Notice: Database construction is still in progress. Certain features may be incomplete, slower than usual, or temporarily unavailable while we re-ingest the knowledge graph with citation data. Thank you for your patience.
← All pathways

protein targeting

12709 relationships annotated with this phrase. Showing first 500 of 12709.
Source entity Relationship Target entity Species
cTP-APX marks epidermal chloroplasts transiently expressing APX Nicotiana benthamiana
(ML3, AT5G23820) carries N-terminal signal peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
NbAPX3-1 was found in both ER and peroxisome membranes and might be targeted to peroxisomes via pER Nicotiana benthamiana
Escherichia coli DAG kinase (DAGK) is targeted to each leaflet of chloroplast envelope membranes Arabidopsis thaliana
tpTOC75 was shown to target soluble GFP to intermembrane space
DAGK targeted with tpTOC75 is expected to be able to self insert into inner and outer envelope membranes facing intermembrane space
Plastidic FtsZs are nuclear-encoded and targeted to the stroma
unmodified crtB protein with cryptic plastid targeting sequence results in plastid targeting
(RBCS1A, AT1G67090) cTP-mNeonGreen ( cTP-mNG) marks chloroplast body and stromules Nicotiana benthamiana; Arabidopsis thaliana
Pt9029 is translocated into host chloroplasts Triticum aestivum
DAGK targeted with N-DGD1 is expected to insert only in chloroplast outer envelope
NLS from SV40 is inefficient in restricting small GFP fusion proteins to the nucleus
overexpressed Trx h is targeted to protein body
third FtsZ family member in Physcomitrella patens is dually targeted to plastids and cytosol Physcomitrella patens
peroxisomal membrane protein targeting requires ATP and molecular chaperone
all known GPI-anchoring proteins have N-terminal signal sequence
(RBCS1A, AT1G67090) cTP-mNeonGreen ( cTP-mNG) localizes to chloroplast stroma Nicotiana benthamiana; Arabidopsis thaliana
CsCCD2 localization is in agreement with predicted presence of plastid transit peptide Crocus sativus
many nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins lack cleavable transit peptide
non-canonical chloroplast proteins lack predicted chloroplast transit peptide
proteins with mitochondrial targeting peptide may contain N-terminal transit peptides that act as chloroplast transit peptides
dually targeted proteins are almost indistinguishable from mitochondrial targeting peptides and chloroplast targeting peptides
peroxisomal membrane proteins is first targeted to peroxisomal endoplasmic reticulum (pER)
Pt effector protein Pt9029 contains transit peptide Puccinia triticina
(ML3, AT5G23820) and homologous sequences have N-terminal signaling peptide Arabidopsis thaliana; Brassica rapa
first 20 amino acids of (PBS1, AT5G13160) is sufficient for targeting GFP to the plasma membrane (PM) Arabidopsis thaliana
S-acylation of Cys-3 and/or Cys-6 is sufficient for plasma membrane (PM) localization of (PBS1, AT5G13160) independent of myristoylation Arabidopsis thaliana
C-terminal domain structure has been shown to mediate localization to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Rattus norvegicus
(OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) and (OHP2, AT1G34000) contain putative N-terminal chloroplast-targeting sequences Arabidopsis thaliana
thioredoxins remain in cytosol Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Chlamydomonas HLP protein is targeted to chloroplasts Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
proteins lacking cTP might not possess cleavable targeting pre-sequence Arabidopsis thaliana
amino acid distribution suddenly changes at about 90 amino acids in dual targeting peptides (dTPs) Arabidopsis thaliana
Crocus sativus (ALDH3, ALDH3I1, AT4G34240) (CsALDH3I1) contains C-terminal KKXX signal Crocus sativus
ribosome pausing can at least facilitate SRP binding Saccharomyces cerevisiae
several of the thioredoxins are targeted into plastids of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Phaeodactylum tricornutum
(ATPRX Q, PRXQ, AT3G26060) is targeted to chloroplasts Arabidopsis thaliana
117 tentative non-canonical chloroplast proteins possess mitochondrial targeting peptide
dual targeting peptides (dTPs) have ambiguous targeting peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
43-amino acid chloroplast transit peptide suggests protein localization in chloroplast Leucaena leucocephala
PpMSRB1 is predicted to be localized to plastid Physcomitrella patens
PM localization of defense proteins, including receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases and NLR proteins is often mediated by S-acylation
cytosolic sorting mechanisms rest on phosphorylation of transit peptides and interaction of transport substrate with cytosolic 14–3–3 proteins
first N-terminal domain of LCI1 was presumed to serve as signal peptide Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
(EMB2279, EMB88, SOT5, AT1G30610) was predicted to target chloroplasts Arabidopsis thaliana
dually targeted proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana have average length of approximately 53 amino acids Arabidopsis thaliana
underexpressed Trx h counterpart is targeted to cytosol
dually targeted proteins do not show increased overall hydrophobicity compared to mitochondrial targeting peptides and chloroplast targeting peptides
dual targeting peptides (dTPs) show enrichment in phenylalanine compared to chloroplastic transit peptides Arabidopsis thaliana
serine is highly overrepresented in dual targeting peptides (dTPs) compared to mitochondrial presequences Arabidopsis thaliana
serine shows similar amount in dual targeting peptides (dTPs) and chloroplastic transit peptides Arabidopsis thaliana
transmembrane domain in CsALDH3I1 is reminiscent of ER localization sequence Crocus sativus
Cytochrome f (Cyt f) is the only plastid-encoded protein with cleavable signal peptide maize
PpMSRB2.2 is predicted to be localized to plastid Physcomitrella patens
presequence and first transmembrane span of the triose phosphate–phosphate translocator directs yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) Nicotiana tabacum
transit peptides from green algae promote import into chloroplasts
certain proteins have ER signal peptide
CLE proteins have putative signal or membrane anchor peptide at N-terminus
reporter construction Cytc1(1–141)/EYFP consists of N-terminal 141 amino acids of Cytc1 precursor and EYFP
increase in TMD length of the early enzyme GMI from 16 to 23 amino acids resulted in trans-Golgi targeting
cytoplasmic tails of different glycosyltransferases contain important information for their sub-Golgi targeting and concentration
ALB3b protein does not contain the basic lysine-rich C-terminal domain (CTD) from plants Phaeodactylum tricornutum
S-acylation is required for targeting of AvrPphB to the plasma membrane (PM) Arabidopsis thaliana
43 dually targeted proteins are found in organellar proteomes of Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana
protein-coding genes acquired targeting signals
(DCC1, AT5G50100) is localized in mitochondria Arabidopsis thaliana
combination of RFP-fusion and in vitro import assays indicates none of non-cTP proteins possess cleavable presequence Arabidopsis thaliana
PhBS may facilitate import of (ATICS1, EDS16, ICS1, SID2, AT1G74710) to chloroplasts Arabidopsis thaliana
AtNTRC has N-terminal extension that might function as chloroplast-targeting peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
SRP-dependent targeting was found not to be related to ribosome pausing Escherichia coli
dually targeted precursor proteins contain first 100 N-terminal residues Arabidopsis thaliana
preregion contains a signal peptide
CsALDH2B4 and CsALDH6B2 and CsALDH5F1 are predicted to be mitochondrial Crocus sativus
lack of large N-terminal hydrophilic domain in PHT4;6 could account for different sub-cellular localization Arabidopsis thaliana
differences in extent of C-terminal tail domain included in constructs may in part account for difference in protein localization Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana benthamiana
(ATOBGC, ATOBGL, CPSAR1, EMB269, EMB3138, Obg A-2, OBGC, OBGL, AT5G18570) includes predicted transit peptide for chloroplast targeting Arabidopsis thaliana
dual targeting peptides (dTPs) show highest enrichment in arginine compared to chloroplastic transit peptides Arabidopsis thaliana
CSLC protein localized to plasma membrane
N-terminal presequence of (ATOBGC, ATOBGL, CPSAR1, EMB269, EMB3138, Obg A-2, OBGC, OBGL, AT5G18570) included in full-length (ATOBGC, ATOBGL, CPSAR1, EMB269, EMB3138, Obg A-2, OBGC, OBGL, AT5G18570) construct Arabidopsis thaliana
(PBS1, AT5G13160) G2A mutant maintains plasma membrane (PM) localization Arabidopsis thaliana
hydrophobic region at the N terminus of (ATPHB3, EER3, PHB3, AT5G40770) likely serves to anchor (ATPHB3, EER3, PHB3, AT5G40770) to membranes Arabidopsis thaliana
organelle proteome is regulated at targeting of precursor proteins level
major pause site upstream of first transmembrane domain of D1 could facilitate targeting maize
PHT4;6:GFP in yeast PAM2 is mainly targeted to vacuole membrane Saccharomyces cerevisiae
dual targeting peptides (dTPs) show significant enrichment in phenylalanine compared to mitochondrial presequences Arabidopsis thaliana
(nMAT4, AT1G74350) has dual localization Arabidopsis thaliana
PpHXK1 has experimentally determined sub-cellular localization Physcomitrella patens
imported proteins in chloroplasts are further targeted to thylakoid lumen
described CsUGTs none contain chloroplast transit peptides Crocus sativus
(NDA2, AT2G29990) is dual-targeted to mitochondria and peroxisomes Arabidopsis thaliana
dually targeted proteins have lower hydrophobicity than signal peptides directing proteins to ER and Golgi
(FCLY, AT5G63910) coding region contains two potential sequence-specific vacuolar sorting signals Arabidopsis thaliana
reporter polypeptide Cytc1(1–141)/EYFP shows same targeting characteristics as authentic Cytc1 precursor
(TAT, TAT3, AT2G24850) signal sequence contains twin-arginine motif
(OOP, TOP1, AT5G65620) is hypothesized to participate in organelle import processing Arabidopsis thaliana
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (54CP, CPSRP54, FFC, SRP54CP, AT5G03940) is not involved in LHCP recognition Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Arabidopsis thaliana (54CP, CPSRP54, FFC, SRP54CP, AT5G03940) has dual function Arabidopsis thaliana
relative protein abundances combined with MS/MS identifications employed to assess dual targeting and its extent Physcomitrella patens
Each copy of partial PRK-encoding genes includes bipartite targeting peptide Elysia chlorotica
stromal targeting transit peptide of acyltransferase1 (tpATS1) targets DAGK to inner leaflet of inner chloroplast membrane and outer leaflet of thylakoid membranes
substitution of Cys-4 of (EMB3113, PRPS5, RPS5, SCA1, uS5c, AT2G33800) with Ala disrupts (EMB3113, PRPS5, RPS5, SCA1, uS5c, AT2G33800) plasma membrane (PM) localization Arabidopsis thaliana
1-Cys MSRB genes from higher plants code for plastidic proteins higher plants
genuine chloroplast proteins with presequences resembling mTPs likely exist chloroplast proteome Arabidopsis thaliana
dual targeted proteins lack increased hydrophobicity in first 70 amino acids
targeting of precursor protein to correct organelle is very complex process
mitochondrial and chloroplast transit peptides show remarkable similarity in amino acid composition
(RBCS1A, AT1G67090) transit peptide targets plastids
reporter polypeptide Cytc1(1–141)/EYFP is transported into both endosymbiotic organelles
exchange of the cytoplasmic protein parts resulted in alterations in sub-Golgi targeting of two glycosyltransferases involved in glycolipid biosynthesis
putative signal peptide (SP) at the first 20 amino acids of (APD9, FGT2, AT5G66080) is involved in targeting of (APD9, FGT2, AT5G66080) to the PM Arabidopsis thaliana
intrinsic protein signals for lipid-driven sorting of Golgi-resident processing enzymes have not been identified for rapid partitioning model
another in silico-based screen approach predicted that 78 Arabidopsis transcription factors reside in the plastids Arabidopsis thaliana
transit peptide of Cytc1 is able to interact with protein transport machineries of both mitochondria and plastids Pisum sativum
PHT4.1, PHT4.2, PHT4.4, and PHT4.5 are targeted to chloroplasts Arabidopsis thaliana
motifs in cytoplasmic regions of plant membrane proteins have been identified as signals for ER-to-Golgi targeting or retrieval
study by Ouyang et al. (2020) will certainly help to expand understanding of protein targeting in cells
CRS2 orthologs lack predictable targeting signal Arabidopsis thaliana
protein Cytc1(1–141)/EYFP accumulates in mitochondria Pisum sativum
site-directed mutagenesis exchanging cysteine for glycine at position 152 did not impair localization of the protein to the PM Arabidopsis thaliana
PPR proteins are targeted to chloroplasts
CpSRP43-like ankyrin-repeat proteins can be found in red algae, haptophytes, and several species within the SAR clade
longer isoform of (nMAT4, AT1G74350) is observed in mitochondria Arabidopsis thaliana
precursors containing plastid transit peptide implies localization in plastid
extraterminal region (ETR) is necessary for correct cell wall targeting of (XTH29, AT4G18990) Arabidopsis thaliana
different initiation sites result in proteins targeted to plastid Arabidopsis thaliana
permease in chloroplasts 1 (AtTic21, CIA5, PIC1, TIC21, AT2G15290) is targeted to inner envelope Arabidopsis thaliana
feruloyl-arabinoxylans (AtNPF6.3, ATNRT1, B-1, CHL1, CHL1-1, NPF6.3, NRT1, NRT1.1, AT1G12110) 2-xylosyl transferase lacks signature motifs to direct into endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi system
OsHXK4 has experimentally determined sub-cellular localization Oryza sativa
(EMB139, EMB506, STT1, AT5G40160) and (123B, AKR, AKRP, EMB16, EMB2036, STT2, AT5G66055) together facilitate the binding of iOE23 (intermediate form of (OE23, OEE2, PSBP-1, PSII-P, AT1G06680) without the transit peptide) to thylakoid membranes
diatoms have homologs of (54CP, CPSRP54, FFC, SRP54CP, AT5G03940) (CPFTSY, FRD4, AT2G45770) and two variants of (ALB3, AT2G28800) (ALB3a and ALB3b)
(BIGYIN, FIS1A, AT3G57090) contains arginine and two lysines (diK motif) Arabidopsis thaliana
N-terminal fusion of chloroplastic acyl-CoA activating enzyme isoform 14 (AAE14, AT1G30520) with EYFP places predicted PTS1 of AAE14 at free C-terminus
naphthoate synthase (NS/ (DHNS, ECHID, AT1G60550) ) carries putative PTS2 nonapeptide in the N-terminal domain Arabidopsis thaliana
protein transport is generally assumed to be strictly organelle-specific
analogous reporter constructions comprising N-terminal 77 residues of Cytc1 covering transit peptide yield essentially identical results Pisum sativum
similar mechanism involving binding to the short cytoplasmic regions and resulting in either retrieval from late Golgi compartments or retention within distinct cisternae remains to be shown whether exists in plant cells
Type A HXKs specify targeting to plastids
imported proteins in chloroplasts are further targeted to inner envelope
imported proteins in chloroplasts are further targeted to thylakoid membrane
LHCP translocation defect protein (GDC1, LTD, AT1G50900) is apparently missing in diatom genomes
Arabidopsis FC lyase coding sequence contains amino terminal signal sequence Arabidopsis thaliana
CRS2 orthologs are predicted to be targeted to mitochondria Arabidopsis thaliana
THMM used to predict sub-cellular localization of HXK gene family members
HDEL is ER retention signal
(TAT, TAT3, AT2G24850) signal sequence contains hydrophobic domain
ALB3a does contain the basic lysine-rich CTD Phaeodactylum tricornutum
analogous reporter constructions comprising complete coding sequence of Cytc1 yield essentially identical results Pisum sativum
SRP54 protein is universally conserved across all kingdoms of life
ADCL2 targeting cannot be predicted based on available sequence data Solanum lycopersicum
signal peptide of AtWAK2 located at N-terminus of FP Arabidopsis thaliana
protein transport experiments with isolated organelles have the inherent disadvantage that cytosolic factors that might influence targeting specificity are excluded from the assays
different types of GH17 proteins are likely delivered by distinct mechanisms to different plasmodesmata (PD) sites
CTP1, CTP2, and CTP3 trafficking depends on in planta cleavage of an N-terminal signal sequence Melampsora larici-populina
ER–CFP marker construct created by combining signal peptide of AtWAK2 at N-terminus and ER retention signal His-ASP-GLU-Leu at C-terminus Arabidopsis thaliana
CpSRP43-like ankyrin-repeat proteins are missing in Bolidophyceae and diatoms
class III peroxidases are targeted via endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
RRK sequence in (AS2, AT1G65620) is proposed to be part of nucleolar localization signals (NOLS) Arabidopsis thaliana
proteins are targeted to organelles
dual targeted proteins show significant increases in phenylalanine and leucine
dually targeted proteins may be up to 90 residues long
arginine shows 82% more in dual targeting peptides (dTPs) compared to chloroplastic transit peptides Arabidopsis thaliana
VpPsbP contains N-terminal chloroplast transit peptide Vitis piasezkii
(NPC5, AT3G03540) lacks signal peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
TargetP used to predict sub-cellular localization of HXK gene family members
Arabidopsis HXK proteins have experimentally determined sub-cellular localization Arabidopsis thaliana
proteins with mitochondrial targeting peptide may represent transit peptides that target to both chloroplasts and mitochondria
ThrRS–dTP after deletion of 23 N-terminal amino acids was completely inactive when tested experimentally
dual targeting peptides (dTPs) show significant enrichment in serine compared to mitochondrial presequences Arabidopsis thaliana
class III peroxidases are targeted to outside of the plant cell
minor fraction of protein Cytc1(1–141)/EYFP was transported into plastids present in epidermal cells Pisum sativum
WKS1 enters chloroplast Triticum aestivum
sequences with signal peptides are likely to be targeted to cell wall
N-terminal signal sequence mimics plant chloroplast targeting sequences Melampsora larici-populina
(ATIREG3, FPN3, IREG3, MAR1, RTS3, AT5G26820) has indicated chloroplast localization
lavandulyl diphosphate synthase (LiLPPS) contains putative plastidial transit peptide Lavandula x intermedia
RS protein is chloroplast-targeted protein Oryza sativa
(NPC1, AT1G07230) contains signal peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
plant β-adaptins have been tentatively localized at plasma membrane
SCAMPs have been localized in both TGN and recycling endosomes
GSTT proteins from rice have C-terminal motifs for peroxisomal targeting Oryza sativa
GSTT proteins from soybean have C-terminal motifs for peroxisomal targeting Glycine max
OsHXK7 has experimentally determined sub-cellular localization Oryza sativa
latent dual targeting could be the case for more, and maybe many, precursor proteins
(ABCD1, ACN2, AtABCD1, CTS, PED3, PXA1, AT4G39850) region seems to contain targeting information for sub-Golgi localization
imported proteins in chloroplasts are further targeted to inner envelope, thylakoid membrane, or thylakoid lumen
site-directed mutagenesis exchanging cysteine for glycine at position 12 impaired localization of the protein to the PM Arabidopsis thaliana
(54CP, CPSRP54, FFC, SRP54CP, AT5G03940) (CPFTSY, FRD4, AT2G45770) and (ALB3, AT2G28800) proteins are widespread in all algae, including red algae, haptophytes, and the Stramenopila, Alveolata, and Rhizaria (SAR) clade
WLL1 protein is chloroplast-targeted protein Oryza sativa
signal recognition particle (SRP) protein SRP72 in endosperm is highly accumulated at 20–26 days after anthesis (DAA) Triticum aestivum
predicted transit peptides suggested targeting to chloroplasts or mitochondria
recruitment of a specific annexin in a particular membrane is proposed to be dependent on post-translational modification
identity of compartment labelled by EYFP–AtPK7/ (GPK1, AT3G17420) needs to be addressed future studies Arabidopsis thaliana
one CKX per plant genome lacks translocation signal
MITS1 (Mitochondrial-Targeting Signal 1) with W361A mutation is redistributed to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus Arabidopsis thaliana
(NPC3, AT3G03520) lacks signal peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
WLL1-GFP fusion protein localizes to chloroplasts Oryza sativa
(NPC2, AT2G26870) contains signal peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
CsaPT1 and CsaPT4 are plastid-localized Cannabis sativa
Most of the chloroplast proteins are targeted to a specific compartment within the chloroplast
different initiation sites result in proteins targeted to mitochondria Arabidopsis thaliana
C-terminally appended YFP may be masking potential targeting signals in the cytosolic tail of TIP3 Arabidopsis thaliana
nuclear-encoded organelle proteins carry cleavable amino-terminal extensions (presequences or transit peptides)
weak but significant YFP-fluorescence in transformed cells is observed to co-localize with autofluorescence of chlorophyll Pisum sativum
ST–CTS region confers targeting to later Golgi sub-compartment
AtFIS1 proteins containing the corresponding domain plus a few extra amino acids upstream (i.e. YFP–FIS1 TMD+CE) target nucleus Arabidopsis thaliana
diK motif and other basic residues at C-terminal end of Arabidopsis (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) are involved but not critical in peroxisomal targeting of Arabidopsis (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) proteins Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtNPC4, NPC4, AT3G03530) lacks signal peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
multiple steps in targeting to inner envelope and thylakoid membranes include sorting in the stroma
lcy-β2 protein from Hybrid 1B contained predicted plastid transit peptide of 71 amino acids Carica papaya
C-terminal segment may not be essential for plant mitochondrial targeting Arabidopsis thaliana
peroxisomal targeting cannot be predicted with sufficient accuracy computational prediction
advances in protein targeting mechanisms have been made protein targeting mechanisms
N-terminal bipartite targeting sequences with conserved ASAFAP motif is consistent with stromal location Phaeodactylum tricornutum
transit peptide ends with conserved R/K-T/A-A/Q motif at positions 51–53 Triticum aestivum
chloroplast transit peptide (cTP) sequences of CRTR-B1 and CRTR-B2 shared only 56% similarity chloroplast transit peptide (cTP) sequences Solanum lycopersicum
(HEC2, AT3G50330) is directly targeted by CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (ATCOP1, COP1, DET340, EMB168, FUS1, AT2G32950)
some other plant and algal PDATs have distinct subcellular location
hFIS1 protein lacking the last five amino acids at the C-terminal end (SKSKS) were diffused in cytosol
transmembrane domain (TMD) of human (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) (hFIS1) is essential for mitochondrial and peroxisomal targeting of hFIS1 Homo sapiens
DcEXPA2 protein contains signal peptide sequence Dianthus caryophyllus
nature of mature protein can also affect targeting properties of pre-sequence
dual-targeting of proteins is unexpected finding
C-terminal tail of human (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) (hFIS1) is necessary and sufficient for peroxisomal and mitochondrial targeting Homo sapiens
fusion protein with N-terminal EYFP and (AAE14, AT1G30520) indeed targeted plant peroxisomes
γ-gliadin lacks endogenous targeting signals Triticum aestivum
(HCC1, AT3G08950) protein contains mitochondrial import sequence Arabidopsis thaliana
exchange of the essential histidine residue to valine (H20→V) was predicted to render putative PTS2 dysfunctional Arabidopsis thaliana
peroxisomal matrix proteins are generally targeted to matrix by cleavable PTS2 nonapeptide
RS-GFP fusion protein localizes to chloroplasts Oryza sativa
targeting to inner envelope and thylakoid membranes requires multiple steps
(FIS1B, AT5G12390) was recruited to peroxisomes when co-overexpressed with PEX11 protein Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATPTS, PANC, PTS, AT5G48840) peptides and auxiliary or essential targeting elements have not yet been precisely defined peroxisomal targeting prediction
chloroplast proteome analysis includes sub-organelle protein localization for plastoglobules
small region at the extreme C-terminus is not essential for peroxisomal targeting in Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thaliana
polytopic membrane protein have uncommon peculiarity of species-dependent sorting Arabidopsis thaliana; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(BIGYIN, FIS1A, AT3G57090) and (FIS1B, AT5G12390) are dual-targeted to peroxisomes and mitochondria Arabidopsis thaliana
TargetP and Predotar signal peptide prediction algorithms predict that (DRT100, AT3G12610) protein is targeted to the secretory pathway Arabidopsis thaliana
alternative N-terminal processing of pFNRI is important for thylakoid targeting Triticum aestivum
C-terminal full-length fusion protein (AAE14–EYFP) localized to chloroplasts Arabidopsis thaliana
regulation and possible species specificity of dual targeting of (AAE14, AT1G30520) needs to be addressed in future studies higher plants
YFP–FIS1B Δ166–167 was deleted for last two amino acids (RS) of (FIS1B, AT5G12390) Arabidopsis thaliana
putative transit peptide in both BnHO1 and (ATHO1, GUN2, HO1, HY1, HY6, TED4, AT2G26670) supports BnHO1 is counterpart of Arabidopsis (ATHO1, GUN2, HO1, HY1, HY6, TED4, AT2G26670) gene Brassica napus; Arabidopsis thaliana
YFP–FIS1A and YFP–FIS1B fusion proteins are dual-targeted to peroxisomes and mitochondria Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATMSH1, CHM, CHM1, MSH1, AT3G24320) (renamed ) is targeted to chloroplasts Arabidopsis thaliana
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) orthologs in diverse species contain conserved as well as unique features in targeting mechanisms
multiple steps in targeting to inner envelope and thylakoid membranes include translocation across the envelope membranes
reversibly glycosylated polypeptides (RGPs) do not possess signal peptide
Prunus persica protein contains stretch of hydrophobic residues near the N-terminus Prunus persica
loss of At GABA-T's mitochondria targeting ability was due to removal of N-terminal pre-sequence Arabidopsis thaliana
TMD alone can be sufficient for targeting in type I membrane proteins
(ATPTS, PANC, PTS, AT5G48840) peptides have been classified as major (ATPTS, PANC, PTS, AT5G48840) peptides
EYFP–AAE14 permitted C-terminal tripeptide of (AAE14, AT1G30520) (SSL>) to function as a subcellular targeting signal Arabidopsis thaliana
EYFP extended by C-terminal 10 residues of (ATPK7, D6PKL3, AT3G27580) (GPK1, AT3G17420) remained cytosolic Arabidopsis thaliana
BSP plays the role of a signal peptide in plants Zea mays; Arabidopsis thaliana
TCHQD has unknown targeting signal Arabidopsis thaliana
short basic segment at C-terminal end of human (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) (hFIS1) is essential for mitochondrial and peroxisomal targeting of hFIS1 Homo sapiens
membrane proteins destined for the mitochondria have fewer hydrophobic transmembrane segments
OsCEST and (AtCEST, CEST, Y3IP1, AT5G44650) contain transit peptides in their N-terminals Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
GR2-GFP is localized to plastids Nicotiana tabacum
N-terminal extension of MITS1 contains cryptic signal for protein targeting to secretory pathway
signal recognition particle (SRP) protein SRP72 shows high abundance at 12–20 days after anthesis (DAA) Triticum aestivum
ETR-truncated (XTH29, AT4G18990) protein never reaches final destination (cell wall) Arabidopsis thaliana
AtFIS1 proteins missing the corresponding segment at the extreme C-terminus are still largely localized to peroxisomes Arabidopsis thaliana
YFP–FIS1A CT and YFP–FIS1B CT showed punctate fluorescent signals largely co-localized with CFP–PTS1 Nicotiana tabacum
(ATTSPO, TSPO, AT2G47770) is switching sorting mode in a species-dependent manner Arabidopsis thaliana; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
At-A/N-InvA has targeting signal for mitochondrial localization in N-terminal part of the protein Arabidopsis thaliana
targeting domain of (ATGR2, EMB2360, GR, GR2, MIAO, AT3G54660) may convey mitochondrial and/or plastidial localization Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtSCAMP1, SC3, SCAMP1, AT1G61250) has been identified in tobacco BY-2 cells Nicotiana tabacum
OsCAS is sole sequence encoding protein predicted to be localized to mitochondria Oryza sativa
N-terminal targeting peptides direct (DHAR, AT1G19550) class members to the plastid/mitochondrion Arabidopsis thaliana
stop-transfer pathway integrates substrate proteins into IEM during protein translocation
five putative homologues of RecA are predicted to be localized in mitochondria and chloroplasts Arabidopsis thaliana
SSL> is PTS1 of (AAE14, AT1G30520) Arabidopsis thaliana
(AAE14, AT1G30520) is dually targeted to both chloroplasts and peroxisomes higher plants
GFP with first 120 residues of (AAE14, AT1G30520) appended to N-terminus localized to chloroplasts Arabidopsis thaliana
chloroplast proteome analysis includes sub-organelle protein localization for the stroma
maize granule-bound glycogen synthase target LT-B to the plastids Zea mays
N-terminus of Solanum lycopersicum GABA transaminase 1 (Sl GABA-T1) contains molecular targeting information that is both necessary and sufficient for proper localization to mitochondria Solanum lycopersicum
chloroplast and plant mitochondrial proteins have similar targeting sequences
hFIS1 protein lacking the last five amino acids at the C-terminal end (SKSKS) failed to localize to peroxisomes
intense signal from GmFAD7 protein bands in chloroplasts is consistent with chloroplastic localization of (AtFAD7, FAD7, FADD, AT3G11170) protein Glycine max
(APAO, ATPAO1, PAO1, AT5G13700) is suggested to have cytosolic localization Arabidopsis thaliana
(MSL2, AT5G10490) and (MSL3, AT1G58200) comprise N-terminal chloroplast transit peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
Cpr4 contains long amino-terminal signal peptide Saccharomyces cerevisiae
alanine residue in position 361 influences targeting properties of N-terminal sequence tobacco
(ATGSTZ1, AtMAAI, GST18, GSTZ1, MAAI, AT2G02390) (GSTL1, AT5G02780) (GSTL2, AT3G55040) (GSTL3, AT5G02790) and DHARs 1–3 lack N-terminal targeting peptides Arabidopsis thaliana
ZmXTH1 possesses N-terminal signal peptide Zea mays
Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial-targeting signal 1 (MITS1) protein successful targeting to mitochondria is influenced by N-terminal extension serving as a targeting peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
recruitment of a specific annexin in a particular membrane is proposed to be dependent on membrane oxidation
(ATPK3, PK3, AT5G08160) is indicated to be nuclear-targeted Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial-targeting signal 1 (MITS1) protein successful targeting to mitochondria is influenced by domains in the full-length protein Arabidopsis thaliana
mature LT-B protein has no targeting ability for the secretory system Zea mays; Arabidopsis thaliana
MITS1 1–11 is insufficient to target YFP to organelles efficiently tobacco
OsCAS–YFP protein mainly targets mitochondria Arabidopsis thaliana
predicted C-terminal tripeptide of (E-COAH-2, ECHIA, AT4G16210) (SKL>) is PTS1 of (E-COAH-2, ECHIA, AT4G16210) Arabidopsis thaliana
deletion of the putative N-terminal targeting domain of NS/ (DHNS, ECHID, AT1G60550) resulted in shortened fusion protein (NS/ECHIdΔN–EYFP) remained cytosolic Allium cepa
ARM repeat composition in (ARABIDILLO-1, ARABIDILLO1, FBX5, AT2G44900) and (ARABIDILLO-2, ARABIDILLO2, AT3G60350) appears to allow for nuclear targeting in an NLS-independent manner Arabidopsis thaliana
PSORT prediction favoured plastidial location of (ATGR2, EMB2360, GR, GR2, MIAO, AT3G54660) Arabidopsis thaliana
51-amino acid N-terminal extension of (ATGR2, EMB2360, GR, GR2, MIAO, AT3G54660) contains targeting domain Arabidopsis thaliana
N-terminal 46 amino acids of At (GABA-T, HER1, POP2, AT3G22200) is sufficient for mitochondrial localization Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum
12–39 amino acid region of MITS1 can function as promiscuous targeting signal for microsomal and mitochondrial membranes tobacco
Theta class GSTs in other plants have C-terminal motifs that are likely to result in peroxisomal targeting
signal peptide of CaChitIV targets CaChitIV protein to the ER Nicotiana benthamiana
YKT6 targeting is dependent on N-terminal longin domain
mitochondrion- and plastid-localized (GABA-T, HER1, POP2, AT3G22200) isoforms have targeting mediated by predicted N-terminal presequences Solanum lycopersicum
GSTTs in animals and fungi have no such obvious targeting sequences peroxisomal targeting sequences
(COR413-TM1, COR413IM1, COR414-TM1, DEG25, AT1G29395) protein is model substrate
multiple transmembrane segments may be required for efficient targeting of polytopic proteins to the IEM
first 45 amino acids of LeCDJ1 constitute plastid target signals Solanum lycopersicum
transmembrane segment plays key roles in determining IEM localization of single-spanning IEM proteins
subcellular localization of LT-B in plant cells is determined by presence or absence of a signal sequence such as BSP or ZSP Zea mays; Arabidopsis thaliana
lambda class (GSTL2, AT3G55040) contain unambiguous N-terminal targeting peptides Arabidopsis thaliana
12 hydrophobic membrane-spanning domains and preponderance of positively charged amino acid residues on the cytoplasmic face of BicA follow positive-inside rule
YFP–FIS1A TMD+CE construct contained last 32 amino acids of (BIGYIN, FIS1A, AT3G57090) Arabidopsis thaliana
(AAE14, AT1G30520) is dually targeted to both plastids and peroxisomes Arabidopsis thaliana
last 26 amino acids of hFIS1 were successfully targeted to peroxisomes and mitochondria
(FIS1B, AT5G12390) was recruited to peroxisomes Arabidopsis thaliana
cTP of Ipomoea CHYB shared 56% and 59% identity with cTP sequences of tomato CRTR-B1 and CRTR-B2 Ipomoea sp.; Solanum lycopersicum
Csβ-LCY2 containing predicted transit peptide suggests similar location to β-LCY1 Citrus sinensis
predicted secondary structure of N-terminal sequence suggests targeting of MITS1 to mitochondria
GSTTs in Arabidopsis were expressly targeted to peroxisomes or nucleus Arabidopsis thaliana
C-terminal SKM or SKI motifs would be anticipated to target peroxisome Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATNOA1, ATNOS1, NOA1, NOS1, RIF1, SVR10, AT3G47450) proteins are targeted to chloroplast Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa
GPI anchoring and release may confer localized or polarized targeting
N-terminus region is location of mitochondrial targeting sequence Arabidopsis thaliana
leaderless pre-sequence (lacking first 11 amino acids) directed YFP protein fusions to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATGSTU12, GSTU12, AT1G69920) polypeptide sequence revealed N-terminal extension of 25 amino acid residues containing a putative nuclear localization signal (KKRKK) Arabidopsis thaliana
most of the GSTs tested lack obvious targeting sequences Arabidopsis thaliana
IEM proteins utilize two distinct pathways for their targeting to the IEM
specialized pathway for polytopic membrane proteins in chloroplasts remains unclear whether it exists
(ATCDSP32, CDSP32, TRXL1, AT1G76080) is chloroplast-targeting protein Nicotiana benthamiana
N-terminal 45 amino acids of (ATGR2, EMB2360, GR, GR2, MIAO, AT3G54660) contains targeting information Arabidopsis thaliana
ER marker (ER cherry) contains a red fluorescent protein fused to the signal peptide of the Arabidopsis thaliana wall-associated kinase 2 and an HDEL motif for retention in the ER Arabidopsis thaliana
(CCD4, NCED4, AT4G19170) enzymes show targeting sequence
mutation of tryptophan residue at position 361 (W361A) resulted in redistribution of MITS1 (Mitochondrial-Targeting Signal 1) Arabidopsis thaliana
chimeric signal sequences may retain ability for ER and mitochondria targeting
(GSTL2, AT3G55040) has N-terminal targeting peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
RePRPs have standard signal peptide in the N-terminal region Oryza sativa
mature tpATS1-DAGK has potentially inserted into inner leaflet of inner envelope or outer leaflet of thylakoid membranes Arabidopsis thaliana
ROOT AND POLLEN ARFGAP (AGD10, MEE28, RPA, AT2G35210) localizes via 79 C-terminal amino acids Arabidopsis thaliana
long form of BbrizExoV protein localizes to nucleus of onion epidermal cells Brachiaria brizantha; Allium cepa
N-terminal region of (nMAT4, AT1G74350) transcript harbors mitochondrial and plastid targeting signals Arabidopsis thaliana
(nMAT4, AT1G74350) demonstrates several unusual features including presence of two potential initiation codons encoding plastid or mitochondrial forms Arabidopsis thaliana
role of the transmembrane domain for targeting of ST is less clear for ST plants
monocot sequences show dual localization
signal peptide sequence of SP-SUBEX-C57Y replaced by cytoplasmic-transmembrane and stem (CTS) region from cis-Golgi-resident α-mannosidase I (MANIB, MNS1, AT1G51590)
(ABCD1, ACN2, AtABCD1, CTS, PED3, PXA1, AT4G39850) regions from GCSI, (MANIB, MNS1, AT1G51590) and ST have been used to target proteins to ER and Golgi apparatus
(COR413-TM1, COR413IM1, COR414-TM1, DEG25, AT1G29395) does not utilize soluble intermediate for its targeting to the IEM
(MSL2, AT5G10490) and (MSL3, AT1G58200) encode proteins with N-terminal chloroplast transit sequences Arabidopsis thaliana
ShMTP1 expressed in Arabidopsis is localized to tonoplast Arabidopsis thaliana
DcEXPA1 protein contains signal peptide sequence Dianthus caryophyllus
(ARABIDILLO-1, ARABIDILLO1, FBX5, AT2G44900) and (ARABIDILLO-2, ARABIDILLO2, AT3G60350) carry nuclear localization signal (NLS) Arabidopsis thaliana
The phi class (ATGSTF5, ATGSTF8, GST6, GSTF8, AT2G47730) contains a chloroplast-targeting peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
requirement of multiple transmembrane segments for IEM targeting of polytopic membrane proteins will make definition of the physical characteristics of any IEM targeting signal difficult to define physical characteristics of IEM targeting signal
(ANU10, AT1G28530) protein with transmembrane domain suggests that these proteins are anchored to chloroplast membranes Arabidopsis thaliana
insertion/folding and orientation of BicA in the inner envelope membrane (IEM) is expected to be governed by 12 hydrophobic membrane-spanning domains and preponderance of positively charged amino acid residues on the cytoplasmic face of the transporter
CK2 α4 subunit is targeted to chloroplast Arabidopsis thaliana
(APG1, E37, IEP37, VTE3, AT3G63410) is substrate of stop-transfer pathway
GFP fused to (PDE320, TGD4, AT3G06960) may sequester or expose signal peptide
small portion of polytopic IEM proteins may play a role in their targeting
targeting of (COR413-TM1, COR413IM1, COR414-TM1, DEG25, AT1G29395) to the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts involves multiple transmembrane segments
thylakoid membrane is default destination for hydrophobic membrane proteins within chloroplasts if they do not have the IEM insertion signal
polytopic IEM proteins also possess cleavable transit peptide
two pathways have been analyzed in detail using proteins carrying a single transmembrane domain
two glycosyl hydrolase family 17 proteins ( (AT4G34480) and (AT5G58090) ) are several Arabidopsis proteins with a highly hydrophobic C-terminal extension Arabidopsis thaliana
N–glycan analysis allows discrimination between ER retention and Golgi targeting
isocitrate lyase in Chlamydomonas lacks any known targeting sequence Chlamydomonas
SUBSTANDARD STARCH GRAIN4 (SSG4) protein is localized to amyloplasts Oryza sativa
cysteine protease identified in yeast two-hybrid contained vacuolar sorting signal
alternative translation initiation in eukaryotes regulates trafficking of different isoforms to various cellular compartments
16-amino acid (16–aa) peptide aptamer (PAP) targets rice (HAP1, MAGO, MEE63, AT1G02140) proteins Oryza sativa
Arabidopsis (ROC7, AT5G58710) has been localized to ER Arabidopsis thaliana
N-terminal signal peptide guides its insertion and translocation into the ER lumen
N-terminal extension of MITS1 functions alone as efficient targeting signal to mitochondria tobacco
peptide 12–39 maintained similar cluster of cationic amino acids
omega-class GSTs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are known to be targeted to peroxisomes Saccharomyces cerevisiae
ParA has no obvious localization signal Nicotiana tabacum
BicA incorporation into chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membranes contrasts with transplastomic expression of Arabidopsis IEM (ATTIC40, PDE120, TIC40, AT5G16620) protein that specifically integrates into IEM Nicotiana tabacum; Arabidopsis thaliana
(COR413-TM1, COR413IM1, COR414-TM1, DEG25, AT1G29395) does not utilize soluble intermediate for targeting to the IEM
six genes among the 20 candidates encode chloroplast-localized proteins Arabidopsis thaliana
dual targeted proteins have significant increase of arginine
shortest sequence capable of conferring dual targeting of GFP to mitochondria and chloroplasts is 60 amino acids long
ProTerNyc software predicts signal peptide length
purified amyloplasts during grain development would represent ideal material to assess localization of A3OE protein within endosperm Triticum aestivum
(DCC1, AT5G50100) contains mitochondrial signal sequence Arabidopsis thaliana
two thioredoxin-like proteins in Medicago truncatula are targeted to endoplasmic reticulum Medicago truncatula
dually targeted proteins have low content in alanine residues
rat microsomal ALDH C-terminal domain is responsible for posttranslational targeting to the ER Rattus norvegicus
amino acid distribution is similar up to about 90 amino acids in dual targeting peptides (dTPs) Arabidopsis thaliana
OsARG protein contains predicted mitochondrial targeting peptide at N-terminal end Oryza sativa
code region (amino acid (aa) 60-198) of Mtm1p plays an important role in localization of the protein to the mitochondria Arabidopsis thaliana
uncleaved signal-anchor sequence directs binding of nascent protein to ER
chloroplasts accumulate soluble intermediate in the stroma during targeting of the (ATTIC40, PDE120, TIC40, AT5G16620) protein
Three clones from high Cu condition encode (ATCCS, AtHMP03, CCS, AT1G12520) precursor with functional chloroplast transit sequence Arabidopsis thaliana
AtRad52-1A-NT construct lacks transit peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
transit peptide is necessary and sufficient for targeting the precursor into chloroplasts
AtCURT1A harbors putative N-terminal chloroplast transit peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
nuclear localization signal (NLS) derived from Simian Virus 40 (SV40) is used to restrict MS2-GFP to the nucleus
(CRR6, AT2G47910) has cTP predicted as mTP Arabidopsis thaliana
AtMSRB2 encodes plastidial isoform plastidial protein Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATSYP73, SYP73, AT3G61450) transmembrane domain is simply required to anchor cytosolic domain to the ER Arabidopsis thaliana
targeting pathways are involved in targeting of proteins within the interior of chloroplasts
(CPR5, HYS1, OLD1, AT5G64930) has amino-terminal signal peptide directing to ER Saccharomyces cerevisiae
signal peptides direct (ATCDS1, CDS1, AT1G62430) CDS2.1 and CDS3 to the ER membrane Arabidopsis thaliana
signal-anchor sequence (TM1 and TM2) targets (ATTIC110, TIC110, AT1G06950) protein to the inner membrane
Arabidopsis thaliana (EXOVL, AT5G60370) protein is exception to single localization pattern of dicot (EXOV, AT3G57110) proteins Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis enzyme has subcellular localization Arabidopsis thaliana
TargetP analysis predicted presence of a transit peptide Zea mays
BoVML1 is targeted to chloroplasts Brassica oleracea var. capitata
ChloroP prediction favoured plastidial location of (ATGR2, EMB2360, GR, GR2, MIAO, AT3G54660) Arabidopsis thaliana
peptide 12–39 capable of targeting YFP to the mitochondria tobacco
microsomal signal sequence may be cleaved to activate mitochondrial targeting signal
OsCAS transit peptide has been identified targeting mitochondria Oryza sativa
AtRad52-1A construct contains AtRad52-1A wild-type nuclear localization signal Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtTK1b, TK1b, TK2, AT5G23070) accumulated in plastids and mitochondria in other assays Arabidopsis thaliana
targeting pathway of polytopic IEM proteins is distinct from targeting pathway of monotopic IEM proteins
Type B HXKs specify targeting to mitochondria
cpSRP pathway targets proteins to thylakoid membranes
diatoms lack (CAO, CPSRP43, AT2G47450) homologs
chloroplasts is the organelle where (ATICS1, EDS16, ICS1, SID2, AT1G74710) is targeted Arabidopsis thaliana
FtsZ3 is dually targeted to plastids and cytosol Physcomitrella patens
moderate hydrophobicity and net positive charge of mitochondrial Tom20 receptor evades SRP-dependent ER targeting
(AtTK1b, TK1b, TK2, AT5G23070) might be located in both organelles and not exclusively in the mitochondria Arabidopsis thaliana
dual targeting of proteins to organelles can rely on production of two different polypeptides from single gene through alternative transcription or translation initiation sites
Most plant PPR proteins contain N-terminal signals that target them to energy-producing organelles Land plants
peroxisome membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase has membrane peroxisome-targeting signal (mPTS)
first part of cleavable targeting information of (MAR1, TOC75, TOC75-III, AT3G46740) is stroma targeting sequence
6-phosphogluconolactonase 3 (EMB2024, PGL3, AT5G24400) is predicted to have peroxisome-targeting signal (PTS1) Arabidopsis thaliana
N–terminal Golgi-targeting region of (CGL, CGL1, GNTI, AT4G38240) contributes to sub-Golgi localization
peroxisomal citrate synthase and malate synthase enzymes have peroxisomal targeting signal at the C-terminus (PTS1) or N-terminus (PTS2)
longer form of BbrizExoV is directed to nucleus Brachiaria brizantha
(ATSYP22, ATVAM3, SGR3, SYP22, VAM3, AT5G46860) targets foreign molecules to vacuolar membrane Arabidopsis thaliana
ptATS2b contains classical signal peptide (amino acids 1-21) Phaeodactylum tricornutum
modified crtB protein with plant plastid targeting sequence fused to N-terminus results in plastid targeting
transgenic alleles target respective organelles Glycine max
DAGK similarly targeted in tobacco with transit peptide of (AtSSU, GGPPS12, GGR, SSU, AT4G38460) was found to be inserted in both inner envelope and thylakoid membranes Nicotiana tabacum
unmodified crtB protein contains cryptic plastid targeting sequence Pantoea ananatis
CsZCD enzyme did not contain typical cleavable transit peptide
(NAI2, AT3G15950) has signal peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
mPTS is crucial for peroxisome membrane localization of NbAPX3-1 Nicotiana benthamiana
2-Cys PRX-A is targeted to chloroplasts Arabidopsis thaliana
(ML3, AT5G23820) contains N-terminal signal peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
single construct fusing bacterial protein to Rubisco small subunit N-terminal peptide targets Escherichia coli DAG kinase (DAGK) Nicotiana tabacum
PNC proteins are the only members targeted to plant peroxisomes Arabidopsis thaliana; Glycine max
ST–CTS region targets to later Golgi sub-compartment than XylT–CTS region
Vps74p protein has been found to directly bind to conserved motif in the cytoplasmic tail of glycosyltransferases Saccharomyces cerevisiae
LTD- and CpSRP43-related proteins are probably restricted to the green lineage
coincident detection of membrane curvature and electrostatics provides signal for early endosome / trans-Golgi network (EE/TGN) targeting
transit peptide of translocon at outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts, 75 kD (tpTOC75) targets DAGK to inner leaflet of outer envelope membrane and outer leaflet of inner envelope membrane
transit peptide of Pt9029 is essential for directing Pt9029 localization to chloroplasts Nicotiana benthamiana
stromal targeting transit peptide of small subunit of Rubisco (SSU) targets E. coli DAGK to inner leaflet of inner chloroplast membrane and outer leaflet of thylakoid membranes Nicotiana tabacum
N-terminal signal peptide of (ML3, AT5G23820) may direct targeting to vacuole or secretory pathway Arabidopsis thaliana
(MAR1, TOC75, TOC75-III, AT3G46740) is unique among chloroplast outer envelope membrane proteins in that it has cleavable targeting information
N-terminus of nMAT4L contains mitochondrial targeting signal Arabidopsis thaliana
(F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) lacks signal sequence for intracellular translocation to specific organelles Antirrhinum majus
proteins are transported into peroxisomes
class III peroxidases are targeted to vacuole
PPR proteins are targeted to mitochondria
(EMB2024, PGL3, AT5G24400) targeting to plastids or peroxisomes is mediated by C-terminal targeting signals
oligomerization of human (CGL, CGL1, GNTI, AT4G38240) is suggested to play a major role for Golgi retention mammals
N–terminal extensions present on each SlCPT gene are predicted to encode transit peptide Solanum lycopersicum
predicted transit peptide suggests possible plastid localization
SP-mRFP-TMD9 and SP-mRFP-SUBEX-C57Y-TMD9 ER localization suggests that additional domains from (AtTMN1, EMP12, TMN1, AT1G10950) are required for ER exit and Golgi retention
predicted transit peptide for plastid targeting of GmPTs when removed, resulted in GmPTs not confined to cytoplasm but observed in other subcellular compartments Glycine max
hydrophobic transmembrane region probably represents internal signal-recognition motif Zea mays
Arabidopsis chitinase (ATHCHIB, B-CHI, CHI-B, HCHIB, PR-3, PR3, AT3G12500) is one of several Arabidopsis proteins with a highly hydrophobic C-terminal extension Arabidopsis thaliana
live-cell imaging provides information on sub-Golgi targeting
absence of a (ATPTS, PANC, PTS, AT5G48840) sequence in a protein has been demonstrated in some cases to not prevent targeting to the peroxisome
CPLD49 has predicted amino-terminal chloroplast transit peptide Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
EHM-targeting signal (aa 20-30) is presented in N1 fragment
motif 11 spans putative signal peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
(OOP, TOP1, AT5G65620) has putative N–terminal signal peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
shorter form of BbrizExoV is directed to chloroplast Brachiaria brizantha
G6PDH1 targeting to peroxisomes is mediated by internal PTS1
extraplastidial CDS proteins of Arabidopsis lack typical N-terminal targeting sequences Arabidopsis thaliana
some functional ssVSDs are also found in middle or at the C-terminus of the protein
binding of cytosolic proteins may mediate sub-Golgi localization
second, discrete signal is necessary for targeting to IEM and thylakoid membranes
(ASA1, BIG, CRM1, DOC1, LPR1, TIR3, UMB1, AT3G02260) cell wall targeting was confirmed in cell wall extracts after sequential washing of suspension-cultured wild-type (Col) cells Arabidopsis thaliana
N-terminal domain of Pescadillo (PES, AT5G14520) is required for nucleolar localization of Pescadillo (PES, AT5G14520) Nicotiana benthamiana; Arabidopsis; tobacco BY-2 cells
OsASL1.1 is localized in plastid Oryza sativa
transmembrane domain of mammalian N–glycan processing enzymes plays an important role for Golgi retention mammals
local concentration of PI(4,5)P2 at the PM is sufficient to drive PIP2-interacting proteins to PM Arabidopsis thaliana
SP-mRFP-TMD9 was attached the same (AtTMN1, EMP12, TMN1, AT1G10950) region
(emb1692, LEFKO, AT5G62990) is targeted to chloroplasts
45-aa extra-terminal region (ETR) domain is necessary but not sufficient for correct targeting of (XTH29, AT4G18990) towards cell wall Arabidopsis thaliana
(NPC6, AT3G48610) contains signal peptide Arabidopsis thaliana
(AthCF1beta, ATPB, CF1beta, PB, ATCG00480) localization signal provides functional mitochondrial localization signal Arabidopsis thaliana
dicot (EXOV, AT3G57110) proteins show only one localization
chloroplast proteins use alternative chloroplast-targeting pathway involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus
SlCPT1–7 encode proteins with N-terminal targeting sequences Solanum lycopersicum
BbrizExoV might have dual localization Brachiaria brizantha
OHP1-sGFP and OHP2-sGFP chimeric proteins localize to chloroplasts Nicotiana tabacum
thioredoxins are targeted into plastids Phaeodactylum tricornutum
targeting peptide consists of average 60 amino acids for chloroplastic targeting peptides Arabidopsis thaliana
ProTerNyc software allows prediction of signal peptide
NbAPX3-1 has one mPTS at its C-terminal Nicotiana benthamiana
DAGK fusion constructs include or do not include chloroplast-specific N-terminal targeting information
untargeted DAGK is expected to integrate into membranes accessible to cytosol, including chloroplast outer envelope
second part of cleavable targeting information of (MAR1, TOC75, TOC75-III, AT3G46740) is necessary to sort (MAR1, TOC75, TOC75-III, AT3G46740) to outer envelope membrane