| developmental changes |
could easily cause heterogeneity in phloem transport in seedlings depending on |
phloem connectivity |
|
| seedling phenotypes |
classified into |
three types: embryonic, partial embryonic, and normal |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KAR pathway |
controls |
mesocotyl elongation in the dark |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; Lotus japonicus; Brachypodium distachyon |
| young leaves |
begin to act as sources and supplement seedling growth during |
second week of development |
|
| (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) ∆CTH mutant |
exhibits longer hypocotyls under |
white light growth conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| coleoptilar nodes |
appear between |
4 to 6 days after germination |
Zea mays |
| carbohydrate supply, energy sensing, and phytohormone signaling |
are mechanistically linked during |
seedling emergence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC037, VND1, AT2G18060) (ANAC076, NAC076, VND2, AT4G36160) and (ANAC105, NAC105, VND3, AT5G66300) |
have physiological roles in the regulation of |
seedling development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutants with reduced oil storage |
often suffer |
reduced establishment |
|
| Arabidopsis lines mutated in lipases that catalyze the initial step of TAG breakdown |
arrested before their cotyledons opened fully |
cotyledon opening |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PFD3, AT5G49510) mutant |
showed |
slightly darker color |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| addition of a new sink (the first leaf) |
marks the beginning of the transition from |
a simple one-sink system to a more complex two-sink system |
|
| QK mutant seedlings |
have abnormal |
cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cost associated with leaf development |
accrues before |
leaf expansion |
|
| (KAI2, AT4G37470) and (D14, AT3G03990) |
can affect |
seedling growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| opening of cotyledons and petioles in Nps1 seedlings after 120 h of light exposure |
showed reduced curvature compared with |
wild-type and (FLA, FRI, RSB7, AT4G00650) mutant seedlings |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| μ2-YFP |
fully complemented |
μ2-1 mutant phenotype of dark-grown hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pUBQ:MAX2 D693K mutant |
exhibits longer hypocotyls under |
white light growth conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASG6, CRK2, AT1G70520) seedlings |
did not survive beyond |
three-leaf stage |
Zea mays |
| Nps1 |
showed slightly reduced |
cotyledon expansion under white light |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| increased lipid mobilization |
largely recovers |
seedling establishment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| m123-2 mutant |
showed differences compared to wild-type in response to ABA at later stages on |
seedling growth characterized by formation of true leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SMAX1, AT5G57710) expression |
is consistent with |
(SMAX1, AT5G57710) function at early stages |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| development of leaves |
occurred in |
series |
|
| gradual transition of new leaves from sink to source tissue |
can be visualized by |
tracking the movement of CF from cotyledons into developing leaves |
|
| sink-source transition |
occurred between |
day 9 and day 11 |
|
| first leaf transition to carbon source |
causes increase in |
seedling growth rate |
Cucumis sativus |
| Karrikins (KARs) |
have neutral or positive effects on |
cotyledon expansion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| young leaves |
begin to act as sources and supplement |
seedling growth |
|
| carbon assimilation in cotyledons |
remained stable during |
first week of development |
|
| average translocation area in each seedling |
did not change during |
first 2 weeks of development |
|
| timing of this transition |
is consistent with |
sink manipulation experiments |
|
| seedling physiology |
is critical to |
plant establishment |
|
| ethylene-induced formation of the apical hook in etiolated seedlings |
requires |
GA and auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| candidate genes |
are acting through |
pathways that contribute to variation in early-life seedling performance in common gardens |
Picea rubens |
| DG2 and PD1a with higher MGDG and DGDG |
produce |
healthy cotyledons |
|
| nicotinamide treatment |
has less severe effect on |
plant growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Mustard seedlings (Sinapis alba, L., var. Albatros) |
were grown under |
continuous illumination at 20°C and 60% humidity |
Sinapis alba |
| growth in the second true leaf |
is not initiated until after |
day 10 |
|
| apparent stability of transport after day 9 |
is not surprising considering that |
cucumber seedlings increase carbon fixation as they mature and become sink-limited adults |
Cucumis sativus |
| Karrikins (KARs) |
have positive effects on |
seedling vigor |
|
| (ILL2, AT5G56660) (IAR3, JR3, AT1G51760) (IBR3, AT3G06810) mutant |
has |
decreased apical hook curvature |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HFA or some derived degradation product |
may reduce |
establishment success for HFA-accumulating lines |
|
| DG2 and PD1a |
are more successful in establishing new plants than |
(cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) |
|
| reduced rate of HFA-TAG mobilization in (cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) |
can only further compound |
resource starvation under conditions where 51% of all TAG molecules were HFA-TAG |
|
| m123-2 mutant |
showed differences compared to wild-type in response to ABA at later stages on |
seedling growth characterized by expansion and greening of cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| time-lapse imaging of seedlings grown under white light |
revealed |
opening of both cotyledons and petiole was extremely delayed in the Nps1 seedlings |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (ABI4, ATABI4, GIN6, ISI3, SAN5, SIS5, SUN6, AT2G40220) loss-of-function mutant |
displays |
insensitivity to ABA in seedling development |
|
| (cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) |
contained 4 μg seed⁻¹ oil and 40% of the seeds attained |
opened cotyledons |
|
| (AtSAMS3, MAT4, MTO3, SAMS3, AT3G17390) seedlings |
were smaller than |
L119 seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings |
were grown at |
22°C temperature |
|
| seedlings subjected to oryzalin |
followed their developing program by |
cotyledon greening and opening |
Medicago truncatula |
| (PFD5, AT5G23290) mutant |
showed |
shorter hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (VQ29, AT4G37710) and (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) activity |
occurs during |
early seedling development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| post-germination growth and seedling establishment |
involves |
further increase in water uptake |
|
| Arabidopsis PROTEOLYSIS6 |
controls |
seedling establishment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PD1a seedlings |
show fully opened cotyledons of |
61.3% ± 1.82% |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| defect in seedling establishment |
can be rescued by |
exogenous sugars |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Col-0 |
was stratified and transferred as |
7-day-old seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ref8* cotyledons |
are less than half of |
wild-type cotyledon size |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of ZmDREB4.1 |
repressed |
hypocotyl elongation |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| max2-1 / abi3-8 double mutant |
displayed longer hypocotyls at young seedling stage and multiple branches at adult stage compared with |
wild type and abi3-8 and abi5-7 single mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMES17, MES17, AT3G10870) (IBR3, AT3G06810) mutant |
shows |
apical hook curvature |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATTPS1, TPS1, AT1G78580) loss-of-function mutants |
cause |
seedling developmental arrest |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| weak light condition |
causes |
retarded growth in wild-type and (ANAC037, VND1, AT2G18060) (ANAC076, NAC076, VND2, AT4G36160) (ANAC105, NAC105, VND3, AT5G66300) seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| m123-1 mutant |
showed differences compared to wild-type in response to ABA at later stages on |
seedling growth characterized by formation of true leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| disparity between seed oil content and successful cotyledon opening in (cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) and DG2 |
is evident |
in (cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) and DG2 |
|
| (ATZFP1, ZFP1, AT1G80730) overexpression |
reduces |
hypocotyl length of germinated seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABI3, AtABI3, SIS10, AT3G24650) plants |
exhibit premature expression of |
seedling traits |
|
| (ATR4, CYP83B1, RED1, RNT1, SUR2, AT4G31500) knockout plants |
exhibit |
hyponastic petioles |
|
| RING E3 ligase RING-H2 protein (RHA2A, AT1G15100) |
regulates |
early seedling development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| m123-2 mutant |
showed differences compared to wild-type in response to ABA at later stages on |
seedling growth characterized by root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transgenic Arabidopsis plants repressing both PNC genes |
led to |
arrested seedling growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) |
act as positive regulators of |
abscisic acid (ABA) signaling |
|
| AtNAP1-mediated chromatin remodeling |
appears to play |
more important roles in post-germination growth of seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CER9, SUD1, AT4G34100) mutant |
shows suppressed |
cotyledon greenness |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings germinated on noninducing medium |
then transferred to DEX containing medium after 5 d |
no growth retardation upon (AtROS1, DML1, ROS1, AT2G36490) and DEL activation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| DG2 seedlings |
show fully opened cotyledons of |
76% ± 1.49% |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) hypocotyls |
show 5.6-fold less |
length than (FAE1, KCS18, AT4G34520) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABX45, AS11, ATDGAT, AtDGAT1, DGAT1, RDS1, TAG1, AT2G19450) Arabidopsis mutant |
has |
25% reduction in establishment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Brachypodium distachyon shoots regenerated from transformed calli overexpressing BdTHX1 |
showed |
seedling-lethal phenotypes |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| seedlings |
grown for |
13 days |
|
| seeds soaked on water |
continued to develop normally |
normal seedling development |
Medicago truncatula |
| mutants with defective FA utilization through β-oxidation |
show arrested development before |
cotyledon opening |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| IAA derived by (ATMES17, MES17, AT3G10870) |
is less important for |
apical hook development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lower total oil |
likely plays a part in |
poor seedling development |
|
| m123-2 mutant seedlings |
are more resistant compared to wild-type seedlings to |
inhibition of expansion and greening of cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ZFP3, AT5G25160) ectopic expression in Col-0 background |
produces |
seedlings with short hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| prunasin content |
is insignificant in |
young 1-week-old seedlings |
Eucalyptus cladocalyx |
| pectic arabinose levels |
decline sharply during |
germination |
Hordeum vulgare |
| μ2-1 seedlings |
had etiolated |
hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPDX1.1, PDX1.1, AT2G38230) mutant |
does not show |
epinastic cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) seedlings |
show 2.8-fold decrease in |
seedlings with two true leaves compared to (FAE1, KCS18, AT4G34520) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings |
grown in |
darkness |
|
| further increases in acyltransferase expression |
may affect |
establishment success of DG2 and PD1a |
|
| (cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) line |
atrophies during |
transition to photoautotrophic growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings |
grown under |
continuous white light |
|
| TE-2-6b plantlets at early stages |
have |
epinastic primary leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reserved nutrients |
would last until |
true leaves emerged during postembryonic development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rate of TAG mobilization |
can play a more important role in |
establishment |
|
| seed-to-seedling transition |
is driven by |
hypocotyl cell elongation |
|
| conclusions from this study |
predict that gains in establishment would slow or even be reversed |
as HFA proportions increase |
|
| seedlings subjected to oryzalin |
followed their developing program by |
hypocotyl rising |
Medicago truncatula |
| loss of function of (AtbZIP1, bZIP1, AT5G49450) |
causes changes in |
rates of early seedling establishment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings grown on inhibitor-soaked petriplates |
grown under |
white light |
Lycopersicon esculentum |
| ethylene |
regulates |
seedling morphology |
|
| (ATMBAC1, BAC1, MBAC1, AT2G33820) |
is highly abundant during |
early seedling growth |
Arabidopsis |
| wild-type tomato seedlings |
grown at temperature of |
25 ± 2°C |
Lycopersicon esculentum |
| transient pale cotyledon phenotype |
was ameliorated by |
day 10 after sowing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (IBR1, SDRA, AT4G05530) (IBR3, AT3G06810) (ATECI2, ECHIB, ECI2, IBR10, PEC12, AT4G14430) (ATECH2, ECH2, AT1G76150) and higher-order combinations of these mutants |
illuminates diverse roles for |
IBA-derived IAA in seedling development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PG45, PGA4, AT1G02790) plants |
have reduced |
hypocotyl length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35Spro–MIR171c mutant plants |
have greener |
cotyledons and stems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutant collection |
opens the door to |
global analysis of photosynthesis and early seedling development |
Setaria viridis |
| (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) mutants |
show gradual chlorosis at |
two-leaf stage |
Oryza sativa |
| pPLA inhibitors |
suppressed elongation in |
etiolated seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| atfh8-1 mutant |
used in |
plant growth and seedling development experiments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TE-2-6b plantlets at early stages |
are smaller than |
Col-0 plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) plants treated with 2% glucose |
grew to |
four-leaf stage |
Oryza sativa |
| upregulation of (AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) along with other ETRs |
may have bearing on |
ethylene-regulated seedling development |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| seedlings |
grown in |
growth cabinet |
Triticum aestivum |
| Mutation of OsCUC3 in osnam-1 |
resulted in abnormal leaf phenotype appearing in |
three-leaf seedling stage |
Oryza sativa |
| sucrose synthase activity |
is less dependent on than |
root length and hypocotyl length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| atfh8-2 mutant |
used in |
plant growth and seedling development experiments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCD1, ACN2, AtABCD1, CTS, PED3, PXA1, AT4G39850) mutants |
require |
exogenous fixed carbon to fuel seedling growth prior to establishment of photosynthesis |
|
| tissues and cell types |
become |
seedling |
|
| induction of (AtDGAT2, DGAT2, AT3G51520) in seedling tissues |
is first time reported in |
seedling tissues |
Olea europaea |
| (ATR4, CYP83B1, RED1, RNT1, SUR2, AT4G31500) knockout plants |
exhibit |
epinastic cotyledons |
|
| sucrose |
is in high demand after |
germination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| brassinosteroids (BRs) |
regulate |
hypocotyl elongation |
|
| ref8* gir1-1 cotyledons |
are initially similar to |
wild-type cotyledon size |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osnam oscuc3 line |
leaf appeared in |
three early leaves |
Oryza sativa |
| AtplaIVC-1 mutants |
had longer |
hypocotyls than wild-type plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCAND1, CAND1, ETA2, HVE, TIP120, AT2G02560) mutants at seedling stage |
grow normally compared to |
wild-type plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Sv-cfm1 mutant plants |
dies |
10–12 days after planting |
Setaria italica |
| (APTG1, AT5G14850) |
is required for |
seedling growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phenotypes of (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) single mutant |
are similar to |
phenotypes of max2-1/abi3-8 and max2-1/abi5-7 double mutants under continuous white light |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ZFP6, AT1G67030) overexpression |
results in |
shorter hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
is required for |
apical hook initiation and maintenance in etiolated seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| oil levels |
do not synchronize with |
proportion of fully opened cotyledons |
|
| examination of possible translational regulation of (OBP3, AT3G55370) |
would be of interest during |
early post-embryonic developmental stages |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant models |
are used to investigate |
seedling development defects |
|
| BR (brassinosteroid) |
has role in |
apical hook formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transgenic lines |
were germinated on |
synthetic medium (1/2 MS plus 1% sucrose) supplemented with 2 μM BRZ |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| soluble sugars |
are utilized as |
carbon and energy sources for shoot and root apical meristems |
Oryza sativa |
| No (WT) seedlings |
were grown in |
0.5 MS liquid medium supplemented with 1% saccharose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Sv-cfm1 mutant |
is |
seedling-lethal |
Setaria italica |
| strigolactones (SLs) |
inhibit |
hypocotyl elongation |
|
| S-CN-deb |
is less active than |
GR24 5DS regarding hypocotyl inhibition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| differentially regulated proteins |
are linked to |
seedling architecture |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATHKL1, HKL1, AT1G50460) |
affects |
seedling growth responses to glucose (glc) and auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATR4, CYP83B1, RED1, RNT1, SUR2, AT4G31500) knockout plants |
exhibit |
extended hypocotyls |
|
| decrease in lipid levels, notably TGs, with seedling growth |
corroborates |
observations in previous studies reporting rapid reduction in TG levels and total lipids during seedling growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flooding |
inhibits |
seedling establishment |
|
| pOp-ipt transgenic lines 11 and 13 |
show dose-dependent inhibition of |
hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DEX concentration of 0.25 μM |
produces maximal reduction in hypocotyl length in |
line 11 seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| coronatine (COR) (10 nM and 100 nM) |
induces severe reduction in |
hypocotyl and root growth |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| switch to photoautotrophic growth |
depends on |
available lipid reserves, light conditions, and chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| syd-5 brm-3 double mutant |
have defects on |
cotyledon separation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cotyledons of 24-kDa oleosin knockdown plant |
do not re-green and abscise |
normal post-germination development |
Glycine max |
| timing of germination |
contributes to |
successful seedling establishment |
|
| AgNO3 |
significantly decreases |
BRP effects on apical hook |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| both DGAT genes |
were expressed in |
all seedling organs examined |
Olea europaea |
| seedlings |
exposed to |
compound during entire growth period |
|
| BL (brassinolactone) |
partially suppresses |
enhanced apical hook phenotype of BRP-treated plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SPT, AT4G36930) expression |
occurs in |
hypocotyl of germinating seedling |
|
| (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) mutants |
begin to rapidly desiccate and die at |
three-leaf stage |
Oryza sativa |
| BR-deficient plants |
show lack of |
apical hook formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1 μM BRZ and 5 μM ACC combination |
yields similar phenotypes as |
40 μM BRP treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sueN mutants |
were able to continue to grow after |
cotyledon stage on sulphur-free medium |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EFO2, RUP2, AT5G23730) overexpression |
results in |
enhanced hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression |
present in |
underlying cells of the rib zone and peripheral zone |
Medicago truncatula |
| severe deficiency in chlorophylls and carotenoids |
causes |
premature lethality |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| isobutanol treatment |
does not visibly affect |
broccoli seedling growth and development |
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra |
| (SGB1, AT1G79820) mutant |
exhibited |
open hooks |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EFO2, RUP2, AT5G23730) overexpression |
promotes |
hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bes1-D single mutant |
were less sensitive to |
ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) in hypocotyl inhibition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cross-talk between ethylene and auxin |
is important for |
hypocotyls elongation |
|
| (SGB1, AT1G79820) mutant |
exhibited |
shorter hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| both genes |
were down-regulated in |
actively dividing cells like shoot tips and young seedling roots |
Olea europaea |
| seed storage proteins (SSPs) |
provide |
carbon resources for seedling development |
|
| partially closed cotyledons response |
was dependent on |
PIF activity |
|
| BR and ethylene |
have complex interaction |
seedling development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ct-2, ct-5 and ct-9 knockout mutants |
show similar phenotypes to |
wild type Col-0 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HCC1, AT3G08950) promoter-gus fusion |
shows expression in |
root and shoot apical meristems, cotyledon tips, and nascent secondary roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AgNO3 |
partially reverses |
BRP inhibition of hypocotyl length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BRZ treatment |
causes lack of |
apical hook formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ein2-1 mutant |
has little effect on |
hypocotyl length on BRZ |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| immunocytochemical studies |
were performed separately in |
hooks, epicotyls, and roots |
Cicer arietinum |
| brassinosteroid (BR) and glucose (Glc) |
have been shown to modulate |
hypocotyl directional growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcriptional analysis in Arabidopsis seedlings |
revealed high mRNA levels of |
type-1 DGAT during post-embryonic stages in cotyledons and hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings |
grown at |
24°C in complete darkness |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BRP |
causes |
exaggerated apical hooks |
|
| cotyledons of emerging seedling of 24-kDa oleosin knockdown |
open as in |
control wild-type |
Glycine max |
| sueN mutants |
showed |
emergence of two to three pairs of true leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EFO1, RUP1, AT5G52250) overexpression |
promotes |
hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ltp5-1 seedlings |
had hypocotyls significantly shorter than |
wild-type and ltp5-1/+ seedlings in dark conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGB1, ATAGB1, ELK4, AT4G34460) mutant |
exhibited |
shorter hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Pro35S:CaUBP12 plants |
show enhanced ABA sensitivity as measured by |
seedling establishment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flu mutants expressing truncated FLU derivatives |
grew at rates similar to |
WT and flu seedlings under constant light conditions |
|
| ACC treatment (1 μM) in dark |
reduces |
hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Atscp2-1 plants |
are dependent on exogenous carbon source to avoid |
delayed seedling establishment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| brassinosteroid (BR) and ethylene |
have overlapping functions in |
hypocotyl elongation |
|
| ectopic (SPT, AT4G36930) expression |
results in |
smaller cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis double mutant (ATMEK4, ATMKK4, MKK4, AT1G51660) (ATMAP2K_ALPHA, ATMEK5, ATMKK5, MAP2K_A, MEK5, MKK5, AT3G21220) |
is |
seedling lethal |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi |
is linked to |
successful seedling development |
|
| wild-type seedlings |
show no significant effect on hypocotyl length when treated with |
DEX at highest concentrations |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| salt gradient screen |
is limited to |
young seedling stages of wheat and other grain cereals |
|
| extracellular invertase LIN6 |
provides carbohydrates to sustain |
heterotrophic growth |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| brassinopride (BRP) |
causes |
exaggerated apical hooks |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bzr1-1D;bes1-D double mutant |
were less sensitive to |
ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) in hypocotyl inhibition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hkl1-1 seedlings |
had |
40% increase in hypocotyl length relative to Col-0 seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pOsNAM::GUS transgenic plants |
show GUS signal in |
seedlings |
Oryza sativa |
| (PGX1, AT3G26610) and (PGX2, AT1G78400) overexpression lines |
have |
excess growth of hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Ccrboh expression in roots |
shows |
7-fold induction in older seedlings |
Citrullus colocynthis |
| seed storage proteins (SSPs) |
provide |
sulphur resources for seedling development |
|
| BRZ (brassinazole) and ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) |
have additive effects on |
hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type seeds after 7 days of growth |
have started to extend |
hypocotyl and apical axis to form primary leaves |
Glycine max |
| cotyledons of wild-type seed |
re-green and remain attached to seedling for |
more than 2 weeks |
Glycine max |
| seedling shoots |
were harvested at |
four-leaf stage |
Oryza sativa |
| ethylene |
causes enhanced |
apical hook formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GhADF8 gene |
is at relatively high levels in |
cotyledons |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| hhp1-1 mutant |
shows reduced cotyledon greening compared to |
wild-type (WT) and complemented-hhp1-1 (c-hhp1-1) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| repression of invertase at the seedling stage |
interferes with |
development |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| double mutants combining (AVB1, IFL, IFL1, REV, AT5G60690) with 26S proteasome mutant (AE3, ATHMOV34, RPN8A, AT5G05780) |
resulted in |
almost all plants arresting at the seedling stages |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hsc70-2 (ATHSP70, HSC70-4, HSP70, HSP70-4, AT3G12580) double mutant |
is |
seedling lethal |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| low night temperature treatments |
reduce |
hypocotyl length |
Cucumis sativus |
| (EAT, MIR172, MIR172B, AT5G04275) in shoot apex |
was present at nearly constant level from |
6 to 12 days after planting |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| abscisic acid (ABA) response |
appears to be required for |
etiolated development |
|
| cotyledons |
showed |
strong GUS staining throughout the vascular tissue |
Medicago truncatula |
| seedling growth |
was monitored over |
21 d |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| prSERK1::GUS expression |
visualized through |
seedling development |
|
| (ATRBX1, HRT1, RBX1, ROC1, AT5G20570) -1D and partial loss-of-function alleles |
show opposite effects for |
cotyledon expansion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| developing seedlings |
devote nutritional reserves almost exclusively to |
hypocotyl extension |
|
| tissue 1–2 mm behind the root apical meristem |
showed |
GUS expression in the cortical and epidermal cells |
Medicago truncatula |
| developmental delay observed in (GUN1, AT2G31400) seedlings at 54 h |
was transient |
|
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TaSnRK2.7 transgenic Arabidopsis |
showed no evident difference in |
seedling size |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Mn deficiency phenotype |
is evident at |
seedling stage |
|
| GUS |
was also strong in |
vascular tissue immediately below the shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Medicago truncatula |
| transient increase in LHCB1 and RBCS transcripts |
is similar to |
transient increase in early development of dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rack1 single and double mutants |
could germinate and develop into |
green seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bzr1-1D;bes1-D double mutant |
were not only insensitive to |
BRP |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fft-1 mutant seedlings |
grew and matured more quickly than |
WT seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GUS staining |
only observed in |
vascular tissue |
Medicago truncatula |
| gin2-1 seedlings |
average hypocotyl length was about |
45% less than Ler seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sucrose |
is known to inhibit |
early seedling development in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pSAG:GUS transgenic plants |
show weak GUS staining in |
4- to 7-d-old seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Starch stored in the endosperm |
fulfils this role |
energy source during seedling establishment |
Hordeum vulgare |
| SAM-defective ae4-1 rev-6 plants |
included those where SAM was terminated and |
whole seedling was arrested |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lincomycin |
enhances cotyledon expansion in |
(GUN1, AT2G31400) seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| absence of functional (GUN1, AT2G31400) |
results in |
alterations in early seedling development and altered sensitivity to sucrose and ABA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN1, AT2G31400) seedlings grown in presence of sucrose for 54 h |
had only 54% at |
hypocotyl and cotyledon emergence stage (0.7) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sucrose |
perturbed |
(GUN1, AT2G31400) seedling development at each growth stage |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SD-grown green seedlings exposed to an EOD-FRp |
might experience |
partial reversal to the etiolated state |
|
| (AtPLT1, PLT1, AT3G20840) (PLT2, AT1G51190) /+ (AIL6, PLT3, AT5G10510) (BBM, PLT4, AT5G17430) mutant |
sometimes lacks |
hypocotyl |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| kaempferol addition |
did not affect |
hypocotyl length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| quercetin addition |
did not affect |
hypocotyl length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35S::KAT5.2 transgene |
rescued |
seedling establishment in absence of exogenous sucrose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtSAG |
is |
important negative regulator of ABA signalling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sugar sensitivity of (GUN1, AT2G31400) seedlings |
changes during |
development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| triple response of dark-grown seedlings to ethylene |
is defined by inhibition of |
hypocotyl elongation |
|
| ethylene reduction of BR action |
inhibits |
hypocotyl elongation |
|
| ethylene |
causes |
triple response phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transgenic lines |
were grown under |
16-h light/8-h dark long day growth condition at 22°C for 2 weeks |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 24-kDa oleosin knockdown seedling growth |
proceeds with embryo continuing to slowly elongate and differentiate while |
cotyledon appears to be static and unchanging |
Glycine max |
| bm2-bm3-bm4 seedlings |
combination of mutations appears to arrest growth prior to |
seedling emergence |
|
| specific XTHs involvement in meristematic tissue differentiation and vascular development |
points to |
involvement of XTHs in seedling growth |
|
| HcAlkIN1 and HcSUS1 |
have important roles in |
establishment of seedlings of Hymenaea courbaril |
Hymenaea courbaril |
| (AtTT8, BHLH42, TT8, AT4G09820) mutant seedlings |
had longer petioles |
petiole length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings of Hymenaea courbaril |
are usually quite large |
30–40 cm tall |
Hymenaea courbaril |
| misexpression of embryonic characteristics |
results in |
arrested seedling development |
|
| progesterone (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione; PO) |
influences |
hypocotyl elongation |
|
| wild-type and (REM11, VAL, AT5G60140) single mutant seedlings rescued early in seed development (7–10 DAF) |
observed |
nongreen and abnormal growth phenotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FAR1, AT5G22500) mutant |
is hyposensitive to |
ABA-mediated seedling greening |
|
| AtSAG overexpression line (OX2) |
exhibits decreased sensitivity to |
abscisic acid (ABA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| best haplotype of glutamine synthetase gene |
conferred |
superior seedling growth |
Triticum aestivum |
| bilateral symmetry in just germinated seedlings |
is evidenced by |
two symmetrically located cotyledons and shoot apical meristem (SAM) between cotyledons |
|
| germinated seedlings treated with 3,4-DHP |
display |
various defects in cotyledons |
|
| abi3-12 mutation |
suppresses |
(AGD1, VAL1, AT5G61980) (HSI2-L1, HSL1, VAL2, AT4G32010) seedling phenotype |
|
| (AtHDA7, HDA7, AT5G35600) up-regulation |
leads to |
delay of growth in postgermination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCLE6, CLE6, AT2G31085) transcript |
accumulates at highest level during |
early seedling stage |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| epidermal cell fate specification |
is critical for |
post-germination survival |
|
| (ATSIZ1, SIZ1, AT5G60410) loss-of-function mutants |
show significantly reduced |
cotyledon growth rate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| peroxisome dysfunction |
confers |
seedling growth defects |
plants |
| wild type oil bodies |
are rapidly consumed following |
germination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMIN7, BEN1, BIG5, MIN7, AT3G43300) mutant hypocotyls |
were shorter than |
wild-type hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gibberellins (GA) |
growth promotion was limited primarily to |
early time points before cotyledons fully open |
|
| Z-carlactone (Z-CL) |
inhibited |
hypocotyl elongation in wild-type seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| changes in phloem physiology |
impact |
growth and allocation |
Cucumis sativus |
| (SMAX1, AT5G57710) (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) seedlings |
suppressed increased length and upward orientation of cotyledonary petioles in |
(AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cotyledonary petiole growth |
was restored to wild-type phenotypes in |
(SMAX1, AT5G57710) (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| weak (112A-2A, EMB30, GN, GNOM, MIZ2, VAN7, AT1G13980) mutants |
produce |
viable seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ABA-dependent proline accumulation |
occurs during |
post-germinative growth |
Medicago truncatula |
| (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) promoter |
exhibits expression in |
vascular tissue of cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) seedlings without sucrose |
show growth arrest apparent |
2 days after germination |
|
| Ccrboh gene |
reaches high mRNA transcript levels at |
3 days after germination |
Citrullus colocynthis |
| wild-type seedlings |
had 80% at stage of |
cotyledon emergence in 9-d-old seedlings grown on 0.5 μM ABA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SD-grown wild-type (WT) seedlings exposed to an EOD-FRp |
displayed |
partially closed cotyledons typical of etiolated seedlings |
|
| hydrolytic cleavage of sucrose |
provides substrate to sustain |
heterotrophic growth |
|
| cell elongation |
is one of main events taking place in |
hypocotyl |
Hymenaea courbaril |
| bak1-4 bkk1-1 double mutant |
showed |
seedling-lethality phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35S::miR164b lines |
show |
occasional cotyledon separation defects |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SPATULA (SPT, AT4G36930) |
acts as regulator of |
cotyledon expansion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants |
must respond to |
light and nutrients |
|
| effect of sucrose on seedling development |
was greater with |
(GUN1, AT2G31400) than with wild-type seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cotyledon expansion |
and anthocyanin accumulation are |
co-ordinately regulated |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seed germination and early seedling development |
are hypersensitive to |
sucrose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sucrose rescue of (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) seedlings |
but not |
(PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) seedling rescue |
|
| (EAT, MIR172, MIR172B, AT5G04275) |
increased approximately 2-fold from |
1 to 3 weeks after planting under SD conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| germinating seedlings |
determine |
timing of development |
|
| CaMV35S::PapsFIL seedlings |
showed |
different seedling phenotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shared transcriptional network |
drives |
common downstream facets of morphogenesis such as hypocotyl growth |
|
| growth arrest in (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) seedlings |
results in |
early seedling lethality |
|
| sag mutant |
exhibits increased sensitivity to |
abscisic acid (ABA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| protein hydrolysis |
plays important role during |
post-germination seedling establishment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATRING1A, RING1A, AT5G44280) −/− (AtBMI1B, ATDRIP1, AtRING1B, DRIP1, AT1G06770) −/− (AtLHP1, LHP1, TFL2, AT5G17690) −/− triple mutant |
has |
tiny and sessile cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Dunghan Shali cultivar |
is known to have |
strong seedling vigor compared with Hitomebore |
Oryza sativa |
| brassinosteroids (BRs) |
promoted |
hypocotyl growth |
|
| (FRO1, NDUFS4, AT5G67590) mutants |
show |
sugar-sensitive establishment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) mutant |
displays |
lack of SAM activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lack of SAM activity |
prevents |
growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Z-carlactone (Z-CL) |
was inactive in |
all genotypes at 1 μm concentration |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GR24 |
inhibited |
hypocotyl elongation in Atd14 and (KAI2, AT4G37470) seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SlJMJ23-OE transgenic Arabidopsis plants |
have sensitivity during |
post-germination stage |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMYC2, JAI1, JIN1, MYC2, RD22BP1, ZBF1, AT1G32640) mutant |
shows promoter activity of GATA-NOS101 similar to |
wild-type in blue light and dark grown seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (APEM9, DAU, DAYU, PEX26, AT3G10572) mutants |
display |
defects in growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| orchid seedlings |
are entirely dependent on |
fungi |
|
| (ATHKL1, HKL1, AT1G50460) |
was |
negative regulator of seedling growth when expressed in WT background |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased temperature |
strongly influenced |
seedling growth |
Pinus sylvestris |
| cts-1 mutant |
is impaired in |
seedling establishment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) promoter |
exhibits expression in |
developing cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hypocotyl of young seedlings |
might be embedded almost entirely underground when |
cotyledons first perceive light at the soil surface |
|
| hypocotyl of older seedlings |
might be self-shaded by |
cotyledons |
|
| DG2 |
contained 7 μg seed⁻¹ oil and opened 76% of their cotyledons |
seed oil content and cotyledon opening |
|
| diphenyl methylphosphonate treatment preventing oil body breakdown |
resulted in TAG retained in seedlings that became |
chlorotic and only partially opened cotyledons |
|
| higher rate of mobilization for DG2 and PD1a |
would greatly augment |
resources for the developing seedling |
|
| DG2 and PD1a with greater mobilization of HFA-TAG |
providing them with |
even greater resources |
|
| (ATTPS1, TPS1, AT1G78580) knockout mutants |
undergo |
seedling developmental arrest |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings that produce fully opened cotyledons |
almost uniformly produce |
two true leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GUN1-GFP protein |
is hardly detectable in |
cotyledons at 120 and 144 h |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| m123-1 mutant |
showed differences compared to wild-type in response to ABA at later stages on |
seedling growth characterized by expansion and greening of cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PD1a hypocotyls |
were significantly longer than |
those of (cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RpoA:HA |
is detected as early as |
3rd day after imbibition |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| seedling morphogenesis in Arabidopsis |
operates predominantly through |
(KAI2, AT4G37470) rather than AtD14 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| N-lauroylethanolamine (NAE 12:0) |
induce |
morphological alterations in seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZMK1 |
is involved in |
coleoptile growth |
Zea mays |
| germinating seedlings |
control |
reproductive success |
|
| (EAT, MIR172, MIR172B, AT5G04275) |
declined very slightly with much greater variation from |
week 1 to week 7 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leaf |
is only acting as a carbon source on |
day 11 |
|
| (CPD45, FHY3, AT3G22170) |
is strongly expressed in |
whole seedling during establishment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Class 1 shohai1 (shai1) seeds |
produced |
slightly smaller seedlings than normal |
Zea mays |
| (EDA23, GSO2, AT5G44700) |
has strong expression at |
3 days after germination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C-glycosylated and O-glycosylated flavonoids |
significantly increase in |
seedlings during the first 10 days after germination |
|
| seedlings |
were grown in |
total darkness |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ZFP7, AT1G24625) overexpression |
reduces |
hypocotyl length of germinated seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SMXL3, AT3G52490) /4/5 deficiency |
results in |
seedling lethality |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants expressing an artificial microRNA (amiRNA) targeting three members of the SAUR19–24 subfamily |
exhibit reductions in |
hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtPORA |
is transiently expressed in |
early seedling development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| germinating seedlings |
perceive |
light and nutrients |
|
| stabilized SAUR fusion proteins expression |
causes defective |
apical hook maintenance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| water-deficit-induced endogenous NO accumulation |
was accompanied by |
decrease in elongation of embryo axes |
Medicago truncatula |
| (AtcathB3, AT4G01610) gene |
is expressed during |
post-germination in cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| apical hook formation in etiolated seedlings |
is considered essential for |
protection of the shoot apical meristem during germination |
|
| (AGD1, VAL1, AT5G61980) (HSI2-L1, HSL1, VAL2, AT4G32010) (VAL3, AT4G21550) triple mutant |
show |
growth arrest |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGD1, VAL1, AT5G61980) (HSI2-L1, HSL1, VAL2, AT4G32010) (VAL3, AT4G21550) triple mutant |
develop |
a variety of embryonic phenotypes during their growth and development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gd1 mutant |
exhibits |
shorter shoots and roots |
Oryza sativa |
| other double mutant seedlings |
have |
mis-shapen, only partially green cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pex6-2 mutant |
grew relatively well without |
sucrose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE (TB) |
is |
causal mutation in dez |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedling emergence |
causes differential growth leading to |
apical hook formation |
|
| (AtCLE6, CLE6, AT2G31085) over-expression |
caused |
hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtEIN3, EIN3, AT3G20770) (AtEIL1, EIL1, AT2G27050) (ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 -LIKE 1) |
inhibits |
root enlargement |
|
| development of rescued double mutant seedlings |
is delayed compared to |
rescued bio1.1 or bio2.1 seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5, AtABI5, DPBF1, GIA1, AT2G36270) |
plays important role in |
post-germinative growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| self-seed from pdf2-2 mutant plants additionally heterozygous for atml1-3 |
produced |
high proportion of abnormal but viable seedlings (62%, n = 312) |
|
| ZMK1 |
is involved in |
gravitropism |
Zea mays |
| inhibition of extensin peroxidase activity |
promotes |
hypocotyl height at higher concentration |
tomato |
| hypocotyl length (dark grown) |
is measured using |
Fiji |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 84461-2 mutant |
shows |
reduced cotyledon area under long days |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedling vigor |
is |
important agronomic trait |
Oryza sativa |
| OsOFP19 overexpression line |
shows barely any |
coleoptile elongation |
Oryza sativa |
| miR156 levels |
are highest in |
young seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osacbp2 mutants |
are reduced in |
shoot elongation rates |
Oryza sativa |
| sufficient Pi supply |
delays |
greening |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CKRC1, SAV3, TAA1, TIR2, WEI8, AT1G70560) (AtTAR2, TAR2, AT4G24670) double mutant |
develop normally up to |
day 3 post germination |
|
| ethylene |
is involved in |
formation of apical hooks |
|
| seeds |
are plated on |
half-strength Linsmaier and Skoog media without sucrose containing indicated concentrations of epibrassinolide (eBL), propiconazole (PPZ), or mock |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants grown in the dark for seven days |
have hypocotyl lengths measured using |
Fiji |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| aleurone functions |
are crucial for |
seedling establishment after germination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| different temporal patterns of anthocyanin and LHCB1 transcript accumulation in (GUN1, AT2G31400) seedlings |
may be consequence of |
differences in early seedling development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN1, AT2G31400) and wild-type seedlings after 96 h |
had open expanded cotyledons whether grown in presence or absence of |
sucrose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NR-dependent NO accumulation by ABA |
leads to |
axis elongation |
Medicago truncatula |
| soil-grown seedlings |
are grown under |
continuous light at 22°C |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hypocotyl |
is critical for |
morphological establishment of the seedling |
|
| rif18 mutant seedlings |
showed improved |
seedling establishment in presence of (AtDWF4, CLM, CYP90B1, DWF4, PSC1, SAV1, SNP2, AT3G50660) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| npc4-1 seedlings |
were grown on |
0.5 MS liquid medium supplemented with 2% sucrose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| svr4-2 T-DNA insertion allele |
is |
seedling-lethal |
|
| seedlings |
were grown at |
23°C under 18 h light/6 h dark and 40–50 μmol m−2 s−1 light intensity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cell division |
is not of profound importance to |
hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| IAA conjugates and IBA |
play a role in |
apical hook development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| higher level of HFA-TAG mobilization in DG2 and PD1a |
may be an additional contributor to |
successful establishment |
|
| 35S::GFP::MYB62 transgenic line |
demonstrates |
identical phenotype to (AtMYB62, BW62B, BW62C, MYB62, AT1G68320) overexpressing plants |
|
| (KAI2, AT4G37470) mutant |
shows |
elongated hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (VQ18, AT2G44340) and (VQ26, AT3G60090) |
were also expressed in |
roots and cotyledons of early seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| YLG |
cannot effectively regulate |
hypocotyl growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtPHR1, PHR1, AT4G28610) (PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1) |
inhibits |
hypocotyl elongation |
|
| (GSO1, SGN3, AT4G20140) |
is required for |
seedling establishment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| epinastic cotyledons |
were present in more than 80% of |
T1 plants |
|
| FLOWERING LOCUS C (AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6, AT5G10140) expression |
is reduced in |
seedlings after 5 days |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| imb4-1 fra1-5 double mutant |
shows growth and developmental defects indistinguishable from imb4-1 single mutant in |
seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMYC2, JAI1, JIN1, MYC2, RD22BP1, ZBF1, AT1G32640) |
regulates |
GATA-box containing promoter |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GR24 |
inhibits |
cotyledon expansion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATHSFA2, HSFA2, AT2G26150) expression |
restored at least partially |
cotyledon morphology |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hypocotyl elongation |
is regulated by |
ERFVIIs acting as NO sensors through the Cys-Arg/N-end rule pathway |
|
| (EAT, MIR172, MIR172B, AT5G04275) |
increased 8–10 fold in whole shoots during |
first two weeks after planting under LD conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| similar observations |
were made in |
cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (OSH1, AT5G01580) osh15 double mutants |
initiate |
coleoptile |
Oryza sativa |
| DG2 and PD1a with 50% and 38% more 0-HFA-TAG than (cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) |
had less acute resource starvation |
compared to (cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) |
|
| establishment of DG2 and PD1a |
is clearly improved over |
(cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) |
|
| T2 seedlings |
were grown for |
12–15 days |
|
| hypocotyl and root lengths |
were similar under |
air or 1-MCP treatment in both erf.c1 and ERF.C1-OE lines |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| early seedling development |
is |
critical stage |
Cucumis sativus |
| seedlings |
were grown on |
rotary shaker |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pea seedlings |
are grown in |
soil in growth chamber |
Pisum sativum |
| osnam-1 |
showed abnormal leaves in |
three-leaf seedling stage |
Oryza sativa |
| (ASG6, CRK2, AT1G70520) seedlings |
could not survive beyond |
three-leaf stage |
Zea mays |
| FLOWERING LOCUS C (AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6, AT5G10140) protein expression |
is slightly reduced in |
aerial part without leaves after 3 days |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endosperm-deprived embryos |
produce |
nonviable seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene signaling |
regulates |
soil emergence |
|
| rol1-2 mutant |
provokes |
aberrant morphology in cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| difference between peas and cucumbers |
is possibly explained by |
structure of their cotyledons |
Pisum sativum; Cucumis sativus |
| tip of the leaf |
is no longer importing dye on |
day 9 |
|
| day 7 |
is |
the date when the first leaf blade became visible |
|
| transport stabilization at adult-like velocities in cucumber seedlings |
may coincide with |
transition from being source to sink limited |
Cucumis sativus |
| (CPD45, FHY3, AT3G22170) mutant |
is hyposensitive to |
ABA-mediated seedling greening |
|
| vYFP-labeled Hc-L fusion protein overexpression |
causes |
growth-retarded seedling phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATSYP132, SYP132, AT5G08080) single mutant |
dies as |
abnormal seedlings |
|
| MG132 treatment |
should not enhance |
cotyledon expansion in (ATCOP1, COP1, DET340, EMB168, FUS1, AT2G32950) mutant |
|
| (BES1, BZR2, AT1G19350) and (BZR1, AT1G75080) mutations |
show non-additive effects |
cotyledon expansion |
|
| prolonged induction of OPL2m-VENUS |
is |
seedling lethal |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| penta della mutant |
had longer |
hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AP-3 beta, PAT2, WAT1, AT3G55480) loss-of-function mutant |
has increased percentage of arrested plants in |
medium lacking sucrose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GR24 |
did not inhibit |
hypocotyl elongation in max2-1 seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Double ale1-4 pdf2-2 mutant plants |
showed |
post-germination growth indistinguishable from wild-type |
|
| malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation |
correlates with |
growth reduction |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCPK21, CPK21, AT4G04720) mutant |
was stratified and transferred as |
7-day-old seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EAL1, SGR7, SHR, AT4G37650) mutant seedlings |
grown under |
continuous white fluorescent light |
Lycopersicon esculentum |
| GA signaling pathway |
is pivotal in |
hypocotyl elongation |
|
| (AtGSH2, GSH2, GSHB, AT5G27380) (glutathione synthase) loss-of-function mutant |
shows |
seedling-lethal phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SMAX1, AT5G57710) single mutant |
has |
short hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cotyledonary petiole growth |
was not significantly affected in |
(SMAX1, AT5G57710) seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtPSKR2, PSKR2, AT5G53890) overexpression |
promotes |
hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1-butanol |
induce |
morphological alterations in seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cop1-4/EIN3ox plants |
developed |
long hypocotyls in darkness |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pex6-3 35S:PEX5 |
lacked persistent oil bodies and resembled |
wild type when grown without sucrose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ERF.B3-SRDX seedlings |
have hypocotyl length |
50% lower than wild-type |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 1-butanol |
induce |
defects in Arabidopsis seedling development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedling growth |
is subject to analysis of effects of |
1-butanol and N-lauroylethanolamine (NAE 12:0) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
suppresses |
hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| acyl CoA oxidase mutant |
stops growing at |
establishment stage post-germination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Z-carlactone (Z-CL) at 10 μm concentration |
required for |
significant but relatively weak response in hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings of ale1-4 pdf2-2 mutants |
were rarely |
normal |
|
| tri-galacturonate |
restores |
skotomorphogenesis in dark-grown dez mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| apical hook development |
is crucial to |
survival and establishment of germinating seedlings |
|
| germinated seeds from 4n × 2n cross |
abort at |
early stage of seedling growth |
Oryza sativa |
| Arabidopsis RAD homolog (ATRL2, MEE3, RSM1, AT2G21650) overexpression |
resulted in reduction in |
hypocotyl length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtEIN3, EIN3, AT3G20770) (AtEIL1, EIL1, AT2G27050) (ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 -LIKE 1) |
inhibits |
root elongation |
|
| germination-defective1 (gd1) mutant |
is defective in |
seedling development |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATPSKR1, PSKR1, AT2G02220) expression in epidermis |
is sufficient to promote |
hypocotyl growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bou-2 seedlings |
growth may resume with |
added sugar |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (M3Kdelta6, SIS8, AT1G73660) overexpression lines |
exhibit significantly lower rates of |
cotyledon expansion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MtCIR1 |
negatively regulates salt stress response during |
seedling growth |
Medicago truncatula; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pex6-1 35S:PEX5 |
lacked persistent oil bodies and resembled |
wild type when grown without sucrose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate |
causes |
arrested development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| abh1-8 ago1-38 double mutant |
exhibits |
fused cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARF6, AT1G30330) |
supports |
hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis |
| (ARF6, AT1G30330) support of hypocotyl elongation |
promotes |
cell expansion |
Arabidopsis |
| (ATP1, RAF2, SDIRIP1, AT5G51110) |
is induced very early during |
seedling development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osacbp2-P05815 mutant |
does not possess |
elongated coleoptiles |
Oryza sativa |
| cotyledon |
provides nutrients for |
seedling establishment |
|
| BFA treatment of (AGC1-1, D6PK, AT5G55910) overexpressor seedlings |
largely normalizes |
growth of etiolated (AGC1-1, D6PK, AT5G55910) overexpressor seedlings |
|
| endosperm |
governs |
viable seedling formation |
|
| negative role of (ATCOP1, COP1, DET340, EMB168, FUS1, AT2G32950) in root hair development and positive role of in hypocotyl elongation |
may be coordinated to provide |
evolutionary advantage for seedling fitness |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| growth on no-sucrose treatments |
increased |
etiolated hypocotyl length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings germinated from (BIO1, BIO3, AT5G57590) (ATSUC5, SUC5, AT1G71890) and (BIO2, BIOB, EMB49, AT2G43360) seeds |
exhibited |
strong deformations of their cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (ATCOP1, COP1, DET340, EMB168, FUS1, AT2G32950) loss of function |
is associated with |
post-germination growth arrest |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis seedlings |
use |
lipids and proteins stored in embryo cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| post-translational modifications of major chloroplast RNA-binding proteins |
may help elucidate roles in |
seedling development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| carlactone (CL) and/or CL-derived strigolactones |
are |
poor regulators of seedling morphogenesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pex6-1 mutant |
was sucrose dependent |
seedling growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PSKR1ox2 seedlings |
display significantly longer |
hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ped mutant |
stops growing at |
establishment stage post-germination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| storage molecule utilization mutants |
may be restored by |
externally added sugar |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis mutants with non-photosynthetic cotyledons |
require |
externally added sugar |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lack of SAM activity |
prevents |
leaf formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| accumulation of methylglyoxal |
causes |
arrested development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (MIR159, MIR159A, AT1G73687) overexpression |
shows |
no cotyledon epinasty phenotype |
|
| (MIR159, MIR159B, AT1G18075) overexpression |
shows |
no cotyledon epinasty phenotype |
|
| (MIR159C, AT2G46255) overexpression |
shows |
no cotyledon epinasty phenotype |
|
| (ATCOP1, COP1, DET340, EMB168, FUS1, AT2G32950) mutation |
does not affect |
cotyledon expansion under control conditions |
|
| (ATCESA2, ATH-A, CESA2, AT4G39350) mutant in Arabidopsis |
exhibits |
stunted growth of hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |