1- mutants
compensation of SS activity in the different mutants should be considered as compensating mechanism between (ATSS1, SS1, AT5G24300) and (SS3, AT1G74000) only
amylose and amylopectin are branched by starch-branching enzyme isoforms
protein–protein interactions among starch synthesizing enzymes are observed at 20–25 DAP and 29–35 DAP Zea mays
exogenous application of ABA to detached rice ears at 9 (DPA, AT5G02470) decreased both the expression profile of SUS genes Oryza sativa
SSI and SSIIa complex has approximate molecular mass of 300 kDa Zea mays
(ATSUS2, SSA, SUS2, AT5G49190) is Group 1 gene with up-regulated expression at 9 (DPA, AT5G02470) in superior spikelets Oryza sativa
BEIIb is Group 1 gene with up-regulated expression at 9 (DPA, AT5G02470) in superior spikelets Oryza sativa
starch is synthesized from products of photosynthesis
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases synthesizes ADP-glucose
starch-binding CBM motifs are conserved starch biosynthesis enzymes
plastidial pathway of starch synthesis is found in all extant higher plants and green algae
SBEIIb is absent in ae mutant endosperm Zea mays
induced and control plants contained very similar levels of ADP-glucose (ADPG) Arabidopsis thaliana
amyloplasts synthesise starch
sacred lotus has significant expansion of starch-related genes (GBSS genes)
crude extract of soluble starch synthase from wheat endosperm shows a decrease in enzyme activity even at 25 °C with a 2h treatment enzyme activity Triticum aestivum
AGPase expression was down-regulated in SlAREB1 overexpression line at immature green stage Solanum lycopersicum
(ASUS1, atsus1, SUS1, SUSY1, AT5G20830) is Group 2 gene with down-regulated expression at 9 (DPA, AT5G02470) in superior spikelets Oryza sativa
PGIb is Group 3 gene with little changed expression during grain filling Oryza sativa
BEIIa is Group 3 gene with little changed expression during grain filling Oryza sativa
ADPglucose continued to be used for starch synthesis
SBEI co-precipitates with SSI and SSIIa Zea mays
110 kDa polypeptide is present exclusively in ae starch granules Zea mays
manipulating starch synthesis could improve crop yield
illumination with 300 μmol m−2 s−1 of red light promoted efficient starch synthesis in guard cells Arabidopsis thaliana
starch-branching enzyme (SBE) is important for starch storage
PGIa is Group 3 gene with little changed expression during grain filling Oryza sativa
ADPglucose was synthesized by AGPase in free-living cyanobacterium
ADPglucose has continued to be synthesized in symbiont/plastid
SBEI has reduced catalytic activity in ae mutant amyloplasts Zea mays
localization of starch storage in BSCs probably requires higher rates of starch synthesis to sequester triose-phosphates efficiently Miscanthus maximus
crude extract of soluble starch synthase from wheat endosperm loses its enzyme activity significantly with a 15min treatment at 30 °C enzyme activity Triticum aestivum
Arabidopsis thaliana leaves synthesize starch faster in short days Arabidopsis thaliana
adenosine 5-diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase)-dependent mechanism influences rate of starch synthesis
adg1-1 mutant has very little AGPase activity or starch in leaves Arabidopsis thaliana
allosteric properties of the enzyme may permit adjustment of the rate of starch synthesis to different daylengths Arabidopsis thaliana
common catalytic domain of starch synthases is comprised of glycosyltransferase 5 (GT5) and glycosyltransferase 1 (GT1) subdomains
amylopectin content and molecular structure change leads to amylose accumulated in crystalline lamellae
amount of SBEI in starch granules was correlated negatively with amylose content
amount of SBEIIb in starch granules was correlated significantly and positively with short branch chain of amylopectin
(ATPHO1, PHO1, AT3G23430) was absent in control
(ATPHO1, PHO1, AT3G23430) amounts in aggregate, elongated, and hollow starches were not significantly different from each other
expanded physical space might be responsible for different amylose accumulation in four TRS heterogeneous starch granules
transgenic lines expressing a modified large subunit that renders AGPase more sensitive to activation and less sensitive to inhibition showed acceleration of starch synthesis following an unexpected extension of the night of only about one-half that in wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
accumulation of phosphorylated intermediates will result in acceleration of starch synthesis via allosteric activation of AGPase Arabidopsis thaliana
amylopectin synthesis decrease results in enlarged physical space
three SBEs in TRS polygonal starches exhibited 28%, 51%, and 51% levels relative to TQ
enzyme proteins instead of operating individually
starch is synthesized in plastids
expression of either (ADG1, APS1, AT5G48300) or GlgC-TM in -1 plants restored starch synthesis in leaves Arabidopsis thaliana
granule-bound (ATPHO1, PHO1, AT3G23430) in TRS might facilitate MOS synthesis
starch is synthesized during day
soluble starch synthase is thermolabile Triticum aestivum
increased rate of starch accumulation in short photoperiods does not require adjustment of the subunit composition of AGPase Arabidopsis thaliana
immunostaining analysis of developing rice kernels indicates gradually decreasing dosages of SBEI, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb Oryza sativa
activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) increases production of ADP-glucose (ADPG) higher plants
induced increase in trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) led to slight stimulation of starch synthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
redox activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) may require concerted action of two or more signaling pathways Arabidopsis thaliana
loss of LeafL function substantially reduces, but does not always abolish, heat-stable activity Zea mays
loss of genes encoding the other isoforms has little to no effect on leaf starch Zea mays
vast majority of the activity remaining in the sh2 and (ATBT2, BT2, AT3G48360) mutants is heat stable Zea mays
reduced carbon is converted to starch
ADP-Glc at night in lines containing a redox-insensitive AGPase was also elevated Arabidopsis thaliana
leaf chloroplasts contain lenticular starch granules
(BT1, AT5G63160) encodes ADP-Glc transporter Oryza sativa
amount of SBEIIa in starch granules was correlated significantly and positively with branching degree of amylopectin
primary cause of the mutation, the loss of SBEIIb activity is the same
differences between wild-type and GlgC-TM plants in hexose phosphate and ADP-Glc pool sizes in 12:12 conditions are attributable to different kinetic properties of the native and GlgC-TM enzymes Arabidopsis thaliana
posttranslational modulation of AGPase activity is most likely at the level of allosteric regulation Arabidopsis thaliana
starch content elevation occurs in condition that activity of starch synthase was kept unchanged
different mutation patterns in ae − (ae1.1) and ae1.2 cause different granule-bound protein compositions
(ATPHO1, PHO1, AT3G23430) exhibited granule-bound fraction in TRS
starch synthesis was maintained for rest of the photoperiod Arabidopsis thaliana
ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase involved in starch synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana
apyrases have been speculated to be involved in regulation of starch synthesis
higher starch levels in cytc mutants are mainly the result of increased synthesis during the day Arabidopsis thaliana
starch phosphorylase plays important role in initiation of starch granules Oryza sativa
all three small subunit genes contribute to starch synthesis Zea mays
GBSSI is Group 1 gene with up-regulated expression at 9 (DPA, AT5G02470) in superior spikelets Oryza sativa
SSIIIb is Group 2 gene with down-regulated expression at 9 (DPA, AT5G02470) in superior spikelets Oryza sativa
ethephon suppressed (ATSUS2, SSA, SUS2, AT5G49190) Oryza sativa
grass endosperm contains cytosolic form of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase)
ADPglucose in cyanobacterium was committed to starch synthesis
amylose extender (ae) starch results from non-functional branching enzyme IIb (SBEIIb) Zea mays
AGPLLZM encodes large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) Zea mays
removal of the various AGPase genes known to be expressed in the other tissues along with the removal of Sh2 or (ATBT2, BT2, AT3G48360) function does not reduce endosperm starch content to a level appreciably below that produced in a single sh2 or (ATBT2, BT2, AT3G48360) mutant Zea mays
plastidial AGPase is encoded by agpsemzm and agpllzm loci Zea mays
starch normally accumulates in leaves in the light
regulation of ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase is mediated by (NTRC, AT2G41680) Arabidopsis thaliana
AGPase activity was also restored in both sorts of lines ( (ADG1, APS1, AT5G48300) and GlgC-TM transgenic lines) Arabidopsis thaliana
any factor that influences the diel pattern of carbon demand for growth may thus indirectly influence the rate of starch accumulation during the day Arabidopsis thaliana
SBE inhibition in TRS hollow starch leads to ratio of short to long branch chains of amylopectin decreasing from 3.1 to 0.4
seven amylopectin biosynthetic enzymes: SSI, SSIIa, SSIIIa, SBEI, SBEIIa, SBEIIb, and (ATPHO1, PHO1, AT3G23430) are capable of binding to starch granule in the wild type and various mutants
starch synthase shows no significant changes in activity in u-ATP9 transgenic lines
Metabolism in tuber is inherently associated with starch synthesis
waxy starch results from absence of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS1, AT1G32900) activity Zea mays
AGPase-independent starch synthesis accounts for ~25% of endosperm starch Zea mays
genetic differences at loci separate from those encoding AGPase activity accounts for variation in starch content Zea mays
double and triple mutants lacked activity Zea mays
starch phosphorylase can synthesize glucan polymers even in elevated phosphate conditions Oryza sativa; Escherichia coli
another small subunit AGPase gene must function in embryo Zea mays
starch is synthesized when rate of photosynthesis exceeds capacity of leaf to export or store sucrose Arabidopsis thaliana
induced TPS plants during period from 4 to 6 h after induction had ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) that was, if anything, less reduced (less activated) than control plants Arabidopsis thaliana
abolition of redox sensitivity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) by site-directed mutagenesis of (ADG1, APS1, AT5G48300) had surprisingly little effect on rate of starch synthesis in plants grown in 12-h photoperiod Arabidopsis thaliana
Suc-induced changes in redox status of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) occur via mechanism that does not involve trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) Arabidopsis thaliana
induced and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) redox status overlapped with at least one, usually more, of the controls at every sampling time control plants Arabidopsis thaliana
induced TPS plants accumulated a little more starch than noninduced controls by end of day Arabidopsis thaliana
types of starch synthase (SS) present affect crystallinity of glucans Arabidopsis thaliana
AGPase activity in extracts of GlgC-TM plants is comparable with wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
redox inactivation of the enzyme also acts to prevent starch synthesis at night Arabidopsis thaliana
starch synthesis is catalyzed by starch synthases (SSs)
GBSSI amounts and activity were not significantly different between TQ and TRS
abundant amylose increase in TRS is attributed mainly to amylopectin decrease
novel protein complex formed in the stroma including SBEI, SBEIIa, (ATPHO1, PHO1, AT3G23430) SSI, and SSIIa effectively becomes localized to starch granules in ae −
amount of SBEI, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb decrease from polygonal to hollow granules is in agreement with branching degree of amylopectin decreasing and branch-chain length increasing gradually
production of ADP-glucose (ADPG) increases synthesis of starch higher plants
basal levels of trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) in plants may be already saturating the putative mechanism by which Tre6P affects redox status of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) Arabidopsis thaliana
induced TPS plants showed no consistent evidence of increase in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activation Arabidopsis thaliana
trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) cannot be ruled out to act to promote activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATPGMP, PGM, PGM1, STF1, AT5G51820) mutant had ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) that was considerably more reduced than wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) catalyzes conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to ADP-glucose
low AGPase activity restriction is at least partially relieved in field-grown plants
expansion of starch synthase genes probably elevated starch levels within the rhizome Nelumbo nucifera
Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) rhizome contains elevated starch Nelumbo nucifera
potato genome lacks significant gene expansions within starch-synthesis pathway Solanum tuberosum
leaves lacking the large subunit or small subunit previously known to be expressed in the leaf exhibit drastic loss in leaf starch Zea mays
transcripts for other AGPase subunits are present in leaves but have little or no physiological significance Zea mays
residual starch in endosperm may arise from ADP-glucose synthesized via sucrose synthase Zea mays
all three small subunit genes contribute to embryo AGPase activity Zea mays
Arabidopsis thaliana lacking (GPT2, AT3G53320) accumulates less starch in high light than wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana
adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase is essential for maize viability Zea mays
granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) affects amylose synthesis by catalyzing glucosyl transfer from ADP-glucose to growing α-1,4-D-glucan chain
significant expansion of starch-related genes (GBSS genes) in sacred lotus may explain starch enrichment within rhizome tissue
genetic expansion of starch-related genes (GBSS genes) in sacred lotus may have resulted in crisp taste associated with sacred lotus rhizome
starch metabolism is controlled by adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase Zea mays
multi-level transcriptional regulation atlas involves miRNA Zea mays
starch content and AGPase activity in heterozygous relative to control grains were also reduced but reductions were less severe than for grains from homozygous plants Triticum aestivum
starch synthase isoforms share common catalytic domain
enhanced ADP-Glc synthesis and import into amyloplasts results in only limited carbon flow into starch
three SBEs reduction by more than 70% in barley results in pure amylose derived Hordeum vulgare
SBE inhibition in TRS hollow starch leads to amylopectin content decreasing from 76.3% to 22.6%
amount of SBEIIa in starch granules was correlated negatively with amylopectin branch chain length
transgenic plants expressing deregulated GlgC-TM had maximum catalytic activities of AGPase higher than wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
N-terminal extensions of (SS3, AT1G74000) confer higher affinity for glucan substrates
SBE values less than transition points causes amylopectin content and molecular structure to change substantially
SSs and SBEs purportedly attach to the surface of starch granule
ADP-glucose pyrophosporylase (AGPase) is not found in diatom plastids
abolition of starch production reduces sensitivity of seedling growth to trehalose Arabidopsis thaliana
BGC1 gene is orthologous to FLOURY ENDOSPERM6 (FLO6) Oryza sativa; Hordeum vulgare
plants expressing deregulated bacterial adenosine 5′-diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) show compromised adjustment of starch synthesis to daylength Arabidopsis thaliana
ADP-Glc levels in wild-type plants were high during the day (at ZT3) and essentially undetectable at night in 12:12 and 6:18 conditions Arabidopsis thaliana
granule-associated proteins of four heterogeneous starch granules indicate gradually decreasing dosages of SBEI, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb Oryza sativa
allelic variant of the sugray-2 (su2) mutation expressing a catalytically inactive form of SSIIa in maize enables trimeric assembly of SSI, SSIIa, and SBEIIb in the stroma of amyloplasts
no difference in SSIIa was detected
increased levels of ADP-glucose via AGPase inhibits phosphorylase function during later stages of seed development Oryza sativa
deregulated GlgC-TM enzyme from E. coli was used to replace native AGPase Arabidopsis thaliana
(SS3, AT1G74000) is important for establishing proper amylopectin structure
TRS (transgenic resistant starch rice line) has amylose content of approximately 60% Oryza sativa
fall in concentration of triose phosphate in the chloroplast causes rate of starch synthesis decreases
end-of-day starch contents in several GlgC-TM lines were 60% to 100% of wild-type values Arabidopsis thaliana
transformation with the empty vector did not restore starch synthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
branching enzyme transfers part of linear glucan chain
lack of sucrose accumulation prevents up-regulation of starch synthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
starch synthesis is catalyzed by starch branching enzymes
gradually decreasing dosages of SBEI, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb are responsible for differences in molecular structure of granules Oryza sativa
SSI plays a critical role in generating chains of DP 8-12 from chains of DP 6-7 that emerge from the branch points of amylopectin
mutations preventing starch synthesis prevent chlorosis of (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtSS2, SS2, AT3G01180) mutant plants contained small amounts of phytoglycogen in addition to aberrant starch Arabidopsis thaliana
ss2ss3 plants retained other starch synthase isoforms Arabidopsis thaliana
plants expressing deregulated AGPase in short days had lower allocation of carbon into starch and greater reductions in growth rate than wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
amount of SBEIIa in starch granules was correlated significantly and positively with short branch chain of amylopectin
plant SS isoforms have N-terminal extensions of different lengths
starch is synthesized as discrete semicrystalline granules having a layered organization with alternating semicrystalline and amorphous growth rings
gradual reduction of SBEs from TRS polygonal to hollow granules led to greater accumulation of amylose in lamellae
SSIIa preferentially elongates DP 6-11 to DP 13-28
SSIIa trafficking other enzymes into the granule leads to SSIIa being unbiasedly bound to the granule
(ATPHO1, PHO1, AT3G23430) is not responsible for different amylose accumulation in four TRS heterogeneous starch granules
ss2ss3isa triple mutants restored glucan production Arabidopsis thaliana
plants containing mutant forms of endogenous adenosine 5′-diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) with altered allosteric regulatory properties show compromised adjustment of starch synthesis to daylength Arabidopsis thaliana
(ADG2, APL1, AT5G19220) mutant lacks (ADG2, APL1, AT5G19220) subunit of AGPase Arabidopsis thaliana
changes in starch content of biomass during culture are shown in Figure 3B Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
differences in rates of sucrose synthesis at the start of the day are expected to influence rate of starch synthesis
N-terminal region of STARCH SYNTHASE 4 (ATSS4, SS4, SSIV, AT4G18240) is unique among starch synthase isoforms Arabidopsis thaliana
FLO4 encodes pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase Oryza sativa
amount of SBEIIa in starch granules was correlated significantly and positively with extra long chain of amylopectin
decreased photosynthetic capacity results in a decrease of carbon available for starch synthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
ADP-Glc level in GlgC-TM line C4 was 50% lower than wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
low growth rate of the transgenic plants is at least in part a direct consequence of low starch levels and hence reduced carbon availability at night Arabidopsis thaliana
maize (Zea mays) amylose extender (ae) mutant has amylose content increased to approximately 60% from 30% Zea mays
BRITTLE1 (BT1, AT5G63160) gene overexpression in up-regulated AGPase background generates rice line with enhanced ADP-Glc synthesis and import into amyloplasts
Arabidopsis thaliana leaves synthesize starch slower in long days Arabidopsis thaliana
adg1-1 mutant has no accumulation of AGPase large subunits Arabidopsis thaliana
redox and allosteric regulatory properties of AGPase effectively prevent synthesis of ADP-Glc at night Arabidopsis thaliana
(SS3, AT1G74000) is proposed to synthesize long, cluster-spanning amylopectin chains
amylose content of starch potentially correlates with limited physical space available within the matrix of amylopectin
amount of SBEIIb in starch granules was correlated significantly and positively with extra long chain of amylopectin
different amounts of SBEI, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb distributed in the four heterogeneous starch granules caused different binding amounts of SSI
stromules do not appear to be general site of starch synthesis in other tissues
modification of allosteric properties can reduce the capacity for adjustment of starch synthesis in response to daylength Arabidopsis thaliana
amount of SBEIIb in starch granules was correlated negatively with amylopectin branch chain length
isa mutant accumulates primarily phytoglycogen in leaf mesophyll cells Arabidopsis thaliana
retention of larger proportion of triose phosphate in the chloroplast leads to use of triose phosphate for starch synthesis
adenosine 5′-diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is starch synthesis enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
regulatory properties of adenosine 5′-diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) are required for adjustment of leaf starch synthesis in different photoperiods Arabidopsis thaliana
mutations blocking starch synthesis reduce plant growth Arabidopsis thaliana
growth rate at end of preceding night determines in part rate of starch synthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
ADP-Glc levels in GlgC-TM plants tended to be lower during the day (at ZT3) than those in wild-type plants Arabidopsis thaliana
residual AGPase activity in (ADG2, APL1, AT5G19220) mutant is due to either the formation of active (ADG1, APS1, AT5G48300) homotetramers or the association of with one of the other three minor large subunits ( (APL2, AT1G27680) (APL3, AT4G39210) and (APL4, AT2G21590) ) Arabidopsis thaliana
GBSS (granule-bound starch synthase) synthesizes amylose
ratio of amylose and amylopectin content in TRS undergoes great changes
starch synthase (SS) mutants lacking (ATSS1, SS1, AT5G24300) (AtSS2, SS2, AT3G01180) and (SS3, AT1G74000) vary chain length distribution Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATSS1, SS1, AT5G24300) is important for establishing proper amylopectin structure
adjustment of starch synthesis to daylength is dependent upon posttranslational modulation of AGPase activity Arabidopsis thaliana
ADP-Glc synthesis at night in transgenic plants with unregulated AGPase may adversely affect growth rates of plants expressing unregulated AGPase Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana (ATSS4, SS4, SSIV, AT4G18240) mutant accumulates very high levels of ADP-Glc Arabidopsis thaliana
gradually increasing amylose content in four TRS heterogeneous granules is due to decreased amylopectin synthesis and enhanced amylose synthesis Oryza sativa
four TRS heterogeneous granules have GBSSI amounts not significantly different from control Oryza sativa
NADP-thioredoxin reductase C is known to activate ADP (GLC, AT1G65450) pyrophosphorylase
GBSS-I is regulated post-transcriptionally Triticum aestivum
single AGPase mutants did not reduce ovary starch content Zea mays
heat labile activity is preferentially reduced in sh2 and (ATBT2, BT2, AT3G48360) mutants Zea mays
SSIIa mutants exhibit a characteristic increase in shorter glucan chains (DP 7–10) Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; Oryza sativa; Zea mays
GRANULE BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) synthesizes amylose
ZmMYB138 affects transcriptional activities of Du1 / Wx genes Zea mays
gradually decreasing SBEI, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb might release more space for amylose synthesis
fourth gene encodes large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) Zea mays
loss of the small subunit known to be expressed in the embryo (agpsemzm) abolishes heat-stable activity Zea mays
changes in level of trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) on their own do not play dominant role in regulating redox status of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in leaves Arabidopsis thaliana
ADP-glucose is transported into plastid Zea mays
(ATBT2, BT2, AT3G48360) protein functions in amyloplast Zea mays
(AKIN10, KIN10, SnRK1, SnRK1α1, SNRK1.1, AT3G01090) (sucrose non-fermenting related kinase 1) is involved in control of starch synthesis
(GWD, GWD1, SEX1, SOP, SOP1, AT1G10760) mediated glucan phosphorylation is involved in starch synthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
(ELF3, PYK20, AT2G25930) mutants showed higher rate of starch accumulation in short photoperiods compared with long photoperiods Arabidopsis thaliana
SSIIIa mutation in the japonica background (ssIIIa / Waxy b) inhibits amylopectin synthesis
more than one ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) isoform functions in embryo and ovary Zea mays
Shrunken-2 (Sh2) is expressed in endosperm Zea mays
(ATBT2, BT2, AT3G48360) ;agpsemzm double mutant has embryo AGPase activity reduced by 50% via loss of agpsemzm function Zea mays
ovaries lacking the function of the small AGPase subunits known to be expressed in the leaf and embryo reduced total ovary starch content by approximately 70% Zea mays
endosperm starch cannot be reduced below 25% wild-type levels in double and triple mutant combinations when AGPase activity is approximately 1% of wild-type AGPase-independent starch synthesis Zea mays
residual activity was found in all combinations assayed Zea mays
trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) mediates sugar-induced increases in rate of starch synthesis via redox activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) Arabidopsis thaliana
increase in ratio of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) to orthophosphate (Pi) in chloroplast stroma stimulates starch synthesis via allosteric activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) Arabidopsis thaliana
AGPase transcript levels are higher in embryos of WH5557 Brassica napus
sucrose synthases of maize seed prefer UDP as substrate but can also use ADP as substrate and synthesize ADP-glucose Zea mays
loss of agpsemzm function leads to 50% reduction in AGPase activity Zea mays
agpslzm (LeafS) is expressed in leaf Zea mays
AGPase isoforms function in various tissues of maize Zea mays
other enzymes in endosperm can synthesize ADP-glucose Zea mays
(ATBT2, BT2, AT3G48360) protein functions in more than just endosperm Zea mays
loss of agpsemzm function does not totally abolish embryo AGPase activity Zea mays
small and large subunits of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) are expressed at abundant levels in maize leaf Zea mays