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protein evolution

22029 relationships annotated with this phrase. Showing first 500 of 22029.
Source entity Relationship Target entity Species
Tubby-like family of proteins (TLPs) are widely found in Caenorhabditis elegans Caenorhabditis elegans
ZmTFCB-h is missing DEI motif Zea mays
gene duplication events in the Spermatophyta lineage led to loss of N-terminus PRR domain in GLK subgroup
AtChiC shows amino acid sequence homology to MtChit5 Arabidopsis thaliana; Medicago truncatula
PpPINA (Pp3c23_10200) shares sequence identity above 86% with PpPINB (Pp3c24_2970) Physcomitrella patens
Tubby-like family of proteins (TLPs) are widely found in mice Mus musculus
results concerning structure found for one ALMT (aluminum-activated malate transporter) are probably valid for other members of ALMT (aluminum-activated malate transporter) family
carotene globule protein (CGP) shows low level of homology to SOUL domain-containing protein Dunaliella bardawil
M. polymorpha genome possesses three EXO70 paralogs Marchantia polymorpha
(MED8, AT2G03070) protein functions in Phaeodactylum tricornutum have evolved differently from (MED8, AT2G03070) protein functions in Arabidopsis Phaeodactylum tricornutum; Arabidopsis thaliana
green algae encoding (TGS1, AT1G45231) proteins possessing and lacking a WW domain
Tubby-like family of proteins (TLPs) are present in maize Zea mays
(AtNPF2.12, NPF2.12, NRT1.6, AT1G27080) (AtNPF2.13, NPF2.13, NRT1.7, AT1G69870) (AtNPF1.2, NPF1.2, NRT1.11, AT1G52190) and (NRT1.12, AT3G16180) belong to subgroup IV of the (AtNPF6.3, ATNRT1, B-1, CHL1, CHL1-1, NPF6.3, NRT1, NRT1.1, AT1G12110) /PTR family
phylogenetic trees from plant (TGS1, AT1G45231) sequences provide evidence for conservation of a specific domain architecture across land plants
HORVU5Hr1G089230 clusters with (FAR1, AT5G22500) from the grasses Aegilops and Brachypodium Hordeum vulgare; Aegilops; Brachypodium
protein sequences of eight Arabidopsis PIP isogenes were clustered with VvPIPs Arabidopsis thaliana; Vitis species
findings reported for (ML3, AT5G23820) may also apply to paralogs ML6 and (AML5, ML5, AT1G29400) Arabidopsis thaliana
functional divergence between land-plant and Streptophytic algae PIN proteins is suggested by inability of Klebsormidium PIN to complement Arabidopsis pin mutants Arabidopsis thaliana; Klebsormidium
SR proteins in Arabidopsis have shown plant specificity at the primary sequence level Arabidopsis thaliana
(RFL9, RPF4, AT1G62910) is close homolog of (PPR1, AT1G06580)
FAR sequences have split of predicted ER-localized FARs from monocots (clade I) or dicots (clade II)
Subfamily D contains (ATMKK7, BUD1, MKK7, AT1G18350) (ATMKK8, MKK8, AT3G06230) (ATMKK9, MKK9, AT1G73500) and (ATMKK10, MKK10, AT1G32320) Arabidopsis thaliana
(ABCC1, ATABCC1, ATMRP1, EST1, MRP1, AT1G30400) is the closest paralog of (ABCC2, AtABCC2, ATMRP2, EST4, MRP2, AT2G34660) Arabidopsis thaliana
RfCTD is derived from PPR motifs
OsALKBH5 shared highest sequence similarity with atALKBH9B Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica; Arabidopsis thaliana
(FAR1, AT5G22500) (FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE 1) is transposase-derived transcription factor
(SMXL6, AT1G07200) shares identity with (SMAX1, AT5G57710) Arabidopsis thaliana
MdLRP14 exhibits 31% identity to R protein (BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) Malus domestica
Raf-like kinases phylogenetically considered subfamily of MKKKs Arabidopsis thaliana
(RL2, AT5G45160) protein has high sequence homology to (GOM8, RHD3, AT3G13870) Arabidopsis thaliana
major lipid droplet protein (MLDP) shares only very limited sequence homology with carotene globule protein (CGP) Dunaliella bardawil
proregions of (PMES, AT4G10050) are homologous to PMEI genes from kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) and Arabidopsis Actinidia deliciosa; Arabidopsis thaliana
plant and nematode CLE proteins have no sequence similarity except for the CLE motif domain
four sequences lacking N-ter cap and E5–10 domain do not contain VEF repeat
(FIE2, FIS2, AT2G35670) and VEF-L36 are derived from (VRN2, AT4G16845)
(XXT3, AT5G07720) (XXT4, AT1G18690) and (XXT5, AT1G74380) have only 65% similarity with (ATXT1, AtXXT1, XT1, XXT1, AT3G62720) and (ATXT2, AtXXT2, TXT2, XT2, XXT2, AT4G02500) Arabidopsis thaliana
Wilms tumor susceptibility gene (WT1) has stable and long evolutionary history
PSR2 L2 position was replaced by conserved (TRP, AT3G56390) in g164 Plasmopara viticola; Phytophthora sojae
(ML3, AT5G23820) and its closest homologs form Brassicales-specific subfamily of ML domain proteins
(ATXT1, AtXXT1, XT1, XXT1, AT3G62720) and (ATXT2, AtXXT2, TXT2, XT2, XXT2, AT4G02500) have 85% sequence similarity Arabidopsis thaliana
3D FT and FEH protein structures were similar among different species
ZmBELL12 POX domain does not have similar structure to ZmBELL10 POX domain Zea mays L.
ZmBELL10 is evolutionarily related to Arabidopsis (BEL1, AT5G41410) Zea mays L.; Arabidopsis thaliana
MdLRP14 shares high homology with LRR-F-box proteins in apple Malus domestica
Subfamily B contains (ATMKK3, MKK3, AT5G40440) Arabidopsis thaliana
TBL/DUF231 family proteins have sequence similarity to N-terminal region of the fungal protein Cas1p
OsPP18 and Arabidopsis HOPW1-1-INTERACTING2 (WIN2, AT4G31750) share 83% sequence identity Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
E163D and S270N exchanges in PPCKA are difficult to determine evolutionary order for evolutionary timing Flaveria
Clade I GluRSs showed progressive appearance of novel domains such as GST_C, tRNA-synt_C, repeats of WHEP domain, and chimeric GluRS-ProRS
NIP7;1 proteins show greater evolutionary divergence from the other two NIP II groups
nematode has a sequence that shares (AtZAT6, C2H2, CZF2, ZAT6, AT5G04340) and VEF domain with Su(z)12
VEF genes is characterized by VEF domain mobility
thioredoxin and thioredoxin-like proteins show remarkable diversification in trees
Sec MSRBs are present only in mammals Homo sapiens
three-domain structure of MpGLK represents ancestral-type GLK architecture Marchantia polymorpha
AtHMA5 is closest homolog of OsHMA5 in Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana
Val-85 and Tyr-88 are conserved in IGSs
most PpCIPKs fall into algal-type clade Physcomitrium patens
FAR sequences have separation of plastid-localized FARs into clades III (dicots) and IV (monocots)
HORVU5Hr1G089230 amino acid sequences are identical in Bonus and Morex Hordeum vulgare
Tyr-236 and Ser-265 of NtChiV are substituted in MtNFH1 by Lys-241 and Gly-267 Nicotiana tabacum; Medicago truncatula
major lipid droplet protein (MLDP) is part of unique group of green algal proteins Dunaliella bardawil
g164 predicted structure is similar to Alphafold-predicted structure of related protein from P. halstedii Plasmopara viticola; Plasmopara halstedii
(AtHSPR, SMXL4, AT4G29920) shares identity with (SMAX1, AT5G57710) Arabidopsis thaliana
algal-type clade includes AtCIPK24 (ATSOS2, CIPK24, SNRK3.11, SOS2, AT5G35410) and (ATCIPK8, CIPK8, PKS11, SnRK3.13, AT4G24400)
Raf-like and ZIK/WNK subfamilies are divergent from canonical MKKKs Arabidopsis thaliana
3D structure of GH32 family is highly conserved
(SHOU4L, AT1G16860) phosphorylation is highly conserved among (SHOU4L, AT1G16860) family members from different multicellular plant organisms Physcomitrium patens; Citrus sinensis
Tubby-like family of proteins (TLPs) are present in plants such as Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thaliana
MpPUB9 displays 67.8% sequence identity with MpPUB10 Marchantia polymorpha
kinase-derived family might have evolved from kinase domain family in ancestors of angiosperms Arabidopsis thaliana
SMXL proteins share identity with (SMAX1, AT5G57710) Arabidopsis thaliana
rice RePRPs and their orthologs belong to unique clade in the (HUP39, PRP, AT3G23170) subfamily Oryza sativa
motif in AhMYB2.1 differentiates AhMYB2.1 from other BvMYB1-clade proteins Amaranthus hypochondriacus; Beta vulgaris
AtPIP2-6 and VvPIP2-3 were more divergent proteins Arabidopsis thaliana; Vitis species
(ATRL1, RL1, RSM2, AT4G39250) protein has high sequence homology to (GOM8, RHD3, AT3G13870) Arabidopsis thaliana
ZmTFCB-h is natural (EMB2804, TFCB, AT3G10220) ΔDEI variant Zea mays
EXO70.2 subgroup suggests extensive evolutionary and functional diversification
AtPIP2-1 and AtPIP2-3 clustered with VvPIP2-1 and VvPIP2-4 Arabidopsis thaliana; Vitis species
four MAT homologs in Arabidopsis present near 90% identity between each other in their amino acid sequences Arabidopsis thaliana
VEF of PtEMF2_4 remained in the same clade as that of PtEMF2_1 and PtEMF2_2 Populus trichocarpa
barley has 17 SAM domain-containing proteins Hordeum vulgare
functional differentiation among EXO70 proteins in Marchantia polymorpha may not be fully established Marchantia polymorpha
FAR1-BINDING PROTEIN 3 (CPD45, FHY3, AT3G22170) is transposase-derived transcription factor
(SMXL2, AT4G30350) shares identity with (SMAX1, AT5G57710) Arabidopsis thaliana
SlTIP1;1 and SlTIP2;2 are most distantly related members of their subfamily Solanum lycopersicum
Arabidopsis ortholog (ADK, ATPADK1, AT2G37250) falls into same phylogenetic group as potato plastidial isoform of adenylate kinase Arabidopsis thaliana; Solanum tuberosum
molecular phylogenetic analysis of full-length predicted protein sequences revealed three large groups of PME and PMEI Arabidopsis thaliana
E80D, G160A, G165R, R185M, and L257F exchanges in PPCKA probably precede A4T, I135L, S147G, Y211H, E217D, and E273K exchanges Flaveria
D DX motif is highly conserved in bacterial BCSA structure
(FIE2, FIS2, AT2G35670) is only remotely related to other (AtEMF2, CYR1, EMF2, VEF2, AT5G51230) proteins
slightly altered bHLH-interaction motif in AhMYB2.1 had conserved leucine residue replaced by isoleucine Amaranthus hypochondriacus
OsSYP132 is homologous to OsSYP132b Oryza sativa
(ATRUB1, NEDD8, RUB1, AT1G31340) is closest homolog of ubiquitin
single phylogenetic group of tonoplast major intrinsic proteins includes four TIP subfamilies (TIP1–TIP4)
SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 7 (ATSPL7, SPL7, AT5G18830) -like proteins seem plant specific
SEMPH motif is unique to (PBS1, AT5G13160) Arabidopsis thaliana
ER-localized sHSP22 most resembled class I cytosolic sHSP17.6, 18.1, and 17.4 Arabidopsis thaliana
D DX motif is highly conserved in plant CESA proteins
thioredoxin and thioredoxin-like proteins do not show remarkable diversification in animal kingdom
(AtEMF2, CYR1, EMF2, VEF2, AT5G51230) (VRN2, AT4G16845) class proteins show strong sequence similarity
plastoglobules-associated protein-fibrillins form distinct protein family
amino acid sequence of the A′α helix is better conserved than amino acid sequence of the Jα helix
His-Phe or His-Tyr pairs are often arranged in very similar positions (His-[X 57–59 ]-Phe/Tyr) in many kinases, including plant receptor-like kinases
Medicago truncatula PP2AB′1 has no closely related Arabidopsis homolog Medicago truncatula; Arabidopsis thaliana
two of four fibrillins in D. bardawil βC-plastoglobuli most closely resemble homologs in eyespot proteome of C. reinhardtii Dunaliella bardawil; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
amino acid exchanges in PPCKA sequences could indicate order of structure optimization Flaveria
OsPIN5a, OsPIN5b, and OsPIN5c are grouped into (PIN5, AT5G16530) cluster Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
OsPIN9 is monocot-specific PIN protein Oryza sativa
SWR1 complex and (H2A.Z, HTA11, AT3G54560) variant seems not to be restricted to yeast and animals
C-terminal part of (CP12, CP12-2, AT3G62410) is homologous to C-terminal extension (CTE) of GAPDH
thioredoxin and thioredoxin-like proteins show remarkable diversification in plants
myosin XI-F tail domain is homologous to yeast myo2p vacuole-binding domain Nicotiana benthamiana; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
five-amino acid motif in the C-terminal half of the kinase domain is different in PpPBS1 (NSRAA) and (PBL27, AT5G18610) (NARAP) compared with (PBS1, AT5G13160) (SEMPH) Arabidopsis thaliana
pollen allergens conservation could be reflected in diversification of function of expressed proteins Oryza sativa
20 angiosperm families contain 20 sequences with complete N-ter domain
choline monooxygenase (CMO) is member of the non-heme oxygenase family
PAP-fibrillin sequences in βC-plastoglobuli show clear similarity to plastoglobulins in plants and algae (PAP-FIBRILLIN1, FBN7, and FBN8) Dunaliella bardawil; Arabidopsis thaliana; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
(VAC1, VAC14, AT2G01690) phosphorylation site is conserved in land plants Arabidopsis thaliana
chimpanzee has three VEF protein homologs Pan troglodytes
class II TPS proteins have less well conserved TPS active site residues Arabidopsis thaliana
subgroup IIIf can be divided into two clusters
PPR (pentatricopeptide repeat) protein family originated from tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain
UGT79, UGT91, and UGT94 families are classified in orthologous group 8 (OG8)
NblB is distantly related to CpcE Nostoc
(PBL27, AT5G18610) is most similar paralog to (PBS1, AT5G13160) Arabidopsis thaliana
pentapeptide DPSHW is conserved in closest plant homologs of (PGF5, AT3G16850)
ppcB PEPC showed Q15H exchange Flaveria
sequences outside FAD-binding and substrate-binding domains display strong divergence
SlMPK1 is homologous to ZmMPK5 Solanum lycopersicum; Zea mays
OsPIN2 forms sister pair with (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
N-ter cap loss could be achieved by mutation of the first ATG
chlorophyll a oxygenase (CAO) is member of the non-heme oxygenase family
amino acid exchanges at positions 160, 163, and 165 in PPCKA include Gly-to-Arg exchange at position 165 Flaveria
PfLipL2 (smaller lipoate ligase of Plasmodium falciparum) is more similar to plant lipoate-protein ligases Plasmodium falciparum
(PFD2, AT3G22480) subunit has sequence similarity with yeast (PFD2, AT3G22480) /GIM4 subunit Arabidopsis thaliana; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
SOUL3 heme-binding protein is homolog of SOUL3 recently identified in eyespot of C. reinhardtii Dunaliella bardawil; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
two D. bardawil (IM30, PTAC4, VIPP1, AT1G65260) homologs clearly resemble proteins in other green algae from Volvocales order Dunaliella bardawil
Alignment of MLA, (At-SCL33, ATSCL33, SCL33, SR33, AT1G55310) and Sr50 with Rx and Bs2 shows that region required for autonomous cell death signaling is not conserved between two groups
protein sequence alignment based on identity/similarity did not identify any animal protein with VEF domain linked to FIS2's S-rich or VEF-L36's L36 domain
various conformational states of ancestral HXK might have been stabilized by different sequence changes
(FAD4, FADA, AT4G27030) and -like paralogues have diverged with different structural and functional properties
PsbP family is highly conserved in higher plants
GRAS family is absent in Ostreococcus lucimarinus Ostreococcus lucimarinus
differences in amino acid composition of (BAM1, AT5G65700) and (BAM3, AT4G20270) suggest they have undergone thermal adaptation Arabidopsis thaliana
KINASE-INDEPENDENT 17 (AtKIN17, KIN17, AT1G55460) orthologs in higher eukaryotes display high degree of sequence similarity
type 1 amino acid exchanges in PPCKA probably precede type 3 amino acid exchanges Flaveria
three conserved motifs of OsERS1 are highly conserved in 40 GluRS homologs
two plastid-localized (HSP70, AT4G16660) homologs in Arabidopsis in contrast to mitochondrial and plastid isoform of prolyl-cis-trans-isomerases in moss Arabidopsis thaliana; Physcomitrella patens
Thr in the kinase activation loop and the FISL motif are conserved throughout PKS family
(ACC2, AT1G36180) (8.2% of conserved residues differed) shows more variation than (115D-4A, ACC1, AT-ACC1, EMB22, GK, GSD1, PAS3, SFR3, AT1G36160) (2.2% differed) Arabidopsis thaliana
work on D. bardawil lipid droplet proteomes provides indications that βC-plastoglobuli in D. bardawil evolved from eyespot lipid droplets Dunaliella bardawil
one accession with substitution E1689G was identified at same location as pas3-1 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana
OsPP18 is in same cluster with Arabidopsis HOPW1-1-INTERACTING2 (WIN2, AT4G31750) Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
(ACC2, AT1G36180) shows more variation in conserved residues than (115D-4A, ACC1, AT-ACC1, EMB22, GK, GSD1, PAS3, SFR3, AT1G36160) Arabidopsis thaliana
SlSPRH1 is homologous to Arabidopsis (PH2, AT1G04330) Solanum lycopersicum; Arabidopsis thaliana
Chlamydomonas and other volvocean algae contain two VIPP paralogs, (IM30, PTAC4, VIPP1, AT1G65260) and VIPP2 Chlamydomonas
rice has four members of (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) sub-family Oryza sativa
thioredoxin f (TRX f) exists only in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms
416 amino acid residues perfectly conserved in multikingdom alignment were analyzed in (115D-4A, ACC1, AT-ACC1, EMB22, GK, GSD1, PAS3, SFR3, AT1G36160) (ACC2, AT1G36180) sequences Arabidopsis thaliana
logical possible origins of βC-plastoglobuli are two types of lipid droplets in green algae chloroplasts: plastoglobules and eyespot lipid droplets
Arabidopsis UspA kinases is large family Arabidopsis thaliana
Rx1-like (ATCCS, AtHMP03, CCS, AT1G12520) might have evolved different mechanisms for signaling than MLA10-like (ATCCS, AtHMP03, CCS, AT1G12520)
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) protein is only distantly related to other E(z) homologs Brassicaceae
sequence identity of AtFNR2 to Anabaena sp. PCC7119 FNR is 51.8% Arabidopsis thaliana; Anabaena sp. PCC7119
(ADK, ATPADK1, AT2G37250) and potato plastidial adenylate kinase isoform showed 76% identity Arabidopsis thaliana; Solanum tuberosum
two (ABC1, ABCI8, ATABC1, ATNAP1, LAF6, AT4G04770) kinase sequences in D. bardawil βC-plastoglobuli closely resemble eyespot assembly protein EYE3 in C. reinhardtii Dunaliella bardawil; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
SlMPK1 is homologous to (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) Solanum lycopersicum; Arabidopsis thaliana
full-length Populus and Arabidopsis VRN2-like sequences in the same clade despite lack of the VEF repeat in PtVRN2_4 Arabidopsis thaliana; Populus trichocarpa
plastoglobules-associated protein-fibrillins have no sequence or structural similarities to oleosins
sequence identity of AtFNR1 to Anabaena sp. PCC7119 FNR is 51.5% Arabidopsis thaliana; Anabaena sp. PCC7119
OsFBK1 shares >50% protein sequence homology Oryza sativa
future investigation of domain architectures in animal VEF proteins would provide insights into evolutionary trends of VEF proteins in plants versus those in animals
Ser-44 phosphorylation of SlSPRH1 is conserved between SlSPRH1 and (PH2, AT1G04330) Solanum lycopersicum; Arabidopsis thaliana
Clade I GluRSs showed more complex structures
(CLF, ICU1, SDG1, SET1, AT2G23380) clade includes (CLF, ICU1, SDG1, SET1, AT2G23380) homologs in Selaginella Selaginella
VEF genes is characterized by functional divergence of homologous sequences
VEF domain plays a major role in protein evolution
other plants contain multiple isoforms of Trx h
CGP differs in sequence from sequenced green algae MLDPs, fibrillins, and plant oleosins Dunaliella bardawil
KinH shares 66.5% amino acid identity and 76.2% similarity with KinG Arabidopsis thaliana
N-terminal half of (LRX4, AT3G24480) shows high homology to LRX8-LRX11 Arabidopsis thaliana
ARABIDOPSIS TROTHORAX (ATX) 1-5 are (CLF, ICU1, SDG1, SET1, AT2G23380) homologs Arabidopsis thaliana
S-rich and L36 domains are abundant in nature
single (NDF2, NDH45, PnsB2, AT1G64770) and (NDF5, AT1G55370) homolog in Physcomitrella patens is suggested to be either an original form from which two plant proteins have evolved Physcomitrella patens
structurally similar channels of same family share sequence identity of 40% or higher in core regions
ancestral HXK was functionally promiscuous
increased rate of evolution among Group 5 (HKL, HLP1, AT1G66080) proteins could be due to relaxed selection pressure
rare example of convergent evolution for Mo_F35H2 appears to be affected by protein thermostability selection
HAM homologs were identified in Treubia lacunose Treubia lacunose
five SOUL heme-binding protein sequences in D. bardawil do not resemble CGP Dunaliella bardawil
βC-plastoglobuli may have evolved from amplification of eyespot Dunaliella bardawil
NIP7;1 proteins evolved more recently other NIP II proteins
(CLF, ICU1, SDG1, SET1, AT2G23380) homologs are identified in Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana
nine sequences lack N-ter cap
Protochlorophyllide (Pchlide)-dependent Translocon Component of 52 kDa (ACD1-LIKE, PTC52, TIC55-IV, AT4G25650) is member of the non-heme oxygenase family
SKRP orthologs are prevalent in wide range of plant species including important crops
Plant HXKs are thought to have arisen by common descent from ancestral protein
protein's conformational flexibility can impart functional differences
α-proteobacteria contain RimM protein Zea mays
HAM homologs were identified in mosses and hornworts
OsLPLA and AtLPLA have very similar amino acid sequences Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
OsCKX4 is more closely related to Arabidopsis CKX proteins Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
genes possessing all domains found in (AtEMF2, CYR1, EMF2, VEF2, AT5G51230) exist in insects and mammals
caseinolytic protease proteolytic subunit (ClpP) is ortholog of Arabidopsis mitochondrial ClpP Physcomitrella patens; Arabidopsis thaliana
(ADK, ATPADK1, AT2G37250) and potato plastidial adenylate kinase will require additional phylogenetic analysis to determine their orthologs Arabidopsis thaliana; Solanum tuberosum
SlMKS1a protein is 95% identical to wild tomato ShMKS1 protein Solanum lycopersicum; Solanum habrochaites ssp glabratum
(VAC1, VAC14, AT2G01690) phosphorylation site is not present in yeast and mammals Arabidopsis thaliana; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Homo sapiens
Putative LPLAs from higher plants and green algae form sister group to PfLipL2 Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; Plasmodium falciparum
(H2A.Z, HTA11, AT3G54560) diverged from major H2A
one of the (atTIC20, AtTic20-I, TIC20, Tic20-I, AT1G04940) paralogs is very similar to component found in pea Arabidopsis thaliana; Pisum sativum
four cysteine residues at positions 10, 13, 20 and 24 in the ZF motif are perfectly conserved in all members of the subfamily Arabidopsis thaliana
N-terminal extension appears to be specific to plant TPSs
WHEAT TANDEM KINASE1 (WTK1) is likely derived from fusion of WAK and RLCK subfamily VIII domains Triticum aestivum
aligned amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analyses found that two clades of apparent (HKL, HLP1, AT1G66080) proteins exist among higher plants
TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL-1, TFL1, AT5G03840) is closely related to FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) Arabidopsis thaliana
MDP0000175918 is 97.1% identical to PpMYB140 Malus domestica; Pyrus pyrifolia
(ATTPS2, TPS2, AT1G16980) and (ATTPS4, TPS4, AT4G27550) have accumulated mutations over time that in combination alter the conformation of the protein Arabidopsis thaliana
N. suaveolens CIN varies in 38 amino acids Nicotiana suaveolens
Arabidopsis (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) and (ATFD2, FD2, FED A, AT1G60950) clustered with leaf-type ferredoxins Arabidopsis thaliana
PRPS19 is homolog of E. coli ribosomal protein S19 Zea mays
low complexity regions are thought to be heritable evolutionary elements
understanding of functions of ancestral HXK could be important to understanding mechanism of protein evolution within plant HXK family
Glycoside-specific glycosyltransferases (GGT) forms molecular phylogeny composed of UGT79, UGT91, and UGT94 families
eukaryotic enzymes have fused (Plsp2B, TPP, AT2G30440) and TPS domains
(AT-NLM1, ATNLM1, NIP1;1, NLM1, AT4G19030) is closest homolog of (ATNLM2, NIP1;2, NLM2, AT4G18910) Arabidopsis thaliana
N. suaveolens CIN varies from N. alata and N. langsdorfii TERs Nicotiana suaveolens; Nicotiana alata; Nicotiana langsdorfii
plant 14-3-3 protein isoforms share sequence and structural features with human 14-3-3 protein family
RimM domain exists in prokaryotes such as cyanobacteria and bacteria Zea mays
multiple functional features and/or sequence elements of ancestral protein have differentially associated in derived lineages
G254 and P339L are universally conserved in CRYs
VvGRF4 did not group with any Arabidopsis protein Vitis vinifera; Arabidopsis thaliana
(FLA19, AT1G15190) genes in G. arboreum and G. raimondii exhibit functional sequences with normal conserved sites Gossypium arboreum; Gossypium raimondii
six (TMS, AT5G05570) of (ATRBL10, ATRBL14, RBL10, RBL14, AT3G17611) are homologous to Escherichia coli GlpG (TMS, AT5G05570) Arabidopsis thaliana; Escherichia coli
fourth conserved amino acid (G) in domain 1 of GmSPX9 has mutated into D (aspartic acid) Glycine max
(ATIREG3, FPN3, IREG3, MAR1, RTS3, AT5G26820) shares about 20% identity with (ATIREG1, FPN1, IREG1, AT2G38460) and (ATIREG2, FPN2, IREG2, AT5G03570) Arabidopsis thaliana
FPN amino acid sequences were aligned from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtFPN1, AtFPN2 and AtFPN3), Homo sapiens (HsFPN), (MUS, AT1G75640) musculus (MmFPN), Danio reio (DrFPN) and Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus (BbFPN) Arabidopsis thaliana; Homo sapiens; Mus musculus; Danio rerio; Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
most of plant HXK lineages have undergone similar rates of evolution
MAIN, (MAIL1, AT2G25010) and (MAIL2, AT2G04865) encode very similar proteins Arabidopsis thaliana
subgroup IIIf-2 includes VvMYCA1 Vitis vinifera
LeHT1 exhibits close identity with sub-group of STP transporters Solanum lycopersicum
conservation between WAKs and WAKLs appears in EGF and kinase domains
leucine-44 in (APD9, FGT2, AT5G66080) is widely conserved among putative (APD9, FGT2, AT5G66080) orthologs from other dicotyledonous species dicotyledonous species
SPLAYED (CHR3, SYD, AT2G28290) and BRAHMA (ATBRM, BRM, CHA2, CHR2, FFO3, AT2G46020) proteins share conserved domains Arabidopsis thaliana
functional similarities between RLKs and RLCKs is high
euAP3 motif originated from paleoAP3 motif
(HCC1, AT3G08950) protein is homologous to (HCC2, AT4G39740) protein Arabidopsis thaliana
metacaspases are distantly related to animal caspases
nuclearly encoded proteins give rise to plant-specific RNA binding protein families
AtTPS8–AtTPS11 contain one substitution in trehalose moiety binding residues Arabidopsis thaliana
N-terminal extension must have been acquired early in plant evolution
slight differences in recognition mode of cytochrome c (C c) / 14-3-3 protein complexes have been acquired to subtly adapt biochemical pathways
Arabidopsis (AHP4, AT3G16360) protein groups with monocot (CDC73, PHP, AT3G22590) clade Arabidopsis thaliana
RLKs and RLCKs cluster together with Pelle proteins and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs) of animals
class I proteins have better conserved TPS active site residues Arabidopsis thaliana
active site is well conserved in Arabidopsis Class II protein (Plsp2B, TPP, AT2G30440) domain Arabidopsis thaliana
AtTPS5–AtTPS7 contain two substitutions in trehalose moiety binding residues Arabidopsis thaliana
BjuA024891 is homology of Arabidopsis CK2B1 Brassica juncea; Arabidopsis thaliana
diversified functions of HXK isoforms exist at least as far back in evolutionary time as Selaginella Selaginella moellendorffii
cytochrome c (C c) / 14-3-3 protein complexes have evolved to conserve same main features
HAM homologs are absent in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
residues buried at dimeric interface show higher sequence conservation
NblB is distantly related to CpcE subunit of E/F-type lyases cyanobacteria
Lf (ATTPS1, TPS1, AT1G78580) represents neofunctionalization of a compartment-switching terpene synthase Leucophyllum frutescens
BBX proteins have diverged in physiological and molecular function
(AtGLDP2, GLDP2, AT2G26080) shares 91% sequence identity with (AtGLDP1, GLDP1, AT4G33010) Arabidopsis thaliana
(MIR170, AT5G66045) /171 binding site is well retained in non-angiosperm HAM genes
GmHAM, CaHAM, and OsHAM belong to type-II group with conserved ancestral (MIR170, AT5G66045) /171 binding site
His residue change at position 100 adjacent to first Asp-rich motif results in change in substrate preference and product specificity from (ATBZIP27, BZIP27, FDP, AT2G17770) to GDP Lithospermum erythrorhizon
effectors with common structural scaffolds can evolve to quite different functions
different sequence changes allowing more specialized functions to be established during evolution
NAC proteins form large family with 117 members from Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thaliana
zinc-finger (ZF) motif of (AS2, AT1G65620) (residues 10–24) is strongly conserved among class 1a subfamily of (AS2, AT1G65620) /LOB protein family Arabidopsis thaliana
ATPase domain is most conserved domain between (CHR3, SYD, AT2G28290) and (ATBRM, BRM, CHA2, CHR2, FFO3, AT2G46020) Arabidopsis thaliana
PpHAM is from Physcomitrella patens Physcomitrella patens
NF-Y subunits undergo genetic expansion in plants
cis-proline in TRX is already observed in inferred pre-Cambrian TRXs
D119 is substituted by isosteric asparagine in CrTRXf2 and m Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
natural selection leads to multifunctional proteins
comparison of βC-plastoglobuli proteome with previously published proteomes of other lipid droplets may provide clue to evolutionary origin of βC-plastoglobuli Dunaliella bardawil
(VAC1, VAC14, AT2G01690) protein sequence is highly conserved from yeast to human Arabidopsis thaliana; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Homo sapiens
L6V exchange on N terminus of ppcA PEPC is characteristic for intermediate and C4 species Flaveria
sHSP22 has 49% amino acid similarity with HSP26p from yeast Arabidopsis thaliana
studies investigating evidence for directional selection on the VEF domain will be helpful to assess the likelihood of (VRN2, AT4G16845) evolution following gene or genome duplication
zebra fish has two VEF protein homologs Danio rerio
(CDC73, PHP, AT3G22590) clade from dicots contains Asn at the position of the conserved His residue
highly conserved putative orthologs of (SGC, AT4G18530) are present in many species
(MIR170, AT5G66045) /171 binding site is ancestral trait for the HAM family
plant SPX proteins are divisible into three groups Glycine max; Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; Phaseolus vulgaris
ortholog of PpMYB114 has not been identified in apple Malus domestica
BdFAR4 shares high sequence similarity with monocot FARs Brachypodium distachyon
both mechanisms might occur also among plant (HKL, HLP1, AT1G66080) proteins
divergent members in each subtype exist in rhomboid family
(ELL1, FK, HYD2, AT3G52940) and corresponding orthologs are derived from dicot and grass species
(AtNPC4, NPC4, AT3G03530) has 88% similarity in overall amino acid sequences with (NPC5, AT3G03540)
(AtDRB2, DRB2, AT2G28380) (DRB3, AT3G26932) and (DRB5, AT5G41070) have high amino acid sequence identity each other Arabidopsis thaliana
LysM1 and LysM3 are highly variable in CEBiP homologs in diverse plant species
alternative splicing of five OsRLCK genes may lead to further functional diversification of RLCK gene family Oryza sativa japonica
wheat (ATRGP1, RGP1, AT3G02230) and (ATRGP2, MUR5, RGP2, AT5G15650) share 70% sequence similarity with Arabidopsis (ATRGP2, MUR5, RGP2, AT5G15650) Triticum aestivum; Arabidopsis thaliana
PHD finger is found in many regulatory proteins from plants to animals plants; animals
GAUTs 8, 9, 10 and 11 have been placed in two separate sub-clades ( (AtNPF6.3, ATNRT1, B-1, CHL1, CHL1-1, NPF6.3, NRT1, NRT1.1, AT1G12110) and B-2)
(GAUT13, AT3G01040) and (GAUT14, AT5G15470) are very closely related to (GAUT12, IRX8, LGT6, AT5G54690)
Lack of VvGRF4 orthologue in Arabidopsis indicates evolutionary divergence between grapevine and Arabidopsis GRF families Vitis vinifera; Arabidopsis thaliana
BjuA024891 is clustered in CK2B1 sub-family Brassica juncea
CYP81A10v7 protein has protein sequence identity of 77.4% to CYP81A6 (rice) Lolium rigidum; Oryza sativa
(ATSEC14, SEC14, AT4G39180) proteins are diversified in Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana
subneofunctionalization enhanced LCO specificity of NFR5/NFP
CsPAT is homologue of the vacuolar storage protein patatin of potato tubers
AtNDC80 is widely present in eukaryotes Arabidopsis thaliana
non-catalytic proteins might not be uncommon situation among families of plant enzymes
SINEs (short interspersed elements, such as Alu repetitive elements) induces dysfunction or neofunctionalization of corresponding proteins Homo sapiens
conserved effector folds may serve as general-purpose scaffolds
Os (AtCERK1, AtLYK1, CERK1, LYK1, LYSM RLK1, AT3G21630) is homolog of Arabidopsis (AtCERK1, AtLYK1, CERK1, LYK1, LYSM RLK1, AT3G21630) Oryza sativa
VANC proteins have diversified by gaining and losing domains
maize (AtTCP14, TCP14, AT3G47620) TCP40 and TCP25 have high homology with class-I genes of the TCP family in Arabidopsis Zea mays; Arabidopsis thaliana
subgroup I-1 includes GmSPX2/4/5/9 and PvSPX3 Glycine max; Phaseolus vulgaris
CYP81A10v7 protein has protein sequence identity of 73.2% to Nsf1 (corn) Lolium rigidum; Zea mays
(ATIREG3, FPN3, IREG3, MAR1, RTS3, AT5G26820) diverged from bacterial ancestor Arabidopsis thaliana
7S type globulins in Brachypodium grain may be related to vicilin-like globulins found in dicotyledonous seeds Brachypodium distachyon
NRG1 paralog (NRG1.3, NRG1C, AT5G66890) is paralog of NRG1
XET-C domain motif is present in Selaginella (XTH1, XTR22, AT4G13080) Selaginella
three FPN/IREG family members were identified in Arabidopsis according to phylogenetic analysis Arabidopsis thaliana
Three types of GS, such as GSI, GSII, and GSIII were found in living system
fourth conserved amino acid (G) in domain 1 of GmSPX5 has mutated into E (glutamic acid) Glycine max
RimM domain has long evolutionary history Zea mays
most substitutions are neutral
amino acid mutations in GmSPX2/4/5/9 strongly suggests unique functions evolved for GmSPX2/4/5/9 members Glycine max
bifunctional hybrid enzymes are similar to those that evolved early on in evolution and are still retained in some prokaryotes
tandem kinase proteins (TKPs) evolved by fusion of kinase domains
Arabidopsis (ATMED14, MED14, SWP, AT3G04740) shares significantly high similarity at the N-terminal end with OsMED14_1 Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa
(ATSPO11-1, SPO11-1, AT3G13170) protein is evolutionarily conserved
GhADF proteins contain substitution sites Gossypium hirsutum
red chlorophyll catabolite reductase (RCCR) has 84% sequence identity to plastid-localized (ACD2, ATRCCR, AT4G37000) protein of Arabidopsis Brassica napus; Arabidopsis thaliana
(RRM1, AT3G54760) is a paralog of (PDP1, AT5G27650) (PDP2, AT3G09670) and (PDP3, AT5G40340)
proteins of mitochondria and chloroplasts could retain ancestral directionality
functional, RBR1-interacting LxCxE motif is present in dicots
Ile-161 residue is substituted by Ala (OsGS1;2, OsGS1;3) and (REM11, VAL, AT5G60140) in others (GLN1;3, GLN1;4, GLN1;5, (ATGSL1, GLN2, GS2, AT5G35630) and OsGNL2) Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa
group I SPX members can be classified into three subgroups Glycine max; Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; Phaseolus vulgaris
protein may gain through stochastic processes new reactions
horizontal gene transfer (HGT) co-option and functional integration leverages ancestral activity
mBnHO1 deduced amino acids share 48% identity with (HO2, AT2G26550) product Brassica napus; Arabidopsis thaliana
ligand-binding α/β hydrolases are related to bacterial transcriptional regulators (RsbQ)
subgroup I-1 suggests distinct evolutionary path for legume SPX members Glycine max; Phaseolus vulgaris
histone fold domain (HFD) residues are highly conserved in plant, mammal and Aspergillus HFDs Arabidopsis thaliana; Aspergillus niger
cytosolic GDS in Lithospermum erythrorhizon features single His residue change at position 100 Lithospermum erythrorhizon
chloroplast protein (CP12, CP12-2, AT3G62410) N-terminal part is less conserved conservation
(HCC1, AT3G08950) protein is homologous to yeast Sco1p protein Arabidopsis thaliana; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
VvHT3 and LeHT3 share high amino acid sequence identity (75%) Vitis vinifera; Solanum lycopersicum
two separate proteins in one organism may physically interact if fused into a single protein in another organism
amino acid residue at position 111 is not well conserved among other CBLs Hordeum vulgare; Oryza sativa
VvGST1 and Bz2 had residues differing from other anthocyanin-transporting GSTs Vitis vinifera; Zea mays; Arabidopsis thaliana; Petunia hybrida
TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL-1, TFL1, AT5G03840) shares homology with mammalian phosphatidylethanolamine binding proteins Arabidopsis thaliana; Mammalia
TLPs have diverse protein sequences
GmHAM is from Glycine max (soybean) Glycine max
CYP81A10v7 variants in S plants showed 96-100% amino acid sequence identity to CYP81A10v7 Lolium rigidum
tandem-duplicated Os07g31960, Os07g32010, Os07g32020 and Os07g32060 genes encode proteins with sequences more similar to one another than to other rice UGTs Oryza sativa
structural comparisons of effectors from diverse phytopathogens revealed families harboring domain duplications and insertions of disordered regions
VANC proteins have diversified by modifying their DNA-binding specificities
genetic novelty upon which later complexity could be built through exaptation
VvWOX5 showed most variable sequences VvWOX5 gene Vitis vinifera
metazoan YTHDF proteins contain short linear motif (SLiM) similar to PABP-interaction SLiM in (ECT2, AT3G13460)
LZ motifs in Group III cation-efflux members are very conserved in Group III cation-efflux members
mBnHO1 deduced amino acids share 84% identity with (HO3, AT1G69720) product Brassica napus; Arabidopsis thaliana
PgMYB1, PgMYB8, and PgMYB14/PgMYB15 are phylogenetically distinct but share conserved DBDs Picea glauca
one or several of the moss IPTs indeed belongs to same ADP/ATP-IPT family as those of flowering plants Physcomitrella patens
CcCDR protein shows 73% identity with maturation-associated like Src1 protein of Carica papaya (AAL73185) Cajanus cajan; Carica papaya
FLA19-D in CCRI9106 was different in two key aspects from FLA19-D in upland cotton TM-1 Gossypium hirsutum
MDP0000175918 is orthologous to PpMYB140 Malus domestica; Pyrus pyrifolia
mammalian LPLA2 is close homolog of LCAT-PLA
LysM2 residues directly involved in chitin binding are conserved among CEBiP homologs in diverse plant species
Leu zipper (LZ) motif in the C-terminal of PtdMTP1 sequence is highly conserved among plant CDFs Populus trichocarpa
nucellain is barley homologue of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) Hordeum vulgare
Cter-SUN and mid-SUN protein lineages are distinct subfamilies
extended analysis to include FU sequences from plants and the protozoan Leishmania (lFU) did not detect same colinear regions of similarity
RhoGAP domain of (REN1, AT4G24580) shares ~54% similarity with p190-RhoGAP RhoGAP domain Arabidopsis thaliana
nucleotide differences in VvWOX genes in some cases cause amino acid change Vitis vinifera
ancestral roles of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) may provide insights into functional histories
frameshift mutation generates euAP3 motif
predicted DgCCD8s are 78% identical to PhDAD1 Dendranthema grandiflorum; Petunia hybrida
short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases (SDRa) is a member of superfamily of short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases Arabidopsis thaliana
eukaryotes have more GSII
structurally related effectors diversified through mutations altering surface energetic landscape
PAQR family members may have diversified from common ancestor
vacuolar Na+ /H+ antiporter (AT-NHX1, ATNHX, ATNHX1, NHX1, AT5G27150) is homologue to yeast Na+ /H+ exchanger (AT-NHX1, ATNHX, ATNHX1, NHX1, AT5G27150) Arabidopsis thaliana
widespread presence of (ATPUMP1, ATUCP1, PUMP1, UCP, UCP1, AT3G54110) homologues in eukaryotes implies these proteins have functions other than thermogenesis
amino acid change at position 359 in beta-LCY2 (Gly to Ser) is noteworthy because Gly residue is absolutely conserved in all plant beta-LCYs Citrus paradisi; Citrus sinensis; Solanum lycopersicum; Capsicum annuum
kiwifruit, grape, oak, and raspberry glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) suggest a common origin
one prolamin type in Brachypodium grain is homologous to γ-gliadins Brachypodium distachyon
Arabidopsis and human (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) proteins show strong conservation at C-terminus, especially in the putative TMD Arabidopsis thaliana; Homo sapiens
S. cerevisiae lacks (ATTSPO, TSPO, AT2G47770) /MBR domain-containing proteins Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Ps-ACS4 and -5 predicted proteins are closely related to At-ACS2 and -6 (Type 1) Prunus spp.; Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana tetratricopeptide repeat protein 1 (AtTPR1, TPR1, AT4G30480) is orthologue of SlTPR1 Arabidopsis thaliana
C-terminal motifs are highly conserved within gene lineages
TaCAD4 has diverged from other bona fide (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) enzymes from monocot plants Triticum aestivum
amino acid sequence conservation between (ATSCO1, ATSCO1/CPEF-G, SCO1, AT1G62750) /2p and (HCC1, AT3G08950) /2 suggests (HCC1, AT3G08950) /2 might be functional homologues Arabidopsis thaliana; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
VvGST4, An9, and ZmGSTIII differed from (ATGST1, ATGSTF3, ATGSTF6, ERD11, GST1, GSTF6, AT1G02930) /Bz2 mini-regions Vitis vinifera; Petunia hybrida; Zea mays
Gly residue at position 359 in beta-LCY2 is absolutely conserved in all plant beta-LCYs, CYC-B from tomato and (ATCCS, AtHMP03, CCS, AT1G12520) from pepper Citrus paradisi; Citrus sinensis; Solanum lycopersicum; Capsicum annuum
plant RLKs evolved through frequent domain gains or losses
structurally and functionally divergent O. violaceus (FAE1, KCS18, AT4G34520) contains three amino acid deletion in region near N-terminus Orychophragmus violaceus
similar motif containing crucial asparagine residue in AtPEN-2 is well conserved in Arabidopsis (PEN-2, AT5G09310) Arabidopsis thaliana
N85 and N297 glycosylation sites are conserved in all four rice PGIPs (Os PGIP1–4) and both wheat PGIPs Oryza sativa; Triticum aestivum
closely related WRKY proteins such as (ATWRKY33, WRKY33, AT2G38470) and (ATWRKY25, WRKY25, AT2G30250) still share great degree of similarities in both structure and expression Arabidopsis thaliana
structural studies and genome-wide localization analyses will clarify how modular chromatin complexes have evolved and been repurposed
GID1 was co-opted from carboxylesterases
F3′Hs with CH3H side activity could represent intermediate step in evolution of CH3H
mBnHO1 deduced amino acids share 72% identity with (HO4, AT1G58300) product Brassica napus; Arabidopsis thaliana
14 positions conserved in SCO proteins from non-plant species and plant (HCC1, AT3G08950) proteins show non-conservative substitutions in at least one plant (HCC2, AT4G39740) protein plants
horizontal gene transfer (HGT) co-option and functional integration leverages functional innovation
diacidic ER-export motif found in (ATKCO1, ATTPK1, KCO1, TPK1, AT5G55630) is conserved among plant orthologs of (ATKCO1, ATTPK1, KCO1, TPK1, AT5G55630)
two poplar PCS members have protein sequence identity of 60.4% compared with 70.1% in A. thaliana Populus; Arabidopsis thaliana
Solanum lycopersicum tetratricopeptide repeat protein 1 (SlTPR1) shares similarity with TETRATRICOPEPTIDE REPEAT DOMAIN1 (TTC1) Homo sapiens
interacting arginine near the catalytic cleft in (ATXTH26, XTH26, AT4G28850) is replaced by a non-polar alanine side chain Arabidopsis thaliana
Fe/Mn-SOD from Raphanus sativus shares 93% identity to plastid-localized (ATFSD1, FSD1, AT4G25100) protein in Arabidopsis Raphanus sativus; Arabidopsis thaliana
dimensional increases in phytochelatin synthase (PCS) length are ascribed to increases in length of C-terminal domain
(DRA2, Nup98a, AT1G10390) and (DRAL, Nup98b, AT1G59660) genes have amino acid sequences that are 61% identical Arabidopsis thaliana
affinity of bryophyte (ATGER1, GER1, GLP1, AT1G72610) for DELLAs was retained in lycophyte and angiosperm GID1s
closest homologs of Pto outside Solanum are mostly receptor kinases
8CM of other HyPRPs showed high sequence similarity to 8CM of CaHyPRP1 and NbHyPRP1
ancestral single βαβββ module underwent gene duplication and fusion to generate metal binding scaffold
few amino acid changes in FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like proteins are sufficient to confer contrasting functions on these proteins
CRKs most closely related to subgroup IV Arabidopsis thaliana
Env protein of Elbe3 family is significantly different from Env protein of Elbe1, Elbe2 and Elbe4 Beta vulgaris
(ATDFO, DFO, AT1G07060) homologs not found in Physcomitrella patens Physcomitrella patens
K245E substitution in TfUFO occurred at position highly conserved in most plant UFO proteins
orthologous MADS-box proteins maintain protein interaction profile irrespective of function Arabidopsis thaliana; Solanum lycopersicum; Oryza sativa
33 different Arabidopsis XTH isozymes have high similarity each other Arabidopsis thaliana
Brachypodium distachyon storage proteins have closest homologues mainly belonging to Triticum aestivum Brachypodium distachyon; Triticum aestivum
Arabidopsis GDSL-motif lipase/hydrolase family has 113 predicted members Arabidopsis thaliana
few key regions were identified as unique to anthocyanin-transporting GSTs Vitis vinifera; Zea mays; Arabidopsis thaliana; Petunia hybrida
major intrinsic protein (MIP) family are found in almost all living organisms
SRS1–3 show high sequence variation in Asteraceae F3′Hs and F3′,5′Hs Asteraceae
F3′H with CH3H side activity is present in Dahlia variabilis Dahlia variabilis
predicted amino acid sequence of CsCycD3;1 is 54% identical to D3 cyclin from Arabidopsis Cucumis sativus; Arabidopsis thaliana
VvGST5 possessed 48.3% similarity to Bz2 Vitis vinifera; Zea mays
Arabidopsis histone H2A gene family shows similar observations to (ATWRKY33, WRKY33, AT2G38470) and (ATWRKY25, WRKY25, AT2G30250) functional diversification Arabidopsis thaliana
paralogue POPTR_0018s14140.1 is not in the final phylogenetic tree because of severe truncation Populus
Pex5p and Pex7p share high sequence similarity
G225 of GhECR2 is not conserved among nudix hydrolase-15 domains
rice OsXXT1 and OsGT2 are homologues of (ATXT1, AtXXT1, XT1, XXT1, AT3G62720) (ATXT2, AtXXT2, TXT2, XT2, XXT2, AT4G02500) and AtXXT5 Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
SUN domains of Cter-SUN and mid-SUN proteins diverged early during evolution before emergence of plant and animal kingdoms
Cter-SUN and mid-SUN proteins have been conserved through evolution in most species
WRKY domains are highly conserved
EsM1Pase2 and its orthologues constitute new family within C1 cap assemblage of HAD superfamily with new substrate specificity Ectocarpus siliculosus; Micromonas
NF motif in (PEN-2, AT5G09310) is fully conserved in all analysed γ-secretase sequences Arabidopsis thaliana; Physcomitrella patens; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; Dictyostelium discoideum; Homo sapiens
Spitz orthologue is not present in plants
longer phytochelatin synthase (PCS) was promoted in course of evolution to achieve full-length dimension of angiosperm phytochelatin synthases (PCS)
SP cluster motif is present in WRKY protein of the unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas Chlamydomonas
DBD and PB1 domain are highly conserved among (ARF7, BIP, IAA21, IAA23, IAA25, MSG1, NPH4, TIR5, AT5G20730) (ARF11, ARF19, IAA22, AT1G19220) and (ARF1-BP, ARF2, AtARF2, HSS, ORE14, AT5G62000) Arabidopsis thaliana
AtTRX f2 shows high homology with PsTRX f Arabidopsis thaliana; Pisum sativum
(ATWRKY33, WRKY33, AT2G38470) transcription factors are highly conserved during course of plant evolution
Met-309 to Ile substitution is occupied by Ile in other C 3 Rubiscos Nicotiana tabacum; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
formation of specific interactions with related partners is conserved evolutionary feature
Solanum lycopersicum tetratricopeptide repeat protein 1 (SlTPR1) shares little overall similarity to SPINDLEY (SPY), (ATEOL1, ETO1, AT3G51770) and (TTL1, AT1G53300) Solanum lycopersicum; Arabidopsis thaliana
G225 of GhECR2 is highly conserved among GhECR homologues Gossypium hirsutum
plant GDSL-motif lipase/hydrolases comprise large gene families
Mi-ASP2 is a member of independent family of aspartic protease-like proteins Meloidogyne incognita
(KAI2, AT4G37470) (D14, AT3G03990) and GID1 likely underwent neofunctionalization
(BASL, AT5G60880) homologs are restricted to dicots
conservation of interaction domains suggests divergence of other domains important for functionality Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa
paired βαβββ structure in VOC superfamily proteins is suggested to be derived from ancestral single βαβββ module
Rubisco small (S) units from F . pringlei (Genbank AAB67851) and F . bidentis (AAP31054) show significant (>93%) homology to each other Flaveria pringlei; Flaveria bidentis
interaction domains are conserved in these proteins Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; Lolium perenne
glutamic acid of the acceptor-binding loop in (ATXTH26, XTH26, AT4G28850) is replaced by an uncharged glutamine side chain Arabidopsis thaliana
Five Arabidopsis XXTs fall into two distinct phylogenetic clades Arabidopsis thaliana
NtChiV shows amino acid sequence homology to MtChit5 Nicotiana tabacum; Medicago truncatula
Pro-188 residue of NtChiV is absent in loop A of MtNFH1 Nicotiana tabacum; Medicago truncatula
AtPIP2-8 clustered with VvPIP2-2 Arabidopsis thaliana; Vitis species
STERILE ALPHA MOTIF (SAM) domains are present in thousands of proteins in prokaryotes and diverse eukaryotes
subdomains of auxin-response proteins existed in red algae and chlorophytes
OsSYP132 is homologous to OsSYP132c Oryza sativa
residues conserved among ALMT (aluminum-activated malate transporter) family are conserved in electrical charge
SMAX1-LIKE (SMXL) homologs share identity with (SMAX1, AT5G57710) Arabidopsis thaliana
extended analysis to include FU sequences from plants and the protozoan Leishmania (lFU) identified conserved C-terminal domain
(ARAC4, ATRAC4, ATROP2, ROP2, AT1G20090) and (ARAC3, ATROP6, RAC3, RHO1PS, ROP6, AT4G35020) belong to same clade of the ROP family Arabidopsis thaliana
plants in EF-hand protein classification are represented in only nine of the 66 subfamilies
CPKs present only in plants and some protozoans
number and position of transmembrane domains within the ORFs varied indicating high sequence flexibility
Envelope proteins of G. max Errantiviruses and Sireviruses share common domains Glycine max
AtERD2b and NbERD2b share amino acid sequence identity of up to 83% Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana benthamiana
SlTPR1 is most closely related to (AtTPR1, TPR1, AT4G30480) OsTPR1, and TTC1 Solanum lycopersicum; Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; Homo sapiens
subclade II comprises SlTRM17/20a and b, SlTRM19, and SlTRM26a and b Solanum lycopersicum
neurexin I (Nrxn1) has stable and long evolutionary history
retention of PRR domain in PRR2-like proteins resulted in neofunctionalization distinct from bona fide Spermatophyta-like GLKs
(AtPUB22, PUB22, AT3G52450) (AtPUB23, PUB23, AT2G35930) AtPUB25, and AtPUB26 are class IV Arabidopsis PUB proteins with highest amino acid sequence similarity to MpPUB9 Arabidopsis thaliana; Marchantia polymorpha
MpPUB9 and MpPUB10 may act as homologous proteins Marchantia polymorpha
chromoplast γ-subunit belongs to distinct family of plastidial γ-subunits
FUL-like proteins are more similar to euAP1 proteins
homeodomain transcription factor family occur in large families sharing a similar DNA-binding domain
(ATB2, AtbZIP11, BZIP11, GBF6, AT4G34590) is putative paralog with 78% similar amino acid residues Arabidopsis thaliana
Protein EMB12 showed 80% identity to Os02g0794400 in rice Zea mays
amino acid identity between CysPc–C2L domains of classical calpains and maize (ATDEK1, DEK1, EMB1275, EMB80, AT1G55350) is 30–40% Zea mays
CAPS program analysis of (ATDEK1, DEK1, EMB1275, EMB80, AT1G55350) identified 59 groups of co-evolving residues
strong co-evolution between CysPc and C2L domains is present in both (ATDEK1, DEK1, EMB1275, EMB80, AT1G55350) and CAPN2 orthologs
(ATSYP124, SYP124, AT1G61290) and (ATSYP125, SYP125, AT1G11250) show particularly high similarity protein sequence similarity Arabidopsis thaliana
(MSL2, AT5G10490) and (MSL3, AT1G58200) are closely related to OsMSL2 Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa
tandemly duplicated, five-helix motif in C-terminal domain creates structural framework for rapid diversification Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis
positive selection can affect enzyme functional divergence
AtRFC4 shares 50% amino acid sequence identity with ScRFC2 Arabidopsis thaliana; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
transmembrane 16A (TMEM16A or anoctamin1) has stable and long evolutionary history
N-terminal Sir2 catalytic core domain was found among multiple pathogenic fungi