| PIN2-like and pseudo-response regulator seven cytokinins activated |
may control root meristem activity likely through |
auxin–cytokinin crosstalk |
Populus trichocarpa |
| low N (LN) conditions |
leads to significantly increased trait values for |
root morphological traits |
Triticum aestivum |
| high N (HN) conditions |
leads to significant decrease in |
anatomical traits |
Triticum aestivum |
| LN supply |
showed decreasing trends for |
root surface area (RSA), root average diameter (RAD), and root volume (RV) |
Hordeum vulgare |
| fibrous root system of monocotyledons |
develops |
additional seminal roots (SRs) |
|
| broader understanding of lateral root (LR) development |
is still limited |
across plant species |
|
| crown rootless genes (CRLs) |
did not respond to |
submergence in (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) |
|
| late adventitious roots (LAR) |
have increased |
cortex-to-stele ratio |
Oryza sativa |
| LOC_Os04g50770 |
is |
negative regulator of root development |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATWRKY52, RRS1, RRS1-R, SLH1, AT5G45260) T |
may have been caused by weakened activation on |
increased root length in accessions with (ATWRKY52, RRS1, RRS1-R, SLH1, AT5G45260) T |
|
| GhMYC3 downstream genes |
are significantly enriched in |
pathways associated with oxidative stress responses, flowering time, signal transduction, metabolic process, JA, root development, and embryo development |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| ontogenetic root developmental program |
is executed as usual in |
strongest suberin phenotype mutants |
Populus trichocarpa |
| dir19 mutants |
display significantly increased |
root length |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| anatomical characteristics of Type III |
were confirmed in |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LN supply |
significantly increased |
root morphological attributes |
Hordeum vulgare |
| significant upregulation of vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase, tonoplast intrinsic protein and plasma membrane intrinsic protein |
indicates |
possible involvement of these genes in AR growth |
|
| LOC_Os04g50770 |
might play an important role in |
root development |
Oryza sativa |
| root phenotypes |
showed no significant differences in |
the two genotypes |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| soil P availability |
determines benefits and carbon costs of |
changes in root morphology and physiology |
|
| pi4kβ1,2 |
displays |
aberrant root hair morphology |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA metabolic enzymes predominantly expressed in endodermis |
facilitate |
cell elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant MADS-box transcription factors (plant MADS-box TFs) |
play crucial roles in |
root growth |
|
| cell wall extensibility |
is major factor in |
regulation of root cell growth |
|
| μ2-1 roots in 4- to 8-d-old light-grown seedlings |
approximately 20% longer than |
wild-type seedling roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| POPTR_0002s23090 overexpression |
results in |
high density of root hairs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin signaling |
is central feature of |
root development |
|
| AZG1-YFP expression |
shares expression domain with |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| convergently selected genes between wheat and barley |
were associated with |
root morphological traits under LN/HN conditions |
Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare |
| average (TRL, AT5G53770) of genotypes carrying (GCS1, HAP2, AT4G11720) |
was significantly higher than |
average (TRL, AT5G53770) of inbreeds carrying (HAP1, MAGO, MEE63, AT1G02140) |
Hordeum vulgare |
| parent roots ( (PRS, PRS1, WOX3, AT2G28610) (ATSRS, OVA7, SRS, AT1G11870) and ARs) |
develop |
lateral roots (LRs) |
|
| adventitious roots and crown roots |
have in common their origin from |
aerial nodes |
Oryza sativa |
| root diameter |
is also linked to |
their specific initiation site |
|
| NSC allocated to roots |
may trigger changes in |
root morphology and physiology |
|
| phosphorus addition |
increases |
adventitious-root mass ratio of Leymus chinensis |
Leymus chinensis |
| (SCR, SGR1, AT3G54220) promoter |
is active in |
quiescent center (QC) and endodermis as well as cortex/endodermis initials of RAM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| division of different initials |
results in |
predictably ordered tissue organization of root |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Analysis of root weight |
showed |
reduction in SL-deficient slg1-1, slg1-2, psy1-2, and cdd7 plants compared with WT controls |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (ASG6, CRK2, AT1G70520) mutant |
is consistent with |
slow root growth |
Zea mays |
| plant species |
coordinate |
root growth based on nutrient status and signals |
|
| synthesized tetraploid wheat |
showed |
increased root hair length |
Triticum aestivum |
| endodermal complementation restoring root phenotype |
suggests that |
gibberellin (GA) is required in inner root tissues for normal root development |
Pisum sativum |
| (ATHSFA2, HSFA2, AT2G26150) expression |
restored at least partially |
root length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
is not essentially required in |
lateral root (LR) branching |
|
| (AR1, AtCPR1, ATR1, AT4G24520) |
emerges |
several days before (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) |
|
| Robust Root System 1 (RRS1) knockout plants |
show |
longer lateral root length |
|
| OE lines |
had fewer cells than |
WT in the root meristem zone |
Oryza sativa |
| forward genetics |
identified |
negative regulator gene for rice robust root system |
|
| (AtTLP6, TLP6, AT1G47270) PI4Kβ1, and PI4Kβ2 |
seem to have |
role in root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TaLBD41-RNAi lines |
had increased |
root dry weight |
Triticum aestivum |
| exodermis |
was not formed at any point during |
5 wk of hydroponic cultivation |
Populus × canescens |
| (EEP1, MIR164, MIR164C, AT5G27807) (anac021, ANAC022, NAC1, AT1G56010) module in Arabidopsis roots |
is involved in |
lateral root initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| multiple cortical layers |
exist in |
many monocot plants such as barley, maize, and rice |
Hordeum vulgare; Zea mays; Oryza sativa |
| evolution of auxin signaling |
is likely intertwined with |
lateral root (LR) development |
|
| (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) emergence delay |
promotes |
higher elongation capacity |
|
| (ATCCC1, CCC1, HAP5, AT1G30450) |
might be |
potential elite haplotype for robust root system |
Oryza sativa |
| miR4407-OX transgenic roots |
show significantly increased |
root volume |
Glycine max |
| Leymus chinensis |
always has significantly higher |
root diameter |
Leymus chinensis; Cleistogenes squarrosa |
| imbalance between photosynthetic rate (P n ) and root morphological traits under high phosphorus addition |
might be due to |
changes in root anatomical traits under high phosphorus addition |
Leymus chinensis |
| pi4kβ1,2 mutant |
phenocopies |
(AtTLP6, TLP6, AT1G47270) OE lines with regard to root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of RAPID ALKALINISATION FACTOR 2 (RALF2) and FERONIA (FER, AT3G51550) |
leads to inhibition of |
root growth |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (AtMYB1, MYB1, SRM1, AT3G09230) |
is required for |
establishment of an auxin gradient for (CCT, CRP, MED12, AT4G00450) and LRP differentiation |
Oryza sativa |
| removal of one cotyledon |
does not cause a reduction in |
root growth |
Pisum sativum |
| root morphological traits ( (TRL, AT5G53770) RSA, RV) |
were significantly increased in |
(AtNPF2.12, NPF2.12, NRT1.6, AT1G27080) mutant at LN than WT |
Triticum aestivum |
| KAR pathway |
controls |
root hair elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; Lotus japonicus; Brachypodium distachyon |
| adventitious roots and crown roots |
may be regulated by |
common or overlapping gene networks |
Oryza sativa |
| late adventitious roots (LAR) |
have increased |
xylem-to-stele ratio |
Oryza sativa |
| genome-wide association analysis |
identified |
genomic regions controlling root length |
Oryza sativa |
| KO mutants |
had greater meristem length than |
WT |
Oryza sativa |
| Arabidopsis PI4Kβs |
have been implicated in |
root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root stem cell niche |
consists of |
infrequently dividing cells of quiescent center (QC) surrounded by initials |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| callus formation |
can impede |
formation of base-born roots |
|
| plant growth-promoting microbes |
support plant growth by |
promoting root development |
|
| DIR19-OE plants |
show decreased |
root length |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| suppression of GmHAD1-2 |
could inhibit |
lateral root growth |
Glycine max |
| arsenic-repressed genes |
are related to |
trichoblast formation |
|
| BpMADS11 overexpression lines (BpMADS11-OE1, BpMADS11-OE2, BpMADS11-OE3) |
show increased |
root length |
Betula pendula |
| μ2-1 seedlings |
had longer |
primary roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| significant differences in global gene expression levels |
observed in |
primary roots of different maize inbred lines and hybrids |
Zea mays |
| cells in (ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) and wild-type root apical meristems |
were compared for |
dimensions and volumes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| poplar genes involved in control of root morphogenesis and meristem activity |
may be under |
epigenetic control |
Populus trichocarpa |
| PIN2-like (Potri.008G127700) |
is under |
epigenetic control |
Populus trichocarpa |
| S. parvula under control conditions |
has |
shorter fully suberized zone than Arabidopsis |
Schrenkiella parvula |
| three independent hsc70.1 hsp70.4 transgenic plant lines expressing the nonmobile YFP-HSC70.1M |
showed no significant root growth differences compared with |
hsc70.1 hsp70.4 double mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| S-type lateral roots (LRs) |
facilitates |
induced root plasticity |
|
| gross morphology of lateral root (LR) |
is similar to |
parent roots |
|
| OsWOX11 |
was significantly induced in absence of |
leaf sheath |
Oryza sativa |
| Robust Root System 1 (RRS1) |
encodes |
R2R3-type MYB family transcription factor |
|
| Robust Root System 1 (RRS1) |
represses |
root development |
|
| APC/C TE |
plays key role in |
regulating root growth |
|
| phosphorus addition |
shows no significant change in |
root tissue density of Leymus chinensis |
Leymus chinensis |
| (ADH, ADH1, ATADH, ATADH1, AT1G77120) control lines |
showed |
ordered tissue organization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SLG1, AT5G08490) mutant |
displays |
subtle developmental phenotypes in the roots |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| buzz mutant |
produces hairless roots with root bulges along epidermis |
root morphology |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| monoterpene mixture at 6.25 mM applied at 14 dpi |
shows less pronounced effect on |
lateral root number |
Populus tremula × alba |
| plant root system architecture (RSA) |
is net result of |
salinity |
|
| grapevine fine roots |
exhibit dramatic changes in |
structure and function along length |
Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris |
| environmental stresses |
alter |
plant root development and function |
|
| jam1jam2jam3 triple mutant |
show shorter |
roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary roots (PRs) |
develops from |
embryo |
|
| DEEPER ROOTING 1 (AtNGR2, DRO1, LAZY4, AT1G72490) |
controls |
root growth angle |
Oryza sativa |
| P addition |
impacts |
root morphology |
|
| nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations ([NSC]) |
appeared to drive |
modifications of root morphology |
|
| phosphorus addition at P12.5 |
causes significant decrease in |
root shallowness of Leymus chinensis |
Leymus chinensis |
| buzz mutant |
has twice the |
lateral root density compared with wild-type Bd21 |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| root hairs |
massively increase |
surface area of root systems |
|
| auxin maximum |
is fundamental to |
cell fate and patterned root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin gradient in crown root primordia and lateral root primordia |
maintains |
stem cell identity and cell differentiation |
Oryza sativa |
| secondary growth |
initiated at distances of |
more than 100 mm from the root apex |
Vitis species |
| maize LBD gene lbd34 (GRMZM2G075499_T01) |
is preferentially expressed in |
wild-type versus rtcs coleoptilar nodes at all three developmental stages |
Zea mays |
| ECM fungi colonization |
results in |
radial elongation of the epidermal cells |
|
| L-type lateral roots (LRs) |
facilitates |
induced root plasticity |
|
| root system |
is important for |
anchoring plants to soil |
|
| STTM-4407 transgenic roots |
exhibit negative effect on |
root growth |
Glycine max |
| phosphorus addition at P5 |
reaches peak |
specific root area of Leymus chinensis |
Leymus chinensis |
| TaLBD41-RNAi lines |
had increases in |
total root length |
Triticum aestivum |
| disruption of symplastic signaling in the endodermis |
alters |
radial patterning |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| disruption of symplastic signaling in the endodermis |
causes increase in |
number of cell layers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMYB63, MYB63, AT1G79180) N-OE plants |
show significantly inhibited |
root growth |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| dir19 mutant |
showed increased |
root length |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| GmHAD1-2 overexpression |
significantly influences |
soybean lateral root number |
Glycine max |
| nutrient-limiting conditions in the soil |
triggers redesign of |
root architecture |
|
| cortical cell file number (CCFN) measured on young plants from greenhouse mesocosms 30 d after planting |
was |
accurate reflection of cortical cell file number (CCFN) measured on mature plants in the field 70 d after planting |
Zea mays |
| large cortical cell size (CCS) |
permits |
greater root growth |
Zea mays |
| abscisic acid (ABA) |
promotes |
lateral root emergence |
Medicago truncatula |
| differences in root morphology and root apical meristem activity of (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) in early stages of development |
draw some parallels with |
(EAL1, SGR7, SHR, AT4G37650) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high levels of auxin |
causes |
increased lateral rooting |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| three anatomical types of lateral roots |
were identified in |
pearl millet |
Pennisetum glaucum |
| diameter and growth rate |
change in parallel in |
oak and rubber tree |
|
| root growth |
induces |
root branching in the search for water |
|
| OsFBK1 knockdown lines |
showed no differences in |
root length |
Oryza sativa |
| sHSP22 OX seedlings transferred to medium containing 1 μM NPA |
had 57.2% reduced primary root length |
primary root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMYB62, BW62B, BW62C, MYB62, AT1G68320) overexpression |
does not influence |
localized Pi deficiency-induced inhibition of primary root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| positional cue from cortical cell layer |
triggers |
root epidermal hair/non-hair cell fate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Mutation in (ATLSD1, ATSWP1, KDM1C, LDL1, LSD1, SWP1, AT1G62830) -LIKE1 ( also named ) |
induces activation of expression of |
LATERAL ROOT PRIMORDIUM1 (LRP1, AT5G12330) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root tips |
hold |
root meristem |
Oryza sativa |
| (At-SCL28, SCL28, AT5G18810) |
promotes cell cycle exit in |
transition zone |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| excess auxin accumulating in callus tissue |
induces |
ectopic rhizoids |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| removal of leaf sheath |
partially restored |
root anatomical features |
Oryza sativa |
| DEEPER ROOTING 1 (AtNGR2, DRO1, LAZY4, AT1G72490) |
controls |
deep rooting |
Oryza sativa |
| phosphorus addition at P5 and P12.5 |
decreases |
root tissue density of Cleistogenes squarrosa |
Cleistogenes squarrosa |
| (AT.EIF4E1, CUM1, EIF4E, eIF4E1, AT4G18040) mutants |
display shorter |
primary root length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root area in shallow root zone (0–11 cm) |
was greater in S1 and S2 than in |
S4 |
|
| HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6 ( (AHP6, HP6, AT1G80100) ) |
is involved in |
root specification of protoxylem cell identity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| buzz mutant |
exhibits increased |
root growth rate |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| subgenome-divergent expression and histone modifications between TaRSL4-A and TaRSL4-B |
were observed in |
roots at 9 d DAG in hexaploid wheat Chinese Spring |
Triticum aestivum |
| same four functional zones |
could be identified in |
mutant cyp86a1_1,2;b1_1 roots |
Populus × canescens |
| Pi-deficient conditions |
resulted in higher |
root to shoot ratio |
Glycine max |
| GmHAD1-2 |
influences |
lateral root development |
Glycine max |
| SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS 132 (ATSYP132, SYP132, AT5G08080) |
appears to play diverse biological roles in |
root hair elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana benthamiana; Triticum aestivum; Medicago truncatula |
| endodermis |
is |
root cell type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| alterations of suberized apoplastic barriers |
would manifest over |
longer developmental time frames |
|
| sugar |
serves as a direct signal for |
root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduced root growth rate in RePRP2.1-overexpressing [RePRP2.1(ox)] lines |
similar to |
root growth rate in abscisic acid (ABA)-treated wild type |
Oryza sativa |
| vigor of the adult root systems |
predetermines |
plant development |
Zea mays |
| seed plants |
have lateral roots primarily derived from |
pericycle |
|
| late adventitious roots (LAR) |
have |
aerenchyma |
Oryza sativa |
| synthesized hexaploid wheat |
showed |
increased lateral root numbers |
Triticum aestivum |
| GmHAD1-2 |
regulates |
lateral root length |
Glycine max |
| phosphate (Pi) availability |
strongly affects |
root growth and development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased root surface |
contributes to |
recovery of main root growth |
|
| suppressor of (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) 1 (SMAX1, AT5G57710) mutant |
does not affect |
lateral root formation phenotype of (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| length-wise cell expansion inhibition |
causes |
shorter roots |
Oryza sativa |
| late adventitious roots (LAR) |
showed increased number of |
cortex cell layers |
Oryza sativa |
| leaf sheath |
likely provides mechanical barrier that delays outgrowth and promotes |
radial growth |
Oryza sativa |
| KO mutants |
had significant increase in |
EdU labeling level |
Oryza sativa |
| Rudbeckia hirta root system |
revealed |
high plasticity |
Rudbeckia hirta |
| eQTL regulatory network |
suggests that PtrXB38 participates in regulating |
root development |
Populus |
| number of seminal roots |
is quite variable between |
different genotypes |
Zea mays |
| difference in distribution of cytokinin-dependent signaling maxima |
did not result in |
significant difference in cellular structures of azg1-1 and wild-type root apical meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pseudo-response regulator seven cytokinins activated (Potri.008G046200) |
may control |
root meristem activity |
Populus trichocarpa |
| fully suberized zone in S. parvula |
increases around three times in length under 125 mM NaCl and even further under 175 mM NaCl |
salt stress |
Schrenkiella parvula |
| YFP-HSC70.1 protein produced by the nonmobile YFP-HSC70.1M transcript |
failed to rescue |
primary root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| other genes related to crown root initiation and emergence |
did not respond to |
submergence in (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) |
|
| KO lines |
had significantly increased root dry weight compared to |
WT at booting stage |
Oryza sativa |
| GmIPT3-KD (GmIPT3 knockdown) |
promotes |
root development |
Glycine max |
| phosphorus limitation |
may induce |
thinner steles |
|
| root system |
is required for |
plant establishment |
Populus trichocarpa |
| callus formation |
delays |
formation of adventitious roots |
|
| 7-wk-long hydroponic cultivation |
was carried out to obtain |
more mature roots with full endodermal suberization and periderm formation |
Populus × canescens |
| root angle |
is closely related to |
OsPINs |
Oryza sativa |
| bperf61 knockout lines (bperf61#-2, bperf61#-4, bperf61#-9) |
show significantly reduced |
root length |
Betula pendula |
| rtcs mutant |
forms |
primary root |
Zea mays |
| lack of (XXT5, AT1G74380) alone |
results in |
shorter root hair |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCG14, AtABCG14, AT1G31770) mutant |
shows contrasting |
root elongation phenotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN2-like (Potri.008G127700) |
may control |
root meristem activity |
Populus trichocarpa |
| mechanical impedance exerted by the leaf sheath |
significantly influenced |
timing of emergence and key morphological traits of the aquatic adventitious roots |
|
| OE lines |
showed opposite phenotypes to |
KO mutants |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATWRKY52, RRS1, RRS1-R, SLH1, AT5G45260) expression |
is consistent with |
its function in regulating root development |
Oryza sativa |
| NaAGO7 silencing by RNAi (ir (AGO7, ZIP, AT1G69440) ) |
does not change |
root development |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| (KAI2, AT4G37470) mutant |
shows |
altered root system architecture |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2-like 1 loss-of-function alleles |
exhibit increased |
root growth rate |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| (ASG6, CRK2, AT1G70520) mutants |
exhibit |
impeded root growth |
Zea mays |
| endodermal CASP::NA expression in na mutant roots |
resulted in significant increase in |
cell length and lateral root length |
Pisum sativum |
| BpERF61 overexpression lines (BpERF61-OE5, BpERF61-OE6, BpERF61-OE7) |
show significantly higher |
root length |
Betula pendula |
| meristematic and elongation zone |
extends to distances of |
10 to 30 mm from the root apex |
Vitis species |
| (EEP1, MIR164, MIR164C, AT5G27807) targeting (anac021, ANAC022, NAC1, AT1G56010) in Arabidopsis roots |
consequently inhibits |
lateral root initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| maize recombinant inbred lines (RILs) |
show phenotypic variation in |
cortical cell file number (CCFN) |
Zea mays |
| increase in (EAL1, SGR7, SHR, AT4G37650) expression in (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) at 10 days after germination (DAG) |
reflects |
developmental time point when rate of root growth accelerates to approach wild-type levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| impaired auxin distribution |
impairs |
primary root formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root apical meristem |
is impaired in |
(ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dissipation of auxin gradient in root tip |
leads to |
reduced cell division and expansion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcription factors |
have been shown to be directly involved in |
maintenance of stem cell niche |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AQC1, HPS7, TPST, AT1G08030) (TYROSYLPROTEIN SULFOTRANSFERASE) |
has targets that are |
Tyr-sulfated peptides called root growth factors (RGFs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased primary root length |
was rescued by application of |
low levels of auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutants that do not form obvious PPBs |
manage to produce |
relatively orderly roots |
|
| phenotyping pipeline |
was used to characterize |
early developmental patterns of root systems in two cereals |
Pennisetum glaucum; Zea mays |
| results in pearl millet |
confirm that types are well related to |
types obtained from model-based clustering of growth rate profiles |
Pennisetum glaucum |
| meristem length variation |
was associated with |
variation of the length of the elongation zone |
Zea mays |
| examination of single and multiple gain-of-function and loss-of-function receptor mutants |
revealed |
(AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) controls lateral root and root hair initiation and elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| etr1-6 and etr1-7 null mutants |
formed statistically significantly fewer numbers of lateral roots relative to |
Col-0 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcriptomes that span the root tip developmental zone |
were used to |
cluster ACC-regulated transcripts by common developmental response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sHSP22 OX lines |
initiated more lateral roots after |
auxin application |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gh1-hmga1-1 homozygous mutants |
exhibit |
short roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| maize root system |
contains |
nodal roots |
Zea mays |
| (ATL5, OLI5, PGY3, RPL5A, uL18z, AT3G25520) mutant |
shows |
developmental defects in lateral root initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SCARECROW (SCR, SGR1, AT3G54220) |
is specifically expressed in |
endodermis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pht4;6 mutant |
exhibits |
abnormal cell expansion at the root tip |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| impact of cell wall structural alterations resulting in weak cell walls |
affect |
root hair growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MC presence in Arabidopsis under salt stress |
is delayed rather than induced by |
salt |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) |
obtaining |
maximum length of 35 cm |
|
| OE lines |
had lesser meristem size than |
WT |
Oryza sativa |
| KO mutants |
had larger lateral root density than |
WT |
Oryza sativa |
| increase in lateral root number |
contributed to |
rise in total root length and root surface area |
Glycine max |
| root hair length of Sl Sl AA |
is consistent with |
previous study |
Triticum aestivum; Aegilops longissima; Triticum urartu |
| (ATBZIP60, BZIP60, AT1G42990) |
is crucial for |
primary root growth in response to chemically induced ER stress and root colonizing microbes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BpMADS11 overexpression lines (BpMADS11-OE1, BpMADS11-OE2, BpMADS11-OE3) |
display increased |
root weight |
Betula pendula |
| Ectopic expression of RePRP2.1 |
led to |
shorter and thicker root phenotypes |
Oryza sativa |
| auxin |
plays important role in integrating |
various endogenous and exogenous cues |
|
| OE lines |
led to shorter roots than |
WT |
Oryza sativa |
| cell expansion rates in the elongation zone |
are not tied closely to |
cell production rates |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| epidermal-derived GA |
have little influence on |
root development |
Pisum sativum |
| different brown planthopper (BPH) infestation times on rice plants |
causes |
different root growth among rice plants |
Oryza sativa |
| ralf2 dir19 double mutants |
exhibit longer |
roots compared to ralf2 mutants |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| root plasticity |
involves modulating |
root hairs |
|
| abscisic acid (ABA) application on rice root |
results in |
swelling of young root tips |
Oryza sativa |
| maize LBD gene asl2 (GRMZM2G154320_T01) |
was preferentially expressed in |
wild-type versus rtcs coleoptilar nodes at all three developmental stages |
Zea mays |
| higher expression of (XXT5, AT1G74380) in roots and root hairs compared with (XXT3, AT5G07720) and (XXT4, AT1G18690) |
correlates with |
dominant role of (XXT5, AT1G74380) in affecting cell wall strength and impacting root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ECM fungi colonization |
results in |
intense short root formation |
|
| KAR pathway |
controls |
root skewing |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; Lotus japonicus; Brachypodium distachyon |
| lateral roots (LRs) |
is |
crucial feature of root system structure |
|
| reduction in mechanical stress by removal of the leaf sheath |
revealed |
gene network involved in crown root/adventitious root development |
|
| late adventitious roots (LAR) |
have increased |
cortex cell layers |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATWRKY52, RRS1, RRS1-R, SLH1, AT5G45260) (IAA3, SHY2, AT1G04240) |
had longer root than |
WT |
Oryza sativa |
| japonica accessions |
showed difference among haplotypes |
root length |
Oryza sativa |
| X-ray μCT imaging before and after the experiment |
enabled investigation of |
how new roots explored different pore structures |
Rudbeckia hirta; Panicum virgatum |
| (FER, AT3G51550) mutants |
show stunted |
root growth |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| increased distribution of lateral roots in top soils |
forms |
shallow root architecture |
|
| BpMADS11 overexpression lines (BpMADS11-OE1, BpMADS11-OE2, BpMADS11-OE3) |
show increased |
root fresh weight |
Betula pendula |
| maturation zone |
contains |
suberized exodermis and endodermis |
Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris |
| developmental anatomy along the length of the fine root |
includes localization of |
suberized structures |
Vitis spp. |
| (RWA2, AT3G06550) (RWA3, AT2G34410) (RWA4, AT1G29890) triple mutant |
was |
most affected mutant in root length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RePRP2.1(ox) transgenic rice plants |
display |
shorter and wider root morphology |
Oryza sativa |
| PLETHORA2 and PLETHORA1 requirement for root development |
implies |
similar RTCS-dependent role of these genes in shoot-borne root formation |
Zea mays |
| fully suberized zone in Arabidopsis |
increases less than two times under 125 mM NaCl and does not increase under 175 mM NaCl |
salt stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| barley mutant egt2 (enhanced root gravitropism 2) |
displays |
narrower root system |
Hordeum vulgare |
| lateral root (LR) |
has |
apically constricted conical shape tip |
|
| lateral roots (LRs) branching |
is sensitive to |
many stimuli |
|
| auxin signaling |
has distinct responses and downstream regulatory modules in |
different root types and plant groups |
|
| root diameter |
is not only determined by |
mechanical stress |
|
| epiphytes on bare bark |
cannot develop |
deep root system for anchorage |
|
| MicroRNA 4407 (miR4407) |
positively regulates |
root structures |
Glycine max |
| drip-irrigated wheat |
produces greater number of longer roots at surface compared to |
flood irrigation |
|
| loss of pSCR-positive cells |
retards |
primary root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (APP1, AT5G53540) expression domain |
covers |
entire root meristematic zone |
|
| shoot infestation by gravid brown planthopper (BPH) |
decreases |
root growth |
Oryza sativa |
| hydraulic conductivity |
is critical for |
root growth |
|
| auxin |
modulates |
root system architecture (RSA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| atgatl5-1 and wild-type seeds |
show no significant differences in |
root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| complex root system |
consists of |
embryonic primary and seminal roots |
Zea mays |
| mutations in Lateral Organ Boundaries (LOB) genes |
affect |
shoot-borne root formation |
Oryza sativa; Zea mays |
| knockout of (XXT3, AT5G07720) and (XXT4, AT1G18690) together with (XXT5, AT1G74380) |
further reduced |
length of root hair |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| suberization zone in S. parvula and Arabidopsis roots |
starts from |
differentiation zone and ends close to the root tip |
Schrenkiella parvula; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| outer cortex layers in rice and barley roots |
exhibit |
rounder shape and more air-containing cavities between cells |
Oryza sativa; Hordeum vulgare |
| (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) emergence delay |
promotes |
thicker roots |
|
| removal of the mechanical barrier presented by the leaf sheath |
resulted in |
(AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) became longer during short-term submergence |
|
| NIL-12 |
grew more |
(AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) compared with paddy rice |
|
| salicylic acid (SA) |
plays important roles in |
root growth |
|
| miR4407-OX transgenic roots |
show significantly increased |
total root length |
Glycine max |
| Cleistogenes squarrosa |
has generally higher plasticity values for |
number of root tips, specific root area, and root tissue density |
Leymus chinensis; Cleistogenes squarrosa |
| root system of dicot Rhizobium hirta |
is known for |
substantial quantities of lateral roots |
Rhizobium hirta |
| substantial quantities of lateral roots |
demonstrated when growing into |
intact soil cores |
Rhizobium hirta |
| homozygous app1D plants |
exhibit |
defective SE differentiation and root growth |
|
| GmEXLB1/2 |
play a role in regulating |
root growth and Pi signaling network |
Glycine max |
| OsSYP132 RNAi lines |
showed |
retarded root growth |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) mutant grown under high nitrate but short photoperiod (low C N balance) |
develops |
longer and more complex root systems compared to wild-type (WT) plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATAZG2, AZG2, AT5G50300) mutant |
shows differential phenotype under |
low carbon : nitrogen (C : N) regime after cytokinin (CK) application |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
seems to influence |
root tip bifurcation |
|
| regulation of CK biosynthesis by miR4407 |
controls |
root development |
Glycine max |
| (ADH, ADH1, ATADH, ATADH1, AT1G77120) control lines |
showed |
no significant change in lateral root number and primary root length with increasing inducer concentration |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcriptional differences |
promote |
root hair elongation in SlSlAA |
Triticum aestivum |
| (ATMYC2, JAI1, JIN1, MYC2, RD22BP1, ZBF1, AT1G32640) OE lines |
show differences in |
adventitious root numbers |
Populus tremula × alba |
| disruption of symplastic signaling in the endodermis |
causes |
misspecification of stele cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phosphate (Pi) availability |
regulates |
plant root growth |
|
| flavonoids |
regulate |
root growth |
|
| (AHDP, ANL2, AT4G00730) mutants |
exhibit |
irregular (GL2, AT1G79840) expression pattern |
|
| root hair morphology in xxt3xxt4xxt5 triple mutant plants |
is reminiscent of |
morphology of the root hairs of (ATXT1, AtXXT1, XT1, XXT1, AT3G62720) (ATXT2, AtXXT2, TXT2, XT2, XXT2, AT4G02500) double mutant plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis accessions showing relatively high HKT expression |
bore |
fewer lateral roots (LRs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtNPF2.12, NPF2.12, NRT1.6, AT1G27080) mutant plants |
demonstrated increased |
root growth performances under LN conditions than WT after both 7- and 14 d of NO3− treatments |
Triticum aestivum |
| ethylene signalling involvement in regulating root thickness |
remains |
unknown |
|
| root thickness |
showed no changes in |
KO and OE lines compared to WT |
Oryza sativa |
| root tissue density of Leymus chinensis |
is significantly negatively correlated with |
phosphorus addition |
Leymus chinensis |
| local variations in structural properties of soil |
greatly affects |
root growth patterns and architecture |
|
| length of primary root |
remained |
unaffected |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gibberellins (GA) |
have profound influence on |
lateral root organ formation |
|
| (At-SCL28, SCL28, AT5G18810) |
functions in |
transition and elongation zone |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) |
did not develop |
lateral roots |
Oryza sativa |
| CRLs |
are |
key regulators for crown root de novo formation in rice, rather than the main molecular signal for adventitious root development during flood events |
|
| OE lines |
had slower root growth rates than |
WT |
Oryza sativa |
| KO mutants |
had larger root volume than |
WT |
Oryza sativa |
| TAR2-LIKE loss-of-function alleles |
exhibit increased |
root growth rate |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| absence of gibberellin (GA) |
has significant impact on |
development of lateral roots |
Pisum sativum |
| DIR19 (dirigent protein 19) |
is required for regulation of |
root growth by RALF2-FER signaling |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| DIR19-OE plants |
showed inhibited |
root growth |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| transparent testa 4 mutant |
shows greatly accelerated |
lateral root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Secondary root production impairment in (ANN1, ANNAT1, AtANN1, ATOXY5, OXY5, AT1G35720) |
confirms |
this annexin's involvement in adaptive root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin signaling cascades |
are prominent among |
morphogenic signaling cascades |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| middle cortex (MC) in roots of 3-d-old seedlings of S. parvula |
fully presents in |
roots of 3-d-old seedlings of S. parvula |
Schrenkiella parvula |
| number of cells in single row of cortex from QC to root-hypocotyl junction in 4-d-old wild-type plants |
is |
58 ± 4 cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| parent roots ( (PRS, PRS1, WOX3, AT2G28610) (ATSRS, OVA7, SRS, AT1G11870) and ARs) |
develop lateral roots postembryonically |
postembryonic development |
|
| ethylene signalling |
suggests involvement of |
molecular control on the root growth |
|
| root growing into dense soil matrix |
overcomes |
penetration resistance |
|
| XPP promoter (AT4G30450) |
is active in |
xylem pole pericycle (XPP) cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AMF inoculation |
has no effect on |
root system development in domesticated rice |
Oryza sativa |
| PvPS2:1 overexpression |
enhanced |
root growth |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| plant root system architecture (RSA) |
is net result of |
gravity |
|
| Arabidopsis ecotype Wassilewskija (Ws-4) |
is notorious for |
root skewing phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SMXL3, AT3G52490) |
is candidate for having role in |
root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| double RNAi lines targeting the RePRPs |
maintain |
long cell shape |
Oryza sativa |
| treatment with 0.1 and 1 µm naphthylacetic acid (NAA) |
resulted in significant increase in |
number of lateral roots (LRs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) |
is |
enlarged air space in the root cortex |
|
| (AtSWEET16, SWEET16, AT3G16690) mutants |
show reduced |
root growth under (ATBHLH029, ATBHLH29, ATFIT1, BHLH029, FIT, FIT1, FRU, AT2G28160) excess |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPDX1.1, PDX1.1, AT2G38230) mutant |
shows benefit to growth in presence of |
sucrose (Suc) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gradient of auxin distribution |
is important for |
establishment and maintenance of root apical meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root growth impairment in (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) |
draws parallels with |
(EAL1, SGR7, SHR, AT4G37650) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| vitamin B6 deficiency |
is consequence of |
differential cascade of events in (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root apical meristem (RAM) activity |
is impaired in |
(ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ROOT GROWTH FACTORs (RGFs) |
affect |
expression of stem cell transcription factor PLTs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NPA treatment |
causes more significant reduction of root length in |
ren1-D mutants |
Oryza sativa |
| auxin and cytokinin |
play roles in |
regulation of root development |
|
| Auxin application to wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana roots |
decreases |
primary root length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATIRE1-2, AtIRE1A, IRE1-2, IRE1A, AT2G17520) (ATIRE1-1, AtIRE1b, IRE1, IRE1-1, IRE1B, AT5G24360) mutant |
exhibits less defective phenotype than |
(BZIP17, AT2G40950) and (BZIP28, AT3G10800) double mutant |
|
| auxin |
causes |
root inhibition |
|
| production of large number of crown roots |
can promote |
development of root length |
Zea mays |
| P availability, phenotype, and their interactions |
significantly affects |
crown number (CN) |
|
| large-CN phenotypes |
have significantly greater |
crown number (CN) under high P |
|
| Leu-rich-repeat receptor-like kinase |
regulated |
plant root architecture |
|
| CHD-type ATPase (CHD3, CHR6, CKH2, EPP1, GYM, HRB2, LWR1, PKL, SSL2, AT2G25170) |
is involved in |
root elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| arabinan epitope |
persists at |
external surface of distal root cap cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| poplar genes involved in root initiation |
participate in |
ectomycorrhizal formation |
Populus tremula × Populus alba |
| inner cortex layers in rice and barley roots |
have |
flattened shape similar to endodermis and thicker cell walls |
Oryza sativa; Hordeum vulgare |
| AtSAM5 |
has role in |
regulating lateral root angle in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seminal roots (SRs) and/or adventitious roots (ARs) |
develops from |
shoot |
|
| miR4407-OX transgenic roots |
show significantly increased |
average root diameter |
Glycine max |
| XBAT35-OE plants |
showed no differences in |
root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DNA methylomes and transcriptomes |
were constructed in |
roots |
Triticum aestivum |
| GA metabolic enzymes predominantly expressed in endodermis |
maintain |
appropriate meristem size |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cell-cell communication between different cell layers in root tip |
plays essential role in determining |
cell fate and differentiation |
|
| adventitious roots in their primary developmental stage |
were complemented with data from |
older roots exhibiting secondary periderm formation |
Populus trichocarpa |
| phosphate (Pi) effect on root growth |
was investigated in |
soil |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| maize rum1 gene |
is required for |
seminal and lateral root initiation |
Zea mays |
| autophagy |
has role in |
regulating lateral root (LR) development under phosphate starvation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nitric oxide (NO) |
accumulates in |
elongation/differentiation zone |
|
| pPDX1.3:PDX1.3 control construct |
complements |
(ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) short-root phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sugar produced by photosynthesis |
is sufficient for |
regulation of root elongation in light |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| disruption of (ATPDX1.1, PDX1.1, AT2G38230) |
results in |
differential cascade of events |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| remodeling of root system architecture (RSA) |
results in |
increased root surface area for Pi absorption |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| anthocyanin-producing plants |
displayed changes in |
root epithelial cell morphology |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (AtROS1, DML1, ROS1, AT2G36490) /DEL lines 4, 8, and 11 |
developed significantly more (up to 2-fold) |
lateral roots on DEX |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| wild-type root growth |
suppressed in |
dim light condition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| faster growth of fer-4 mutant roots |
caused by |
absence of FERONIA kinase suppressing intracellular accumulation of mCitAHA2 protein under dim light condition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TAN1-∆II-YFP |
functioned as well as |
TAN1-YFP |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ectopic expression of a single CKX gene |
generates barley plants with |
enhanced root system |
Hordeum vulgare |
| Al 3+ ion |
inhibits |
root growth |
|
| LRX proteins |
have been shown to modulate |
lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| removal of a specific root class |
induced |
increase in the growth of the remaining root classes |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| (ATECS1, AtGSH1, CAD2, GSH1, GSHA, PAD2, RAX1, RML1, AT4G23100) mutant |
is characterized by |
drastically reduced root system |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cells in azg1-1 and wild-type root apical meristems |
showed no significant difference in |
cellular structures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary roots of Cardamine hirsuta |
have |
prepatterned middle cortex during embryogenesis |
Cardamine hirsuta |
| (WOX11, AT3G03660) expressed in crown roots |
activating |
the meristem |
|
| (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) ∆CTH mutant |
exhibits changes in |
root hair development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GWAS study |
discovered |
developmental regulators |
Populus trichocarpa |
| phytohormone signaling |
contributes to shaping |
plant root system architecture |
|
| CK application in pea |
leads to |
excessive root swelling |
Pisum sativum |
| ralf2 mutant |
had shorter root lengths than |
WT |
|
| Phosphate-Dependent Skewing (PDS) |
is |
exciting addition to understanding phosphate (Pi) importance for plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root tip |
lacks |
suberization |
Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris |
| abscisic acid (ABA) |
is involved in |
root development under water deficit conditions |
|
| 215 down-regulated genes |
are associated with |
root hair cell differentiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pub9-1, ark2-1, and ark2-1/pub9-1 lines expressing GUS under control of auxin-responsive DR5 promoter (DR5::uidA) |
generated |
for investigation of auxin role in ARK2-PUB9-mediated regulation of LR development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| algorithm |
considers |
developmental constraint on branch emergence |
|
| (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) mutant |
develops |
anchor roots (adventitious roots emerging from hypophysis) at 5 days after germination (DAG) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| removal of bottom 2 to 3 millimeters (mm) of root apical meristem at 3 days after germination (DAG) |
dramatically increased |
anchor root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutated ERE lines |
show increased |
root growth compared with (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| low auxin levels |
causes changes in |
root hair growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P-stressed root apices in reduced genotypes |
maintain |
same amount of vasculature necessary for axial transport |
|
| (AHA2, AtHA2, HA2, PMA2, AT4G30190) localization profile |
is specific to |
transition zone |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtG3Pp2, G3Pp2, RHS15, AT4G25220) |
is downregulated in |
(ATNRAMP3, NRAMP3, AT2G23150) (ATNRAMP4, NRAMP4, AT5G67330) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| three anatomical types of lateral roots |
were identified in |
maize |
Zea mays |
| identification of three lateral root types |
raises questions about |
their origin during development |
|
| pPER : CKX fusion construct |
yielded transgenic plants with |
enhanced root system |
Hordeum vulgare |
| root cortical senescence |
reduces |
root metabolic costs |
|
| HOS3 |
inhibits |
maintenance of primary root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMYB62, BW62B, BW62C, MYB62, AT1G68320) overexpressing plants |
show significantly altered |
root system architecture (RSA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMYB62, BW62B, BW62C, MYB62, AT1G68320) overexpressing plants |
show altered |
root system architecture (RSA) |
|
| cortical cell size (CCS) |
varies across |
root cortex |
Zea mays |
| (ATPDX1.1, PDX1.1, AT2G38230) mutant in presence of sucrose (Suc) |
shows lateral root growth impairment |
less pronounced than (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| StCLV2 |
is preferentially expressed in |
root apical meristem (RAM) and base of emerged lateral roots |
Solanum tuberosum |
| auxin and cytokinin cross talk |
mediates |
root development |
Oryza sativa |
| RCc3:OsCKX4 transgenic plants |
showed no obvious effects in |
lateral root development |
Oryza sativa |
| (AtIAMT1, IAMT1, AT5G55250) overexpression |
disrupts |
root elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral root sections 2.5 to 5 mm |
represents |
elongation zone |
Pisum sativum |
| (ATS1P, ATSBT6.1, S1P, AT5G19660) /2p roots |
were still longer than |
17/28 roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) (ETHYLENE RECEPTOR 1) |
controls |
root hair initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin and ethylene |
both stimulate |
root hair proliferation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| m123-1 mutant seedlings |
exhibited |
inhibition of root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SCARECROW (SCR, SGR1, AT3G54220) |
is required for |
radial patterning |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FAS2, MUB3.9, NFB01, NFB1, AT5G64630) mutants |
have defects in |
root apical meristem (RAM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| epi-regulators that only repress LUC gene cassette in roots of CCT431 and CCT396 |
may be specifically directed to LUC gene during |
root development |
|
| LBD genes |
are involved in |
lateral root formation in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| addition of 0.001 µm naphthylacetic acid (NAA) |
was sufficient to rescue |
ark2-1/pub9-1 lateral root (LR) defect in −Pi/−Suc medium |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduction of root metabolic costs |
permits |
more internal resources to be allocated to greater root growth |
|
| reduced root respiration |
would permit |
greater rooting depth |
|
| maize breeding program lines from Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources |
shows range of |
cortical cell file number (CCFN) |
Zea mays |
| genetic and physiological mechanisms of cortical cell file number (CCFN) variation in maize |
are not yet known |
understanding of cortical cell file number (CCFN) variation |
Zea mays |
| maize genotypes with greater cortical cell size |
have |
greater rooting depth |
Zea mays |
| Malawian landraces in MW2012-1 |
show variation in |
cortical cell size (CCS) |
Zea mays |
| root architectural development |
includes |
physiological traits |
|
| (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) mutant |
exhibits |
reduced meristem activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| asymmetric divisions in the endodermis |
lead to |
formation of a middle cortex |
|
| extensin-like proteins |
have a role in |
root hair formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsFBK1 knockdown line |
has increased |
root proliferation |
Oryza sativa |
| etr1-6 and etr1-7 |
root elongation was still sensitive to |
ACC |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| large-CN phenotype |
had 32% shallower |
rooting depth |
Zea mays |
| cpc-1 mutant |
exhibits fewer numbers of |
root hairs |
|
| exogenous auxin |
is sufficient to rescue |
lateral root (LR) developmental defects in ark2-1/pub9-1 lines |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genotypes with less costly root tissue |
could develop |
extensive, deep root systems required to fully utilize soil water resources in drying soil without as much yield penalty |
Zea mays |
| (GNR1, NIA1, NR1, AT1G77760) (ATNR2, B29, CHL3, NIA2, NIA2-1, NR, NR2, AT1G37130) double mutation |
has marginal effect in |
root growth inhibition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high Pi supply |
prevents |
cluster-root production |
Hypoxis prostrata |
| (AtSWEET17, SWEET17, AT4G15920) ectopic expression |
leads to decreased |
root growth in the presence of (ATBHLH029, ATBHLH29, ATFIT1, BHLH029, FIT, FIT1, FRU, AT2G28160) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| relative root growth of wild type and mutants |
was similar when grown on media with or without |
1% (w/v) Suc |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type plants |
do not develop |
anchor roots at 5 days after germination (DAG) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| elevated auxin content in (ATPDX1.1, PDX1.1, AT2G38230) |
impairs |
root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pyruvate |
rescues lateral root formation to levels observed in |
Landsberg erecta |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| altered expression of transcription factors |
is consistent with |
observed defects in (AQC1, HPS7, TPST, AT1G08030) root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) |
interacts antagonistically with |
auxin in inhibiting polar auxin transport during lateral root development and hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| functional redundancy among CKX genes |
explains |
lack of significant difference in root architecture at mature stage |
Oryza sativa |
| reduction in SHORT-ROOT (EAL1, SGR7, SHR, AT4G37650) movement |
triggers |
asymmetric divisions in the endodermis |
|
| roots grown under bright condition |
sustain |
growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATN, ATTAN, TAN1, AT3G05330) (AIR9, AT2G34680) double mutants |
had elongation zones that were statistically significantly shorter |
Landsberg erecta controls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genetic engineering of CK breakdown |
generates |
barley plants with enhanced root system |
Hordeum vulgare |
| shallow root system |
is comparable to |
OsFBK1 overexpression lines |
Oryza sativa |
| ACC (ethylene precursor) |
inhibits |
root elongation |
|
| axial roots in monocots |
are morphologically and developmentally distinct from |
axial roots in dicots |
|
| GLABRA2 (GL2, AT1G79840) |
is required for repression of |
root hair formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cobra-1 mutant |
exhibits |
short and swollen root phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root phenotype of pht4;6 under ionic stress |
shows similarity with |
monensin- or BFA-treated root tips |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtXTH31, ATXTR8, XTH31, XTR8, AT3G44990) |
is predominantly expressed in |
root tips, including elongation zone |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high- and low-NO concentrations |
with very similar developmental consequences in |
root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EAL1, SGR7, SHR, AT4G37650) mutant |
has |
severely shortened main root throughout its life cycle |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EAL1, SGR7, SHR, AT4G37650) |
plays role in |
maintaining root apical meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| specific induction of auxin biosynthesis genes in root meristem |
does not rescue |
root growth in (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| perturbations to root elongation and lateral root production |
are not accompanied by |
patterning defects |
Oryza sativa |
| root system architecture |
is |
complex trait |
|
| CK |
regulates the formation of |
passage cells in the Casparian strip |
|
| ectopic expression of GhPMEI3 |
modulates |
root elongation |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| mutant defective in the expression of (OTU5, AT3G62940) |
produce |
shorter primary roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| both loss-of-function mutants |
had similar numbers of lateral roots in presence and absence of |
ACC treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| maize root system |
contains |
lateral roots |
Zea mays |
| dominant primary root and its laterals |
comprise |
basic architectural phenotype |
|
| increasing the density of the medium with low concentrations of agar |
alleviates |
root swelling symptoms |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Mutants of AtGCN5 |
show |
defects in root quiescent center specification |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type tomato seedlings |
exhibit |
short root phenotype upon NO donor application |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| scl6-II scl6-III (ATHAM3, HAM3, LOM3, SCL6-IV, AT4G00150) mutant seedlings |
have significantly shorter |
primary roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| disruption of a single NPY gene |
did not cause |
obvious defects in root development |
|
| incomplete rescue of (RGFR1, RGI1, AT3G24240) /2/3/4/5 phenotype by proRGI2:MKK4 DD or proRGI2:MKK5 DD |
could account for |
partially rescued primary root length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EMB71, MAPKKK4, YDA, AT1G63700) |
may be directly phosphorylated by |
RGI receptors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduction of stem diameter in (AtHSPR, SMXL4, AT4G29920) (SMXL5, AT5G57130) mutants |
is caused by |
root growth defects |
|
| acidic stress |
negatively regulates |
elongation of plant roots |
|
| root architecture redesign |
generates |
lateral roots (LRs) |
|
| 3-d-old seedlings grown in medium lacking Pi and Suc (−Pi/−Suc) |
ark2-1/pub9-1 has severely reduced numbers of |
lateral roots (LRs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| l-NMMA |
is not toxic to plant roots but |
inhibits root elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| depletion of NO |
reduces |
primary root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pPDX1.3:GUS construct |
shows concentration of GUS activity in |
root tip and lateral root emergence areas |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) seedlings in presence of sucrose (Suc) |
develop |
anchor roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency |
inhibits |
primary root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root enhancer1 (ren1-D) mutant |
exhibits increased |
crown root number |
Oryza sativa |
| (ILL2, AT5G56660) (ILR1, AT3G02875) (IAR3, JR3, AT1G51760) triple mutants |
show |
increased primary root length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| misregulation due to compromising the intact amino terminus |
causes |
reduced ability of mCitAHA2 to rescue impaired root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral root sections 5 to 10 mm |
represents |
mature zone |
Pisum sativum |
| (AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) complemented line |
is longer than |
triple mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| previously published data sets that identify cell type-specific transcriptomes |
were used to |
cluster ACC-regulated transcripts by common developmental response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduction of internal resources available to individual basal root axes |
slowed |
root elongation into deeper soil domains |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| root apical meristem (RAM) |
forms |
underground root system |
|
| lateral roots |
are initiated from |
anti-clinal cell divisions in pericycle |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATXTH17, XTH17, AT1G65310) mutant |
has moderately shorter |
roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| specific root length (SRL) |
is influenced by |
root diameter as well as root anatomy, or tissue mass density |
Zea mays |
| cortical cell diameter |
is weakly correlated with |
cell length |
Zea mays |
| endodermis |
is |
rate-limiting tissue for root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genetic (mutation in auxin signaling) and environmental (severe shading) variations |
translate into |
altered proportions of lateral root types, not into a redefinition of each type |
|
| root system architecture |
involves |
numerous genes |
|