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plant evolution

14013 relationships annotated with this phrase. Showing first 500 of 14013.
Source entity Relationship Target entity Species
development of vascular systems in tracheophytes led to more complex silicification patterns
lycopsids have archaic mitochondrial genome structure
climbing mechanisms represent different evolutionary solutions to the same problem
first C4 plants appeared approximately 30 million years ago
expansion in GH gene counts was not even among families
early ecological interactions with fungi and bacteria profoundly influenced evolution of plants
hard pollinia probably appeared in MRCA of Sobralieae + remainder of Epidendroideae Orchidaceae
Type I is found across all tracheophyte lineages from lycophytes to monocots and eudicots
unique inflorescences contributes to evolutionary success of Asteraceae
zygote retention is prerequisite for the development of the alternation of generations
dicotyledony is proposed to be ancestral to monocotyledony
others have argued against homology of eudicot and monocot cotyledons
Benton et al. explained enormous diversity of plant species
convergent evolution is common phenomenon in plant evolution
concentration of adhesive root species in wettest areas may not be a consequence of independent events of the evolution of that mechanism
streptophyte algae show stepwise increase in the fraction of the genome occupied by GH genes
GH17 experienced more intense rates of gene accumulation
transition to land is proposed critical event for evolution of the embryoplast
evolution of PCW and pathogen response has been significant factor driving GH diversification
lycopsids appeared as early as Late Silurian
early unicellular streptophytes ultimately gave rise to land plants
auxin efflux transporters evolved before origin of land plants
eco-evolutionary success of climbers requires climbing mechanisms
associations between plant traits and environmental conditions can provide insight into evolution of plant traits
angiosperm diversification is key plant evolutionary event
HGT played crucial role in shaping the extraordinary evolutionary trajectory of plants
terrestrialization drove emergence of new tissues and regulatory circuits
OPDA/dn-OPDA biosynthesis origin predates land plant colonization
environmental selection on genome size is likely to play role in influencing evolutionary trajectory of plants
selfing syndrome is example of parallel evolution
polyploidy drives plant evolution
10 GH families acquired in early viridiplants were vertically inherited in land plants
starch compartmentalization in chloroplasts is key plant evolutionary event
others suggest that splitting or duplication of an ancestral single cotyledon generated dicotyledony
Type III emerges exclusively in eudicots, particularly within superrosids and superasterids
bryophytes have thalloid bodies
genetic components of auxin signaling pathway further expanded in number and response complexity in parallel to evolution of diversity and complexity
(ATCRY1, BLU1, CRY1, HY4, OOP2, AT4G08920) and (AT-PHH1, ATCRY2, CRY2, FHA, PHH1, AT1G04400) subfamilies may have come from large-scale whole-genome duplication events
major evolutionary transitions were accompanied by significant changes in the GH repertoire
acquisition of plastids is key plant evolutionary event
ontogeny and homology of the grass cotyledon is particularly unresolved
GH152 experienced more intense rates of gene accumulation
Type III may have evolved independently in each group or with common ancestry in entire eudicots
Lycopodiella alopecuroides is most promising candidate among extant plants to investigate basal condition of phytolith distribution and function in tracheophytes Lycopodiella alopecuroides
GHs play a role in plant adaptation
Physcomitrium patens stands in important position for illuminating evolutionary development of green plants Physcomitrium patens
plant flammability could be a secondary outcome of selection for other functional traits, which increased individual fitness and coincidentally changed the flammability
endosymbiotic gene transfer could serve as significant origin of GH genes in eukaryotes and archaeplastidians
Physcomitrium patens is separated from Arabidopsis thaliana Physcomitrium patens; Arabidopsis thaliana
new Solanaceae fossils provide insight into evolution of the nightshade family
subset of 10 GH families acquired in early viridiplants seem to be independently lost in several lineages
Marchantia polymorpha is positioned in most basal lineage of the embryophytes Marchantia polymorpha
mycorrhizal symbioses played a key role in evolution of plant adaptation to drought
AHA family (H + -ATPases) is enlarged from 2 genes in Physcomitrella patens to 11 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana Physcomitrella patens; Arabidopsis thaliana
mosaic expression of regulatory modules controlling secondary growth occurs among early tracheophytes
GH1 experienced more intense rates of gene accumulation
understanding how temperature-induced pollen limitation will influence natural selection is important to predict the effects of global warming on plant evolution
phylogenetic studies of monocotyledons using nucleotide sequences of genes resolved same group as a monophyletic clade
morphologically conserved representatives of Lycopodiaceae still maintain presence in wetland ecosystems into modern day
JA-Ile biosynthesis emerged within lycophytes
basal angiosperms diverged earlier from lineage leading to eudicots and monocots
fern guard cell regulatory mechanisms shed light on how these have evolved over the past 500 million years of plant life on land
true (AtTRS130, CLUB, TRAPPC10, TRS130, AT5G54440) mosses of basal-most lycopodiopsid family Lycopodiaceae first arose in Early Devonian
lateral root (LR) development occurs during evolution of root system
evolutionary transition from woody to herbaceous plant forms is considered one of the key innovations of angiosperms
horizontal gene transfer is likely the origin of GH families that green plants acquired throughout their evolution
gene duplication is a cause of expansion and functional diversification of transcription factor families
development of vascular systems in tracheophytes led to greater phytolith deposition
17 GH families shared with nongreen archaeplastidians were likely present in the plant lineage before the origin of the viridiplants
multiple HGT events involving fungi and bacteria shaped carbohydrate hydrolysis mechanisms of land plants
origin of early land plants coincided with large degree of genetic novelty
duplication event of the EXO70 gene family in the monophyletic lineage of land plants is speculated to have resulted in three liverwort EXO70 proteins may take the ancestral positions of the three groups of EXO70 paralogs in land plants
Izu Islands offer outstanding framework for investigating patterns and mechanisms characterizing initial phases of flowering plant evolution on oceanic island
silicification reaches notable maxima in angiosperm monocot grasses
JA-Ile biosynthesis has been proposed to emerge in lycophytes
peptide signaling has made contributions to evolution of plants
Franhueberia gerriennei is Early Devonian woody tracheophyte
higher GH variability in green algae is likely due to independent HGT acquisition and gene loss
others consider eudicot and monocot cotyledons to be evolutionarily unrelated embryonic organs
cross talk between cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) evolved during land colonization of plants before the divergence of monocots and dicots
complete auxin response mechanism with multidomain proteins was evolved in land plants
selfing lineages acquire distinctive features by fixing new mutations after they become predominantly selfing
GH genes grew at a much higher rate gene duplication and fixation
findings may have important implications for understanding the environmental factors shaping plant evolution in the Neotropics
specialized functions of diverse plastid types likely emerged concomitantly with evolution of the land plants
Zygnematophyceae are sister lineage to land plants
selection for different compounds by multiple interacting organisms results in evolution of increased chemical diversity
climbing habit may be better classified as a synnovation
euphyllophytes underwent diversification
early archaeplastidians had small repertoire of GH families
flowering plants show stepwise increase in the fraction of the genome occupied by GH genes
initial development of larger bundle sheath (BS) in C3 species may be related to greater vein density of leaves in hot environments with high potential evapotranspiration C3 plants
phytochemical diversity is result of adaptive processes
leaves and cotyledons have homology supported by position in the body plan, proximity to the SAM, similar morphology and growth patterns, and existence of intermediate leaf-cotyledon morphologies
this study investigated evolution of guard cell signalling pathways
Lycophyta dominated terrestrial flora for much of Paleozoic
Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution was due to plant innovations in ecophysiology and interactions with animals
auxin-induced transcriptional signalling evolved in ancestral land plant
C4 photosynthesis is key innovation in land plant evolution
10 GH families were likely acquired in early viridiplants
root system development led to land plant diversification
selfing syndrome can be constructed from genetic variation present within the ancestral outcrossing population
connection between CC-type GRXs and redox-reactions in flower development and plant development might have existed in common ancestor of monocots and eudicots
PIN genes exist in streptophytes
expansion of transporter gene families likely reflects increasing need to adapt to new environmental niches
whole-genome duplication (WGD) has been suggested to explain incredible radiation experienced by flowering plants in the early Cretaceous
other studies found magnoliids to be sister to all eudicots, including magnoliids
bryophytes are three of four main living clades of land plants, along with tracheophytes
observed decrease in plant fitness and changes in selection indicate that temperature-mediated plasticity could alter plant evolutionary trajectories
Physcomitrium patens belongs to early lineage of land plants that diverged before development of vasculature Physcomitrium patens
monocots and eudicots divergence represents major event in higher plant evolution
CC-type GRX class expanded in size during land plant evolution
expansion of CC-type GRX class size may have facilitated establishment of redundant GRX activities
gene and genome duplications combined with protein retargeting have potential to generate variability and adaptations
compartmentation of metabolism enables adaptation to terrestrial environment
CPYC and CGFS classes remained relatively constant in number during plant evolution Physcomitrella patens; Pinus taeda; Oryza sativa; Populus trichocarpa; Arabidopsis thaliana
ancestral gene clusters predate monocot-eudicot divergence
(AtEMF2, CYR1, EMF2, VEF2, AT5G51230) may have played a major role in plant survival and the evolution of phenological variability Arabidopsis thaliana
evolution of seeds has commandeered existing cellular structures
(AtEMF2, CYR1, EMF2, VEF2, AT5G51230) is conserved in Dicots and early-diverging monocots
P. patens has intermediate evolutionary position between algae and vascular plants Physcomitrella patens
(CLF, ICU1, SDG1, SET1, AT2G23380) and (EZA1, SDG10, SWN, AT4G02020) lineages duplication separating prior to divergence of grasses and broad leaf species
many angiosperms have undergone one or more polyploidization events
evolutionary developments posed significant challenges to plant's structural viability
EXO70 paralogs likely emerged during land colonization
CC-type GRXs may have function in evolution of land plants that form organs of higher complexity Physcomitrella patens; Pinus taeda; Oryza sativa; Populus trichocarpa; Arabidopsis thaliana
aquatic algal ancestors are ancestral to earliest land plants
Poaceae family exhibits especially dynamic history of varied selection pressures
CslM lineage forms reciprocally monophyletic eudicot-monocot grouping with the CslJ clade
plants have been categorized into two phylogenetically distinct groups
vegetative desiccation tolerance (VDT) re-evolved independently in monocot and eudicot plant families
PHPs evolved from AHPs
Amborella trichopoda AmHAM1 and AmHAM2 proteins are sister to all other type-I and type-II HAM members, respectively Amborella trichopoda
fossilized plant remains allow estimation of timeline of evolutionary events
Lycophyta contains many of earliest known land plant fossils
timing of base composition shifts suggests that major plant clades are reflective of fundamental biological revolutions
12 GH families possibly emerged associated with evolution of early terrestrial streptophytes
GH gene families exclusive to viridiplants in an EGT scenario suggest the necessity of subsequent independent gene losses in red algae and glaucophytes
detailed analysis of the phylogeny of Mp myosin XI will be valuable to identify conserved and specialized functions of myosin XI throughout plant evolution Marchantia polymorpha
comprehensive phylogeny of the land plant HAM family uncovers conservation and diversification of the ancestral (MIR170, AT5G66045) /171 binding site
different H2O2 responses to pathogen infection might have evolved during diversification of plants
plants had to evolve alternative means of metabolic coupling and organellar interaction hubs
Class III homeodomain leucine zipper genes predate evolution of vascular plants
glucomannan has clear taxonomic or functional distinctions
PHPs did not arise until evolution of certain gymnosperms Picea abies
divergence time of Euscaphis japonica from other malvid species was 108 million years ago Euscaphis japonica
DT and ET populations reached their pinnacle 30000–10000 and 80000–30000 years ago respectively Euscaphis japonica
genome redundancy and intergenomic interactions offer evolutionary flexibility
land plants are derived from green algal ancestors
ratio of (1,4)-β-D-glucosyl residues to (1,3)-β-D-glucosyl residues influences adoption of (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucans by different plant species during evolution
HAM gene family emergence likely predates divergence of bryophytes from other plant lineages
HAM homologs from lycophytes form two groups: one is sister to other vascular plants
duplicate genes are prevalent in plant species
RNA-directed DNA methylation has ancient origin in early land plants
monocot and eudicot PHPs form independent clades that likely share independent evolutionary origins
fucogalactoxyloglucan has clear taxonomic or functional distinctions
rhamnogalacturonan-I (RGI) appears to be most predominant in vascular plants
vegetative desiccation tolerance (VDT) is believed to have been ancestral state in early diverging plants
acquisition of xyloglucan might be pre-adaptive advantage that enabled colonization of land
galactomannan has clear taxonomic or functional distinctions
diversification of At myosin XI isoforms during plant evolution has led to development of specific physiological and molecular functions Arabidopsis thaliana
C4 plants consist of approximately 7500 species
Two major (CDC73, PHP, AT3G22590) clades found in dicots and monocots
organ-specific and development-specific functions were necessitated by emergence of terrestrial plants Arabidopsis thaliana
Eutremeae tribe is sister tribe to Thlaspideae
duplicate genomes are prevalent in plant species
Phylogenetic grades of taxa imply long independent evolutionary histories
purifying selection on core gene set conserves arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis
polyploidization plays key role in plant evolution and diversification
whole-genome duplication has major role in evolution
study of evolutionary dynamics of duplicate genes has been a focus of study in plant evolutionary genetics
Caryophyllales contains carnivorous plant lineage Caryophyllales
RK families have undergone remarkable expansion in gene number since plants started their conquest of land
parasitic or mutualistic relationships have helped plant adaptation to terrestrial ecosystems
PPR (pentatricopeptide repeat) protein family has greatly expanded during evolution of flowering plants
phylogenetic analysis of 105 plant genomes revealed clear partitioning between monocots and dicots
RLKs may originate in charophytes
evolutionary origin of HAM family coincides with origin of meristems
moss Physcomitrella patens is representative for the tree of plant life Physcomitrella patens
CSR clade has expanded in Solanaceae family
genetic evidence supports evolution of desiccation-tolerance (DT) in resurrection plants
EAR motifs in (JAZ5, TIFY11A, AT1G17380) (JAZ6, TIFY11B, AT1G72450) evolved in vascular plants vascular plants
NIP7;1 proteins are found only in dicot species
RLKs may originate in common ancestor of glaucophytes and Viridiplantae
increasingly colder and arid climate following mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum promoted speciation and lineage diversification
perennial Arabis alpina and annual Arabis montbretiana have been established as model system to study the perennial–annual transition Arabis alpina; Arabis montbretiana
variation in cell wall composition is likely generated during evolution of plant groups
KNOX gene function diverged during evolution of diploid body plans
three NPR clades (clade I, clade II, and clade III) are retained in most angiosperm species
(TOD1, AT5G46220) genes diverged during evolution of angiosperms and gymnosperms
nucleotide binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene family originated emergence of green plants on this planet one billion years ago
bryophytes diversified into three extant phyla: Marchantiophyta, Bryophyta, and Anthocerotophyta
multicellularization is key transition during plant evolution
horizontal gene transfer (HGT) contributes to environmental sensing
Brassica juncea contains conserved genomes from both of its diploid parents Brassica juncea
ancestral homeodomain genes predate divergence of mosses and flowering plants
ancient hybridization in rosids may explain unstable phylogenetic position within rosids Euscaphis japonica
understanding of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) emission in the total phytobiome context is necessary to understand evolutionary consequences of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) emission by plants
NLR genes evolution is under background of ecological adaption
WGD might have helped Euscaphis japonica to survive high-temperature period Euscaphis japonica
gene trees containing at least one paralogous pair from synteny regions from one of five Laurales genomes placed WGD of C. praecox and WGDs of C. salicifolius, C. kanehirae, P. americana, and L. cubeba on Laurales stem branch Chimonanthus praecox; Chimonanthus salicifolius; Cinnamomum kanehirae; Persea americana; Litsea cubeba
century-long fertile life spans, limited interspecific divergence, and large effective population sizes have created significant evolutionary network deeply influenced by incomplete lineage sorting (ILS)
crop domestication is model system of plant evolution
evolution of specialized metabolism occurs in plant kingdom
early diverging land plants (mosses and ferns) contain only orthologs of clade III NPR genes
miR396 is present in gymnosperms; monocots; eudicots
incomplete lineage sorting during diversification of ancestral population may have led to unstable phylogenetic position of Euscaphis japonica Euscaphis japonica
genome doubling (polyploidy) is pervasive force in plant evolution
candidate integrated domain-containing R proteins are present in early divergent land plants
arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis predates divergence of plant lineages
Physcomitrium patens is often used to study water-to-land transitions Physcomitrium patens
ATL gene family evolved specifically in land plants
genes encoding Fe-containing proteins were acquired early in plant evolutionary history Arabidopsis thaliana
results provide strong evidence for WGD shared by all Laurales
whole-genome duplication is prevalent and recurrent in plants
diploidization has been suggested to be crucial factor in evolutionary success of angiosperms
second population expansion of DT and ET occurred after Penultimate Glaciation retreated Euscaphis japonica
gene trees containing at least one paralogous pair from synteny regions from one of five Laurales genomes confirmed additional evidence for common Laurales WGD
intron-poor and intronless sub-families initially appeared as single intron-reduced or intronless gene in the early stages of plant life
cryptic (ATMYC2, JAI1, JIN1, MYC2, RD22BP1, ZBF1, AT1G32640) interacting domain (CMID) in (AtJAZ1, JAZ1, TIFY10A, AT1G19180) evolved in angiosperms angiosperms
diverse NLR subclasses identified across Viridiplantae lineages
shrinkage and differentiation of Euscaphis japonica ancestor population may be related to temperature change during mid-Pliocene Euscaphis japonica
ancient WGD event of Laurales and WGD event of Liriodendron were relatively close but were independent WGD events after differentiation
land plants evolved into distinct lineages
Rubrum wintersweet genome provides insight into evolution of the magnoliids Chimonanthus praecox
transcriptional innovation of MtSUP could have been crucial for developmental specialization in legumes Medicago truncatula
gene duplications play roles in plant evolution
allopolyploidization is important process in plant evolution
stomatal regulation of plant carbon and water relations may have became progressively more effective as hydraulic systems evolved in seed plant lineages
plants can evolve new R proteins recognizing new effector variants
remaining Csl groups are specific to either grasses or non-grass species
gene expansion of myosin XI from chlorophytes to angiosperms suggests that functions of myosin XI have diversified throughout plant evolution
drastic modification has occurred at least once in Antirrhinum
MEK2 may be ancient MAPKK that appeared before the divergence of monocots and dicots
genomic and transcriptomic data allow for fine-grained tracing of the evolution of key plant enzyme families across the green tree of life
plant evolution is largely driven by adaptations in seed protection and dispersal strategies
one gene from both Dof clades in Marchantia polymorpha demonstrates that the two Dof clades originated early in the evolution of land plants Marchantia polymorpha
(NTL, AT1G11570) genes were not identified in Selaginella moellendorffii Selaginella moellendorffii
small RNAs show differences in function between monocots and dicots
Phylogenetic grades of taxa imply extant species diversity potentially relictual and highly derived morphologically
core hormonal signaling networks are coalesced into appearance of vascular plants during evolution
stomata are present in all extant land plant lineages except liverworts
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) symbiosis appeared approximately 450 million years ago
host-pathogen interactions occur across full spectrum of plant evolution
whole genome duplication (WGD) drives evolution of novel forms in plants
strigolactones (SLs) represent signalling molecules involved in key innovations during plant evolution
ethylene signaling may have evolved before ability to synthesize ethylene
natural variation occurs in genes involved in primary and specialized metabolism
inflorescence architecture is highly variable across plant lineages
core histone-modifying regulators co-evolved with accessory proteins
DT and ET lineages have experienced completely different demographic histories since differentiation Euscaphis japonica
monocot Oryza sativa is representative for the tree of plant life Oryza sativa
fossil record indicates most aspects of vascular plant form evolved multiple times
we could infer which subfamilies were present in the LCAs along the trajectory of streptophyte evolution
core-collection (CC) and MAGIC populations represent diversity of the cultivated tomato clade Solanum lycopersicum
Kobresia lineage split from the grasses 27 million years prior to the major grass WGD event Kobresia littledalei
polyploidy is prominent feature in plant evolution
liverworts have been studied for role of epigenetics in evolution
emergence of accessory proteins coincided with development of vascular tissues
emergence of accessory proteins coincided with origin of seed formation
horizontal gene transfer (HGT) provides alternative mechanism for gene family emergence
whole genome duplications drives genomic changes during plant evolution
Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae last common ancestor shared approximately 120 million years ago
scattered distribution of tropane alkaloids indicates tropane alkaloid biosynthesis may have been recruited multiple times throughout plant evolution
plants (Embryophyta) originated from streptophyte ancestors
complex traits arise through coordinated deployment of existing molecular machinery
evolutionary transitions relating to meiosis occurred in lineages giving rise to angiosperms
vascular system potentiated species radiation into wide range of ecological niches
Piperales, Magnoliales, and Laurales did not experience common WGD event but experienced specific WGD event after differentiation
intron gain and loss occurred often during evolution of plants, especially in land plants
genome analyses will provide insights into relationship between Darwinian selection for agronomical phenotypes and DNA changes Oryza sativa
ancient and newly evolved components were assembled before and during land plant evolution
gerbera lineage diverged from the lineage containing Solanaceae
Arabidopsis thaliana diverged from tomato Arabidopsis thaliana; Solanum lycopersicum
Papaver belongs to most basal order in the eudicots, the Ranunculales Papaver rhoeas
Arabidopsis belongs to Brassicales Arabidopsis thaliana
Cleome L. is the most closely related genus to Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana; Cleome L.
bacterial and fungal genes provide plants with novel enzymatic capabilities
stress-related genes have been shown to have contributed to terrestrial adaptation of green plants
root-associated fungal associations are widely believed to have promoted evolution of land plants
general details of eu (AP3, ATAP3, AT3G54340) /TM6-like gene function can be parsimoniously interpreted as the basal state among the asterids
(AtLHP1, LHP1, TFL2, AT5G17690) may act as linker between (CESA6, E112, IXR2, PRC1, AT5G64740) and PRC2 complexes
Actinidia genus exhibits extensive variation in ploidy Actinidia spp.
diversification of vascular and nonvascular plants is key transition during plant evolution
(RLK, AT5G67280) family was present in common ancestors of flowering plants
some ESTs may represent lineage-specific genes Solanum tuberosum
interspecific hybridization plays key role in plant evolution and diversification
significant overlap in cell-specific gene expression in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells from rice and Arabidopsis was detected despite this timescale of 140 million years Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
WAK, PLN03088, and L-LEC domains emerged during colonization of the terrestrial environments
HAM is likely to be ancient gene family in land plants
Dof gene clades 'a' and 'b' arose early in land plant evolution
phytochelatins are ancestral (plesiomorphic) characters for basal land plants
vascular plants emerged during early Silurian
plant vascular system made life on land
TRBs appear in non-seed plants
B-function has persisted across vast expanses of time
absence of group I prolamins in Brachypodium strengthens close relationships of Brachypodium with wheat, barley, and oat Brachypodium distachyon; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; Avena sativa
Middle Eastern and South African deserts are biodiverse centres for evolution of Old World desert flora
emergence of accessory proteins coincided with shifts in life cycle from gametophyte to sporophyte dominance
plant palaeogenomics has transformed the way we study plant evolution
Arabidopsis thaliana is phylogenetically closely related to Camelina gynandra Arabidopsis thaliana; Camelina gynandra
CLV was important in origin of land plant meristem functions in the gametophyte stage of the life cycle
regulatory gene homologs imply deep evolutionary origins
legumes diverged from Arabidopsis approximately 92 million years ago
close taxonomic affinity between C3 and C4 species in grass family (Poaceae) is rare because ancient origins of C4 pathway in Poaceae have led to significant divergence between C3 and C4 clades Poaceae
B-function has persisted with only few modifications
ancestral homeobox gene was already present after water-to-land transition of plants
gene regulatory network represents deep homology in plant evolution
FA is more closely related to SP and homologous non-Solanaceae proteins (TFL-1, TFL1, AT5G03840) and CEN Capsicum frutescens; Solanum lycopersicum
cytochrome c gene duplication occurred before separation of Arabidopsis and Brassica Arabidopsis thaliana; Brassica oleracea; Brassica rapa; Brassica napus
OsNMD3 and SbNMD3 clade arose before divergence of monocot and dicot phyla
land plants have charophytic ancestry
Dsi-1 VOC appears to have evolved early in plant lineage
phylogenetic relationships suggest recent duplication of ppc-1E1a in Portulaca Portulaca
duplication of CP12-1-like and CP12-2-like genes occurred after separation of monocot and dicot lineages
cross-kingdom transfers have been particularly significant with bacterial and fungal genes
Arabidopsis thaliana and Papaver rhoeas diverged 140 million years ago Arabidopsis thaliana; Papaver rhoeas
streptophyte algae comprise five classes of freshwater and terrestrial algae (Mesostigmatophyceae/Chlorokybophyceae, Klebsormidiophyceae, Charophyceae, Coleochaetophyceae, and Zygnematophyceae)
the end of the transpiration stream is the synapomorphic trait that unites the two groups as tracheophytes
climbing habit is considered a key innovation in flowering plants
time-calibrated phylogeny with 1201 species represents major lineages of flowering plants
retention of GH genes after events of WGD was favored over most genes
retention of GH genes after events of WGD resulted in progressive increase in their relative frequency among the protein-coding genes
key plant evolutionary events are associated with significant shifts in GH composition and diversity
most Cupressaceae species (AM-associated) evolved high-drought tolerance
Acoca-Pidolle et al. study characterizes evolutionary change in selfing syndrome traits
bryophytes have a monophyletic relationship between hornworts and other land plants
roots may be shoot-derived organs
euphyllophytes is vascular plant lineage
dormancy has developed independently throughout the evolution of different plant lineages from cyanophytes to spermatophytes
pectins represent one of the adaptations of early terrestrial charophytes to land settings
GH125 is exclusive to core chlorophytes
(GUX1, PGSIP1, AT3G18660) and (GUX2, PGSIP3, AT4G33330) divergence pre-dates separation of monocot and dicot lineages
several gene duplications led to six gene lineages present in grass genomes
Charales is closest higher plant relatives
receptor-like kinase (RLK, AT5G67280) group has been subjected to extensive expansion over course of plant evolution
core components of the CLV pathway first arose in last common ancestor of land plants
angular structures is suggested to be formed in parallel with linear furanocoumarins
whole-genome duplication (WGD) events contributed substantially to diversification of plant lineages
laticifers appear polyphyletic in origin
phytoliths appear in earliest-diverging land plants
(AtOPR3, DDE1, OPR3, AT2G06050) has been proposed to emerge in vascular plants
PIN genes suggest origin in Viridiplantae ancestor
chicory genome provides insight into Asteraceae evolution Cichorium intybus
bryophytes and vascular plants diverged from common ancestor
climbing habit is not better classified as a key innovation
various traits constituting the selfing syndrome evolve simultaneously or sequentially evolutionary change
GH16 experienced more intense rates of gene accumulation
CLAVATA was genetic novelty enabling the morphological innovation of 3D growth in land plants
(CLI1, RPK2, TOAD2, AT3G02130) -like sequences form clade with each land plant lineage except hornworts
Physcomitrella CLAVATA1a is ortholog of (ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) BAM Physcomitrella patens
most species that combine water-storage tissue and C4 photosynthesis are found within Chenopodiaceae, in subfamilies Suaedoideae, Salsoloideae, and Camphorosmoideae
charophytes are postulated to be direct ancestors of land plants
photoinhibition or injury effects at low temperatures in C4 plants reflect tropical evolutionary origins of C4 species
ancestral divergences occurred before angiosperm radiation
poppy capsule and cereal grain are placed in context of angiosperm phylogeny
root cap formation was a later innovation after first appearance of roots
downstream TCS components are conserved in land plants
evolutionary loss of TDIF-like CLEs occurred in mosses
root cap presumably arose after first appearance of roots
DELLA-mediated growth restraint evolved subsequent to lycophyte divergence
function of some genes involved in root hair growth likely diversified in lineage leading to tracheophytes after divergence of last common ancestor of liverworts and angiosperms
(ATVIIIA, VIIIA, AT1G50360) basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins have been conserved since early stage of land plant evolution
euphyllophytes did not have fossil evidence of roots in Early Devonian
charophytes are direct algal ancestors of land plants
enzymic pathway(s) for cell-wall lignification is important feature
orange (Citrus sinensis) were apparently derived from cross between pummelo and mandarin Citrus sinensis; Citrus maxima; Citrus reticulata
grapefruit and bitter orange are siblings of orange
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii arose from most basal lineage Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
charophyte green algae (CGA) occupy key phylogenetic position
precursor of (ATSYP131, SYP131, AT3G03800) has a more general function and can be traced back to clade of algae that gave rise to the earliest land plants
mycorrhizal symbiosis was important for colonization of land by plants
gene duplication occurred before emergence of land plants
ATL genes were found in 24 plant species (including mosses and lycopods)
monocots and eudicots diverged likely over 120 million years ago
41 green plant genomes represent key phylogenetic nodes of plant evolution
subsect. Caninae was separated from subsections Rubigineae Christ and Vestitae Christ Rosa
hybridization occurs frequently between extant species Rosa
Arabidopsis and Capsella separated ∼6.2–9.8 mya Arabidopsis thaliana; Capsella grandiflora
JA biosynthesis mediated by (ATOPR1, OPR1, AT1G76680) (ATOPR2, OPR2, AT1G76690) appeared before (AtOPR3, DDE1, OPR3, AT2G06050) emergence
auxin signaling in present-day vascular plants might have evolved from genes present in non-vascular plants and green algae
Devonian period witnessed evolutionary radiation of tracheophytes
understanding how desiccation tolerance (DT) is regulated can provide insights into land plant evolution
data from this study suggest that both the scutellum and coleoptile are leaf homologs Zea mays subsp. mays
hornwort EG16s are sister to other land plants
UGT group E is overrepresented in Fagales (Casuarina equisetifolia) Casuarina equisetifolia
(BICAT2, CMT1, AT4G13590) /3 subclade resulted from whole genome duplication in eudicots
monocots and dicots separation occurred 140-150 million years ago
(VPS26C, AT1G48550) gene appears to be absent from genomes of monocots for which genomic data are available
EG16, newly identified EG16-2 and XTH members appeared first in green algae
root branching has allowed plants to successfully colonize land
UGT group R was identified in this phylogenomic study
58 seed plants analyzed show UGT number range of 44 to 379 UGTs per genome
(ATCB5LP, B5 #5, CB5LP, AT1G60660) is present in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
(ATCB5LP, B5 #5, CB5LP, AT1G60660) is present in flowering plants
IA motif in (CDI3, OZS1, RCD3, SLAC1, AT1G12480) anion channels appeared in moss first and remained largely conserved until emergence of Arecales and Poales lineages
perenniality is linked to enhanced (AHL, ATAHL, HL, AT5G54390) expression
female germline specification occurs in deeply diverged plant lineages
polyploidy is crucial force in plant evolution
P. patens is excellent evolutionary model system Physcomitrella patens
seed evolution contributed significantly to dominance of flowering plants
bryophytes is main lineage of land plants
ancestral COI1-independent jasmonate signaling pathway may have contributed to successful land colonization
branching axes occurred in both haploid and diploid phases of life cycle in last common ancestor of extant land plants
evolution of aquatic and amphibious plants has occurred independently multiple times in land plant lineages
root caps were relatively late invention
(RGE1, ZOU, AT1G49770) /ICE partnership evolved in early land plants
dicots may have extended ancestral PLT module
evolution of aquatic and amphibious plants is likely an example of convergent or parallel evolution
phylogenetic relationships in each group are compatible with species relationships predicted from other markers
phylogenomics favors Zygnematophyceae or the Coleochaetophyceae/Zygnematophyceae clade as the sister group of land plants
monocots and dicots diverged ~140 to 150 million years ago
GEMMA CUP-ASSOCIATED (AtMYB1, MYB1, SRM1, AT3G09230) (GCAM1) is orthologous to angiosperm genes of R2R3-MYB subfamily 14 Marchantia polymorpha
sacred lotus is vital tool for understanding plant evolution
acquisition of genetic pathways that delimit root from shoot during embryogenesis played a pivotal role during land plant evolution
Marchantia polymorpha is member of early-diverging lineage among land plants Marchantia polymorpha
gametophytic meristems are distantly related to sporophytic meristems in bryophytes
roots in lycophyte clade and euphyllophyte clade originated at least twice during evolution
ancestral miRNA clusters appeared before divergence of monocot and dicot lineages
divergence of the (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) and KS activity occurred concurrently with the appearance of gibberellins
vascular system is believed to be key event in evolution of higher plants
CLV recruitment to sporophyte stem cell regulation occurred prior to origin of KNOX and WOX-regulated meristem functions
land plants have monophyletic origin
signaling components described above are largely conserved between eudicots and monocots
multiple horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events from soil bacteria to streptophyte progenitors accelerated plant terrestrialization
horizontal gene transfer (HGT) facilitated evolution of local Pi sensing circuits in embryophytes
WOX gene feature for root cap cell induction was lost after divergence of seed plants
2OGD gene expansion occurred after split from common ancestor of land plants Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; Picea abies; Selaginella moellendorffii; Physcomitrella patens; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Mesostigmatophyceae are early-diverging charophyte algae
Solanum jamesii is highly diverged species from cultivated potato Solanum jamesii
node η leads to Rosa chinensis group Q UGT homologs Rosa chinensis
Lignin biosynthesis variability correlates closely with diversity and evolution of land plants
gynoecium is crucial for evolutionary success of flowering plants
parallel acquisition of a regulatory pathway for controlling stomata apertures occurred prior to evolution of (AtTRS130, CLUB, TRAPPC10, TRS130, AT5G54440) mosses and ferns
OPDA and dn-cis-OPDA signaling pathway would have been crucial in land plant evolution
AtABCG13 has been not identified in monocots and early diverging land plant lineages
angiosperms acquired (LHCA2*1, Lhca6, AT1G19150) Arabidopsis thaliana; Hordeum vulgare
CLV is genetic novelty for a key morphological innovation of land plants
plant architecture has coevolved with stomatal physiology Arabidopsis thaliana
water-to-land transition of plants required an adaptation to temperature increase
branching was lost in diploid phase of bryophytes
lycophytes represent first clade in plant evolution in which roots appeared
gene lineage was repeatedly duplicated during early diversification of Portulacineae clade
plants invented and diversified flowers
tomato and Arabidopsis diverged before the radiation of dicotyledonous plants, approximately 90–112 million years ago Solanum lycopersicum; Arabidopsis thaliana
some plant groups have evolved stomata able to respond more rapidly to changing environment
embryophytes likely evolved from streptophyte algae
roots in lycophyte and euphyllophyte clades are believed to have originated from shoots
lycophytes and gymnosperms lack endosperm
myosin classes are present in plants
symbiotic associations with beneficial fungi occurred during conquest of land
recruitment of regulatory genes controlling rooting function in the sporophyte from the gametophyte stage occurred early in land plant evolutionary history
key developmental regulators for gametophyte generation in bryophytes have orthologous counterparts in angiosperms Marchantia polymorpha
(ATOPR1, OPR1, AT1G76680) (ATOPR2, OPR2, AT1G76690) origin is more ancient than (AtOPR3, DDE1, OPR3, AT2G06050) origin
early plants lacked true root systems
Schrenkiella parvula is close relative of Brassica crop species Schrenkiella parvula
Marchantia polymorpha (Mp) is early diverging land plant Marchantia polymorpha
diversification of molecular functions and expression patterns of myosin XIs in angiosperms results in achievement of specific tasks during plant evolution
fungi have been widely speculated to help land plant progenitors colonize the terrestrial environments
derived mosses are convergently vascular with tracheophytes
alternation of generations is characteristic for all land plants
Bursera genus showed evidence of increasing biosynthetic diversity over macroevolutionary time Bursera
components of the canonical auxin signaling pathway is believed to have evolved during transition to land plants
small repertoire of GH families in early archaeplastidians was progressively increasing toward modern land plants
independent loss of 10 GH families in several lineages suggests that they might not be essential to green plant cells
terrestrialization drove specialization of plastids
expansion and functional diversification of transcription factor families likely contributed to development of novel regulatory pathways during evolution
adjustable stomatal pores enabled development of life on land
(Lhca5, AT1G45474) acquisition implies that Lhca5 was acquired before appearance of common ancestor of land plants Klebsormidium flaccidum; Arabidopsis thaliana; Physcomitrella
Prupe.6G242400 belongs to TOE-type clade Prunus persica
LL was lost in grass genome lineage
further research is required to investigate significance of evolution of isochorismate synthase (ICS)-dependent biosynthesis pathway for 3-carboxy aromatic amino acids (3-carboxy AAAs)
abundance-based approach has been employed to understand phylogenetic history of phytolith trait
Marchantia polymorpha CRYPTOCHROME (MpCRY) is distant nonvascular plant relative of vascular plant CRYs Marchantia polymorpha
TTTAGGG repeat is ancestral for land plants
GH125 exclusive to core chlorophytes suggests its acquisition occurred after divergence of chlorophytes from the streptophytes
duplication event of the EXO70 gene family was first observed in Marchantia polymorpha Marchantia polymorpha
CYP710 shares a common ancestor with its functional homologs in fungi (CYP61)
guard cells and epidermal cells of hornworts show striking similarities with earliest plant fossils
bryophytes diverged from rest of the green lineage
plant ABC transporter genes almost doubled during plant land colonization
GH14 is universally conserved among all archaeplastidians
evolution of multicellularity is key plant evolutionary event
niche change depends on the evolution of plant functional traits
guard cells found in all major land plant lineages except liverworts
EXO70 protein has undergone extreme evolutionary proliferation in plants
unique clade in the (HUP39, PRP, AT3G23170) subfamily is present only in monocotyledonous plants
transporter genes have evolutionary trajectories among plant lineages
pollination has influenced diversification of seed plant families
plant traits reflect outcome of evolutionary processes of plants interacting with abiotic and biotic resources, conditions, and disturbances
shifts in base composition bias may shed light on major evolutionary transitions in the plant tree of life
GH13 is universally conserved among all archaeplastidians
Syntrichia caninervis and Syntrichia ruralis are closely related each other Syntrichia caninervis; Syntrichia ruralis
climbing mechanisms appear through evolutionary convergences
last common ancestor of land plants had approximately quadrupled GH families
new Early Devonian plants reveal unexpected complexity in early stages of tracheophyte radiation
findings help to understand how future environmental changes may affect plant form and function diversity
single cotyledon of the grasses is lingering problem in the evolution of plant development
MpGLK likely represents ancestral GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) architecture Marchantia polymorpha
gene losses in bryophytes have led to popularity of theory that land plant stomata had a complex, ABA-sensitive ancestral state