| nighttime flowering |
may benefit plants by alleviating |
inhibitory effects of high daytime temperatures on pollen tube growth |
|
| functional loss of (AtPAT10, PAT10, AT3G51390) |
causes |
reduction in pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RMD |
modulates |
pollen germination |
Oryza sativa |
| RNAi of NtFH5 |
causes |
abolished F-actin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pectin distribution |
is required for |
formation of pollen tubes with a normal appearance |
|
| asymmetric distribution of HG and meHG |
is important for |
tip growth |
Oryza sativa |
| ROS accumulation in female reproductive structure |
could impair |
pollen tube functioning when it penetrates female organs such as funiculus |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of function of RMD |
causes |
altered density of actin structures |
Oryza sativa |
| pollen tube |
is |
self-organized system with highly polarized growth pattern |
|
| actin filament organization |
is important for |
tip growth and wall organization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| altered deposition of pectin in the pollen tube wall of rmd mutants |
also causes |
abnormal pollen tube growth |
Oryza sativa |
| RNA interference (RNAi) of two type I formins |
indicates involvement in |
pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum |
| half-maximal inhibition of rmd-1 pollen tube growth |
occurred at |
∼1.5 nM LatB |
Oryza sativa |
| loss of function of RMD |
leads to |
retarded pollen tube growth |
Oryza sativa |
| pollen tube growth |
accompanies |
dynamic vacuolar organization and trafficking |
|
| pollen tube growth |
relies on |
tip-focused Ca2+ gradient |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| incorrect deposition of cell wall components |
could cause |
various pollen tube defects |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (LRX9, AT1G49490) (LRX10, AT2G15880) (LRX11, AT4G33970) triple mutant |
could germinate but pollen tubes displayed |
morphological deformities or ruptured |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of RMD |
enhances |
stability of longitudinal actin cables |
Oryza sativa |
| defects of F-actin arrangement and dynamics |
impair |
myosin-based particle movement |
Oryza sativa |
| dynamic vacuolar organization |
is likely crucial for |
turgor regulation and ion homeostasis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mistargeting of (AtPAT10, PAT10, AT3G51390) and its downstream components |
contributes to |
reduced pollen tube growth of ap-3 mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RNAi of the type I formin NtFH5 |
causes |
drastically twisted and shortened pollen tubes |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| triple and quadruple mutants |
exhibited |
deformed pollen tubes in vitro |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) |
are reported to be involved in |
pollen tube growth |
|
| factors involved in wall biogenesis and dynamic F-actin organization |
function in |
elongating pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tip-localized RMD |
determines |
direction of F-actin initiation from the PM |
Oryza sativa |
| Ruptured pollen tube (RUPO) |
reported for dominant function in |
rice pollen tube growth |
Oryza sativa |
| pollen tube wall |
plays important roles in |
cell expansion |
|
| cell expansion of rmd pollen tubes |
may be |
improperly guided |
Oryza sativa |
| tip-localized RMD |
determines |
pattern of cytoplasmic streaming |
Oryza sativa |
| pollen tube tip-distributed pectin |
directs |
polar growth of pollen tubes |
Oryza sativa |
| pollen tube cell wall proteins |
may play |
important role in pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RNAi of the type I formin NtFH5 phenotype |
suggests |
possible functional difference between type I and type II formins |
|
| RNAi of AtFH3 |
causes |
abolished F-actin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ap-3µ mutant pollen tubes |
shows reduced |
pollen tube growth at 4 and 6 hours |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ap-3µ mutant pollen tubes |
can hardly reach |
bottom of pistils at 24 hours after pollination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type pollen grains pollinated on (SAUR75, AT5G27780) /− pistils |
impaired |
in vivo pollen tube length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (APTG1, AT5G14850) mutation |
does not result in |
abnormal pollen tube growth in vitro |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PTEN overexpression |
resulted in defective |
pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtPAT10, PAT10, AT3G51390) |
roles during pollen tube growth are |
not known |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| K+ transporters |
are localized in |
growing pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RMD/profiling-coordinated F-actin activity |
mechanism in rice pollen tube growth remains to be |
further elucidated |
Oryza sativa |
| wall-modifying polygalacturonases |
may alter |
penetration into the gynoecium |
Oryza sativa |
| quadruple mutant plants |
accompanied by |
compromised pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RMD |
shares the conserved function of |
type II formin family in pollen tube growth and polarity |
Oryza sativa |
| loss of function of RMD |
causes |
bundling polarity changes |
Oryza sativa |
| treatment with the microtubule-depolymerizing chemical oryzalin |
causes |
no obvious effect on pollen tube growth |
|
| AP-3-mediated vacuolar targeting of (AtPAT10, PAT10, AT3G51390) |
is crucial for |
pollen tube growth |
|
| ectopic deposition of callose |
may have reduced |
plasticity of the pollen tube |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduced content of fucosylated XyG |
may have affected |
mechanical strength of the pollen tubes in (LRX8, AT3G19020) (LRX9, AT1G49490) (LRX11, AT4G33970) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ap-3β mutant pollen tubes |
can hardly reach |
bottom of pistils at 24 hours after pollination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AP-3 |
mediates |
pollen tube growth |
|
| pollen tubes of (SAUR62, AT1G29430) (SAUR75, AT5G27780) and RNAi lines |
show |
shorter and branching phenotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| triple and quadruple mutants |
exhibited |
retarded pollen tube growth in vivo |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen-expressed lrx gene mutations |
cause |
severe defects in pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ap-3σ mutant pollen tubes |
shows reduced |
pollen tube growth at 4 and 6 hours |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AP-3δ-dependent tube growth |
is confirmed by |
complementation analysis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pectin methyl-esterases (PMEs) and pectin methyl-esterase inhibitors (PMEIs) |
have intricate relations during |
pollen tube growth |
|
| (EIF4E1B, AT1G29550) |
is up-regulated during |
pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PTEN-like domain of RMD |
plays an important role in monitoring at the tip to maintain |
organization and dynamics of actin |
Oryza sativa |
| wild-type pollen tubes |
increase around 40% in length after 4 h in |
5 mM Ca2+ medium |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| down-regulation of several F-actin-binding factors |
results in |
growth retardation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| selective recruitment of certain transcripts to the translational machinery |
fulfills |
the rapid pollen tube elongation during pollination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (APTG1, AT5G14850) /+ mutant pollen |
shows comparable pollen tube morphology to |
wild-type pollen |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| longitudinal actin cables |
provide |
stability and polarity of molecular tracks for cytoplasmic streaming |
Oryza sativa |
| ap-3δ pollen tubes |
respond to increased Ca2+ by |
enhanced tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtPAT10, PAT10, AT3G51390) |
promotes |
pollen tube growth |
|
| rmd-1 pollen tubes |
have |
significantly lower average length than wild-type |
Oryza sativa |
| pollen tubes with transformed RMD-eGFP |
elongated at |
a higher rate (24.77 ± 3.83 nm s⁻¹) |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| pollen tubes |
penetrate |
female sporophytic tissues |
|
| ap-3δ mutant pollen tubes |
can hardly reach |
bottom of pistils at 24 hours after pollination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| triple mutant plants |
accompanied by |
compromised pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tube |
requires |
ROP GTPase-based signaling |
|
| Rice Morphology Determinant (RMD) |
is essential for |
pollen tube growth |
Oryza sativa |
| overexpression of the PTEN-like motif or the FH1FH2 domain of RMD |
failed to enhance |
pollen tube length after 3 and 5 h of growth |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (ATFH5, Fh5, AT5G54650) |
stabilizes |
subapical actin structure |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (VGD1, AT2G47040) mutant pollen |
leads to |
unstable pollen tubes when germinated in vitro |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rmd-1 pollen tubes |
have |
remarkably higher average width than wild-type |
Oryza sativa |
| overexpression of full-length RMD |
could stimulate |
tobacco pollen tube growth |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| tip-localized RMD |
is guided by |
PTEN-like domain of RMD |
Oryza sativa |
| (SAUR62, AT1G29430) /− (SAUR75, AT5G27780) /− and RNAi pollen grains |
when cross-pollinated with wild-type or corresponding self pistils, show reduced |
in vivo pollen tube length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tubes with defective (ATRABA4D, RABA4D, AT3G12160) |
had severely reduced |
growth rates |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type PT growth |
is |
continuous |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of function of RMD |
causes |
disorganization of actin filaments |
Oryza sativa |
| RMD binding to elongating actin filaments |
controls |
polarized nucleation direction of F-actin |
Oryza sativa |
| altered longitudinal actin cables in the shank region of rmd pollen tubes |
results in |
changes of cytoplasmic streaming |
Oryza sativa |
| (AtSWEET1, SWEET1, AT1G21460) (AtSWEET5, AtVEX1, SWEET5, AT5G62850) and (AtSWEET8, RPG1, SWEET8, AT5G40260) |
are also expressed in |
pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tube cell wall |
must synchronously maintain |
mechanical strength and plasticity |
|
| RMD |
stabilizes |
actin filaments |
Oryza sativa |
| RMD |
localizes at the tip and binds |
elongating actin filaments from the membrane |
Oryza sativa |
| rmd-1 pollen tubes |
have |
decreased velocity of the movement of organelles |
Oryza sativa |
| AP-3 component mutants |
showed reductions of |
pollen tube growth in vivo |
|
| NtPPME1 mutant |
shows effects on |
pollen tube growth |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| At myosin XI-C and XI-E |
are required for |
tip growth in pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (NPC2, AT2G26870) and (NPC6, AT3G48610) overexpression lines |
show significantly longer |
tube length of germinated pollen grains |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| membrane lipid remodeling mediated by (NPC2, AT2G26870) and (NPC6, AT3G48610) |
sustains |
pollen tube growth |
|
| ectopic deposition of callose |
may have hampered |
rapid pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutant (ATPTS, PANC, PTS, AT5G48840) |
exhibited |
intermittent growth behavior |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression of the FH1FH2 domain of RMD |
significantly increased |
the pollen tube width in tobacco |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| rmd pollen tubes |
have |
dense actin structures that become disorganized both in the shank and at the apex |
Oryza sativa |
| RMD-associated F-actin characteristics |
are critical for |
maintaining the proper pattern of cytoplasmic streaming |
Oryza sativa |
| ap-3δ pollen tubes |
double their length after 4 h of germination in |
5 mM Ca2+ medium |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| disruption of a single pectin methylesterase |
frequently causes |
severe pollen tube defects |
|
| ap-3σ mutant |
showed the weakest phenotypic defects |
pollen tube growth |
|
| premature de-methyl-esterification of tip region through exogenous supply of PME |
blocks |
tube elongation |
|
| NAG-CFP |
is excluded from |
clear zone of pollen tube tip |
|
| disruptions in carbohydrate flow or transport into the pollen tube |
can result in |
pollen tube failure |
|
| polarized growth |
is regulated by |
interplay between various forces |
|
| ETR5 |
is expressed at |
highest expression levels in wild-type pollen tubes 4 h after imbibition |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| cell wall |
sets |
pace of the growth |
|
| PI4Kβ1-EYFP fluorescence |
accumulates in |
apex of pollen tube |
|
| SF3-NtPLIM2b-GFP DNA dosage |
affects |
pollen tube growth rates |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| actin reporter proteins |
enable examination of |
how pollen tube actin cytoskeleton responds to cellular perturbations |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| syl ovule |
pollen tube elongates in and does not burst |
micropyle |
|
| actin cables |
are important for |
polarized growth in pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tube length |
showed no significant difference between |
mutants and wild-type Col-0 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutants of transcription factors regulating pollen tube growth |
displayed defects in |
pollen tube germination |
|
| overexpression of (NPC6, AT3G48610) |
enhanced |
pollen tube length |
|
| AtTOD1 (Arabidopsis TRYPANOTHIONE OXIDOREDUCTASE-LIKE 1) |
plays critical role in regulation of |
pollen tube turgor pressure |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| callose plugs |
keep |
cytoplasm near tip of growing pollen tube |
|
| activity of (NPC2, AT2G26870) and (NPC6, AT3G48610) |
has dose-dependent effect on |
germination and elongation of pollen tube |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| turgor pressure regulation |
is critical for |
pollen tube growth in angiosperm pistils |
|
| nontrivial percentage of lrx mutant pollen tubes that burst |
can be attributed to |
skewed distribution of mechanical properties |
|
| rmd pollen tubes |
show |
altered efficiency of cytoplasmic streaming |
Oryza sativa |
| proper organization of the actin cytoskeleton |
is important for |
pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (TOD1, AT5G46220) from gymnosperm species |
are not able to complement |
attod1 mutant phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana; gymnosperm species |
| pollen tube |
germinates and grows through |
style |
|
| wall of the elongating zone |
contains abundant |
de-methylesterified HG |
|
| male germ unit (MGU) |
is kept at certain distance from |
growing pollen tube tip |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sperm cells |
may contribute to |
directional pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| etr3-ko pollen tubes |
show smaller diameter in |
liquid medium |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (AtRGTB1, RGTB1, AT5G12210) pollen tubes |
are frequently |
branched or swollen |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| S1P-regulating ion channel |
is dependent on heterotrimeric G proteins in |
pollen tubes |
|
| AtTOD1 (Arabidopsis TRYPANOTHIONE OXIDOREDUCTASE-LIKE 1) |
is critical for |
pollen tube growth in the pistil |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SKM1, AT2G25790) and (RGI4, SKM2, AT5G56040) |
is receptor for |
(CLE45, AT1G69588) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ROS scavenger Mn-TMPP |
abolishes |
SlIDA peptide function of inducing pollen tube elongation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| pollen tubes |
grow apically by |
pistil guidance |
|
| exogenous application of pectin methylesterase (PME) to germinating pollen grains |
induces |
reduction of pollen tube growth |
Solanum chacoense |
| (RALF34, RALFL34, AT5G67070) |
binds |
pollen tube growth regulators ANXUR1 and 2 ( (ANX1, AT3G04690) /2) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tube |
needs to penetrate |
stigma |
|
| OsTOD1 genomic sequences with their own promoter |
partially rescue |
attod1-2 mutant phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PG45, PGA4, AT1G02790) promoter |
is highly active in |
germinated pollen tubes in vitro |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chemocyanin |
is expressed in |
female tissue |
Lilium |
| (ANX1, AT3G04690) and (ANX2, AT5G28680) |
is expressed in |
male tissue |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tip-growing tube |
navigates through |
style and tissues of the female reproductive tract |
|
| vectorial hydrodynamic flux coupled with endocytosis at the apex |
organizes |
orientation of growth polarity |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| sperm cells |
are |
passive cargo of pollen tube |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (TOD1, AT5G46220) from other angiosperm species |
can partially rescue |
attod1 mutant phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana; other angiosperms |
| lily |
has |
open and hollow style |
|
| Hechtian transduction |
opens |
stretch-activated Ca 2+ channels |
|
| tip-focused Ca2+ gradients |
are observed during |
pollen tube elongation |
|
| (TOD1, AT5G46220) mutation |
results in |
retarded pollen tube growth in the pistil |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ostod1-2 pollen tubes |
showed similar phenotype to |
ostod1-1 pollen tubes in the pistil |
Oryza sativa |
| microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments |
may play a role in |
deposition of pollen cell wall components |
|
| expression of PwTUA1 |
is up-regulated by |
boric acid treatments |
Picea wilsonii |
| pollen tube |
must modulate |
turgor pressure |
|
| (PRK1, AT5G35390) (PRK3, AT3G42880) (LURE1, PRK6, AT5G20690) triple mutant |
exhibited |
serious pollen tube growth defects in vivo |
|
| ETR7 |
is expressed at |
significantly lower expression levels than ETR3, ETR4, and ETR5 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| pollen tube germination and growth |
are highly limited in |
rep-1 and rep-2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SEC31A-mCherry and SEC31B-GFP |
have lower co-localization rate in |
pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SEC31A, AT1G18830) and (SEC31B, AT3G63460) |
have overlapping and distinct localization patterns in |
pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plantacyanin |
is expressed in |
female tissue |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LAT52 |
functions in |
pollen tube growth |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| transient overexpression of LePRK1 |
resulted in production of |
bulge-like structure at the pollen tube tip |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ETR6 |
has transcript levels |
below the detection threshold |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| etr3-ko mutant |
increases |
pollen tube growth |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Arabidopsis (AtPME48, PME48, AT5G07410) pollen grains |
show reduced |
pollen tube length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sperm cells in gymnosperms |
swim or are delivered by pollen tubes that grow at |
very slow rate (≤20 μm h−1) |
|
| pollen tube |
needs to penetrate |
filiform apparatus |
|
| pollen tube tip |
contains increased levels of |
highly methylesterified pectins |
|
| cellulose microfibrils (CMF) |
are aligned parallel to |
axes of elongation |
|
| male germ unit (MGU) |
enters pollen tube after |
rapid tip growth initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| actin filaments |
are important for |
polarized growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis mutant lacking sperm cells |
shows no effect on |
micropylar guidance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANX1, AT3G04690) /2 and (BUPS1, PIR1, AT4G39110) /2 interaction with (LLG2, AT2G20700) /3 |
maintain |
pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Ruptured Pollen tube (RUPO, LOC_Os06g03610) |
belongs to |
Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) family |
Oryza sativa |
| actin organization and dynamics |
may be correlated to |
cell growth |
|
| GFP-mTalin |
is used as |
actin reporter protein |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| GM(P2%S) medium |
contains |
PEG |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (LTP5, AT3G51600) |
contributes to |
pollen tube cell polarity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (RALF34, RALFL34, AT5G67070) binding to ANXUR1 and 2 ( (ANX1, AT3G04690) /2) and BUDDHA'S PAPER SEAL1 and 2 ( (BUPS1, PIR1, AT4G39110) /2) |
promotes |
pollen tube burst |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tubes in the top half facing the ovules |
exhibit predominance of |
balloon tips and cessation of targeting |
Lilium |
| pollen tube |
penetrates |
extracellular matrix of stigmatic and stylar tissues |
|
| control pollen tubes |
have length distribution of |
100–700 μm after 6 h of growth |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (MORF8, RIP1, AT3G15000) overexpression |
induced |
growth depolarization in pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seeds developing from syl /+ ovules fertilized by wild-type pollen |
observed a low percentage of developing seeds with |
pollen coil at the micropyle |
|
| delocalization of (ARAC11, ATRAC11, ATROP1, ROP1, ROP1AT, AT3G51300) induced by overexpression of |
caused |
depolarization of pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GFP-ROP1 overexpression |
produces |
depolarization of pollen tube growth |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| polarized exocytosis |
occurs in |
pollen tubes |
|
| (TOD1, AT5G46220) orthologs |
play conserved role in |
pollen tube growth in the pistil |
|
| OsTOD1 CDS under the AtTOD1 promoter |
partially rescue |
attod1-2 mutant phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transformation by 1.25 μg SF3-NtPLIM2b-GFP DNA |
does not significantly affect |
pollen tube growth rates over 3–6 h |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| revealed actin cytoskeleton |
is most likely reflected in |
pollen tubes whose growth rates fall within observed range for control pollen tubes |
|
| (MORF8, RIP1, AT3G15000) (ROP interactive partners) |
is |
representative of pollen-expressed RIPs |
|
| (ARAC11, ATRAC11, ATROP1, ROP1, ROP1AT, AT3G51300) |
controls |
pollen tip growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (MORF8, RIP1, AT3G15000) /ICR1ΔE2 mutant |
has little impact on |
depolarized pollen tube growth phenotype |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| delivery of secretory vesicles to the tip |
sustains |
pollen tube growth |
|
| pollen tube growth rate |
is significantly affected by |
high temperature |
Oryza sativa |
| pollen tubes |
were present in |
middle and basal silk samples 6 h post-pollination |
|
| pollen |
re-suspended in growth medium and grown for |
5–14 h in small droplets of media on microscope slides |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| transport vesicles |
give rise to |
apical domain with relatively smooth cytoplasm |
Nicotiana tabacum; Lilium species |
| microtubule cables in pollen tube shank |
are |
long axially oriented cables |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| level of gene expression |
allows observations within |
most robust pollen tube growth period |
|
| NtPLIM2b-GFP |
is most efficient to bombard with |
two pollen samples with different transgene DNA amounts |
|
| ltp5-1 mutant |
exhibits |
ballooned pollen tube tip |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| β-expansin Zea m1 |
is thought to assist |
pollen tube growth through silk |
|
| indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) |
stimulates |
pollen tube growth |
Torenia fournieri |
| AFM |
was used to observe |
morphology of the pollen tube surface |
Torenia fournieri |
| transgenic Arabidopsis pollen tubes |
displayed |
faster growth rate than wild-type pollen tubes in vitro |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ETR3 |
is involved in |
pollen tube growth |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| pollen tube diameter in liquid germination medium |
was larger in |
NR pollen tubes compared to WTB |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| increased pollen tube diameter in (AtPME48, PME48, AT5G07410) |
was also observed in |
liquid medium |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtTOD1 knockout lines |
results in |
impaired pollen tube growth in the pistil |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tip-growing tube |
penetrates |
stigma surface |
|
| decreased stiffness of cell wall in shank of pollen tubes |
leads to |
increase of pollen tube diameter under internal turgor pressure |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) |
have been suggested to play crucial roles in |
ovular pollen tube attraction |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| LeSHY |
is expressed in |
male tissue |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| clear zone |
is located at |
5–15 μm distal from tube apex |
Nicotiana tabacum; Lilium species |
| GFP-RIP1 |
was maintained in |
apical cortex of germinating pollen and growing pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GFP-RIP1/ICR1KE1 |
induced |
depolarization of tobacco pollen tube growth |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| in vitro growth of the pollen tubes |
was not affected by |
expb1::mu mutation |
Zea mays |
| pistil staining |
is performed at |
6 h after pollination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| elongating tobacco and lily pollen tubes |
contain |
long, streaming actin cables |
Nicotiana tabacum; Lilium longiflorum |
| angiosperm pollen tube growth process |
is the basis for |
attractive cell system for studying actin organization and dynamics |
|
| endogenous ABP41 |
substantial role in |
pollen tube growth |
|
| actin filament structures |
maintain dynamic fragments in |
tip region |
|
| pollen grains germination |
results in detection of |
very strong GUS staining in elongating pollen tube |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| GhADF7 proteins |
may be mainly responsible for |
actin remodelling and pollen polarity growth |
|
| maize pollen tubes (PTs) from inbred line A188 |
continued growth all the way through |
silk tissues |
Zea mays |
| wrky34-2 mutant |
has higher number of elongated pollen tubes per stigma than |
wild-type after 48 h cold treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tubes |
grow exclusively in |
apical extremity |
|
| introduction of ABP41 |
shortened |
clear zone |
higher plants |
| transmitting tract |
facilitates |
pollen tube growth towards the ovary |
Zea mays |
| optimum concentration of exogenous GABA |
enhanced |
pollen tube growth |
|
| double mutant (CPK17, AT5G12180) (AtCPK34, CPK34, AT5G19360) |
display |
slower growth and impaired tropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen grains |
germinate and form |
tip-growing pollen tubes |
|
| pollen tubes from WW pollen on WW stigmas |
reached the ovary in 24 h at a rate of |
37% |
|
| organelle-free cytoplasm |
spans |
apical dome |
Nicotiana tabacum; Lilium species |
| NtPLIM2b-GFP |
enables examination of |
pollen tube actin cytoskeleton responses to cellular perturbations |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| transiently transformed GFP-NtPLIM2b-expressing pollen tubes with donut-shaped structures |
are usually |
short and no longer elongating |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| pollen grains overexpressing GFP-ROP1 and (MORF8, RIP1, AT3G15000) (ICR1, RIP1, AT1G17140) |
did not have |
substantial pollen tube growth |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| profilin |
is found localized in |
bulges of outgrowing pollen tubes |
|
| variant structures |
suggest |
structure that is constantly in flux and highly sensitive to fluctuating cytoplasmic conditions |
Nicotiana tabacum; Lilium species |
| actin and microtubule interactions |
are important for |
gymnosperm pollen tube growth |
|
| tobacco pollen tubes maintaining normal pollen tube growth property and imageable levels of NtPLIM2b-GFP |
are observable during |
span of at least 3–8 h after bombardment |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| GFP-RIP1/ICR1KE1 |
induces reduced degree of |
depolarization compared to GFP- (ICR1, RIP1, AT1G17140) |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| actin bundles in the shank region |
offers |
track for cytoplasmic streaming |
|
| applied gibberellins (GAs) |
can have |
no effect on pollen tube elongation in vitro |
|
| (ATPLC1, ATPLC3, PLC1, PLC3, AT4G38530) (phospholipase C3) |
is involved in |
polar pollen tube growth |
|
| pollen tube population in Lilium ovule exposed to CPTIO |
is divided into two groups with different behaviors |
pollen tube morphology and targeting |
Lilium |
| basic germination medium (GM) for tobacco pollen |
contains |
MgSO4·7H2O |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| actin cytoskeleton |
plays a critical role in regulating |
pollen tube growth |
|
| pollen tube growth rate |
is significantly affected by |
genotype and temperature interaction |
Oryza sativa |
| actin cables and microtubules |
are not readily observable within |
apical dome |
Nicotiana tabacum; Lilium species |
| (MORF8, RIP1, AT3G15000) /ICR1ΔE mutant |
lost effects on |
pollen tube polarity |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| pollen tube growth rate |
is significantly affected by |
genotype |
Oryza sativa |
| AtAGP6 and (AGP11, ATAGP11, AT3G01700) |
play an important role in |
pollen tube growth and stamen function |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen grains |
germinated and initiated |
pollen tubes |
Zea mays |
| tension transmitted to the plasma membrane by Hechtian adhesion sites |
activates |
H + -ATPases |
|
| pollen tubes in the inferior half of semi-vivo preparation treated with carboxy-PTIO (CPTIO) |
exhibited |
normal polarized pollen tube growth |
Lilium longiflorum |
| weaker fluorescence signals |
permits |
more rapid growth |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| well tolerated actin marker proteins such as GFP-NtADF1 and NtPLIM2b-GFP |
may induce |
actin abnormalities and compromise growth in transformed tubes that highly express these marker proteins |
|
| Lily pollen germination medium (LGM) |
contains |
KCl |
Lilium |
| (ATMSI1, MEE70, MSI1, AT5G58230) ovule fertilized at 3.5 DAE with wild-type pollen |
shows coiled pollen tube at |
micropyle (cp) |
|
| more pollen grains to germinate |
enhances |
overall pollen tube growth |
|
| plantacyanin |
functions in |
pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SCA |
is expressed in |
female tissue |
Lilium |
| LeSTIG1 |
is expressed in |
female tissue |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| pollen tubes in the inferior half of semi-vivo preparation treated with carboxy-PTIO (CPTIO) |
showed higher percentage of |
normal tips |
Lilium longiflorum |
| microinjection of ABP41 into germinated lily pollen |
lowers |
elongation rate of growing pollen tube |
lily |
| AGPs |
are implicated in |
pollen tube growth |
|
| (ATWRKY34, MSP3, WRK34, WRKY34, AT4G26440) mutants |
have number of elongated pollen tubes per stigma not differing significantly from |
wild-type in the absence of cold treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tube growth |
is |
predominantly unidirectional |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| [Ca2+]i transients |
engage in |
pollen growth |
|
| male germ unit (MGU) |
is thought to aid |
co-ordinated delivery of gametes |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| PwTUA1 overexpression |
improves |
pollen tube growth in transgenic Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| microprojectile-mediated transformed pollen tubes with GFP-tagged LlLIM1 |
majority maintains |
normal tube growth properties |
Lilium species |
| PEG-supplemented germination medium |
contains |
polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| self-crossed pistils 1–2 d after pollination |
stained with aniline blue to visualize |
in vivo pollen tube growth |
|
| decreased attraction of pollen tubes by 3.5-DAE-old ovules |
may result in |
diminished srn phenotype percentage |
|
| GFP- (ICR1, RIP1, AT1G17140) |
was localized at |
apical cortex of growing pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high temperature |
does not significantly affect pollen tube length in |
N22 |
Oryza sativa |
| pollen tubes (PTs) growing below the epidermal cell layer in incompatible pollination |
showed shorter growth length than |
pollen tubes (PTs) growing inside the transmitting tract (TT) |
Zea mays |
| gibberellins (GAs) |
must be present for |
normal pollen tube growth |
|
| wrky34-1 mutant |
has higher number of elongated pollen tubes per stigma than |
wild-type after 48 h cold treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bicellular pollen grain |
must be cultured in order to |
grow pollen tubes, trigger mitosis, and obtain sperm cells |
|
| pollen tube |
grows through |
transmitting tract |
|
| WIP-WIT-SUN complex |
is important for |
proper nuclear movement |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Zea mays |
| pollen tubes with appreciable growth rates |
usually have |
elongated considerably at time of observation |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (MORF8, RIP1, AT3G15000) /ICR1ΔE4 mutant |
completely eliminates |
growth depolarization |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| actin |
plays a prominent role in maintaining |
pollen tube growth and reorientation |
|
| pollen tubes |
in most instances only one reached |
ovary |
|
| system in conifers |
differs in |
absence of a tip-to-base zonation of organelles |
|
| OIL BODY LIPASE1 (AtOBL1, OBL1, AT3G14360) |
has essential role in |
pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| polarized growth |
requires balance of |
turgor pressure and propulsive forces from cytoskeletal assembly |
|
| pollen tube (PT) orientation |
is highly dependent on |
ion choreography |
|
| rep-1/rep-1 pollen |
has decreased |
length of pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| molecular mechanisms that fine-tune the turgor pressure during pollen tube growth in the pistil |
are still poorly understood |
state of knowledge |
|
| SEC31A-mCherry and SEC31B-GFP |
have similar but distinct dot-like localization patterns in |
growing pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rigid gel in pollen tube |
strengthens |
cell wall surrounding the tube shank |
|
| proton (H +) efflux by H + -ATPases |
causes |
acidification of the apoplast and extracellular medium |
|
| NtPLIM2b-GFP |
is |
efficient actin reporter protein |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| loss of polarized growth by pollen tubes |
is correlated with |
loss of the tip-focused Ca2+ gradient |
|
| actin cytoskeleton |
organization and regulation have been examined by |
various approaches including fluorescent protein labeled actin-binding proteins in live cell studies |
|
| variant structures |
may reflect |
highly fragile structure easily perturbed by fixation or binding by actin reporter proteins |
Nicotiana tabacum; Lilium species |
| microprojectiles with more DNA |
achieves supply of |
appropriately labeled transformed pollen tubes |
|
| (MORF8, RIP1, AT3G15000) (ICR1, RIP1, AT1G17140) |
appeared to promote |
(ARAC11, ATRAC11, ATROP1, ROP1, ROP1AT, AT3G51300) localization to the PM |
|
| (MORF8, RIP1, AT3G15000) /ICR1ΔE3 mutant |
has little impact on |
depolarized pollen tube growth phenotype |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| pollen tube length in N22 relative to pistil length at high temperature |
is not significantly affected at |
high temperature |
Oryza sativa |
| silks of heterozygous Ga1s/ga1-plants pollinated with ga1-pollen |
show intermediate pollen tube (PT) growth length behaviour |
pollen tube growth length |
Zea mays |
| levels of pollen-derived gibberellins (GAs) |
were closely related to |
increased pollen tube elongation |
Pyrus pyrifolia |
| increase in mitochondria |
is attributed to |
indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-induced changes of pollen tubes |
Torenia fournieri |
| pollen tube cell wall materials |
are different in composition and configuration along |
longitudinal axes of pollen tubes |
|
| report |
confirms |
prediction that site of new cell synthesis is displaced from the apex |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments |
may play a role in |
maintaining the shape of the pollen tube |
|
| fusion of vesicles to the apical plasma membrane |
occurs during |
vegetative pollen tube growth |
|
| pollen tubes in the inferior half of the preparation in the absence of ovules |
retain |
polarized growth |
Lilium |
| microprojectile delivery and gene expression from delivered transgenes |
vary for |
each transformed pollen grain |
|
| (MORF8, RIP1, AT3G15000) (ICR1, RIP1, AT1G17140) sequestering (ARAC11, ATRAC11, ATROP1, ROP1, ROP1AT, AT3G51300) to the flank of pollen tubes |
could reduce |
amount of (ARAC11, ATRAC11, ATROP1, ROP1, ROP1AT, AT3G51300) that could be targeted to the tip to promote tip growth |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| U0124 inactive analogue |
does not inhibit |
normal pollen tube growth |
|
| pollen tube length in all three rice genotypes 1 h after anthesis under control conditions |
is between |
1.4 mm and 1.84 mm |
Oryza sativa |
| spikelet fertility |
is closely associated with |
pollen tube length |
Oryza sativa |
| CDPK (Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase) |
is involved in |
plasma membrane polarization |
|
| movement of the pollen tube itself |
might promote |
breakdown of transmitting-tract tissue |
Arabidopsis |
| male sterile1-1 (ms1-1) stigma |
was hand-pollinated with |
pollen expressing Discosoma species red fluorescent protein (DsRed) |
|
| (ARAC11, ATRAC11, ATROP1, ROP1, ROP1AT, AT3G51300) enhancer1 (REN1, AT4G24580) |
is critical for regulating |
polarity of pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (REN1, AT4G24580) regulation of apical actin polymerization |
is independent from |
(REN1, AT4G24580) role in regulating the activity of ROPs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Catharanthus roseus (RLK, AT5G67280) FERONIA |
acts in |
pollen tube perception |
Catharanthus roseus |
| pollen tube growth |
is accompanied by inhibition of RNA synthesis in |
sperm nuclei |
Hyacinthus orientalis |
| (REN1, AT4G24580) loss of function |
generates cell membrane deformation at |
pollen tube tips |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (REN1, AT4G24580) phenotypic defects |
resemble those in |
formin overexpression pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased exocytosis in the growth zone |
supports |
increased growth rate and cell expansion |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| newly deposited cell wall |
expands under the force of |
vectorial hydrodynamic flux driving the apical dome outward |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| changes in nuclear activity of sperm cells |
reflect |
maturation process during pollen tube growth |
Hyacinthus orientalis |
| transcriptional activity of vegetative and generative nuclei |
was indicated in |
growing pollen tubes of Lilium longiflorum |
Lilium longiflorum |
| pollen grain germination |
is accompanied by slight increase in |
26S and 18S rRNA levels |
Hyacinthus orientalis |
| PwTUA1 expression |
plays an important role in maintaining |
rapid pollen tube growth |
Pinus wilsonii |
| cell wall |
controls |
cell shape in pollen tubes |
|
| cytosolic Ca 2+ increase |
activates |
exocytosis of cell wall precursors |
|
| transport vesicles |
segregate almost exclusively to |
tube apex |
Nicotiana tabacum; Lilium species |
| actin cables and microtubules |
are largely aligned with |
long axis of the tube |
Nicotiana tabacum; Lilium species |
| uncontrolled pollen tube growth in the micropyle |
can lead to |
invasion of the embryo sac |
|
| endosidin 1 (ES1) |
induced |
depolarization of pollen tube growth |
|
| pollen tubes (PTs) from Ga1s/Ga1s-plants |
show no striking difference compared to |
pollen tubes (PTs) from Ga1s/ga1-plants |
Zea mays |
| (GABA-T, HER1, POP2, AT3G22200) pollen tubes |
show arrested or misguided growth in |
(GABA-T, HER1, POP2, AT3G22200) pistils |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| F-actin and vesicle trafficking regulation |
regulates |
pollen tube tip growth |
|
| chemocyanin |
functions as |
pollen tube growth enhancer |
Lilium longiflorum |
| AFM |
was used to observe |
arrangement of cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) |
Torenia fournieri |
| gymnosperm microtubules |
have been reported to be enriched at the elongating tip, where they form an array beneath the plasma membrane that is perpendicular to the direction of |
tube growth |
|
| pollen tube |
grows into |
style |
|
| pollen tube journey from transmitting tracts towards the micropyle |
was named as |
ovarial cavity growth |
Zea mays |
| pollen tubes |
decelerates its speed |
pollen tube growth rate |
|
| small peptides secreted from embryo sac cells |
play critical roles in |
pollen tube growth support and guidance |
|
| small peptides secreted from sporophytic maternal tissues of the pistil |
play critical roles in |
pollen tube burst |
|
| pollen tubes in wild-type |
grow relatively easily within |
environment of the transmitting tract (straight/thin morphology) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| peptide signalling |
plays a leading role during |
short-range signalling along pollen tube pathway |
|
| changes in RNA synthesis in Hyacinthus orientalis pollen |
were accompanied by |
significant redistribution of splicing machinery elements in vegetative and generative nuclei |
Hyacinthus orientalis |
| control tube |
exhibits |
short, kinked morphology |
Torenia fournieri |
| exogenous GABA |
regulates |
pollen tube growth |
|
| pollen tube |
grows through |
stigmatic cells |
|
| sperm cells |
exhibit transcriptional state during |
in vitro pollen tube growth |
Hyacinthus orientalis |
| (AGP6, AT5G14380) |
is expressed in |
germinating pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PwTUA1 transcript |
varies at each stage of |
pollen tube growth |
Picea wilsonii |
| subapical collection of actin microfilaments |
undergoes dynamic changes giving rise to |
basket- or funnel-shaped, mesh-like to subtle ring structures |
|
| (MORF8, RIP1, AT3G15000) /ICR1-ROP1 interaction |
participates in |
pollen tube tip growth |
|
| (MORF8, RIP1, AT3G15000) (ICR1, RIP1, AT1G17140) |
is involved in |
Arabidopsis pollen tip growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reverse-fountain cytoplasmic streaming |
occurs in |
pollen tubes |
|
| pollinated silks |
likely contain |
Zea m1 from pollen tubes |
|
| polar cell growth process in angiosperm pollen tubes |
is dependent on |
actin cytoskeleton |
|
| microtubules in subapical region |
enter |
apical dome |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| delocalization of (ARAC11, ATRAC11, ATROP1, ROP1, ROP1AT, AT3G51300) induced by overexpression of CA- (constitutive active ) |
caused |
depolarization of pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (MORF8, RIP1, AT3G15000) (ICR1, RIP1, AT1G17140) overexpression |
reduced |
length of tobacco pollen tubes expressing GFP-RIC4 |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| OsPBP1–yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion protein |
yellow signal could be detected in |
growing pollen tube |
|
| cotton (ADF7, AT4G25590) |
displays strong activity at |
apical region of pollen tubes |
|
| oscillatory growth behavior of pollen tubes |
involves |
cyclic changes of turgor pressure |
|
| ren1-2 mutant |
exhibits |
depolarized growth phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tube growth |
can also have |
very low level of cell expansion in the opposing direction |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| report |
shows |
locus of exocytosis and growth is adjacent to the apical dome |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| sperm nuclei |
likely synthesize some pool of rRNA at |
later steps of pollen tube |
Hyacinthus orientalis |
| FTIR |
analysed |
distribution and content changes of wall materials in pollen tubes |
Torenia fournieri |
| transcriptional activity of vegetative and generative nuclei |
was indicated in |
growing pollen tubes of Nicotiana tabacum |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| active growth zone in pollen tubes |
emerges as |
apical region lacking FM dyes in the plasma membrane |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| hydrodynamic flux |
appears to be |
key integrator of anisotropic pollen tube growth |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| tip extremity region |
shows |
slow expansion |
|
| pollen tube |
interacts with |
synergid cells |
|
| (AGP1, ATAGP1, AT5G64310) (AGP12, ATAGP12, AT3G13520) and (AGP15, ATAGP15, AT5G11740) |
might contribute by nutritionally supporting |
pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tubes |
continued to grow |
toward ZmEA1 droplet placement |
Zea mays |
| transmitting tract |
is along which |
pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tip-focused oscillations of Ca2+, protons, and other ions |
are fundamental for |
polarized pollen tube growth |
|
| triple mutant pollen tube growth |
is comparable to |
wild-type pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tubes |
germinate and grow through |
transmitting tract |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tubes in spl8-1 mutant pistils |
show similar progression to |
wild-type pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tubes |
grow in polar manner |
polar growth |
|
| high-amplitude/low-frequency oscillations |
is one of |
two distinct growth patterns in rbohh-1 rbohj-2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ROS |
function as |
speed control |
|
| disruption of equilibrium |
compromises |
timing of molecular events that normally ensure cellular integrity |
|
| reorganization of actin cytoskeleton during growth reorientation |
is in tune with |
Ca2+ oscillations |
|
| (ATSYP124, SYP124, AT1G61290) (ATSYP125, SYP125, AT1G11250) |
might display |
sufficiently similar functions |
|
| pollen tubes |
enter |
embryo sac |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| crooked tubes |
often pursued |
wandering sideways paths that terminated in the vicinity of ovules |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| demethylated pectin |
represses |
lateral growth |
|
| phase of peak growth rate and cell-wall exocytosis |
appears to be shifted in |
rbohh-1 rbohj-2 pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| individual tubes |
were examined by staining with aniline blue after |
24 hr |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ren1-1 LAT52::GFP-REN1 tubes treated with 0.1 ug/ml BFA |
became |
short and swollen |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 3-MPA (3-mercaptopropionic acid) treatment |
led to |
significantly slowed pollen tube growth |
|
| AGPs |
are particularly present along |
pollen tube pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tube |
lengthens along |
funiculus |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| STIG1 |
is involved in |
secretion of pistil exudates |
Nicotiana tabacum; Petunia |
| transmitting-tract tissue |
may provide nutrition for |
pollen-tube movement |
Arabidopsis |
| Arabidopsis (ARF6, AT1G30330) (ARF8, ATARF8, AT5G37020) mutants |
have severely decreased ability of gynoecium to support |
pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cell–cell communication events |
occur during |
pollen tube growth and fertilization |
|
| loss of GABA gradient in (GABA-T, HER1, POP2, AT3G22200) pistils |
is suggested to result in |
abnormal pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tube |
reaches |
micropyle |
|
| pollen tubes |
grow on |
surface of the placenta |
|
| PM H+ -ATPase |
was suggested to play a major role in |
pollen tube growth |
|
| spatial organization of endocytosis and exocytosis sites |
functions to delimit |
active growth zone to the apical region |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| pistils of different species |
contain |
many factors that play roles in pollen tube growth |
|
| (AGP1, ATAGP1, AT5G64310) (AGP12, ATAGP12, AT3G13520) and (AGP15, ATAGP15, AT5G11740) |
might contribute by making competent |
pollen tubes for pollen tube reception by embryo sac |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of (CBL7, SCaBP3, AT4G26560) |
did not affect |
pollen tube growth |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| antagonism of formin function |
can suppress |
depolarized phenotype in (REN1, AT4G24580) loss-of-function pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expanding pollen tubes |
have focal point of wall expansion at |
apical zone at the tube tip |
|
| pollen tube |
lengthens along |
specialized transmitting tract cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tubes |
penetrate |
intercellular space at the stigma and style |
|
| (PLD, PLDALPHA1, AT3G15730) (phospholipase D) |
is involved in |
polar pollen tube growth |
|
| promoter analysis |
allows detection of |
specific and differential presence of these proteins along the pathway followed by the pollen tube |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phenotypes induced by overexpression of CBL3-mCherry together with inactive mVenus-CIPK12KD1 |
were similar in extent to |
overexpression of CBL3-mCherry alone |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| more basal sections |
revealed a significant reduction in |
number of pollen tubes for the mutant compared with wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tubes overexpressing CBL2-mCherry or CBL3-mCherry |
were growing slower than |
pollen tubes expressing mCherry alone |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| (ANX1, AT3G04690) /2 and (BUPS1, PIR1, AT4G39110) /2 receptor kinases |
form |
complex in pollen tube |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| abnormal actin organization and vesicle trafficking |
resulted in |
abnormal pollen tube growth |
|
| (LTP5, AT3G51600) |
promotes |
pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tube |
penetrates inside |
ovary |
flowering plants |
| (MIR167A, AT3G22886) pollen tubes |
grew well in |
wild-type pistils |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| self-fertilization |
involves pollen tube growth through |
female reproductive tract |
Arabidopsis |
| pollen tubes in wild-type |
show rapid |
apical-to-basal tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 12d.8 line |
expresses |
GFP-ROP1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (REN1, AT4G24580) |
regulates |
polarity of pollen-tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| width of microchannel |
did not significantly affect |
pollen tube growth rate |
Camellia japonica |
| pollen tubes during growth through large hollow styles and within cavity of ovary |
are able to grow extended distances surrounded partially by air, but fluid is still provided from |
one side of underlying stigmatic and pistillar tissues |
|
| pollen tubes |
penetrate |
female tissues |
|
| elongating pollen tubes |
are |
structurally asymmetric |
|
| pollen tube collapse |
is preceded by |
increase in rate of exocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tubes in microfluidic set-up |
typically avoided |
air bubbles trapped in microfluidic network |
Camellia japonica |
| prolonged pollen tube elongation |
is thought to require |
supply of liquid water and ions to apex of tube |
|
| mutant pollen tubes |
do not appear to burst during |
high-amplitude/low-frequency oscillatory growth |
|
| ROOT AND POLLEN ARFGAP (AGD10, MEE28, RPA, AT2G35210) |
plays a role in |
pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tube growth |
can be divided into |
eight metabolic phases |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| system in conifers |
differs from |
system of angiosperms |
|
| pollen tube |
lengthens along |
ovary integuments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SAUR75, AT5G27780) |
has subtle effect on |
pistil function for pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endocytosis of pectin methyl-esterase inhibitors (PMEIs) |
shows surprising regulation of |
pectin methyl-esterase (PME) |
|
| loss of function of RMD |
caused |
abnormal pollen tube growth |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATFH5, Fh5, AT5G54650) |
stimulates actin assembly from |
subapical membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decreased velocity of organelle movement in rmd-1 pollen tubes |
is associated with |
altered distribution of organelles |
Oryza sativa |
| AP-3 loss of function |
reduces significantly |
Ca2+ gradient during pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCBL2, CBL2, SCaBP1, AT5G55990) and (ATCBL3, CBL3, AT4G26570) |
are calcium sensors functioning in |
pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AP-3 component mutants |
showed reductions of |
pollen tube growth in vitro |
|
| pollen tubes |
grow through |
maternal tissue |
|
| disorganized and depolarized F-actin arrays and cables in rmd pollen tubes |
is thought to be due to |
altered efficiency of cytoplasmic streaming in rmd pollen tubes |
Oryza sativa |
| rmd pollen tubes |
show |
absence of the reverse-fountain cytoplasmic streaming pattern |
Oryza sativa |
| abolished and/or knocked down expression of (SAUR62, AT1G29430) 75 |
significantly retards |
pollen tube elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tubes |
can grow in vitro when supplied with |
simple chemical ingredients |
|
| (COBL10, AT3G20580) |
is expressed at high levels in |
pollen tubes growing in vitro |
|
| elasticity of apical cap |
facilitates |
polar growth |
|
| lack of NAD(P)H oxidases |
leads to |
premature pollen tube collapse |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dynamics of apical actin filaments |
facilitate construction of |
apical actin structure |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| changes in growth direction |
involve |
re-localization of PM proteins by endocytosis and recycling |
|
| increased ROP activity |
may enhance |
pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (REN1, AT4G24580) (R244L) |
failed to functionally complement |
ren1-1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZmEA1 |
arrests growth of at higher concentrations |
maize pollen tubes |
Zea mays |
| oscillatory growth behavior of pollen tubes |
involves |
cyclic changes of cell-wall rigidity |
|
| co-expression of inactive (ATWL4, CIPK12, PKS8, SnRK3.9, WL4, AT4G18700) with (ATCBL3, CBL3, AT4G26570) |
caused |
reduction of phenotypes toward intensities observed upon expression of (ATCBL3, CBL3, AT4G26570) alone |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| ES1, ES4, (ABE4, ATMES4, MES4, AT2G23580) ES-a, ES-b, ES-c, ES-d, ES-e, mES-d1, and mES-d2 peptides |
were applied to |
growing maize pollen tubes |
Zea mays |
| small peptides secreted from sporophytic maternal tissues of the pistil |
play critical roles in |
pollen tube growth support and guidance |
|
| loss-of-function mutation in (REN1, AT4G24580) |
is responsible for |
(REN1, AT4G24580) phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tube |
requires |
highly dynamic cytoskeleton |
|
| pollen tube |
requires |
reactive oxygen species |
|
| growth rate of rmd-1 pollen tubes |
was affected severely at |
lower concentrations of LatB |
Oryza sativa |
| rmd mutants |
show |
wider and shorter pollen tubes |
Oryza sativa |
| AtRbohH |
is involved in |
pollen tube tip growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtRbohJ |
is involved in |
pollen tube tip growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pollen tubes in wild-type gynoecium |
grow in well-ordered manner through |
transmitting tract |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| microfilaments (MFs) in pollen tubes |
must maintain |
state of equilibrium |
|
| long F-actin bundles |
extend to |
apical region of inverted cone |
|
| decrease in defense processes |
may be essential for |
pollen tube 'permissive invasion' of style and ovary tissues |
|
| massive bidirectional fluxes of ions and tightly regulated oscillations of Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, and pH |
contribute to |
oscillatory growth behavior of pollen tubes |
|
| tip-localized RMD |
determines |
distribution of methylesterified pectin |
Oryza sativa |
| RMD |
determines |
F-actin density at the apex |
Oryza sativa |
| selective translation of certain groups of proteins |
coordinates |
prompt pollen tube elongation during pollination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RMD |
controls |
rice pollen tube growth |
Oryza sativa |
| rmd-1 pollen tubes |
suggesting |
delayed growth of rmd-1 pollen tubes |
Oryza sativa |
| overexpression of the FH1FH2 domain of RMD without tip guiding directed by the RMD PTEN-like domain |
results in |
depolarized growth of tobacco pollen tubes |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| depletion of (ATFH5, Fh5, AT5G54650) |
exerts stronger suppressive effect on |
ren1-3 pollen tube phenotypes than AtFH3 depletion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATWL4, CIPK12, PKS8, SnRK3.9, WL4, AT4G18700) loss-of-function allele |
exhibits |
reduction of pollen tube length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (REN1, AT4G24580) negative regulation of formin-mediated actin polymerization |
controls |
polarized pollen tube growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LAT52::CA-rop1 pollen grains |
developed |
swollen tubes even before release from anther |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| vacuole and vacuolar Ca2+-regulated events |
have |
important role during polar growth processes |
|
| loss of function of AtFH3 or (ATFH5, Fh5, AT5G54650) |
cannot suppress |
depolarized phenotype in CAROP1 pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lily pollen tubes |
grow on |
surface of transmitting tissue between epidermal cells and cuticle |
Lilium sp. |