| abscission at later developmental stages |
involves |
chloroplast degradation |
Setaria viridis |
| ERF101 (ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 101) gene |
is clearly reduced in expression in |
coi2 mutants compared with WT plants after MeJA treatments |
Oryza sativa |
| itpa mutant plants |
show |
slightly earlier senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| other housekeeping genes |
show |
increased transcript abundance during senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| surprising decline in expression of several AM markers |
could indicate |
inception of symbiosis senescence |
Medicago truncatula |
| catabolism of K-3,7-di-R |
increases |
during developmental senescence |
|
| acbp3-2 |
did not exhibit |
delayed progression of senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NAP (ANAC098, ATCUC2, CUC2, AT5G53950) gene |
is clearly reduced in expression in |
coi2 mutants compared with WT plants after MeJA treatments |
Oryza sativa |
| proofreading of damaged metabolites |
is likely not as important in |
senescent plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| multiple protease genes |
were actively expressed in |
senescent leaves and nodules |
|
| SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE12 (AtSAG12, SAG12, AT5G45890) |
expression is up-regulated in |
old leaves of mutants supplemented with lowest nitrate level |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high degree of overlap between nodule and leaf senescence transcriptomes |
argues for |
recruitment of similar pathways |
Medicago truncatula |
| whole chloroplast degradation |
occurs via |
autophagy |
|
| itpa mutants |
show increased |
senescence at 8 weeks with approximately 50% less chlorophyll in oldest leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| regulatory and proteolytic processes |
suggests appearance of |
senescence-related processes |
|
| coi2 mutants |
remain green compared to |
other coi mutants and WT plants after MeJA treatment |
Oryza sativa |
| higher SA levels in itpa plants |
may present an explanation for |
early senescence phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| down-regulation of key cellular metabolic pathways and induction of gene classes related to remobilization |
is reminiscent of |
transcriptional changes described for senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| suppressor of (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) 1 (SMAX1, AT5G57710) mutant |
does not affect |
senescence phenotype of (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| coi2 mutants |
have much higher chlorophyll contents than |
WT plants after MeJA treatment |
Oryza sativa |
| plants with higher frequency of unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks |
show |
early senescence phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CaMV 35S promoter-driven MtPHR2 expression |
downregulates expression of |
MtCP3 |
Medicago truncatula |
| leaf senescence and nodule senescence |
are |
two comparable biological processes that share responsive genes |
|
| fucoxanthin in P. globosa |
declined when cells aged |
cell aging |
Phaeocystis globosa |
| incomplete resorption of nutrients by plants during senescence |
results in |
chemical composition and structure of presenesced leaves |
|
| degradation of chloroplast, chlorophyll, and chlorophyll-binding proteins in senescent leaves |
functionally corresponds to |
degradation of symbiosome, heme, and heme-binding proteins (mostly leghemoglobin) in senescent nodules |
|
| auxin signaling |
is upstream of |
chlorophyll breakdown and ROS generation |
Setaria viridis |
| Gene Ontology (GO) gene class "aging" |
becomes overrepresented in latter part of |
germination time course in micropylar and chalazal endosperm (MCE) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Haberlea rhodopensis |
shows no visible |
senescence symptoms |
Haberlea rhodopensis |
| (ANAC072, ANAC72, AtRD26, RD26, AT4G27410) |
positively regulates senescence by stimulating |
chlorophyll degradation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants with decreased expression of GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE2 |
display |
early onset of age- and dark-induced senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dark-induced leaf senescence (DILS) |
involves |
disintegration of chloroplasts |
Hordeum vulgare |
| xanthine accumulation |
could contribute to hastening of |
senescence phenotype in (ATXDH1, XDH1, AT4G34890) old leaves supplemented with low nitrogen |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| senescence symptoms |
are observed in |
rice |
Oryza sativa |
| early senescence |
is evidenced by |
enhanced bleaching |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutation of (ANAC029, ATNAP, NAP, AT1G69490) |
delays |
senescence symptoms |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AOX1D, AT1G32350) transcript level abundance |
is associated with |
senescence |
|
| Senescence-inducible chloroplast stay-green protein 2 |
shows three-fold induction in |
Os-LBD37/ASL39-overexpressor line RK16331–13 |
Oryza sativa |
| strength and duration of nutrient limitation |
determine whether |
senescence-related processes become dominant |
|
| NAC transcription factors |
have been shown to be positive regulators of |
DEVS |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC029, ATNAP, NAP, AT1G69490) inducible overexpression lines |
exhibit promoted |
silique senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| darkness |
induces |
(ANAC029, ATNAP, NAP, AT1G69490) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| abiotic stresses |
induce |
premature senescence |
angiosperms |
| (AtPIF4, PIF4, SRL2, AT2G43010) and (A-PUT2, bHLHb1, PIF5, PIL6, AT3G59060) |
are required for |
dark-induced senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| accumulation of ROS |
is important factor during |
senescence |
|
| (AtSWEET15, SAG29, SWEET15, AT5G13170) |
is involved in |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| K2 |
displays |
only 4% identical senescence-associated genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| senescence |
is controlled by |
multiple transcription factors and global epigenetic programming |
|
| (ATRAPTOR1B, RAPTOR1, RAPTOR1B, AT3G08850) plants |
exhibited |
delayed senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phloem sap feeders |
modulate |
senescence |
|
| mutations in (PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) and (A-PUT2, bHLHb1, PIF5, PIL6, AT3G59060) |
delay |
dark-induced senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| senescence-associated chlorophyll catabolites |
are not present in |
chlorotic (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) leaves |
|
| (ALN, ATALN, AT4G04955) and (AAH, ATAAH, AT4G20070) mutants |
display |
enhanced senescence symptoms relative to wild type under low-nitrate conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| senescing breeding line of barley |
shows |
senescence phenotype under terminal drought stress |
Hordeum vulgare |
| MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) |
functions in |
senescence pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC029, ATNAP, NAP, AT1G69490) null mutants |
exhibit delayed |
silique senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dark-induced leaf senescence (DILS) |
involves |
loss of chlorophyll |
Hordeum vulgare |
| loss of chlorophyll, decrease in photosynthesis, and nuclear DNA fragmentation |
together with |
gradual disintegration of chloroplast |
Hordeum vulgare |
| day 7 of dark-induced leaf senescence (DILS) |
was the point of no return when |
pigment loss, down-regulation of photosynthesis, and cell ultrastructure changes could not be reversed by re-exposure of plants to light |
Hordeum vulgare |
| transgenic plants overexpressing activated form of (CBNAC, NTL9, AT4G35580) |
up-regulate |
senescence-associated genes (SAGs) |
|
| induction of total Arabidopsis (TOR, AT1G50030) (AtTOR) silencing |
results in |
premature senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SWEET transporter proteins |
participate in |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC059, ATNAC3, NAC3, ORS1, AT3G29035) (ANAC092, ATNAC2, ATNAC6, NAC2, NAC6, ORE1, AT5G39610) and (ANAC029, ATNAP, NAP, AT1G69490) |
control senescence under |
severe nitrogen-limiting conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| low-nitrate-supplied mutants impaired in (ATXDH1, XDH1, AT4G34890) (ALN, ATALN, AT4G04955) or (AAH, ATAAH, AT4G20070) genes |
display |
similar senescence symptoms in older leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| stress-induced leaf senescence in barley |
occurs in |
two phases |
Hordeum vulgare |
| young plant tissues |
lack |
additional factors required for senescence-induced gene expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (VUP1, AT3G21710) OX plants |
exhibit |
extreme longevity of more than 10 months before senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| higher degradation rate of chloroplastic proteins |
such as Rubisco large subunit and D1, and enhanced remobilization of degradation product indicated by increased ATG8A and ATG5 cause |
premature senescence symptoms in older leaves of nitrate-starved (ATXDH1, XDH1, AT4G34890) plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtWRKY42, WRKY42, AT4G04450) |
activates expression of |
senescence-induced receptor-like kinase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorophyll degradation |
occurs as visible symptom of |
premature aging |
|
| chloroplasts but not mitochondria |
seem to play the regulatory role in |
Arabidopsis leaf senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CBNAC, NTL9, AT4G35580) or Ca2+/CaM binding to |
may positively regulate |
(AtSWEET15, SAG29, SWEET15, AT5G13170) |
|
| senescence processes |
include |
reserve metabolite mobilization |
|
| ANAC gene family |
regulation differs between |
DEVS, NuDIS, and senescence in quadruple mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC059, ATNAC3, NAC3, ORS1, AT3G29035) and (ANAC092, ATNAC2, ATNAC6, NAC2, NAC6, ORE1, AT5G39610) RNAi lines |
show stronger delay of senescence than |
respective T-DNA insertion mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| swirled thylakoid membranes and residual membrane patches |
presumably causing |
special nucleoid conformation |
|
| NuDIS |
is clearly differentiated from |
developmentally induced senescence (DEVS) |
|
| (ATNHL10, NHL10, YLS9, AT2G35980) (YELLOW-LEAF-SPECIFIC GENE 9) |
is |
ORS1-dependent up-regulated gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ors1-1 mutant |
shows approximately three-fold higher |
percentage of green leaves compared to control |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| UV-C irradiation in (AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) mutants |
manifests as |
hastened senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| application of 0.3 mM trans-2-nonenal |
resulted in similar damage symptoms in |
(AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) knockout mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DEVS |
involves |
lipid degradation |
|
| (ANAC059, ATNAC3, NAC3, ORS1, AT3G29035) |
is less strongly expressed in |
late-senescent accession N13 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| group 2 quadruple mutants |
match to |
82% (Q2;1) and 70% (Q3;2) of senescence-associated genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| senescence-associated genes |
show match of 70%, 63%, and 68% to |
N, P, and K nutrient starvation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DEVS |
involves |
free amino acid accumulation |
|
| induction of SAGs |
might reveal |
specific mechanisms in common between nutrient-induced secondary effects and DEVS |
|
| SAGs |
are overrepresented in |
transcriptome of quadruple mutants |
|
| (MERI-5, MERI5B, SEN4, XTH24, AT4G30270) |
is involved in |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nutrient depletion-induced senescence (NuDIS) |
displays wide overlap with |
developmental senescence (DEVS) |
|
| abscission of floral organs |
is |
senescence process |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ring-like nucleoid arrangement |
apparently linked to |
reorganization of thylakoid system during senescence |
|
| (ANAC059, ATNAC3, NAC3, ORS1, AT3G29035) |
triggers expression of |
senescence-associated genes (SAGs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| natural senescence and UV-C irradiation |
led to higher chlorophyll degradation in |
(AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) knockout mutants but not in (ABA2, ATABA2, ATSDR1, GIN1, ISI4, SDR1, SIS4, SRE1, AT1G52340) and nced3-2 mutants compared with wild-type (WT) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC059, ATNAC3, NAC3, ORS1, AT3G29035) RNAi lines |
show low |
(AtSAG12, SAG12, AT5G45890) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtSAG12, SAG12, AT5G45890) |
is under control of |
(ATWRKY53, WRKY53, AT4G23810) transcription factor |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| senescence |
is a finely tuned process modulated by |
hormonal and environmental inputs |
|
| pea plants bearing the alleles ar and n |
underwent full senescence only after |
further growth |
Pisum sativum |
| DEVS |
involves |
protein degradation |
|
| K-deficiency |
induces expression of |
senescence-related genes |
|
| (ANAC059, ATNAC3, NAC3, ORS1, AT3G29035) RNAi lines |
show significantly higher chlorophyll content in leaves no. 7 and 8 at |
40 days after sowing compared to EV lines |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CND41 |
is involved in |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NuDIS |
involves |
chlorophyll degradation |
|
| ANAC42 (ANAC042, AtJUB1, JUB1, NAC042, AT2G43000) |
is up-regulated in |
all mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC092, ATNAC2, ATNAC6, NAC2, NAC6, ORE1, AT5G39610) |
controls |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC059, ATNAC3, NAC3, ORS1, AT3G29035) and (ANAC092, ATNAC2, ATNAC6, NAC2, NAC6, ORE1, AT5G39610) NAC transcription factors |
control gene sets that only partly overlap |
senescence-associated genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| triacylglycerol (TAG) lipase |
has |
an important role in senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ectopic expression of Os- (ASL39, LBD37, AT5G67420) in Arabidopsis |
leads to |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorophyll degradation |
results in |
yellow-leaf phenotype |
Oryza sativa |
| DEVS |
involves |
chlorophyll degradation |
|
| ethylene |
regulates |
leaf senescence |
|
| downstream gene regulatory networks |
are governed by |
senescence transcription factors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC059, ATNAC3, NAC3, ORS1, AT3G29035) |
regulates fewer genes than |
(ANAC092, ATNAC2, ATNAC6, NAC2, NAC6, ORE1, AT5G39610) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| metabolome |
does not reflect |
developmental state of the cell |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduction of invertase (INV) expression and activity |
relates to |
senescence |
|
| ANAC92 (ANAC092, ATNAC2, ATNAC6, NAC2, NAC6, ORE1, AT5G39610) |
is not up-regulated in |
mutants and nutrient-starved plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Senescence-associated protein 24 |
is up-regulated in |
Os-LBD37/ASL39-overexpressor line RK16331–13 |
Oryza sativa |
| T-DNA insertion mutant of (CBNAC, NTL9, AT4G35580) |
slightly but reproducibly down-regulate |
senescence-associated genes (SAGs) |
|
| ORS1-up-regulated genes |
are previously shown to be up-regulated during |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| programmed cell death (PCD) at final stage of leaf senescence |
is typical symptom resulting from |
disintegration of plasma and vacuolar membranes |
|
| ANAC12 (ANAC012, AtSND1, NAC012, NST3, SND1, AT1G32770) |
is down-regulated in |
quadruple mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| jasmonic acid methyl ester (JAME) |
exhibits |
senescence-promoting effect |
|
| (ATWRKY45, WRKY45, AT3G01970) |
directly targets |
(AtSAG12, SAG12, AT5G45890) (SAG13, AT2G29350) (HAI1, SAG113, AT5G59220) and (MERI-5, MERI5B, SEN4, XTH24, AT4G30270) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| application of 3 mM benzaldehyde solution for 3 h |
revealed necrosis and chlorophyll degradation within 48 h in |
(AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) knockout mutant leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type (WT) leaves |
hardly showed damage symptoms compared with |
(AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) knockout mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) knockout mutants |
exhibited visible senescence symptoms in rosette leaves |
3 days after exposing 25-day-old plants to 150 mJ of UV-C irradiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| impairment in tomato (SIR, AT5G04590) expression |
resulted in |
accelerated yellowing of cotyledons |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (AtPIF4, PIF4, SRL2, AT2G43010) and (A-PUT2, bHLHb1, PIF5, PIL6, AT3G59060) |
activate expression of |
NAC transcription factor ORESARA1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| day 7 of dark-induced leaf senescence (DILS) |
was found to be |
the point of no return |
Hordeum vulgare |
| DcWRKY75 |
activates expression of |
Senescence associated genes (SAGs) |
Dianthus caryophyllus |
| DcSAG12 |
exhibits elevated expression with |
ethylene treatment |
|
| SG |
is |
heritable delayed foliar senescence |
|
| application of 3 mM benzaldehyde solution for 3 h |
showed wild-type (WT) hardly showed damage symptoms |
wild-type (WT) leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorophyll loss in cinnamaldehyde-treated (AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) knockout mutants |
is likely the consequence of |
acrolein and propionaldehyde increase as result of cinnamaldehyde application |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| petunia corollas at 72 h after pollination (72 P) |
are |
severely wilted |
Petunia×hybrida |
| vacuolar invertase |
had isoforms that were |
up-regulated during senescence |
Petunia×hybrida |
| early initiation of regulation senescence |
is illustrated by |
rapid development of flowers and pods |
Pisum sativum |
| sugar-induced senescence of source leaves |
may be signal of |
low nitrogen availability |
|
| carbon:nitrogen and hormonal balances of the plant |
lead to |
senescence |
|
| ors1-1 mutant |
infrequently shows more pronounced delay of senescence than |
anac092-1 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| maturation of reproductive floral organs |
is |
senescence process |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| UV-C-induced aldehydes accumulation and resulting senescence of siliques lacking aldehyde oxidase 4 (AAO4, AO4, ATAO-4, ATAO2, AT1G04580) |
prompted examination of |
effect of UV-C on (AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) knockout mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| WRKY transcription factors (TFs) |
are one of the most important regulators in |
senescence process |
|
| (AAO1, AO1, AOalpha, AT-AO1, ATAO, AtAO1, AT5G20960) and (AAO2, AO3, AOgamma, atAO-2, AtAO3, AT3G43600) knockout mutants |
exhibited absence of senescence symptoms in |
oldest rosette leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| carnation genome |
contains |
18 SAG genes |
|
| BnaNAC60 |
positively modulates |
leaf senescence |
Brassica napus |
| antisense suppression of LX RNase |
delays |
leaf senescence |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| senescence-associated genes (SAGs) |
includes |
827 genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| group 1 quadruple mutants |
show identical response in |
34% (Q2;2) and 39% (Q1;1) of senescence-associated genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| senescence-associated protein |
is similarly changed in |
transgenic plants and oxidative stress plant models |
|
| (ANAC059, ATNAC3, NAC3, ORS1, AT3G29035) |
is a novel senescence-regulatory |
transcription factor |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| senescence processes |
are developmentally pre-programmed to initiate and control |
senescence during reproductive growth |
|
| 35S:DcEIL3-1 transgenic plants |
show significant acceleration of |
flower senescence and abscission |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| enhanced concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) |
activate |
senescence-related cysteine protease |
|
| 35S:DcWRKY75 transgenic plants |
show significant acceleration of |
leaf senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type (WT) plants grown in agar plates containing 0.5 Murashige and Skoog (MS) media |
did not show senescence symptoms in rosette leaves of |
33 days post-germination (DPG) plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leaf cells during senescence |
carry out orderly changes in |
metabolism |
|
| H3K27me3 levels |
showed weak reduction in |
old leaves |
|
| perennial plants |
undergo |
more gradual senescence |
|
| (BFN1, ENDO1, AT1G11190) promoter activation |
shows good association with |
tissue senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MaSAG |
is |
senescence-associated molecular marker |
Musa acuminata; Brassica oleracea |
| application of 2 mM acetaldehyde for 3 h |
revealed significantly higher tissue damage and chlorophyll degradation in |
(AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) knockout mutants compared with wild-type (WT) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) knockout (KO) mutants |
exhibit |
premature senescence symptoms |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| application of 0.75 mM nonanal |
resulted in similar damage symptoms in |
(AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) knockout mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| toxic aldehyde level |
likely also contributed to |
enhanced tissue damage in mutant's leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| progressive loss of H3K27me3 marks |
was associated with |
transcriptional activation of SAGs |
human cells |
| PRC2 |
may participate in |
age-associated senescence |
|
| jasmonic acid (JA) |
is |
important signal for senescence |
|
| petal senescence |
is typically characterized by |
loss of fresh weight |
|
| developmental senescence in Alstroemeria |
has been shown to be |
almost completely ethylene independent |
Alstroemeria |
| unpollinated plants |
senescence did proceed even though |
it was delayed |
Spinacia oleracea |
| vernalization |
accelerated |
senescence in late-flowering lines with functional (FLA, FRI, RSB7, AT4G00650) and (AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6, AT5G10140) alleles |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TRV-DcWRKY75 silenced plants |
show delayed |
petal senescence |
|
| (AtSAG12, SAG12, AT5G45890) expression |
is much higher in |
35S:DcWRKY75 plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| six senescence-associated or stress-responsive NAC TFs |
were upregulated in |
autumn |
Picea abies |
| direct exposure to aldehydes |
results in |
damage and senescence phenotype in mutant rosette leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| STAY GRAY PROTEIN2 (SGN2) |
showed higher relative expression in |
(AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) knockout mutants than in wild-type (WT) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| many genes |
are induced during |
progress of leaf senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC092, ATNAC2, ATNAC6, NAC2, NAC6, ORE1, AT5G39610) (ORESARA1, ) |
is |
positive regulator of leaf senescence |
|
| significantly higher level of hexanal in (AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) knockout mutants compared with wild-type (WT) |
are attributed to |
significantly higher damage and lower remaining chlorophyll level in (AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) mutant leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HLB-induced physiological changes |
result in |
leaf senescence |
Citrus spp. |
| proanthocyanidin |
helps to combat |
aging |
|
| MADS box protein |
expression was high in buds at stage S1 and then again from stage S4 |
bimodal expression pattern |
Alstroemeria |
| pre-anthesis (sequential) leaf senescence |
progresses more slowly in |
low-GPC lines |
barley |
| co-silencing plants |
showed |
early senescence |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| genetic regulation of senescence |
most probably relies on |
only a few loci |
|
| stresses in leaves |
induce |
early onset of developmental senescence |
|
| silencing of Sl-EBF1 and Sl-EBF2 expression |
caused |
accelerated plant senescence |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| PhADF1 spot 50-10 |
was not detectable in |
unpollinated corollas (0 h to 72 h) or at 24 h after pollination |
Petunia×hybrida |
| diminution of leaves in inflorescence of spinach |
can be explained by |
shift in hormonal and nutrient balance |
Spinacia oleracea |
| apical senescence in peas |
can be explained by |
shift in hormonal and nutrient balance |
Pisum sativum |
| exogenous treatments with cytokinin |
may delay |
senescence of cut flowers |
|
| DcWRKY75 |
promotes |
flower senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| putative lipase/thioesterase |
is highly up-regulated in |
high-GPC germplasm |
barley |
| co-silenced plants |
show accelerated |
senescence |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (PhUGP) |
was |
senescence-specific protein |
Petunia×hybrida |
| glucose |
has been shown to cause induction of |
senescence-specific gene (AtSAG12, SAG12, AT5G45890) |
|
| leaf senescence |
proceeds |
basipetally |
|
| (ASP3, YLS4, AT5G11520) |
is involved in |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Senescence-inducible chloroplast stay-green protein 2 |
is up-regulated in |
Os-LBD37/ASL39-overexpressor line RK16331–13 |
Oryza sativa |
| (CBNAC, NTL9, AT4G35580) or Ca2+/CaM binding to |
may positively regulate |
(SAG13, AT2G29350) |
|
| phospholipase D ZmPLD1 |
is involved in |
floret abortion response |
Zea mays |
| tissue from senescent leaf material |
should contain no, very little, and/or heavily damaged DNA according to |
DNA |
|
| senescence |
involves decrease in |
photosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nuclease |
is |
senescence-induced catabolic enzyme |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| slow growth phenotype |
resembles |
pre-senescence state |
Daucus carota L. |
| stress treatments |
appear to accelerate |
processes associated with developmental senescence |
Alstroemeria |
| transcription factors associated with petal senescence |
have been identified in |
wallflower |
Erysimum |
| two leucine-rich repeat (LRR) transmembrane protein kinases |
are highly up-regulated in |
high-GPC germplasm |
barley |
| proteins in largest up-regulated subcluster |
represented |
senescence-specific proteins detected only in 48 P and 72 P corollas |
Petunia×hybrida |
| overproduction of cytokinins in petunia flowers transformed with PSAG12-IPT |
delays |
corolla senescence |
|
| identified modules |
integrated with leaf expression profiling in senescence stage to investigate |
module expression and coexpression patterns |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leaf cells during senescence |
carry out orderly changes in |
gene expression |
|
| (ANAC092, ATNAC2, ATNAC6, NAC2, NAC6, ORE1, AT5G39610) |
represses |
GOLDEN2-LIKE 2 (ATGLK2, GLK2, GPRI2, AT5G44190) expression |
|
| breakdown of chlorophylls |
leads to |
impaired photosynthesis |
|
| post-harvest stress |
accelerates |
petal wilting |
|
| petal senescence |
is typically characterized by |
turgor loss |
|
| metallothionein |
expression was up-regulated by stress treatments and |
increased in expression during developmental senescence |
Alstroemeria |
| senescence-associated transcripts |
normally only evident after stage S4 are switched on in |
petals that have the appearance of stage S2–S3 flowers |
Alstroemeria |
| decline in nitrogen fixation |
is often connected to |
briskly progressing senescence of leaves |
|
| developing seed crop |
fails to cause |
plant senescence and death |
Pisum sativum |
| genes encoding NAC transcription factors |
are frequently up-regulated |
during normal developmental petal senescence |
|
| chlorophyll degradation |
is induced by stress in leaves and parallels |
chlorophyll degradation during natural senescence |
|
| remobilization of nutrients |
previously associated with |
leaf and petal senescence |
|
| senescence |
occurs rapidly in |
floral tissues |
|
| senescence |
is controlled at |
post-transcriptional level |
|
| methionine synthase |
had isoforms that were |
down-regulated during senescence |
Petunia×hybrida |
| flower removal |
has been consistently misinterpreted as |
counter-example to nutrient drain hypothesis |
Spinacia oleracea |
| chlorophyll (Chl) content |
is |
physiological senescence marker |
|
| α-amylase |
is |
senescence-induced catabolic enzyme |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OGs and flg22 |
appear to initiate |
a senescence program |
|
| reactive oxygen species (ROS) |
have been shown to influence |
senescence in tobacco |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| zinc finger ( (AtZAT6, C2H2, CZF2, ZAT6, AT5G04340) type) family protein |
analysis by RT-PCR reveals |
bimodal expression pattern |
Alstroemeria |
| nucleases |
are involved in |
senescence |
|
| older leaves |
maintained some function for longer period of time in |
pistillate plants |
Spinacia oleracea |
| (AtMAD1, MAD1, NES1, AT5G49880) induction pattern |
was generally induced in |
both cotyledons and true leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| engineering of plants with different autophagic capacities |
would facilitate advances in comprehension of |
role of autophagy during leaf senescence |
|
| dismantling of the photosynthetic apparatus of leaf chloroplasts |
is |
hallmark of the senescence process |
|
| TaNPF6.2 |
transcript increased much earlier, already at |
3–4 weeks post-anthesis |
Triticum aestivum |
| characterized transcriptional regulators |
have shown overlap in expression between |
petal senescence and stress |
|
| actin depolymerizing factor 1 (PhADF1) |
had isoforms with |
opposite expression patterns |
Petunia×hybrida |
| floral initiation and leaf senescence of Arabidopsis accessions |
are linked |
Arabidopsis accessions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| senescence |
is most strongly induced by |
Flg22 at later time points |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold dehydration stress (72 h) |
reduces time to 50% tepal abscission by |
flower longevity |
|
| beta-ureidopropionase (PhBUP) |
was |
senescence-specific protein |
Petunia×hybrida |
| early shift to support reproductive process |
was apparently sufficient to lead to |
eventual senescence |
Spinacia oleracea |
| plant |
degrades |
leaf mesophyll cells |
|
| gene expression between developmental senescence and stress-induced senescence in petals |
is poorly characterized |
in any species |
|
| genes related to proteolysis |
expression was up-regulated by stress treatments and |
increased in expression during developmental senescence |
Alstroemeria |
| PhADF1 spot 50-10 |
was newly detected in |
senescing corollas at 48 h and 72 h after pollination |
Petunia×hybrida |
| PhADF2 spots (49-22 and 51-14) |
showed |
similar patterns to PhADF1 |
Petunia×hybrida |
| grain protein content (GPC) locus in barley |
strongly influences |
timing of post-anthesis flag leaf senescence |
Hordeum vulgare |
| initial senescence response |
activated |
(AtSAG12, SAG12, AT5G45890) promoter |
creeping bentgrass |
| selective stabilization of LHCII |
mainly contributes to |
non-functional stay-green phenotype |
|
| peroxisomal processes |
are involved in |
amino acid and lipid metabolism |
Hordeum vulgare |
| mitochondrial functions |
are mainly related to |
electron transport chain |
Hordeum vulgare |
| alternative oxidase |
participates in |
dissipating processes |
Hordeum vulgare |
| transcription factor families |
are conserved in |
senescence process across plant kingdom |
Hordeum vulgare; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| qRT-PCR experiment |
showed |
up-regulation of an additional 8–10 NAC genes |
Hordeum vulgare |
| 797 salinity-up-regulated genes |
are known |
developmental senescence-up-regulated genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RubiscoSSU relative expression |
showed reduction compared to |
anthesis |
Triticum aestivum |
| increased cytokinin levels |
delays |
senescence |
|
| petal senescence |
is typically characterized by |
changes in pigmentation |
|
| severely co-silenced plants |
display |
pale green spots |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ore14-1 mutation |
causes delay in |
stem senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Kunitz-type protease inhibitor family protein |
had isoforms that were |
up-regulated during senescence |
Petunia×hybrida |
| RECEPTOR FOR ACTIVATED C KINASE 1A (ATARCA, AtRACK1, RACK1A, RACK1A_AT, RACK1z, SAC53, AT1G18080) |
interacts with |
ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (AtEIN3, EIN3, AT3G20770) |
|
| ascorbate-deficient Arabidopsis mutant vitamin c-1 |
enters |
senescence prematurely |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcription factors associated with petal senescence |
have been identified in |
petunia |
Petunia |
| TCA cycle is significantly drained for N assimilation |
might constitute an additional factor in |
overstretching nodule activity and adding to emerging nodule senescence at pod formation |
|
| senescence-associated vacuoles (SAVs) |
are |
lytic compartments containing senescence-associated proteases |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| largest up-regulated subcluster |
included proteins with |
highest abundance at 48 and 72 h after pollination |
Petunia×hybrida |
| actin depolymerizing factor 2 (PhADF2) |
had isoforms with |
opposite expression patterns |
Petunia×hybrida |
| mechanical prevention of pod expansion |
delayed |
senescence of soybean |
Glycine max |
| senescence programme |
initiation occurs early in |
flowering period |
|
| abscisic acid (ABA) level issue |
did not play role in |
early senescence symptoms of (AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| senescing leaves |
are characterized by |
reduced levels of photosynthesis-related genes |
|
| nodulation |
accelerates decline in |
antioxidant capacity of leaves during senescence |
Pisum sativum |
| EST collection |
included genes relating to |
remobilization of nutrients |
Alstroemeria |
| one of GPC genes |
may be functional homologue of |
Arabidopsis glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 7 |
|
| (AtSAG12, SAG12, AT5G45890) expression |
is regulated in |
senescence-specific mode |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NAC family transcription factors |
are shown to be involved in |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transfer to darkness |
had no marked effect on senescence of |
GFP–AtAtg8f-HA plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genes related to remobilization |
expression was reduced by |
latest stage of senescence |
Alstroemeria |
| pathogenesis-related and stress-response proteins |
may protect tissues from |
pathogen attack or accumulation of damaging reactive oxygen species |
Petunia × hybrida |
| senescence programme |
allows |
mobilization of nutrients and metabolites from source to sink organs |
|
| senescence |
involves |
physiological, biochemical, and gene expression changes |
|
| amino acids deriving from Rubisco net degradation |
are transported to |
sinks |
|
| WRKY transcription factor family |
have been reported to have |
possible regulatory role in senescence |
|
| ethylene |
initiates |
senescence programme |
|
| delay in leaf yellowing in RNAi line |
suggests |
delayed degradation of chloroplasts |
|
| (ATWRKY6, WRKY6, AT1G62300) |
has been associated with |
senescence |
|
| genes encoding specific classes of transcription factors (NAC, MYB, MYC, MADS-box, WRKY, zinc finger) |
may play |
regulatory role |
|
| WRKY transcription factors |
are important in leaf senescence in |
monocotyledonous plants |
|
| low-GPC tetraploid or hexaploid germplasm |
has |
functional NAC transcription factor |
wheat |
| pistillate plants |
show yellowing and withering of |
lowest leaves |
|
| leaf senescence |
causes glutamine (Gln) to become |
predominant free amino acid in leaf and phloem extracts |
|
| some of the SAGs |
encode |
proteases |
|
| ABA-activated Sucrose non-fermenting 1-Related protein Kinases (SnRKs) |
have implication in activating |
Senescence associated genes (SAGs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| higher chlorophyll degradation in (AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) knockout mutants |
is not the result of |
water loss |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| senescence |
involves degradation of |
starches |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| induction of a senescence program |
is a common response to |
pathogen infection |
|
| genes whose expression changed following dehydration stress and between stages S0 and S5 |
included |
transcription factors and metallothioneins and armadillo domain protein |
|
| fewer genes down-regulated compared with up-regulated |
may be due to |
fewer genes being expressed at stage S0 relative to later developmental stages |
Alstroemeria |
| ethylene |
is considered as |
senescing hormone in plants |
|
| 1,4-benzoquinone reductase-like protein |
had isoforms that were |
up-regulated during senescence |
Petunia×hybrida |
| pistillate plants |
were mostly dead by |
week 8 |
|
| sugars |
are known to extend |
vase-life of flowers |
|
| banana fruit at 20 °C after 6 d ripening |
shows membrane permeability value of |
18% |
Musa acuminata |
| nitric oxide |
may differ in role between |
developmental senescence and stress-induced senescence |
|
| chloroplasts |
are dismantled in |
early phase of senescence |
|
| transcription factor genes |
includes |
MYB transcription factor genes |
Hordeum vulgare |
| conservation between Arabidopsis senescence processes and barley results |
suggests that |
visual senescence pathway map and expression data are likely representative for other cereals |
Hordeum vulgare; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| long-term (4 d), moderate (150mM) NaCl treatment |
induces |
leaf senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| β-oxidation |
is important during |
dark-induced senescence |
plants |
| physiological changes induced by stress in leaves |
parallel |
physiological changes during natural senescence |
|
| microarray analysis |
compared expression changes following stress treatments with |
developmental senescence (stage S0 to stage S5) |
|
| rate of cortical death |
was positively associated with |
root age |
Triticum aestivum |
| Sl-EBF1 and Sl-EBF2 |
are necessary for regulating |
senescence |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine:benzoic acid/salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (PhBSMT2) |
had isoforms with |
opposite expression patterns |
Petunia×hybrida |
| senescence-induced catabolic enzymes |
are targeted to |
secretory pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| adenine nucleotide translocator gene expression |
showed steady increase from |
stage S4 (early senescence) to stage S6 (mid to late senescence) |
|
| multiple spots representing a protein function |
had |
same pattern of either up- or down-regulation during corolla senescence |
Petunia×hybrida |
| leaves at senescence |
had adequate |
carbohydrate |
Spinacia oleracea |
| expression of senescence-promoting and senescence-retarding genes |
regulates |
active senescence process |
|
| ureides |
accumulate during |
senescence |
|
| bundle sheath cells |
participates in |
leaf senescence |
|
| molecular mechanisms governing senescence regulation |
are poorly understood |
senescence regulation |
|
| Rubisco |
is degraded by |
developmentally regulated cysteine endopeptidases and peptide hydrolases |
|
| carbon levels |
decrease during |
petal and leaf senescence |
|
| genes encoding phosphate transporter proteins |
have not been specifically reported in |
screens for senescence-enhanced genes in petals |
|
| AtPHT1;5 |
is up regulated during |
natural senescence of leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glutamate and glutamine |
typically become more available during |
leaf senescence |
|
| ARABIDOPSIS HOMOLOG OF TRITHORAX 1 (ATX1, SDG27, AT2G31650) |
promotes |
H3K4me3 enrichment at petal-senescence-inducing genes |
Dianthus caryophyllus L. |
| (EEP1, MIR164, MIR164C, AT5G27807) |
targets |
ORESARA 1 (ANAC092, ATNAC2, ATNAC6, NAC2, NAC6, ORE1, AT5G39610) |
|
| ambient dehydration stress (48 h) |
reduces time to 50% tepal abscission by |
flower longevity |
|
| genes whose expression was up-regulated by stress treatments |
would also increase in expression during |
developmental senescence |
Alstroemeria |
| early reallocation of phloem-transported fixed carbon to reproductive development |
can account for |
induction of senescence in vegetative tissues |
Spinacia oleracea |
| jasmonates |
are |
powerful promoters of plant senescence |
|
| cut tobacco flowers fed with sugars in MS media at stage 6 |
delayed senescence signs by |
about 1 day |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| 71 novel putative target genes of NAC transcription factors |
are |
presented |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (ANAC054, ATNAC1, CUC1, AT3G15170) and (ANAC098, ATCUC2, CUC2, AT5G53950) genes |
are required for |
age-dependent cell death |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| relative chlorophyll/senescence profile of SPAD analysis of middle part of leaf 2 |
indicates at least 50% senescence at |
6 weeks post-anthesis |
Triticum aestivum |
| higher-than-WT JA-Ile levels in Spodoptera-attacked (ACA10, ATACA10, CIF1, AT4G29900) (ACA12, AT3G63380) double mutant |
may relate to |
senescence rather than to increased jasmonate pathway signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| natural and dark-induced senescence |
share |
some symptoms and molecular components |
|
| free amino acids in wheat leaves with reduced sink capacity |
may be washed out in |
rain during late senescence |
Triticum aestivum |
| autophagy |
has primary role in |
bulk macromolecule degradation during senescence |
|
| Glu dehydrogenase [69] (GDH) |
is associated with |
senescence in plant tissues |
Triticum aestivum |
| leaf during senescence |
becomes |
source of mobilized carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and other minerals |
|
| banana fruit at 30 °C after 6 d ripening |
shows membrane permeability value of |
37% |
Musa acuminata |
| tobacco flowers |
may have senescence-related processes starting before |
anthesis |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| tobacco sepals after corolla abscission |
remained green |
|
Nicotiana tabacum |
| programmed cell death (PCD) |
fulfils essential function in |
senescence connected with reutilization of nutrients |
|
| (BFN1, ENDO1, AT1G11190) promoter |
pattern of induction was analyzed in |
Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increase in (BFN1, ENDO1, AT1G11190) promoter activity |
correlates with |
decrease in chlorophyll level |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| elevated Chl levels and photooxidative stress |
were associated with |
stay-green mutation in the Navel Negra citrus mutant |
Citrus sinensis |
| decreases in nucleic acid content |
accompany |
petal and leaf senescence |
petunia |
| stage 9 in tobacco flowers |
shows high metabolic activity probably due to |
carbon mobilization |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| GDH activity |
increased in |
wheat leaves post-anthesis |
Triticum aestivum |
| MDA content in banana peel |
shows similar trends during fruit ripening at |
both temperatures |
Musa acuminata |
| decrease in carbon levels during leaf senescence |
is unclear whether it is the result of |
C recycling or tissue respiration |
|
| Evans blue staining |
did not stain all cells in |
tobacco corolla at stage 9 |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| delayed senescence trait |
is linked to |
OC-1 transgene expression |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| ZEN1 |
was not expressed in |
leaf senescence |
Zinnia |
| genetically controlled senescence programme |
allows the plant to dismantle |
macromolecules and organelles from dying corollas |
|
| MaSAG expression in banana fruit at 20 °C |
shows slight increase at day 1 but lower levels at days 2–3 compared with |
banana fruit at 30 °C |
Musa acuminata |
| Constitutive overexpression of (AGL15, AT5G13790) |
delays |
flower senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| JA/ethylene pathway |
seems to participate in |
natural and dark-induced senescence |
|
| SA pathway |
plays a role in |
natural senescence |
|
| amino acids for remobilization |
are provided by |
proteolysis of leaf proteins |
|
| Cys endopeptidase [68] |
is associated with |
senescence in plant tissues |
Triticum aestivum |
| (BFN1, ENDO1, AT1G11190) gene transcript levels |
have been found to be induced during |
stem senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| delayed leaf senescence |
can be induced by |
altered hormone status |
|
| senescing leaves |
are characterized by |
reduced levels of chlorophyll |
|
| remobilization |
is associated in Alstroemeria and other systems with |
floral senescence |
Alstroemeria |
| overexpression of MADS box transcription factor |
delayed |
abscission |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene |
regulates |
leaf senescence |
|
| expression of flowering- and senescence-associated genes |
correlation was found between |
flowering- and senescence-associated genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plum PsERF2a and PsERF2b |
accumulate in |
flowers after fertilization |
Prunus salicina |
| some of the SAGs |
encode |
hydrolytic enzymes |
|
| regulatory mechanism |
activates BFN1 promoter at |
specific late stage of senescence process |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Solanum lycopersicum |
| canopy density signal |
regulates, at least in part, |
senescence |
|
| banana fruit at 30 °C at end of ripening |
shows 2-fold higher |
MDA content than fruit at 20 °C |
Musa acuminata |
| mannitol |
exerted intermediate effect between |
presence or absence of sugars |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (ATWRKY18, WRKY18, AT4G31800) |
expression is upregulated during |
leaf senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flower bud vigour decrease in C. albidus plants |
suggests |
symptoms of senescence at the whole-plant level |
|
| line '10_11' |
shows |
development and senescence phenotype |
Hordeum vulgare |
| nitrogen released during protein degradation |
is translocated in the form of |
amino acids |
Hordeum vulgare |
| NaCl treatment (150mM) for 4 d |
triggers |
leaf senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HvNAC001 |
was upregulated in |
senescing leaves from SN plots |
Hordeum vulgare |
| TaSAG12 expression |
increased eight-fold further with |
senescence |
Triticum aestivum |
| TaNAM-B1 expression |
showed earlier increase of expression |
compared to TaSAG12 |
Triticum aestivum |
| circadian clock |
is part of |
developmental programmes |
|
| proteases and nucleases |
are likely to be involved in |
macromolecule degradation during senescence |
|
| senescence-related genes |
regulate |
programmed cell death (PCD) |
|
| stay-green plants |
can be divided into |
functional and non-functional types |
|
| protease genes |
responsible for |
degradation of Rubisco |
|
| parallel up-regulation and dual targeting of PAPs and RNases |
was demonstrated in |
senescing tissues of both species |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Hakea prostrata |
| leaf senescence of harsh hakea and Arabidopsis |
was paralleled by pronounced induction of |
intracellular and cell wall-targeted APase and RNase activities |
|
| methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs) |
have been associated with |
senescence |
|
| exogenous sugars |
delay |
flower senescence |
|
| proteases |
are specifically induced during |
leaf senescence |
|
| glyoxylate pathway |
is probably part of |
anaplerotic pathways |
Hordeum vulgare |
| up-regulated transporter proteins |
include |
ZIP proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| banana fruit at 30 °C 3 d after treatment |
starts to display significantly higher |
MDA content |
Musa acuminata |
| MaSSU expression |
is high before ripening and markedly decreases with ripening process at |
both temperatures |
Musa acuminata |
| i1 (isocitrate lyase) and vpe3 (vacuolar processing enzyme 3) in sepals |
are greatly increased in |
stages 7 and 9 respectively |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| nitric oxide |
participates in |
senescence |
|
| chloroplastic (ATGSL1, GLN2, GS2, AT5G35630) gene |
shows |
strong down-regulation |
Hordeum vulgare |
| HvNAC013, -22, and -25 |
are |
up-regulated during late burst of degradation processes |
Hordeum vulgare |
| abscisic acid (ABA) |
is also known as |
hormone triggering senescence |
|
| HvWRKY12 |
was identified as upregulated during |
senescence |
Hordeum vulgare |
| elevated [CO2] |
delays senescence with marginal significance at |
R7 stage |
|
| abiotic or biotic stresses |
prematurely induce |
ethylene synthesis |
|
| faster decrease in Fv/Fm and faster increase in membrane permeability and MDA content in banana fruit at 30 °C |
strongly indicates |
high temperature accelerates fruit senescence process |
Musa acuminata |
| (PPDK, AT4G15530) (pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase) expression |
is enhanced in |
senescing broccoli florets |
Brassica oleracea |
| (PPDK, AT4G15530) (pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase) |
is not specifically induced at |
stage 7 |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| other transcripts, proteins, and metabolites at stage 9 |
are found at highest levels with remarkable increases in |
(AOX2, AT5G64210) and D1 protein |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| senescent leaves |
have |
high levels of anthocyanin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| photosystem II protein |
had isoforms with |
opposite expression patterns |
Petunia×hybrida |
| genes involved in remobilization |
are in keeping with |
primary function of the senescence programme |
Petunia × hybrida |
| macromolecule degradation during senescence |
is for |
nutrient re-allocation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genes related to remobilization |
expression was up-regulated by stress treatments and |
increased in expression during developmental senescence |
Alstroemeria |
| caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase |
had isoforms that were |
down-regulated during senescence |
Petunia×hybrida |
| (GGT1, AT4G39640) knockout mutants |
exhibits |
progressive senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hypusinated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (ATELF5A-1, EIF-5A, EIF5A, ELF5A-1, AT1G13950) |
plays a role in |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mild osmotic stress of 50 mM mannitol |
manifested enhanced senescence of older leaves in |
GFP–AtAtg8f-HA-expressing plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PLDα |
is involved in mediating |
ABA- and ethylene-dependent senescence of detached leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (BFN1, ENDO1, AT1G11190) |
function is probably required in |
latest stages of senescence process |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reactive oxygen species (ROS) |
impacts |
senescence processes |
|
| banana fruit at 30 °C after 6 d ripening |
shows Fv/Fm ratio decline to |
almost zero despite high chlorophyll level remaining |
Musa acuminata |
| (BFN1, ENDO1, AT1G11190) promoter |
pattern of induction was analyzed in |
tomato |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| senescence-enhanced genes |
encode |
catabolic enzymes |
|
| up-regulated transporter proteins |
include |
YSL proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcriptome analysis of leaves from plants undergoing different types of senescence |
revealed |
significant differences in gene expression profiles and signalling pathways |
|
| various SAGs |
exhibit differential expression in response to |
dark incubation |
|
| itpa background |
shows higher incidence of |
PCD during senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsCOI2 |
plays a dominant role in |
rice senescence |
Oryza sativa |
| lines or varieties with functional Gpc-1 genes |
demonstrate |
earlier senescence |
wheat; barley |
| glyoxylate pathway |
is probably not connected to |
gluconeogenesis |
Hordeum vulgare |
| HvNAC005, -23, -27, -29, and -30 |
show |
relatively early up-regulation |
Hordeum vulgare |
| model NACBSs |
could be detected in |
333 out of 1106 available promoter sequences of up-regulated genes |
Hordeum vulgare |
| >800 genes |
are distinctively up-regulated during |
senescence |
|
| (BFN1, ENDO1, AT1G11190) |
is associated with |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| photosynthetic capacity |
was quite stable in summer before |
autumn senescence |
|
| up-regulated transporter proteins |
include |
OPT proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inosine in RNA of older itpa plants |
indicates that problems may become more severe with |
age |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| damage to DNA and RNA by aberrant nucleotide incorporation |
may be the cause for |
earlier senescence and increased PCD rate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPSKR1, PSKR1, AT2G02220) mutants |
exhibit |
weak early senescence phenotype |
|
| (GGT1, AT4G39640) mutants |
show |
slight progressive senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtBCAT1 under darkness |
delays |
dark-induced senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genetic regulation of the complex senescence process |
is executed via |
spatial and temporary patterns of gene expression |
|
| (ANAC029, ATNAP, NAP, AT1G69490) |
regulates |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC059, ATNAC3, NAC3, ORS1, AT3G29035) |
regulates |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| carbon skeletons |
can be utilized in |
re-assimilation of nitrogen |
Hordeum vulgare |
| increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels |
promote |
leaf senescence |
Hordeum vulgare |
| stay-green mutants |
showed that in mutants with defect in |
chlorophyll catabolism pathway |
|
| TaNPF6.3 expression |
remained level until |
week 5 |
Triticum aestivum |
| H2O2 |
is generated during |
senescence |
|
| down-regulation of SAGs |
contributes to |
functional stay-green phenotype of (APG5, ATATG5, ATG5, AT5G17290) leaves under mild abiotic-stress conditions |
|
| analysis of genes coregulated/coexpressed across a series of experimental conditions with known senescence regulators |
basis for |
identification of additional regulatory genes |
|
| NaCl treatment (150mM) for 4 d |
induces expression of |
(AtSAG12, SAG12, AT5G45890) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cluster 14 |
includes |
1704 genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| senescence time series data |
is taken from |
Breeze et al. (2011) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proteases |
have been described to be associated with |
protein degradation during senescence |
Hordeum vulgare; Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa |
| senescing Arabidopsis leaves |
induce cell wall-targeted and vacuolar APase activity, which is primarily due to action of |
(ATPAP26, PAP26, PUP3, AT5G34850) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtWRKY22, WRKY22, AT4G01250) /29 |
expression is upregulated during |
leaf senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nitric oxide |
induces |
cotyledon senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| functional stay-green |
involves slow progression of |
senescence syndrome |
|
| 3867 differentially regulated genes |
shows overlap of ~700 genes with |
2927 genes from Jukanti et al. (2008) |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (HAI1, SAG113, AT5G59220) |
is specifically involved in |
control of water loss during leaf senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| three previously characterized cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and four novel putative CREs |
are probably involved in |
both types of senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| histone modifications |
occur during |
plant senescence |
|
| high nitrogen supply |
can diminish/suppress |
chlorophyll degradation |
Hordeum vulgare |
| harsh hakea proteoid roots |
have time interval from senescence initiation to death of |
5–7 days |
|
| RubiscoSSU |
is used as marker of |
senescence |
Triticum aestivum |
| NahG transgenic plants |
show |
reduced necrosis during developmental senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NAC-like genes |
have functions including regulation of |
senescence |
|
| (APG5, ATATG5, ATG5, AT5G17290) |
shows early leaf yellowing phenotype during |
dark-induced senescence |
|
| autophagic processes |
involved in |
plastidial protein degradation |
|
| dismantling of the photosynthetic apparatus of leaf chloroplasts |
results in degradation and conversion of |
plastidic proteins |
|
| accelerated senescence in wheat |
is due to the presence of |
NAC transcription factor gene |
Triticum aestivum |
| (ANAC092, ATNAC2, ATNAC6, NAC2, NAC6, ORE1, AT5G39610) |
regulates |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HvPAP14 |
was one of the most upregulated genes during |
development of flag leaves from SN field plots |
Hordeum vulgare |
| TaNPF7.2 |
post-anthesis relative expression levels were very similar with no change or only slightly increased transcript levels until |
5 weeks post-anthesis |
Triticum aestivum |
| transport pathway between maternal and filial tissues |
necessary to delineate |
nitrogen remobilization |
|
| transcription factor genes |
includes |
(bHLH, AT5G51780) transcription factor genes |
Hordeum vulgare |
| NaCl treatment (150mM) for 6h |
does not affect expression of |
(AtSAG12, SAG12, AT5G45890) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NAC transcription factors |
were shown to have high levels of expression in |
senescent leaves |
Hordeum vulgare; Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa |
| TaGS2 (plastidic protein localization) expression |
decreased as would be expected with |
increasing senescence |
Triticum aestivum |
| GFP–AtAtg8f-HA plants |
tended to be slightly greener than |
control plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genes associated with photosynthesis |
expression is repressed during |
senescence |
|
| promoters of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) |
retained |
senescence-specific expression in other plants |
|
| Line 2 with strongest transgene expression |
senesced |
early |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decrease in carbon levels during petal senescence |
is unclear whether it is the result of |
C recycling or tissue respiration |
|
| (ATPAD4, PAD4, AT3G52430) mutants |
show |
reduced necrosis during developmental senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression levels of four SAGs under strong abiotic-stress conditions |
were not significantly different in |
(APG5, ATATG5, ATG5, AT5G17290) leaves and wild-type leaves |
|
| engineering of plants with different autophagic capacities |
would facilitate advances in comprehension of |
role of autophagy during petal senescence |
|
| global alterations in chromatin structure |
occur during |
plant senescence |
|
| HvNAC001 |
was shown to have highest upregulation in |
senescent leaves from SN plots |
Hordeum vulgare |