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plant immunity

48490 relationships annotated with this phrase. Showing first 500 of 48490.
Source entity Relationship Target entity Species
ordered lipid membrane nanodomains is necessary for regulation of plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
RPM1-interacting protein 4 (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) is immunity hub
structural similarity between R genes and PRRs provides support for concept that R gene-mediated and PAMP/MAMP-triggered immunity in plants are often not clearly distinct
differences in recognition of Avr3D1 isoforms by an R protein lead to continuous distribution in magnitude of resistance
BcPG1 could induce cell death in a FERL-dependent manner Solanum lycopersicum
AtSKRP self-interaction and oligomer formation is associated with function in plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
AtSKRP negatively regulates plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATRAR1, PBS2, RAR1, RPR2, AT5G51700) is positive regulator of plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
pi4kβ1,2 displays enhanced immunity to bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 (Psm ES4326) and Pst DC3000 Arabidopsis thaliana
constitutive expression of (ATMYB15, ATY19, MYB15, AT3G23250) results in elevation of lignin content regardless of immune activation Arabidopsis thaliana
S8 domain has been implicated in modulation of plant immunity by pathogens
structure of Stb6 and Stb16q agrees well with structure of almost all plant PRRs recognising PAMP/MAMPs and other pathogen elicitors Triticum aestivum
pectin fragments and oligogalacturonides are common DAMPs
continuous distribution in magnitude of resistance instead of two alternative phenotypes (resistant and susceptible)
disruption in homeostasis of immune responses can lead to plants exhibiting constitutive immune responses
(ATWRKY33, WRKY33, AT2G38470) is (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) /6 substrate Arabidopsis thaliana
Toll/interleukin-1 receptor/resistance protein (AtTN10, TIR, TN10, AT1G72930) NLRs (TNLs) are NLR category
SRNs as guanosine-specific single-strand endoribonucleases are plausible case for DAMP recognition
Phytophthora infestans infection causes larger infection area in EDK1-knockout mutant Nicotiana benthamiana
PpE18 targets ankyrin repeat-containing protein NbANKr2 Nicotiana benthamiana; Phytophthora parasitica
RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
PHAGOCYTOSIS OXIDASE/BEM1P (PB1) DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN (PB1CP) negatively regulates resistance against Colletotrichum higginsianum
pentuple CAR mutants were more susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 Arabidopsis thaliana
presence of unspliced transcript reduces plant immunity against P. capsici Nicotiana benthamiana
more stabilized Suppressor of npr1-1 Constitutive 1 (BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) results in autoimmunity Arabidopsis thaliana
overexpression of the above-mentioned TLPs led to enhanced immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
(PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) negatively regulates expression of is demonstrated by modulation of disease resistance and defense gene expression Arabidopsis thaliana
accumulating a negative regulator helps plants avoiding runaway expression of defense-related genes Arabidopsis thaliana
GHs play a role in defense mechanisms
NbAPX3-1 positively regulates plant immunity in Nicotiana benthamiana Nicotiana benthamiana
downregulated receptor kinases and protein kinases could contribute to attenuating activation of plant's immune system Aeschynomene evenia
(ALKBH10B, AT4G02940) mutants affect plant defense against viral infection Arabidopsis thaliana
methylation and demethylation pathways protect genes against damage by transposon invasions
executor (E) genes act like molecular traps
recognition of avirulence factors trigger quantitative resistance phenotypes
inappropriate activation of defense responses leads to enhanced cell death
SlFERL-SlMAP3K18 module tunes in response to Botrytis cinerea invasion Solanum lycopersicum
(BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) (SUPPRESSOR OF npr1-1, CONSTITUTIVE 1) encodes important immune signaling regulator Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATRAR1, PBS2, RAR1, RPR2, AT5G51700) (required for Mla12 Resistance 1) is involved in plant immunity regulation Arabidopsis thaliana
positive immunity regulators with differential splicing at 0 hpi contain exons that are spliced more effectively in atskrp-t at 0 hpi Arabidopsis thaliana
transient assay in N. benthamiana leaf showed overexpression conferred increased resistance against Phytophthora capsici Nicotiana benthamiana
enhanced colonization of roots by either pathogenic or beneficial Pseudomonas strains was not observed in tlp knockout mutants and DN-TLP6 OE lines and PI4Kβ2 OE lines Arabidopsis thaliana
(PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) could modulate defense responses is tested by infiltration of (PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) mutant plants, pifq quadruple mutants and -OX plants with P. syringae Arabidopsis thaliana; Pseudomonas syringae
(ATERF6, ERF-6-6, ERF103, ERF6, AT4G17490) is (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) /6 substrate Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) negatively regulates disease resistance to Pst DC3000 Arabidopsis thaliana
soybean (BIR1, AT5G48380) (GmBIR1) is investigated for functional role during soybean cyst nematode infection Glycine max; Heterodera glycines
Phytophthora infestans infection produces less severe disease symptom in EDK1 overexpression lines Nicotiana benthamiana
PHAGOCYTOSIS OXIDASE/BEM1P (PB1) DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN (PB1CP) negatively regulates RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910)
DMRs in OX-dml lines overlap with genes involved in immune response Populus trichocarpa
ZpAvr3D1 and ZaAvr3D1 triggered defense response in cultivar Runal Triticum aestivum; Zymoseptoria pseudotritici; Zymoseptoria ardabiliae
SlMAP2K2 contribute to responses of tomato plants to Botrytis cinerea Solanum lycopersicum
infected GFP-AtSKRP shows reduced ROS production Arabidopsis thaliana
positive immunity regulators with differential splicing at 24 hpi contain exons that are spliced less effectively in atskrp-t at 24 hpi Arabidopsis thaliana
disruption in homeostasis of immune responses can lead to plants becoming more susceptible increased susceptibility to pathogens
(ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) and (AGB1, ATAGB1, ELK4, AT4G34460) are partly required for autoimmunity displayed by (AtTLP6, TLP6, AT1G47270) OE line and pi4kβ1,2 Arabidopsis thaliana
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognition of PAMPs/DAMPs initiates defense responses
AvrRpt2 is recognized across several plant species
AtSKRP repression of intron removal results in plant immunity repression Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtTLP2, TLP2, AT2G18280) (ATTLP1, TLP1, AT4G24180) (AtTLP5, TLP5, AT1G43640) and (AtTLP10, TLP10, AT1G25280) have similar redundant functions in enhancing plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
phospho-mimicking (PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) variant ( 6D pifq) caused lower levels of defense gene expression Arabidopsis thaliana
Glyma.18g246400 and Glyma.09g246600 co-silencing resulted in constitutive activation of defense responses Glycine max
silencing of TaRCA in TcLr2b reduced wheat resistance to Pt infection Triticum aestivum
nonhost resistance is suggested to be supported by plant recognition of pathogen effectors
increased PAL and POD activities could furtherly enhance production of phenolics
single point mutation in Avr-Pik from Pyricularia oryzae changed magnitude of the induced resistance response Pyricularia oryzae
The 'danger model' provides holistic classification of plant-colonizer interactions
HR is necessary for Botrytis cinerea infection
root immunity of (ATTLP1, TLP1, AT4G24180) ,2,5,6,10 and DN-TLP6 and PI4Kβ2 OE lines was tested using root pathogens Pseudomonas spp. N2C3 and Pseudomonas fuscovaginae SE-1 Arabidopsis thaliana
phosphorylation of SP motif residues contributes to negative regulation of plant immune responses Arabidopsis thaliana
FERONIA (FER, AT3G51550) inhibits JA signaling
lignification in vessel cell walls plays crucial role in preventing propagation of pathogens Solanum lycopersicum; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
disruption of chloroplast signal transduction pathways impacts host's immune response
modification of epigenetic regulation affects resistance to plant diseases
Avrs can determine nonhost resistance
Avr3D1 3D1 and Avr3D1 AUS_1A6 exhibited slight difference in triggering defense Triticum aestivum; Zymoseptoria tritici
mutants showing higher ROS level may respond differentially to pathogens with different lifestyles
(BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) mutants exhibits constitutive activation of defense signaling without pathogen infection Arabidopsis thaliana
loss of SKRP increases immunity upon pathogen infection Arabidopsis thaliana
overexpression of ∆OR5 or ∆OR10 is unable to complement increased resistance to P. capsici of skrp Arabidopsis thaliana
autoimmunity is associated with dwarfism Arabidopsis thaliana
Tubby-like protein 6 (AtTLP6, TLP6, AT1G47270) is positive regulator of plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
RPW8-like coiled-coil NLRs (RNLs) are NLR category
Cf-9B is associated with leaf chlorosis and strong accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins Solanum lycopersicum
PB1CP-RBOHD interaction leads to dissociation of phosphorylated BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1, AT2G39660)
NIS1 induces cell death Nicotiana benthamiana
pathogen effector proteins interfere with plant defenses
(ATEDR1, EDR1, AT1G08720) mutant displayed enhanced resistance to powdery mildew Arabidopsis thaliana
VQ-motif-containing proteins (VQPs) is (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) /6 substrate Arabidopsis thaliana
coiled-coil (CC) NLRs (CNLs) often function as effector-recognizing sensors
extracellular-targeted GH proteins is associated with defense mechanisms against pathogens
pattern-triggered plant immunity (PTI) is branch of plant immunity
EDK1-knockout mutant used for infection assay using Phytophthora infestans Nicotiana benthamiana
Phytophthora strain JH19 containing AVRblb2 did not cause disease symptoms in WT expressing Rpi-blb2 Nicotiana benthamiana
similar LRR proteins in sorghum and tomato participate in defense responses Sorghum bicolor; Solanum lycopersicum
Cf-9C is associated with hypersensitive response (HR) Solanum lycopersicum
VmSpm1 may primarily interfere with plant immune responses by suppressing plant ETI
(ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) is required for induced resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
miR393 enhances plant innate immunity against bacterial pathogens Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATPAD4, PAD4, AT3G52430) protein mediates basal immunity
(ANP2, MAPKKK2, NP2, AT1G54960) (ANP3, AtANP3, MAPKKK12, NP3, AT3G06030) mutants exhibit enhanced pathogen resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtROS1, DML1, ROS1, AT2G36490) demethylation is involved in basal pathogen resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
RPM1-interacting protein 4 (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) is targeted by many different bacterial pathogens
(ATMPK4, MAPK4, MPK4, AT4G01370) is typically regarded as negative regulator of plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
plant defenses include oxidative bursts
effector proteins suppress plant defense responses
biotic stress alters modification of epigenetic regulation
R gene-mediated recognition event(s) of wheat to Z. tritici may underpin through effectively co-opting elements of PAMP/MAMP-based form of immunity Triticum aestivum; Zymoseptoria tritici
extracellular and intracellular immune receptors detect molecular cues indicating colonization by other organisms or pathologic cellular alterations
infiltration of tomato leaves with recombinant BcPG1 resulted in activation of MAPK signaling Solanum lycopersicum
host transcriptome undergoes extensive reprogramming upon pathogen infection
atskrp mutant was found to be more resistant to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000 Arabidopsis thaliana
SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-1 (EVR, SOBIR1, AT2G31880) is involved in immunity
(BIR1, AT5G48380) homologs function as negative regulators of defense response Glycine max
effector target protein can be categorized as guardee or decoy
AvrPm2 recognition by Pm2 causes hypersensitive cell death triggered by NLR Hordeum vulgare
lignin deposition in developing vessel elements offers physical and chemical protection against pathogen invasion
AtSKRP is plant immune suppressor Arabidopsis thaliana
autoimmunity marker (PR-5, PR5, AT1G75040) was only activated at 0.5 h after infection Arabidopsis thaliana
BAK1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR 1 (BIR1, AT5G48380) negatively regulates cell death
host-derived RNAs may serve as DAMPs to indirectly detect invasive pathogens secreting specific RNases in apoplast
NbAPX3-1-mediated plant immunity requires NbANKr2 Nicotiana benthamiana
epigenetic regulation includes histone modifications
A. arguta plant lines like AA07_03 have evolved to recognise at least three of these effectors, and their deletion leads to an increase in fitness Actinidia arguta
Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 (Tg) and Humicola could significantly increase JA (jasmonic acid) contents in banana plants
quantitative nature of Avr3D1 recognition was observed in different wheat lines harboring Stb7 Triticum aestivum
Bg_9562 protein treatment imparts immunity in wild-type tomato Solanum lycopersicum
immunity regulators regulated by SKRP shows more positive than negative immunity regulators regulated by SKRP Arabidopsis thaliana
(UBP25, AT3G14400) and (ATRAR1, PBS2, RAR1, RPR2, AT5G51700) positively regulate plant immunity against P. capsici Arabidopsis thaliana
tlp knockout mutants and DN-TLP6 OE lines show same immune phenotype as PI4Kβ2 OE lines Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) and (BIR1, AT5G48380) physical association and loss of BAK1 activity inhibits autoimmune phenotype of (BIR1, AT5G48380) mutants
plant immune receptors activate defense responses
immune response inhibits Cladosporium fluvum infection Solanum lycopersicum
AvrPm2 from Blumeria graminis is recognized by barley nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) protein Pm2 Blumeria graminis; Hordeum vulgare
hypersensitive response (HR) restricts hyphal growth Solanum lycopersicum; Fulvia fulva
decrease in H2O2 accumulation inhibits plant defense responses Triticum aestivum
outcome of biotic interactions can lead to changes in plant defense
phenolics and lignification prevent pathogen invasion
NIS1 is recognized by Nicotiana benthamiana Nicotiana benthamiana
phospho-mimicking transgenic plants show increased susceptibility to Pst DC3000 compared with (PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) WT pifq and 6A pifq transgenic plants Arabidopsis thaliana
(PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) negatively regulates plant immune responses Arabidopsis thaliana
antimicrobial proteins and peptides might be able to evade plant recognition Arabidopsis thaliana
plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initially recognize microbe-or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs or PAMPs)
ROS-scavenging activity of NbAPX3-1 is critical for immune function of NbAPX3-1 Nicotiana benthamiana
NbANKr2-mediated NbAPX3-1 dimerization and stability promotes NbAPX3-1-mediated disease resistance Nicotiana benthamiana
PHAGOCYTOSIS OXIDASE/BEM1P (PB1) DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN (PB1CP) is novel negative regulator of (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910)
plant-derived oligogalacturonides induce resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
pea aphid-Arabidopsis interactions will be useful for identification of such components Arabidopsis thaliana
known microRNAs (miRNAs) in rice whether and which are involved in rice immunity against blast fungus Oryza sativa; Magnaporthe oryzae
hypersensitive response (HR) is characterized by rapid death of plant cells at pathogen infection site Glycine max
suppressor mutants of (ATMEK1, MEK1, MKK1, NMAPKK, AT4G26070) (ATMKK2, MK1, MKK2, AT4G29810) showed that autoimmunity in mkk1 mkk2 mutants is caused by activation of coiled-coil-NB-LRR protein (SUMM2, AT1G12280) Arabidopsis thaliana
ETI and PTI responses may potentiate each other
immune response triggered by Avr3D1 homologues is cultivar-specific Triticum aestivum
suppression of intron retention occurs at (ATRAR1, PBS2, RAR1, RPR2, AT5G51700) Arabidopsis thaliana
spliceosome-associated proteins highlight the profound involvement in plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
AtSKRP loss leads to increased plant immunity to P. capsici Arabidopsis thaliana
plants have complex immune systems
genetic screen with candidate E3 ligases overexpressed in (BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) background was conducted to find novel E3 ligases involved in regulation of immune responses Arabidopsis thaliana
five TLPs ( (ATTLP1, TLP1, AT4G24180) (AtTLP2, TLP2, AT2G18280) (AtTLP5, TLP5, AT1G43640) (AtTLP6, TLP6, AT1G47270) (AtTLP10, TLP10, AT1G25280) ) likely function redundantly in modulating Arabidopsis immune response Arabidopsis thaliana
phospho-mimicking (PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) variant ( 6D pifq) conferred increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 Arabidopsis thaliana
Glyma.18g246400 and Glyma.09g246600 co-silencing resulted in enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea Glycine max
host susceptibility (ETS, Effector-triggered susceptibility) overcomes pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)
plants employ Nucleotide-binding site and Leucine-rich repeat domain Receptors (NLRs)
MdLRP14 is homologous to disease resistance proteins (R proteins) Malus domestica
Nicotiana benthamiana plants overexpressing soybean cinnamate 4-hydroxylase showed enhanced disease resistance Nicotiana benthamiana
Pt9029 interaction with TaRCA resulted in decrease in H2O2 accumulation Triticum aestivum
R gene-mediated and PAMP/MAMP-triggered immunity in plants instead supports existence of conceptual and functional overlaps, constituting blurring of the two systems
cell death caused by HR is effective resistance mechanism against biotrophic pathogens
(ATEDR1, EDR1, AT1G08720) mutant displayed enhanced resistance to other pathogens Arabidopsis thaliana
splicing-related proteins are found to be important for plant immunity
negative immunity regulators with differential splicing at 24 hpi contains exons that are spliced more and less effectively in atskrp-t at 24 hpi Arabidopsis thaliana
(ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) /6 is (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) /6 substrate Arabidopsis thaliana
(BIR1, AT5G48380) is suggested to inhibit function of (ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) in activating plant immunity
EDK1 resistance partially depends on kinase activity Nicotiana benthamiana
ethylene-responsive factors are known to be involved in plant immunity responses against pathogens attack Aeschynomene evenia
infection triggers rapid elicitation of defense
(PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) can be phosphorylated by (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) /6 Arabidopsis thaliana
RPW8-like coiled-coil NLRs (RNLs) play an important role in immune activation
pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) transmits resistance signals
PpE18 disturbs immune function of NbAPX3-1 Nicotiana benthamiana; Phytophthora parasitica
activated immunity of plants prevent pathogen infections
wheat lines Titlis and Drifter lack resistance gene to Avr3D1 Triticum aestivum
weaker avirulence alleles trigger weaker host response that leads to more symptoms Triticum aestivum
The 'danger model' reflects multifaceted nature of plant immune sensing
effector-triggered immunity (ETI) triggers stronger immune response
(IOS1, AT1G51800) was expressed at higher level in pifq plants after flg22 treatment Arabidopsis thaliana
(BIR1, AT5G48380) suppresses plant defense responses upon infection by oomycetes
N REQUIREMENT GENE 1 (NRG1) is helper (AtRLG1, ATRNL, RLG1, RNL, ZYG3, AT1G07910)
AvrPm2 recognition by Pm2 suggests that AvrPm2 is cytoplasmic effector Blumeria graminis
Pt9029 suppresses wheat resistance to Pt Triticum aestivum; Puccinia triticina
phosphorylated BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1, AT2G39660) dissociates from RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910)
Arabidopsis CNGC (cyclic nucleotide-gated channel) proteins function in plant immune responses Arabidopsis thaliana
ETI and PTI responses are closely linked each other
BcPG1 activated defense responses in grapevine Vitis vinifera
AtSKRP confers impaired plant immunity against Phytophthora capsici Arabidopsis thaliana
loss of (EMB14, EMB177, EMB33, PRP8, SUS2, AT1G80070) decreases plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
pi4kβ1,2 double mutant displays constitutively active defense responses Arabidopsis thaliana
ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) is required for immunity displayed by pi4kβ1,2 Arabidopsis thaliana
plant hormones-induced pathways always accompanied by producing CHT and oxidative enzymes (POD, PAL, LOX, and (PPO, TOPP2, AT5G59160) )
three susceptibility genes encode NLRs resembling major classes of R-proteins
35S:GFP-AtSKRP overexpression line displays decreased resistance to Phytophthora capsici Arabidopsis thaliana
T-DNA insertion mutants (UBP25, AT3G14400) rar1-1, and rar1-2 showed more susceptibility compared with wild-type Col-0 Arabidopsis thaliana
pi4kβ1,2 displays constitutive PR gene expression Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis heteromeric G protein β subunit (AGB1, ATAGB1, ELK4, AT4G34460) is required for PTI responses Arabidopsis thaliana
plants at seedling stage have weak plant immune system
Nucleotide-binding site and Leucine-rich repeat domain Receptors (NLRs) recognize pathogen effectors
disease resistance proteins (R proteins) are downregulated in WT-inoculated roots Aeschynomene evenia; Bradyrhizobium vignae
EtHAn:Pt9029 ΔSP can inhibit or interfere with wheat immune response Triticum aestivum
TIR-NBS-LRR is involved in defense response to fungus Populus trichocarpa
higher SA levels in itpa plants may affect plant–pathogen interactions Arabidopsis thaliana
some HSTs are thought to trigger plant immune system through their specific target NLRs
Arabidopsis fer-4 mutants were more resistant to Botrytis cinerea Arabidopsis thaliana
(PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) overexpression transgenic plants supported more bacterial growth compared with Col-0 Arabidopsis thaliana
plant apoplast contains plant defenses
small molecular products are recognized and trigger defense
leucine-rich repeat (LRR) subclass RLKs are involved in immunity and disease resistance
coiled-coil (CC) NLRs (CNLs) are NLR category
Phytophthora strain JH19 containing AVRblb2 caused disease symptoms in WT and edk1 Rpi-blb2 transgenic lines Nicotiana benthamiana
cereal mildews capacity to infect wheat is controlled by recognition of AvrPm3
pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as elongation factor TU (EF-Tu), flagellin, and chitin
splicing factor (AtSR45, RNPS1, SR45, AT1G16610) function to suppress plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
AtSKRP self-interaction and oligomer formation are tightly associated with function in plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
35S::2HA-PI4Kβ2 plants were sprayed with either ETI-inducing Ha Emwa1 or non-ETI-inducing Ha Noco2 Arabidopsis thaliana
(PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) overexpression transgenic plants supported more bacterial growth of Pst DC3000 Arabidopsis thaliana; Pseudomonas syringae
(BIR1, AT5G48380) loss-of-function mutants triggers spontaneous immune responses
GmBIR1 functions as negative regulator of defense signaling Glycine max
ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (ADR1, AT1G33560) is helper (AtRLG1, ATRNL, RLG1, RNL, ZYG3, AT1G07910)
effector recognition by NLRs can be direct
effector-triggered plant immunity (ETI) is branch of plant immunity
SCOOP phytocytokines are present in hosts and colonizers
(ATRAR1, PBS2, RAR1, RPR2, AT5G51700) functions in R gene-dependent immunity Arabidopsis thaliana; Hordeum vulgare
JA signal transduction impairment decreases disease resistance Malus domestica
WRKY transcription factors are known to be involved in plant immunity responses against pathogens attack Aeschynomene evenia
FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE2 (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) and EF-TU RECEPTOR (EFR, AT5G20480) lead to association with BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) Arabidopsis thaliana
(CYP71B15, PAD3, AT3G26830) expression is induced upon Arabidopsis perception of aphid-derived elicitors Arabidopsis thaliana
silencing of (ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) in N. attenuata leads to attenuated JA-Ile levels Nicotiana attenuata
small RNAs are involved in effector-triggered immunity (ETI) signaling
some microorganisms overcome pathogen-associated molecular patterns-triggered immunity (PTI)
(ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) protein interacts with SUPPRESSOR OF rps4-RLD1 (SRFR1, SRFR3, AT4G37460) Arabidopsis thaliana
callose is deposited in response to pathogen invasion
autoimmune phenotype of (ANP2, MAPKKK2, NP2, AT1G54960) (ANP3, AtANP3, MAPKKK12, NP3, AT3G06030) is dependent on (ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) Arabidopsis thaliana
plants have evolved resistance proteins to sense disruption of the (ANP2, MAPKKK2, NP2, AT1G54960) /ANP3-MKK6-MPK4 cascade Arabidopsis thaliana
DNA methylation regulates plant biotic interactions
gain-of-function mutation in Suppressor of npr1-1 Constitutive 1 (BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) leads to more stabilized Suppressor of npr1-1 Constitutive 1 (BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) Arabidopsis thaliana
pi4kβ1,2 displays enhanced immunity to Ha Noco2 Arabidopsis thaliana
(PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) is negative regulator of plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATVLN3, VLN3, AT3G57410) is (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) /6 substrate Arabidopsis thaliana
spontaneous immune responses are activated by BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) and SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-1 (EVR, SOBIR1, AT2G31880)
(BIR1, AT5G48380) suppresses plant defense responses upon infection by bacteria
microbes attracted into plant microbiota can mitigate disease through stimulation of plant immune responses
rapid reverse genetic screen was conducted to identify NLRs that recognize Arabidopsis RIN4-targeting effectors Nicotiana benthamiana
effector proteins interfere with host's immune response
NbAPX3-1-mediated plant resistance relies on ROS scavenge function Nicotiana benthamiana
inhibition of chloroplast-mediated H2O2 accumulation suppresses wheat immune response Triticum aestivum
3- to 10-kD GPA saliva fraction generates induced resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtMORC1, CRT1, MORC1, AT4G36290) and (AtMORC2, CRH1, MORC2, AT4G36280) are required in multiple layers of plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
silencing of MORCs enhances effector-triggered immunity (ETI) Hordeum vulgare
(EDS5, SCORD3, SID1, AT4G39030) protein mediates basal immunity
(ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) (ATPAD4, PAD4, AT3G52430) and senescence-associated protein101 (SAG101, AT5G14930) functions in pathogen resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
(ANQ1, ATMKK6, MKK6, SUMM4, AT5G56580) mutants suppress autoimmune phenotypes of (ATMEK1, MEK1, MKK1, NMAPKK, AT4G26070) /2 Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATMEK4, ATMKK4, MKK4, AT1G51660) (ATMAP2K_ALPHA, ATMEK5, ATMKK5, MAP2K_A, MEK5, MKK5, AT3G21220) have diverse roles in plant defense Arabidopsis thaliana
heritable epigenetic modifications contribute to defense priming
phospho-mimic (SHOU4L, AT1G16860) variants do not restore biotic stress resistance to (SHOU4, AT1G78880) (SHOU4L, AT1G16860) double mutant
executor (E) genes induce plant cell death
Avr recognition is involved in nonhost resistance
recognition of Avr3D1 by some wheat lines triggers quantitative resistance
suppression of intron retention occurs at (UBP25, AT3G14400) Arabidopsis thaliana
Required for Mla12 Resistance 1 (ATRAR1, PBS2, RAR1, RPR2, AT5G51700) is positive regulator of plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
subset of Arabidopsis TLPs regulate plant immunity by modulating PI4Kβ protein levels Arabidopsis thaliana
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) trigger phosphorylation of (PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) Arabidopsis thaliana
(PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) mutant plants displayed significantly less bacterial growth compared with Col-0 Arabidopsis thaliana
pattern-triggered plant immunity (PTI) are interconnected with and share common signaling components with effector-triggered plant immunity (ETI)
Phytophthora strain JH19 infection was increased in WT Rpi-blb2 plants when silencing EDK1 or NRC4 Nicotiana benthamiana
inhibition of Rubisco enzyme activity prevents Rubisco from serving its normal function of adjusting HR disease resistance Triticum aestivum
BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) is required for full immunity to bacterial, fungal, oomycete, and viral pathogens Arabidopsis thaliana
pathogen-associated molecular patterns-triggered immunity (PTI) is sufficient to stop colonization by many microbes
loss of (PAT1, AT5G48150) leads to activation of SUMM2-dependent defense responses Arabidopsis thaliana
cabbage aphid triggers expression of (CYP71B15, PAD3, AT3G26830) Arabidopsis thaliana
ARABIDOPSIS TOXICOS EN LEVADURA31 (ATL31, CNI1, AT5G27420) promotes papilla formation through its association with SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS121 (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) Arabidopsis thaliana
MORC proteins can act negatively or positively dependent on the species Hordeum vulgare; Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATMEK1, MEK1, MKK1, NMAPKK, AT4G26070) (ATMKK2, MK1, MKK2, AT4G29810) mutant autoimmune phenotypes are dependent on (MAPKKK9, MEKK2, SUMM1, AT4G08480) Arabidopsis thaliana
plants perceive conserved molecules (microbe-associated molecular patterns and pathogen-associated molecular patterns)
activities of the two MAPKs were not impaired in BAK1-silenced plants Nicotiana attenuata
small RNAs are involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling
up-regulated defense and immune system-related genes in BiP-overexpressing lines include lignan Glycine max
up-regulated defense and immune system-related genes in BiP-overexpressing lines include syringolide-induced protein Glycine max
ARABIDOPSIS TOXICOS EN LEVADURA31 (ATL31, CNI1, AT5G27420) positively regulates defense response against bacterial pathogens Arabidopsis thaliana
silencing of MORCs enhances basal resistance to necrotrophic Fusarium spp. Hordeum vulgare
(ATEXO70H1, EXO70H1, AT3G55150) and (ATEXO70B2, EXO70B2, AT1G07000) facilitate defense papilla buildup Arabidopsis thaliana
(ANP2, MAPKKK2, NP2, AT1G54960) /ANP3-MKK6-MPK4 cascade plays a critical role in regulating defense responses independent of (SUMM2, AT1G12280) Arabidopsis thaliana
(ARAKIN, ATMEKK1, MAPKKK8, MEKK1, AT4G08500) mutant phenotypes are completely dependent on (SUMM2, AT1G12280) Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) is critical positive regulator of TIR-NB-LRR protein-mediated resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
activation of (ATMPK4, MAPK4, MPK4, AT4G01370) through the (ANP2, MAPKKK2, NP2, AT1G54960) /ANP3-MKK6- cascade is likely required for regulation of immunity mediated by TIR-NB-LRR proteins Arabidopsis thaliana
NRP-mediated signaling pathway is induced during establishment of nonhost resistance Glycine max
Barley 'Sultan5' contains functional MLA12 gene Hordeum vulgare
Arabidopsis morc1-2 morc2-1 mutant was transformed with (AtMORC1, CRT1, MORC1, AT4G36290) Arabidopsis thaliana
(ANP1, MAPKKK1, NP1, AT1G09000) (ANP2, MAPKKK2, NP2, AT1G54960) and (ANP3, AtANP3, MAPKKK12, NP3, AT3G06030) orchestrate reactive oxygen species accumulation and signaling Arabidopsis thaliana
MEKK1-MKK1/MKK2-MPK4 cascade functions independently from ANPs-MKK6-MPK4 cascade Arabidopsis thaliana
salicylic acid (SA)-induced protein kinase and wound-induced protein kinase are required for accumulation of JA-Ile Nicotiana attenuata
(MIR398B, AT5G14545) seems to negatively regulate pathogen-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) responses against bacterial pathogens Arabidopsis thaliana
perturbation of the vacuolar trafficking machinery affects responses to pathogens
wall-associated kinase family are responsible for constitutive activation of pathogen-related defense responses
Mutations in PRRs compromise overall resistance to pathogens
obligate biotrophic pathogens might be effectively contained during ETI (effector-triggered immunity)
(ATCNGC12, CNGC12, AT2G46450) null mutant exhibits alterations in defense responses Arabidopsis thaliana
ion flux changes are early events upon pathogen recognition
(ATCNGC2, CNGC2, DND1, AT5G15410) mutants exhibit enhanced resistance against necrotrophic pathogen B. cinerea Arabidopsis thaliana
cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activate immunity
TALE recognition of executor R genes triggers resistance to Xanthomonas in rice, pepper, and tomato Oryza sativa; Capsicum annuum; Solanum lycopersicum
MAPK activation and ROS production have been shown to be two independent signaling events in plant immunity
salicylic acid (SA) is key component in orchestration of immune response events
chloroplasts are involved in plant immune responses plants
resistance of plants to invading pathogens involves production of pathogenesis-related proteins
phenylalanine treatment causes induction of regulatory genes associated with defense response Chrysanthemum
barley MORC members negatively affect basal resistance Hordeum vulgare
(AtMORC6, DMS11, MORC6, AT1G19100) knockout mutation compromises resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
(ANP1, MAPKKK1, NP1, AT1G09000) (ANP2, MAPKKK2, NP2, AT1G54960) and (ANP3, AtANP3, MAPKKK12, NP3, AT3G06030) are required for elicitor-induced oxidative burst Arabidopsis thaliana
ROS burst triggered by the GPA-derived 3- to 10-kD fraction has longer duration compared with ROS burst triggered by flg22 Arabidopsis thaliana
O-methyltransferases have been implicated in disease resistance in plants Glycine max
PR genes are readouts of hypersensitive response (HR) Glycine max
(AtMORC1, CRT1, MORC1, AT4G36290) is required for full resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato carrying AvrRpt2 Arabidopsis thaliana
barley MORCs are involved in plant immunity Hordeum vulgare
(ANQ1, ATMKK6, MKK6, SUMM4, AT5G56580) plays important roles in plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) is required for induction of immune genes Arabidopsis thaliana
induction of resistance to B. cinerea requires (CYP71B15, PAD3, AT3G26830) Arabidopsis thaliana
hypersensitive response inhibits diffusion of invading pathogen
RNAi-mediated gene silencing of MORC members changes resistance of barley to powdery mildew Hordeum vulgare
(ATICS1, EDS16, ICS1, SID2, AT1G74710) protein mediates basal immunity
(ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) and (ATPAD4, PAD4, AT3G52430) proteins are required for pathogen resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
(ANP2, MAPKKK2, NP2, AT1G54960) (ANP3, AtANP3, MAPKKK12, NP3, AT3G06030) play important roles in plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
GPA has about 50 candidate effectors Arabidopsis thaliana
(BIP, BIP2, AT5G42020) (binding immunoglobulin protein) participates in plant immunity Glycine max
SA-responsive gene induction is less pronounced in antisense line Nicotiana tabacum
barley MORC members negatively affect effector-triggered immunity (ETI) Hordeum vulgare
anp2-2 anp3-3 double mutant shows increased growth of Pto DC3000 hrcC − Arabidopsis thaliana
components of the (ANP2, MAPKKK2, NP2, AT1G54960) /ANP3-MKK6-MPK4 cascade are likely targeted by certain pathogens Arabidopsis thaliana
Overexpression of Arabidopsis (EFR, AT5G20480) in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato confers broad-spectrum resistance to multiple bacterial pathogens Nicotiana benthamiana; Solanum lycopersicum
wheat Stb6 WAK and accessory RLKs activate defense Triticum aestivum
debranched laminarin similar results obtained after addition to barley leaf discs Hordeum vulgare
(GBP, GluTRBP, PGR7, AT3G21200) contains carbohydrate-binding site Glycine max
(FRK1, FRK7, AT5G51830) is MAPK-activated gene Arabidopsis thaliana
small RNAs act as key fine-tuning regulators
systemic activation of defense responses leads to systemic acquired resistance
silencing of (ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) in N. attenuata leads to attenuated JA levels Nicotiana attenuata
plants are likely to perceive insect elicitors
wild-type and 35S::BiP4 lines show no differences in jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation Glycine max
HvMORC1 protein interaction properties provides a good explanation for contrasting function of barley and Arabidopsis (AtMORC1, CRT1, MORC1, AT4G36290) homologs in plant immunity Hordeum vulgare; Arabidopsis thaliana
RNAi-mediated gene silencing of MORC members changes resistance of barley to root rot caused by Fusarium graminearum Hordeum vulgare
(ATICS1, EDS16, ICS1, SID2, AT1G74710) protein mediates pathogen-associated molecular patterns-triggered immunity (PTI)
serotonin can induce expression of defense genes higher plants
loss of function of (ATMPK4, MAPK4, MPK4, AT4G01370) likely results in activation of immunity mediated by as-yet-unknown resistance proteins Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis can generate induced resistance to GPA Arabidopsis thaliana
GPA effector that suppress PTI is identified Arabidopsis thaliana
(AUR3, BRU6, GH3-2, GH3.2, YDK1, AT4G37390) gene contributes to broad-spectrum resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens Oryza sativa
loss of function of (ANQ1, ATMKK6, MKK6, SUMM4, AT5G56580) likely results in activation of immunity mediated by as-yet-unknown resistance proteins Arabidopsis thaliana
(FRK1, FRK7, AT5G51830) expression upon flg22 treatment is not reduced in (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) Arabidopsis thaliana
HR molecular markers include (AtCAPE9, ATPR1, PR 1, PR1, AT2G14610) Glycine max
pathogen-associated molecular patterns-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) are associated with activation of various defense responses
two GmEDS1 isoforms and one GmPAD4 protein are required for bacterial resistance derived from (AtSWEET13, RPG2, SWEET13, AT5G50800) locus Glycine max
nonhost resistance is immunity against nonadapted pathogen species
elf18 binds to EF-TU RECEPTOR (EFR, AT5G20480) Arabidopsis thaliana
BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) is positive regulator of innate immune responses triggered by PLANT ELICITOR PEPTIDE1 RECEPTOR1 (ATPEPR1, PEPR1, AT1G73080) and (AtPEPR2, PEPR2, AT1G17750) Arabidopsis thaliana
cabbage aphid triggers ROS burst Arabidopsis thaliana
multiple aphids induce (CYP71B15, PAD3, AT3G26830) expression Arabidopsis thaliana
systemic screen by comparing miRNA abundance was performed to obtain microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in rice immunity against blast fungus Oryza sativa; Magnaporthe oryzae
NRP-mediated cell death signaling components display similar induction kinetics to SA-responsive PR genes Glycine max
larger than 10-kD fraction does not induce ROS burst Arabidopsis thaliana
BAK1-dependent ROS burst triggered by Phytophthora infestans elicitin INF1 is much longer than ROS burst triggered by flg22 Nicotiana benthamiana
race-specific resistance contributes to postinvasive resistance Oryza sativa
HR molecular markers include (PR-5, PR5, AT1G75040) Glycine max
pathogenic microbes and pests drives evolution of complex defense system
(ATMEK1, MEK1, MKK1, NMAPKK, AT4G26070) (ATMKK2, MK1, MKK2, AT4G29810) mutant exhibits autoimmune phenotype Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATMPK4, MAPK4, MPK4, AT4G01370) mutant exhibits autoimmune phenotype Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis mutants in (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) are more susceptible to GPA Arabidopsis thaliana
functions of (FOC, MIR160, MIR160A, AT2G39175) seem to be conserved with diversification in plant innate immunity between monocots and dicots Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
up-regulated genes in BiP-overexpressing lines include defense and immune system-related genes Glycine max
altering expression of barley and Arabidopsis MORC homologs resulted in opposite effects on plant immunity Hordeum vulgare; Arabidopsis thaliana
JA-Ile is important for mediating plant immunity to insects Nicotiana attenuata
aphids that use brassicas as hosts are likely to possess specific effectors Arabidopsis thaliana
(BIP, BIP2, AT5G42020) overexpression positively modulates PR genes induction Glycine max
SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS121 (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) is essential for resistance to penetration by powdery mildew fungus Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATL31, CNI1, AT5G27420) overexpressors enhanced resistance to penetration by powdery mildew fungus Arabidopsis thaliana
CalS12 knockout mutants lack pathogen-induced callose deposits Arabidopsis thaliana
activation of PTI defenses can effectively restrict adapted pathogen
(ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) mutant exhibits enhanced disease susceptibility Arabidopsis thaliana
cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) are components in plant immunity
plants have evolved numerous intracellular immune receptors
several resistance QTLs encode transporters or enzymes to produce metabolism components
active (AtCERK1, AtLYK1, CERK1, LYK1, LYSM RLK1, AT3G21630) homodimer complex initiates chitin-induced immune responses Arabidopsis thaliana
CEBiP-OsCERK1 plasma membrane receptor complex triggers immunity Oryza sativa
laminarihexaose treatment resulted in no detectable MAPK activation Arabidopsis thaliana
secretion of a Chlorella-derived isomeric molecule mediates molecular mechanism of plant innate immunity triggered by interaction between aquatic microalga Chlorella and the land plant Arabidopsis Chlorella fusca; Arabidopsis thaliana
WRKY group III genes includes (ATWRKY54, WRKY54, AT2G40750) Arabidopsis thaliana
ethylene is hormone involved in defense response
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induce PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI)
camalexin is involved in plant defense to aphids Arabidopsis thaliana
effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is usually concomitant with hypersensitive response
overexpression of AtPMEI-1 or AtPMEI-2 inhibitors in Arabidopsis reduces plant susceptibility to fungal and bacterial necrotrophs Arabidopsis thaliana
involvement of epigenetic regulation in reported ISR what is plant-microbe interactions
Slferl mutants were more sensitive to Botrytis cinerea Solanum lycopersicum
loss of (AtSR45, RNPS1, SR45, AT1G16610) increases plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
plant NLRs are interconnected in NLR pairs or networks
UPR pathway is an axis in host defenses Arabidopsis thaliana
ankyrin repeat-containing proteins play important roles in plant–pathogen interaction
(ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) is one of key components for the Toll-like/interleukin 1 receptor (AtTN10, TIR, TN10, AT1G72930) -nucleotide-binding (NB)-leucine rich repeat (LRR)-type R gene-mediated resistance pathway Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATCNGC11, CNGC11, AT2G46440) T-DNA insertion line displays similar degree of loss of resistance to avirulent pathogen infection Arabidopsis thaliana
OsSPL14 / IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE 1 (IPA1) promotes resistance against blast disease Oryza sativa
recognition of microbial effectors by intracellular immune receptors triggers rapid, robust defense response or ETI
wheel-like pentamer resistosome complex is associated with the cell membrane via funnel structure formed by the CC domain oligomer
(AtWAK1, PRO25, WAK1, AT1G21250) activates defense in Arabidopsis and tobacco Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum
first R gene Hm1 from maize was cloned from maize Zea mays
three models have been proposed based on R-Avr interactions
laminarin treatment triggered increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations Nicotiana benthamiana
assembly of long β-1,3-glucans into triple helix may play a similar role in activation of plant immunity
other three blackleg R genes within the (RLM3, TN16, AT4G16990) /4/7/9 cluster are co-located on chromosome A07 Brassica napus
pectin is involved in plant defense against pathogens
(ATMYB30, MYB30, AT3G28910) links plant immune response Arabidopsis thaliana
BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) is required for reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts Arabidopsis thaliana
larger than 10-kD fraction triggers induced resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
ROS burst triggered by the GPA-derived 3- to 10-kD fraction starts more than an hour after addition of the extract Arabidopsis thaliana
ethylene is important for mediating plant immunity to insects Nicotiana attenuata
aphids are likely to suppress innate immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
pathogenesis-related genes include (AtPR4, HEL, PR-4, PR4, AT3G04720) Nicotiana tabacum
BiP-mediated regulation of SA-responsive gene induction is consistent with finding that (BIP, BIP2, AT5G42020) stimulates SA signaling activation Nicotiana tabacum
barley MORCs are involved in plant immunity Hordeum vulgare
(ATEXO70B1, EXO70B1, AT5G58430) functions in immune responses Arabidopsis thaliana
signal transduction pathways in plant cells include callose deposition
constitutively active (ATMPK4, MAPK4, MPK4, AT4G01370) mutant protein suppresses autoimmune phenotypes of (ANP2, MAPKKK2, NP2, AT1G54960) (ANP3, AtANP3, MAPKKK12, NP3, AT3G06030) Arabidopsis thaliana
BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) is required for induced resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
innate immunity to GPA is independent of SA signaling Arabidopsis thaliana
aphid effectors that promote colonization of the plant are identified Arabidopsis thaliana
deep sequencing of small RNA libraries identified candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) that may be involved in rice immunity Oryza sativa; Magnaporthe oryzae
pathogenesis-related genes include glucanase Nicotiana tabacum
silencing of HvMORC6 compromises resistance Hordeum vulgare
HvMORC1 has poor interaction with R protein MLA12 from barley Hordeum vulgare
(ANQ1, ATMKK6, MKK6, SUMM4, AT5G56580) has a novel role in regulating plant immune signaling Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATCNGC2, CNGC2, DND1, AT5G15410) (ATCNGC4, CNGC4, DND2, HLM1, AT5G54250) (ATEIN2, CKR1, EIN2, ERA3, ORE2, ORE3, PIR2, AT5G03280) double mutants completely lost resistance to B. cinerea Arabidopsis thaliana
nucleotide-binding (NB), leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs) are deployed for pathogen perception
PTI activation undermines AvrPtoB virulence Arabidopsis thaliana
most PTI-related pathways share highly similar signaling modules
alternative splicing (AS) plays roles in microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered immunity
several laminarin batches tested in Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 did not show differences in responsiveness Arabidopsis thaliana
different immune responses of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 to laminarihexaose may be age- and/or tissue-dependent Arabidopsis thaliana
specific chemicals trigger induced resistance
cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase (CRK) family genes includes (CRK36, AT4G04490) Arabidopsis thaliana
RPA1 responds to Psa effector AvrRpm1 Psa Nicotiana tabacum
transgenic chrysanthemum plants expressing three N-methyl transferases produced higher salicylic acid levels in leaves Chrysanthemum
Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases contribute to plant immune responses
initial pathogen recognition occurs at plant plasma membrane (PM)
(ATCNGC12, CNGC12, AT2G46450) gain-of-function mutant exhibits alterations in defense responses Arabidopsis thaliana
ssi4 mutants exhibit constitutive activation of defense responses Arabidopsis thaliana
recognition of specific pathogen patterns by PRRs triggers race-specific resistance
(AtCERK1, AtLYK1, CERK1, LYK1, LYSM RLK1, AT3G21630) binding to fungal chitin leads to formation of an active homodimer complex Arabidopsis thaliana
Chlorella fusca employs activation of induced resistance in Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thaliana
(CRK6, AT4G23140) expression is significantly upregulated by >2-fold in Chlorella fusca-treated Arabidopsis leaves compared with control leaves at 12 hpi with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Arabidopsis thaliana
hypersensitive response (HR)-conferred resistance is associated with localized programmed cell death (PCD)
(ATCNGC2, CNGC2, DND1, AT5G15410) mutants exhibit enhanced resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
plants have evolved NLRs to monitor effector proteins
pathogen infection stabilizes E3 ubiquitin ligase (XBAT35, AT3G23280)
flg22-induced (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) and (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) phosphorylation was not impaired in (ARAKIN, ATMEKK1, MAPKKK8, MEKK1, AT4G08500) mutant plants Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana contains 75 Lectin RLKs (LecRKs) Arabidopsis thaliana
interfamily transfer of PTI-triggering genes confers broad-spectrum resistance (BSR)
STV11 encodes sulfotransferase Oryza sativa
lipopolysaccharides act as induced resistance-eliciting agents
effector-mediated strategy is counteracted by effector-triggered immunity (ETI)
WAKL proteins may have later evolved into more specialised role in detection of proteinaceous ligands
salicylic acid is hormone involved in defense response
ROS activates multiple defense responses
CC R-NB-LRR proteins such as NRG1 can regulate various downstream immune responses
(ATIMPALPHA3, IMPA-3, MOS6, AT4G02150) /IMP-α3 plays a predominant role in snc1-mediated autoimmunity and basal disease resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is often thought of as weak defense response
narrower isolate-specific or strain-specific resistance is also known as gene-for-gene resistance
effector proteins subvert plant immune responses
AVR–Pia from Magnaporthe oryzae is recognized by binding to integrated HMA domains in NLRs Oryza sativa
direct effector recognition by NLRs is receptor ligand model
induction of plant TIR-encoding genes in PTI potentially generates small molecules which signal via (ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) dimers Arabidopsis thaliana
plant immune systems display complex architecture with genetic redundancy
NLRs with new bespoke recognition specificities provides resources for crop disease resistance
host-derived DAMPs trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) production
plant microbiota is determined by host immune responses
proteins targeted by pathogen effectors associate with cytoplasmic immune receptors
(BIK1, AT2G39660) is important component in plant immunity
pathogen manipulation of host cells suppresses defense responses
ESCRT-I subunit (VPS28-2, AT4G05000) have been shown to regulate function of flagellin sensing 2 (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580)
Pst harboring AvrPtoB S335D essentially impaired its ability to suppress PTI and (AtCAPE9, ATPR1, PR 1, PR1, AT2G14610) expression Arabidopsis thaliana
complete resistance (qualitative resistance) is controlled by resistance genes (R)
plant genomes encode hundreds of NLR receptors
some QTLs encode atypical NLR receptor proteins
XA21 isolated from wild rice Oryza longistaminata Oryza longistaminata
direct interaction model is one of three proposed models of R-Avr interactions
nematode RALF-likes modulate nematode parasitism-related immune responses Arabidopsis thaliana
Psa effectors have been rarely characterized host responses to AvrRpm1 effectors from pathovars other than (AHA1, HA1, OST2, PMA, AT2G18960)
race-specific resistance (R) genes has significantly expanded since cloning of the first R gene in 1992
Cochliobolus victoriae enhances host susceptibility by interfering with Trxh5-dependent resistance pathway
processes at biochemical, ultrastructural and gene expression levels analyzed in cell death zone and surrounding tissue
phenylalanine-derived phenylpropanoids have known anti-fungal activity
Pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) are recognized by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs)
(ATCNGC4, CNGC4, DND2, HLM1, AT5G54250) is involved in plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
transcriptional repression of (ATCNGC2, CNGC2, DND1, AT5G15410) is achieved by Topless-related 1 (TPR1) Arabidopsis thaliana
hypersensitive response (HR) cell death restricts pathogen growth and propagation
atypical NLR receptor proteins play roles in delaying disease onset