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plant defense signaling

8857 relationships annotated with this phrase. Showing first 500 of 8857.
Source entity Relationship Target entity Species
(ATERF-8, ATERF8, ERF8, AT1G53170) serves as substrate of (ATMPK4, MAPK4, MPK4, AT4G01370) and (ATMPK11, MPK11, AT1G01560) Arabidopsis thaliana
Bph3 encodes plasma membrane-localized Lectin Receptor Kinase Oryza sativa
regulation of plant JA and SA signaling pathways by AMF can be explained by meta-analysis findings
combination of Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 (Tg) and Humicola sp. T35 shows higher activities of chitinase (CHT), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), lipoxygenase (LOX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) Musa acuminata
(ATERF6, ERF-6-6, ERF103, ERF6, AT4G17490) transcribes DR genes such as (LCR67, PDF1.1, PR12, AT1G75830) and (LCR77, PDF1.2, PDF1.2A, AT5G44420) Arabidopsis thaliana
ER bodies may form in response to pathogen attack
(ATL6, AT3G05200) is involved in plant immune response Arabidopsis thaliana
transduction networks include JA, ethylene, SA, and hypersensitive response (HR) pathways
SA-independent signal(s) may contribute to plant defense Arabidopsis thaliana
GDSL lipase-like proteins may contribute to defense responses
jacalin-related lectins may contribute to defense responses
plants rely on activation of innate immunity
ADF3-dependent mechanism is involved in signaling associated with Arabidopsis defense against the GPA Arabidopsis thaliana
Vitellogenins (Vgs) can be used by plants to reliably sense presence of insects
inoculation of Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 (Tg) significantly increases salicylic acid (SA) content in banana plants Musa acuminata
combination of Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 (Tg) plus Humicola sp. T35 shows highest levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) content Musa acuminata
inoculation of Humicola sp. T35 significantly increases jasmonic acid (JA) content in banana plants Musa acuminata
(ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) and (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) phosphorylate AtERF72 Arabidopsis thaliana
weak (AHG2, ATPARN, PARN, AT1G55870) allele mutant impairs Alternaria brassicae-activated defense responses Arabidopsis thaliana
AtERF72 phosphorylation leads to increased cellular accumulation of camalexin Arabidopsis thaliana
cellotriose (CT) induces weak defense response Arabidopsis thaliana
inoculation of Humicola sp. T35 significantly increases salicylic acid (SA) content in banana plants Musa acuminata
conserved defense signaling components from diverse plants can differ in functionalities
responses to oligosaccharides are species specific
(ATCNGC4, CNGC4, DND2, HLM1, AT5G54250) act as negative regulators of defense responses Arabidopsis thaliana
MAPK activation is accompanied by differential expression of three transcription factor superfamilies
CT induces fewer defense-related genes compared with chitin Arabidopsis thaliana
cellotriose (CT) is novel elicitor Arabidopsis thaliana
nitric oxide may be affected in phb3-3 plants under some conditions Arabidopsis thaliana
soluble sugars contribute to immune response
jasmonates (JAs) are primarily induced during necrotrophic pathogen attacks
all treatments (Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 (Tg), Humicola sp. T35, and combination) increase average values of chitinase (CHT), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), lipoxygenase (LOX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities Musa acuminata
salicylic acid (SA) is synthesized and accumulates during incompatible plant and pathogen interactions
photoreceptors of Arabidopsis thaliana modulate defense responses Arabidopsis thaliana
yeast glycoprotein elicitor can be used to differentiate from far-reaching rearrangements like hypersensitive reactions
SA and JA/ET signaling have extensive cross-talk between SA and JA/ET signaling
fine-mapping and characterization of locus associated with Gln-18:3 response sensitivity led to identification of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) gene, termed FAC SENSITIVITY ASSOCIATED (ZmFACS) Zea mays
current research effort seeks to comprehensively assess transcriptome-wide overlap and response divergence Zea mays
cross talk between defense-related phytohormones involves jasmonic acid (JA) signaling
(ATMYC2, JAI1, JIN1, MYC2, RD22BP1, ZBF1, AT1G32640) is known to mediate defense against pathogens Arabidopsis thaliana
uncharacterized soil-born signal from plants stimulated by eggs triggered increase of bacterial resistance in leaf tissues
microbial elicitors reprogram innate plant defense response
phytochromes modulate expression of many plant disease resistance genes Arabidopsis thaliana
nitric oxide is involved in defense responses Arabidopsis thaliana
high elicitor concentrations initiates hypersensitive responses
SA-independent signaling pathway(s) activate other defense responses
plants with Zmpepr mutations are less capable of generating protective response against Spodoptera larvae after ZmPep treatment Zea mays
ZmPep3 and Gln-18:3 promote highly similar reprogramming responses at 2 h Zea mays
genetic relatedness has been shown to modify defense response of one focal plant to signals from neighboring, attacked plants
hl leaves in response to mechanical wounding accumulated 53±3 μg PI-II ml−1 leaf juice Solanum lycopersicum
two-phased alkalinization response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi has first peak culminating within 1 h Vitis vinifera
lack of functional (ATCNGC2, CNGC2, DND1, AT5G15410) in caused enhanced resistance against virulent pathogens Arabidopsis thaliana
light could regulate defense responses in plants
Ca2+ plays a role in inducing pathogen-or elicitor-induced cell death
volatiles from attacked plants can enhance plant defenses
cis-3-hexenyl acetate has been shown to increase wheat resistance against the head blight fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum Triticum aestivum
phyAphyBphyC mutant suggests that phytochromes may be involved in regulation of resistance to Magnaporthe grisea in rice Oryza sativa
volatiles may act as defense activators or suppressors
salicylic acid (SA) is defense-related phytohormone
enhanced resistance against virulent pathogens is MAMP-triggered basal resistance response Arabidopsis thaliana
hormonal crosstalk provides mechanism for volatile cues enhancement or suppression of plant defenses and innate immunity
most plant–plant interactions reviewed have positive effects on plant immunity or biotic stress resistance
systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is pathogen-induced broad-spectrum resistance
volatiles can trigger plant signaling cascades
plant elicitor peptides (Peps) in rice (OsPeps) have been demonstrated to protect against herbivores Oryza sativa
current work provides long-sought path to uncoupling linked herbivore-associated molecular pattern (HAMP) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) responses in plants
attacked plants can modify leaf or soil microbiome such that next coming plants will display greater immunity
bryophytes are insensitive to jasmonic acid (JA)
plants counter disease with array of responses to styme pathogen ingress
nitric oxide (NO) induces salicylic acid (SA) production Arabidopsis thaliana
herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) further amplify wounding-mediated production of phytohormones, including jasmonates (JAs) and ethylene (ET)
hormones other than salicylic acid (SA), jasmonates (JA) and ethylene (ET) may influence disease outcomes through their effect on jasmonates (JA) signalling
upregulation of brassinosteroid (BR) related genes modifies plant defense responses
volatiles from microbes can enhance plant defenses
disulfooxy fatty acids, termed caeliferins, present in American bird grasshopper (Schistocerca americana) and microbes associated with insect digestive tract elicit antiherbivore defense responses in maize Zea mays
jasmonates (JAs) and ethylene (ET) produced in response to wounding and elicitors regulate herbivore-associated defense responses
cellobiose triggers similar signaling cascades to those activated by oligogalacturonans (OGs)
plants respond to volatile cues from the environment by adjusting defenses and innate immune responses
different volatile cues may be integrated to yield unique defense responses
Cotesia glomerata shows significantly increased preference for volatiles at 1 mM jasmonic acid concentration Brassica oleracea
molecules known to participate to the allelopathic response were shown to directly modulate expression of genes involved in defense and resistance to biotic stress
WRKY transcription factor superfamily show increased levels of mRNA at 3, 9, and 14 hpi
mechanical wounding of plant tissue leads to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including oligogalacturonic acid, extracellular ATP, and peptides similar to systemin and plant elicitor peptides (Peps)
THESEUS1 (THE) likely plays a role in perceiving cellulose modifications during defense response
salicylic acid (SA) is phytohormone implicated in defense
jasmonic acid (JA) is defense-related phytohormone
ZmPep3 is most potent damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signal Zea mays
hormones other than salicylic acid (SA), jasmonates (JA) and ethylene (ET) may influence disease outcomes through their effect on salicylic acid (SA) signalling
fungal elicitor induces NO biosynthesis requiring protein kinase activation
first principal component (PC1) explains 54.9% of variation in volatile pattern data Brassica oleracea
maize (Zea mays) has been model for identification of molecules from insects that trigger protective responses Zea mays
17-hydroxy N-linolenoyl l-glutamine (volicitin) and N-linolenoyl l-glutamine (Gln-18:3) are commonly the most highly abundant and potent elicitors of foliar volatile emissions
(MIK2, AT4G08850) /LRR-KISS receptor might perceive damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) derived from pathogen attack
damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and microbe-associated/pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) perception is associated with reinforcement of the cell wall
plants with Zmpepr mutations produce fewer volatiles Zea mays
qualitative resistance to Xoo is important type of defense response in rice Oryza sativa
positive and negative interactions between volatile cues are expected to be frequent and widespread
chitinases in Helicoverpa zea frass suppress antiherbivore defense responses Zea mays
characterization of ZmPep3 and Gln-18:3 sensitivity across diverse maize lines revealed defined maize inbred lines specifically insensitive to Gln-18:3 Zea mays
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important in plant defense signaling
root exudates from genetically distant ecotype induces higher induction of defense genes in Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana
activation of the JA pathway antagonizes SA-dependent defense responses Arabidopsis thaliana
(COI1, AT2G39940) mutant shows higher resistance to pathogen infection Arabidopsis thaliana
(MIK2, AT4G08850) /LRR-KISS receptor is strong candidate for damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) perception
closely related tobacco syntaxin is phosphorylated during R-gene-mediated resistance Nicotiana tabacum
forward genetics approach to candidate gene discovery enabled better understanding of fatty acid–amino acid conjugate (FAC) response sensitivity Zea mays
one plant inducing immunity in neighboring plants may provide resistance to inoculum from outside the field
mutants that constitutively express defense responses have been essential for unraveling defense signaling pathways
SA pathway silencing in lesion-mimic mutants results in up-regulation of JA and ET pathways
(FMO1, AT1G19250) and ALD1-defined pathways share (ATNPR1, NIM1, NPR1, SAI1, AT1G64280) signaling node
advances in hormonal crosstalk provides mechanistic framework to explore suppression and integration of volatile cues by plants
pathway that potentiates an HR-like defense to powdery mildew fungi is elevated in (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) (ATSYP122, SYP122, AT3G52400) plants
wounding triggers host defense responses
wild-type alleles in lesion-mimic mutants encode negative regulators of defense signaling
powdery mildew-triggered HR-like response provides complete resistance to Golovinomyces cichoracearum (Gc)
wound-inducible serine proteinase inhibitor (PI-II) is well-characterized anti-insect protein Solanum lycopersicum
auxins is implicated in plant defence signalling pathways
JA and salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway have antagonistic nature each other
damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from cellulose lead to downstream modifications in hormone-signaling pathways
exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) promotes resistance in moss
PA signalling is part of plant defence response
JA signalling is activated upon herbivory Solanum lycopersicum
tomato GAGT protein show rapid and transient induction upon systemic infections tomato
oxylipins play important roles in plant responses to biotic stress
(MED25, PFT1, AT1G25540) was recently shown to be required for transcription-activation ability of (AtERF#092, ERF1, ERF1B, AT3G23240) Arabidopsis thaliana
elevated CO2-induced favoring of SA signalling pathway and repression of JA pathway was accompanied by enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae Solanum lycopersicum
ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) plays a critical role in modulation of SA accumulation
herbivore-infested plants trigger resistance in receiver neighbors
disease resistance is manifested downstream of SA, JA, and ET signaling pathways
different pathways lead to spontaneous cell death
three RAV genes ( (AtRAV1, EDF4, RAV1, AT1G13260) (AtTEM1, EDF1, TEM1, AT1G25560) RAV3) are regulated in a similar manner in response to defense-associated phytohormones Arabidopsis thaliana
R gene-mediated defense response is linked to RNA silencing pathway
cross talk between defense-related phytohormones involves salicylic acid (SA) signaling
stress response to cellulose synthesis impairment is reminiscent of response to pathogenic infection
loliolide induced plant defense Arabidopsis thaliana; Solanum lycopersicum
resistance to pests and pathogens is crucial in an agricultural context
spontaneous PCD in lesion-mimic mutants is often used as model for HR-cell death reactions
barley ROR2 gene encodes (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) syntaxin Hordeum vulgare
hypersensitive necrosis response (HR) confers effective protection against biotrophic pathogens
SA signaling pathway is elevated in (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) (ATSYP122, SYP122, AT3G52400) plants
9/13-DES was induced in leaves by exogenous application of salicylic acid Allium sativum
limonene has little influence on separation of the groups Brassica oleracea
1,8-cineole has little influence on separation of the groups Brassica oleracea
SA pathway antagonism to JA pathway requires SA-activated NON-EXPRESSOR OF PR GENES 1 (ATNPR1, NIM1, NPR1, SAI1, AT1G64280)
ET signaling pathway is elevated in (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) (ATSYP122, SYP122, AT3G52400) plants
two-phased alkalinization response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi has second and sustained phase lasting for several hours Vitis vinifera
(Z)-2-penten-1-yl acetate is important compound for separation between treatment groups Brassica oleracea
18 of the 19 MR genes against Magnaporthe oryzae encode NB-LRR-type proteins Oryza sativa
tomato GAGT protein show rapid and transient induction upon Gentisic acid (GA) treatment tomato
jasmonic acid pathway is genetically distinguishable pathway for defence signalling Arabidopsis thaliana
chitosan triggers lignification responses
compounds with VIP-value >1 are considered to influence the separation between the groups Brassica oleracea
sabinene has little influence on separation of the groups Brassica oleracea
(COI1, AT2G39940) mutant is more tolerant than wild type and aos to Verticillium longisporum infection Arabidopsis thaliana
maize signaling promoted by herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) is mediated and amplified by array of endogenous signals Zea mays
volatile cue integration may enable plants to prioritize defense responses or combine multiple volatiles from the same emitter into appropriate defense responses
Pseudomonas syringae is defended against through SA-dependent basal resistance Solanum lycopersicum
pathogen attack triggers redistribution of cytoplasmic (ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) pool to the nucleus
syntaxin double mutants of (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) and (ATSYP122, SYP122, AT3G52400) are lesion-mimic plants
Harpin proteins elicit multiple plant responses Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria
inhibition of auxin signaling by blocking auxin transport affects activation of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling pathways Arabidopsis thaliana
lesion-mimic mutants have been essential for unraveling defense signaling pathways
syntaxin double mutants of (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) and (ATSYP122, SYP122, AT3G52400) are affected in several different pathogen defense pathways
PLS-DA model achieved R2X (cumulative) of 0.77 Brassica oleracea
global transcript profiling shows that many SA responses and other defense-related transcripts are induced after mutation of (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) and (ATSYP122, SYP122, AT3G52400)
increased susceptibility of hl plants to herbivore attack cannot be attributed to specific defect in PI-II production Solanum lycopersicum
JA treatment up-regulates Pathogenesis-Related protein 2 (AtBG2, AtPR2, BG2, BGL2, GNS2, PR-2, PR2, AT3G57260) Phaseolus lunatus
Diadegma semiclausum significantly prefers volatiles from herbivore-infested plants Brassica oleracea
plants fed on by 15 Pieris rapae caterpillars remain attractive to parasitoids Cotesia glomerata Brassica oleracea
Cotesia glomerata shows no significant preference at 1 μM jasmonic acid concentration Brassica oleracea
Pieris rapae-infested plants show highest degree of within-treatment variation in volatile blend composition Brassica oleracea
2-methyl-1-propanol is important compound for separation between treatment groups Brassica oleracea
Cotesia glomerata shows statistically significant preference for volatiles from JA-treated plants after 3 hours after jasmonic acid application Brassica oleracea
identified volatile compounds include terpenoids, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, nitriles, sulphides, and esters Brassica oleracea
α-thujene has little influence on separation of the groups Brassica oleracea
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate is produced in highest amounts in volatile blends of control, jasmonic acid-treated, and herbivore-infested plants Brassica oleracea
Pieris rapae-infested plants emit high amounts of volatile compounds Brassica oleracea
(AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) syntaxin is required for timely formation of cell wall appositions
cell wall appositions are important for defense
powdery mildew-triggered HR-like response occurs after attack by Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh)
ET pathway may serve to protect against necrosis development
chitosan triggers callose formation
Plutella xylostella feeding for 24 hours significantly increases jasmonic acid levels Brassica oleracea
JA and its precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid play role in signal transduction of defence responses
interference with SA-dependent signalling by JA was less pronounced
plant lines defective in JA biosynthesis overturned CO2-induced susceptibility to B. cinerea Solanum lycopersicum
TomloxF expression is stimulated by infection with Pseudomonas putida BTP1 Solanum lycopersicum; Pseudomonas putida
pretreatment with C6-aldehydes retarded disease symptom development in Arabidopsis inoculated with Botrytis cinerea Arabidopsis thaliana; Botrytis cinerea
silverleaf whiteflies activate SA pathway
combined 1 mM JA + 1 mM SA application induces preference for treatment plants over control plants at 72 hours post-application spider mite attraction behavior Phaseolus lunatus
chemicals and compounds create a signalling network that induces salicylic acid (SA) accumulation
systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is broad-spectrum disease resistance
mutations in a number of well-described defense pathways have rescuing effects in syntaxin double mutant
race-specific fungal elicitors activate plant plasma membrane Ca2+-permeable channels modulated by phosphorylation of channel protein
sabinene is produced in highest amounts in volatile blends of control, jasmonic acid-treated, and herbivore-infested plants Brassica oleracea
3-heptanone has little influence on separation of the groups Brassica oleracea
brassinosteroids are involved in biotic stress responses
SA pathway antagonizes JA pathway
plant anti-herbivore defense responses function indirectly through production and release of volatile organic compounds (VOC)
1551 members of receptor-like kinase (RLK, AT5G67280) -encoding gene significantly expanded in Quercus dentata Quercus dentata
WRKY proteins are involved in regulation of plant defence responses
(ATNPR1, NIM1, NPR1, SAI1, AT1G64280) monomer and TGA transcription factors interaction activates defence-related gene transcripts
two-phased oxidative burst in response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi has second and sustained peak of H2O2 detected after and with maximum at few hours with maximum at 3 h Vitis vinifera
Cotesia glomerata significantly prefers volatiles from jasmonic acid-treated plants Brassica oleracea
Cotesia glomerata still prefers volatiles from JA-treated plants over control plants after 120 hours after jasmonic acid application Brassica oleracea
volatile blends of control, jasmonic acid-treated, and herbivore-infested plants contain 53 identified volatile compounds Brassica oleracea
Plutella xylostella-infested plants show lowest degree of within-treatment variation in volatile blend composition Brassica oleracea
HPLC-MS/MS analysis is used to determine SA and JA accumulation Solanum lycopersicum
(ATNPR1, NIM1, NPR1, SAI1, AT1G64280) monomer interacts with TGA transcription factors
plant hormones are major components of signal-transduction pathways
plant lines defective in SA biosynthesis overturned CO2-induced resistance to P. syringae and TMV Solanum lycopersicum
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is defended against through SA-dependent basal resistance Solanum lycopersicum
eicosapentaenoic acid is potent elicitor of defence responses Solanaceae
LOX mutants demonstrate significance of lipid derivatives in diverse biological and ecological functions Solanum lycopersicum; Solanum tuberosum; Nicotiana tabacum; Oryza sativa
OsHI-LOX and OsLOX1 are involved in resistance through assays with stem borers Oryza sativa
some atglr mutants showed increased disease symptoms when infected with B. cinerea Arabidopsis thaliana
intermediates and final products of HPL and (AOS, CYP74A, DDE2, AT5G42650) branches are known for their function as potent signaling molecules
volatile organic compounds (VOC) attract natural enemies of herbivores
ubiquitination is important regulatory contributor to disease resistance
SA and JA act as local and systemic signal molecules in plant defence against pathogen attack
salicylic acid (SA) treatment induces avoidance in spider mites at 48 hours post-application spider mite avoidance behavior Phaseolus lunatus
qRT-PCR is used to detect expression levels of SA- and JA-dependent genes Solanum lycopersicum
salicylic acid (SA) is implicated in signalling crosstalk between light stress and immune reactions
redistribution of cytoplasmic (ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) pool to the nucleus stimulates transcriptional reprogramming of relevant genes (e.g. (ATICS1, EDS16, ICS1, SID2, AT1G74710) (ATPAD4, PAD4, AT3G52430) and (AtGH3.12, GDG1, GH3.12, PBS3, WIN3, AT5G13320) ) of SA biosynthesis and signalling
plant defense is mediated through coordinated activity of several stress hormones, generally through jasmonates (JAs), salicylates (SAs), and ethylene
elicitor-induced activation of pathways leading to plant defenses is mediated by Calcium (Ca2+) mobilization from internal stores
laser microdissection of Arabidopsis tissues infected or not by Golovinomyces orontii showed extensive site-specific defense gene profile Arabidopsis thaliana
arachidonic acid (ARA) is conserved signalling molecule in regulation of biotic stresses Arabidopsis thaliana
ethylene may be affected in phb3-3 plants under some conditions Arabidopsis thaliana
phosphite (Phi) acts indirectly by stimulating host defense
WRKY-domain-containing NLR receptor converts defense suppression into immunity
bacterial virulence activity dampens plant immunity
silencing of HyPRP1 causes up-regulation of defense-related genes Capsicum annuum; Nicotiana benthamiana
plants respond to fatty acids by exogenous application or via pathogens containing them during infection coordinated activation of defence-related responses
silencing of HyPRP1 enhances disease resistance Capsicum annuum; Nicotiana benthamiana
elimination of LOX10 by Mu transposon insertional mutagenesis compromises resistance to insects under laboratory conditions Zea mays
atglr3.3-3 mutant (S_066021) showing highest susceptibility to H. arabidopsidis Arabidopsis thaliana
OGs treatment of (ATGLR3.3, GLR3.3, AT1G42540) mutants indicated AtGLR3.3 to a lesser extent in NO production Arabidopsis thaliana
green leaf volatiles (GLVs) attract natural enemies of herbivores Arabidopsis thaliana
insect-derived elicitors are responsible for various plant responses to different herbivores or damage treatments
OGs induced defense gene expression
(AtGBF1, GBF1, AT4G36730) acts upstream of PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (ATPAD4, PAD4, AT3G52430) Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtGBF1, GBF1, AT4G36730) positively regulates defense by inversely modulating (CAT2, AT4G35090) and (ATPAD4, PAD4, AT3G52430) expression Arabidopsis thaliana
scopoletin does not provide Asian soybean rust (SBR) protection by stimulating or priming the plant immune system for defence Glycine max
powdery mildew resistance in (PMR5, TBL44, AT5G58600) does not appear to trigger any known defense signaling pathways, including salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene defense pathways Arabidopsis thaliana
herbivore-specific defense responses involve large-scale transcriptional, translational and post-translational alteration
Glucosinolate (GSL) breakdown products may serve as signaling molecules in plant defense responses
Cotesia glomerata response level decreases with decreasing jasmonic acid concentration Brassica oleracea
linear short oligogalacturonides (OGs) of 10–15 GalA subunits are also known as elicitors of plant defenses against biotic stress Arabidopsis thaliana
NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED-1 (ATNPR1, NIM1, NPR1, SAI1, AT1G64280) is transcription co-activator Arabidopsis thaliana
kinase activity plays central role in subsequent activation of plant defence mechanisms Arabidopsis thaliana
methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is used for signaling to neighboring plants
ER bodies may participate in plant-pathogen responses
cotreatments of cellobiose with flg22 or chitooligomers led to synergistic increases in defense gene expression Arabidopsis thaliana
Ca2+-dependent NADPH oxidase D activation is required for rapid defense signal propagation Arabidopsis thaliana
three typical components of plant defense reactions are up-regulated via each signal path Eschscholzia
(ATERF-8, ATERF8, ERF8, AT1G53170) functions in ABA signaling, cell death and plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
mycorrhizal fungi can induce distinct responses in jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways Populus
analyses of various hormone signaling mutants in Arabidopsis suggested role for Phi in priming SA-mediated defense signaling Arabidopsis thaliana
expression of AvrRpm1 and overexpression of (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) strongly induce expression of PR-1
L-type lectin receptor kinases is involved in regulating plant defense against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens Arabidopsis thaliana
auxin is hypothesized to antagonize salicylic acid (SA) Arabidopsis thaliana
OGs treatment of Col-0 plants resulted in significant accumulation of (ATICS1, EDS16, ICS1, SID2, AT1G74710) defense gene Arabidopsis thaliana
defense-related genes are expressed much less strongly in OsADF mutant Oryza sativa
inoculation of Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 (Tg) significantly increases jasmonic acid (JA) content in banana plants Musa acuminata
plasma membrane-localized Lectin Receptor Kinase recognizes insect-derived Herbivore-Associated Molecular Patterns (HAMPs) Oryza sativa
prophage proteins is indirect indicator of the presence of bacteria
mycorrhizal defense responses involves increased synthesis of defense phytohormones Oryza sativa
(ML3, AT5G23820) is linked to defense signaling Arabidopsis thaliana
plant hormones SA, JA, or JA/ethylene form network of synergistic and antagonistic interactions Arabidopsis thaliana
ethylene and JA pathways should benefit plants to handle various biotic and abiotic stresses Oryza sativa
(ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) and (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) can phosphorylate and activate (ATERF6, ERF-6-6, ERF103, ERF6, AT4G17490) Arabidopsis thaliana
resistant phenotype in (ML3, AT5G23820) mutants upon P. syringae infection is congruent with antagonistic effects of JA and SA signaling Arabidopsis thaliana
transcriptional modifications of critical genes in the hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) pathway probably caused change in signaling dynamics due to different types of herbivores or mechanical damage
Ca2+ is thought to work as second messenger
OsADF affects expression of downstream defense-related genes Oryza sativa
indole metabolite content in roots shows negative correlation with wat1-mediated resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum Arabidopsis thaliana
multilevel defense responses includes activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)
silencing of HyPRP1 inhibits in planta growth of bacterial pathogens Capsicum annuum; Nicotiana benthamiana
silenced Nicotiana attenuata plants at the NaLOX3 locus are impaired in nicotine production Nicotiana attenuata
LOX8-mediated jasmonic acid (JA) production is dependent on signaling from LOX10-derived oxylipins Zea mays
plant GLRs are involved in adaptation to biotic stresses
(DMS2, DRD2, NRPD2, NRPD2A, NRPE2, OCP1, AT3G23780) is implicated in plant immunity
indole metabolites play a role in wat1-associated resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum Arabidopsis thaliana
OGs-induced downstream responses are dependent on calcium (Ca2+) influx Arabidopsis thaliana
green leaf volatile (GLV) production may itself be used as signal by plants to coordinate their defensive response to herbivores
Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis-induced expression of some defense genes was regulated by (ATGLR3.3, GLR3.3, AT1G42540) Arabidopsis thaliana
AvrPtoB phospho-null mutants were unable to inhibit FLS2-BAK1 complex formation Arabidopsis thaliana
oligogalacturonides (OGAs) form calcium bridges
salicylic acid (SA) is used for antibacterial defense Arabidopsis thaliana
higher mortality of the herbivores via attracting the natural enemies of herbivores
ROS production leads to activation of defense genes
FLS2-BAK1 complex formation occurs upon flagellin perception Arabidopsis thaliana
glucose oxidase in Helicoverpa zea saliva reduces nicotine production by inhibiting wound signaling Nicotiana tobacum
lower expression of OGs-induced genes pointing out role of (ATGLR3.3, GLR3.3, AT1G42540) in regulating plant defense gene expression Arabidopsis thaliana
OGs treatment of Col-0 plants resulted in significant accumulation of (PER4, PRX4, AT1G14540) defense gene Arabidopsis thaliana
OsHI-LOX and OsLOX1 are involved in resistance through assays with brown plant hoppers Oryza sativa
ZmLOX10 is key modulator of insect defense in maize Zea mays
volatiles from plants, microbes and herbivores have been shown to affect different signaling cascades
biological processes mediating plant-induced immunity in neighboring plants could be further mobilized in design of varietal mixtures
OsHPL3 plays critical roles in modulating plant defense responses Oryza sativa
salicylic acid (SA) has higher content in (AP-3 beta, PAT2, WAT1, AT3G55480) roots Arabidopsis thaliana
loss-of-function mutation in VOZs impairs wide variety of immune systems including PTI, ETI, and SAR Arabidopsis thaliana
multilevel defense responses includes phytoalexin production
OGs-induced downstream responses include defense gene expression Arabidopsis thaliana
lower expression of OGs-induced genes highlighting similarity in OGs- and H. arabidopsis-induced gene expression Arabidopsis thaliana
additional insect-associated molecules beyond fatty acid–amino acid conjugates (FACs) also promote maize defenses Zea mays
eavesdropping is not limited to defense against insects but also occurs on pathogen attack
green leaf volatiles (GLVs) play a role in defensive coordination within and between plants Arabidopsis thaliana
multilevel defense responses includes defense gene transcript accumulation
recognition of the AvrPphB effector protein activates downstream defense signaling Arabidopsis thaliana
cellotriose induces mild defense-like response Arabidopsis thaliana
phloem sap feeders modulate known defense signaling pathways
AtZIP10 in the nucleus induces expression of hypersensitive response (HR)- and basal defense-related target genes Arabidopsis thaliana
cross-talk between SA and JA/ET signaling is thought to be antagonistic
impairments to wound and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signaling support functional roles for interconnected signaling pathways
aphids elicit plant defense networks controlled by hormones such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET)
phosphite (Phi) increases expression of cytoplasmic and membrane receptor-like kinases switchgrass
Phosphite (Phi) application activates plant defense signaling as early as 1 h after application switchgrass
(RPS2, uS2C, ATCG00160) and (RPM1, RPS3, AT3G07040) interact with (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070)
(ATL31, CNI1, AT5G27420) is involved in plant immune response Arabidopsis thaliana
(ML3, AT5G23820) is speculated to be positive regulator downstream from JA responses and glucosinolate-mediated plant defenses Arabidopsis thaliana
plants utilize two distinct signaling pathways
(ATGLR3.3, GLR3.3, AT1G42540) disruption no effect on B. cinerea susceptibility Arabidopsis thaliana
association mapping using intermated (B73, CHL6, CNX, CNX1, SIR4, AT5G20990) × Mo17 (IBM) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population enabled the identification of single locus specifically associated with response sensitivity to Gln-18:3, but not ZmPep3 Zea mays
nitric oxide (NO) is regulator of diverse patho-physiological processes
Pi-d2 encodes plasma membrane-localized lectin receptor kinase-type protein Oryza sativa
mechanosensitive channel proteins (MCA1, AT4G35920) /2 are likely involved in perception of microbe-induced perturbations of cellulose
cis-3-hexenyl acetate has been shown to prime defense in numerous plants
bryophytes are insensitive to JA-Ile
defense responses induced by Nilaparvata lugens mucin-like protein (NlMLP) in plant cells are related to calcium ion (Ca2+) mobilization Oryza sativa
NopP is monitored by Rj2 proteins
PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (ATPAD4, PAD4, AT3G52430) is regulator of basal and resistance protein-mediated plant defense
broad range of plants responding to Nilaparvata lugens mucin-like protein (NlMLP) and dependence of these responses on the MEK2 pathway suggests that plants respond to Nilaparvata lugens mucin-like protein (NlMLP) via conserved upstream component of plant signaling pathways
glucosinolates are involved in plant defense Arabidopsis thaliana
(AHG2, ATPARN, PARN, AT1G55870) might control proper responses of the plant to pathogenic fungus Arabidopsis thaliana
Inoculation with Alternaria alternata elicits activation of jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway Nicotiana attenuata
cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors detect invading pathogens and subsequently activate cascade of defense responses
plant signaling cascades can interact with each other positively or negatively plant signaling cascades
MpCOI1/MpJAZ pathway is positive regulator of defenses against herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens Marchantia polymorpha
extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (eATP) treatment of (AOS, CYP74A, DDE2, AT5G42650) plants led to the degradation of transgenic JAZ1:GUS fusion protein Arabidopsis thaliana
rapid signaling cascades involving glutamate-like receptor (GLR) proteins, MAP kinase (MAPK) cascades, Ca2+ influxes, and bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) collectively contribute to propagation of immune signaling both spatially and temporally
ZmPep family members vary in magnitude of elicited responses Zea mays
Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits pathogen-inducible salicylic acid (SA) accumulation Arabidopsis thaliana
signals from insect saliva or oral secretions are transmitted within plants via transduction networks
salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway plays a role in Phi-mediated resistance
Phi application activates plant defense signaling components via (RLK, AT5G67280) (Receptor-Like Kinase) signaling Panicum virgatum
OGs perception initiates signal transduction cascade
signaling cascade triggered by cellulose-derived oligomers shares similarities to responses to chitooligomers and oligogalacturonides Arabidopsis thaliana
defense-related genes induced by CT show lower and temporally retarded stimulation compared with chitin Arabidopsis thaliana
SlMPK8 phosphorylates SlERF.C1 at the Ser 174 position Solanum lycopersicum
JA and SA have an antagonistic effect plant defense signaling
arthropod effectors inhibit downstream signaling steps
mutations in lesion-mimic mutants are mostly recessive
tomato GAGT has unique properties suggesting very specific role in regulation of Gentisic acid (GA) levels in compatible plant-pathogen interactions tomato
jasmonic acid (JA) regulates herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) emissions
pathogen infection induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR)
(AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) is negative regulator of plant defense signaling induced by R proteins
(AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) negatively regulates ectopic activation of (RPS2, uS2C, ATCG00160)
plant defense responses to NPP1 require (ATPAD4, PAD4, AT3G52430) and (NDR1, AT4G14350)
R protein recognizing defense-suppressing type III effector protein presumably hyperactivates same or highly interdigitated signal transduction pathway that was targeted by type III effector
salicylic acid (SA) is major defense signal in plants Arabidopsis thaliana
CRYPTOCHROME 1 (ATCRY1, BLU1, CRY1, HY4, OOP2, AT4G08920) affects activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR)
PHT4;1-mediated IP3 signaling is involved in regulating plant disease resistance
ZmPeps are recognized by two leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinases (RLKs), ZmPEPR1 and ZmPEPR2 Zea mays
abscisic acid is phytohormone implicated in defense
biological processes mediating plant-induced immunity in neighboring plants are urgent to understand because they could be further mobilized in design of intercropping systems
upstream signals control critical resistance output
(ATICS1, EDS16, ICS1, SID2, AT1G74710) and (EDS5, SCORD3, SID1, AT4G39030) each have additional roles in defense signaling
activation of the intramembrane kinase domain of (AtWAK1, PRO25, WAK1, AT1G21250) leads to activation of plant immune responses Arabidopsis thaliana
phytochromes are involved in regulating disease resistance in rice Oryza sativa
(ATCNGC2, CNGC2, DND1, AT5G15410) act as negative regulators of defense responses Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATCNGC2, CNGC2, DND1, AT5G15410) and (ATCNGC4, CNGC4, DND2, HLM1, AT5G54250) mutants indicate positive role in defense responses Arabidopsis thaliana
InsP3 signaling subsequently leads to defense responses
jasmonates (JAs) are primarily induced during chewing insect herbivores
highly similar reprogramming responses at 2 h to ZmPep3 and Gln-18:3 largely represented by transcripts encoding signaling proteins Zea mays
current research effort seeks to better understand early maize responses to ZmPep3 and Gln-18:3 Zea mays
coronatine structurally and functionally mimics methyl jasmonate
integration of multiple volatile cues may enable plants to regulate the strength of their response according to the reliability of the detected volatile cues
wounding triggers production of salicylate
gentisic acid (GA) has been proposed to play a role as intermediary in compatible, non-necrotizing interactions
WRKY gene family expansion is correlated with MAMP-triggered and effector-triggered defense signal transduction cascades
plant-beneficial rhizobacteria trigger induced systemic disease resistance response
RNA profiling experiments demonstrated significant overlap between transcriptional responses induced by PAMP receptors and R proteins
Arabidopsis plants challenged by avirulent pathogens or elicitors of plant defense reactions triggers redox-mediated regulation of NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED-1 (ATNPR1, NIM1, NPR1, SAI1, AT1G64280) nuclear translocation Arabidopsis thaliana
sustained elevation of Ca2+ after pathogen infection or elicitor treatment has been associated with induction of a variety of plant defense responses
uncovering mechanistic links between volatile perception and hormonal signaling is essential for understanding how plants respond to volatile blends in natural and agricultural ecosystems
EV induced SA-responsive marker gene (AtCAPE9, ATPR1, PR 1, PR1, AT2G14610) Nicotiana benthamiana
(AtPR4, HEL, PR-4, PR4, AT3G04720) is known to be co-regulated by JA Nicotiana benthamiana
(ATCTIMC, CYTOTPI, TPI, AT3G55440) down-regulation was slightly stronger for four candidates compared to EV Nicotiana benthamiana
pathogen recognition triggers ion flux changes
calcium signaling cascades is accompanied by differential expression of three transcription factor superfamilies
ethylene (ET) and/or jasmonates (JA) dependent mechanisms is one of the SA-independent signaling pathway(s)
Trypsin Proteinase Inhibitor (TPI) is JA-related marker gene Nicotiana benthamiana
β-1,6–1,3 heptaglucan from Phytophthora sojae is complex carbohydrate acting as a regulatory molecule in plants Phytophthora sojae
(AtRAV1, EDF4, RAV1, AT1G13260) (AtTEM1, EDF1, TEM1, AT1G25560) and RAV3 expression examined in response to defence-associated phytohormones, ethylene and MJ Arabidopsis thaliana
ethylene (ET) signaling pathway is best described defense pathway
positive feedback loop of SA-EDS1 leads to amplification of the defense response both locally and systemically
SA and JA seem to have synergistic effects on BPH resistance Oryza sativa
Ptr ToxA (ToxA) acts as elicitor Triticum aestivum
TGA transcription factor are supposed to play a key role in salicylic acid (SA)-signaling pathway Arabidopsis thaliana
(ANTR1, PHT4;1, AT2G29650) has a role in regulating plant defense
cellobiose stimulates neither callose deposition Arabidopsis thaliana
ZmREM1.3 encodes remorin protein Zea mays
Pseudomonas spp. stimulate plant defenses
wat1-mediated resistance is independent of ein2-mediated resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATGLR3.3, GLR3.3, AT1G42540) is involved in resistance to Pseudomonas syringae Arabidopsis thaliana
B. cinerea-infected Col-0 plants pre-treated with DNQX, CNQX and MK-801 showed statistically significant increase in average lesion diameter Arabidopsis thaliana
AvrPtoB phospho-null mutants were unable to suppress (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) accumulation Arabidopsis thaliana
ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) is regulator of basal and resistance protein-mediated plant defense
oligogalacturonides induce resistance of Arabidopsis against Botrytis cinerea Arabidopsis thaliana; Botrytis cinerea
defense signaling pathways operate during R gene-mediated resistance to aphids
glutamate is trigger of long-distance defense signaling in plants
photoreceptors regulate plant defense against attackers
Rj2 proteins can activate defense marker gene (AtBG2, AtPR2, BG2, BGL2, GNS2, PR-2, PR2, AT3G57260)
Te28, Tu28, Te84, and Tu84 measured accumulation of phytohormones SA, JA, and JA-Ile Nicotiana benthamiana
StPep1 is plant-defense elicitor peptide Solanum tuberosum
nitric oxide (NO) signals for defense processes
green leaf volatiles (GLVs) act as signals that induce expression of defensive genes
jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway is not essential for wat1-mediated resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
auxin impacts plant–pathogen interactions
defense pathways often include accumulation of specialized metabolites
(AtCKS, CKS, KDSB, AT1G53000) are known to regulate defense responses against pathogens
CRYPTOCHROME 1 (ATCRY1, BLU1, CRY1, HY4, OOP2, AT4G08920) affects activation of local resistance
jasmonic acid (JA) treatment induces attraction in spider mites at 72 hours post-application spider mite attraction behavior Phaseolus lunatus
glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) is critical in coordinating defense Arabidopsis thaliana
SA concentration in leaves agroinfiltrated with EV was eight-fold higher than in mock-treated leaves Nicotiana benthamiana
jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is not required for extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (eATP)-mediated reinforcement of plant defense against Botrytis cinerea Arabidopsis thaliana
hormonal crosstalk may provide means for plants to integrate different volatile cues
hypersensitive necrosis response (HR) is major defense mechanism
pen mutants are compromised in penetration resistance to Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh) Arabidopsis thaliana
defense signaling in (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) (ATSYP122, SYP122, AT3G52400) indicates that multiple defense pathways are active in this mutant
(FMO1, AT1G19250) and ALD1-defined pathways contribute to phenotype independent of SA
jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway plays central role in controlling induced resistance of cultivated tomato to lepidopteran insects Solanum lycopersicum
Cotesia glomerata shows increased preference for volatiles from JA-treated plants within first hour after jasmonic acid application Brassica oleracea
plant recognition of potential pathogens activates signal transduction pathways
cellulose-binding elicitor lectin (CBEL) induces immune responses
root–root interactions is accompanied by enhanced accumulation in leaves of phytohormones implicated in defense Nicotiana tabacum
volatiles from herbivores can enhance plant defenses
allelopathic and immune responses have relationship between plant–plant interactions
maize plants growing in soil where microbial communities were previously conditioned by maize plants producing DIMBOA showed induction of defense hormones (SA and JA) Zea mays
plants detecting signals of danger from heterospecific neighbors boost their defense
cellulose is source of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
ZmPep family members promote jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET) production Zea mays
insect herbivore-produced elicitors elicit plant volatiles
jasmonic acid (JA) controls resistance against necrotrophic pathogens and insect herbivores
energetic status of light-driven chemical reactions is proposed mechanism for light regulation of defense responses
kinase activity plays central role in signalling during pathogen recognition Arabidopsis thaliana
fatty acid–amino acid conjugates (FACs) are potent defense elicitors in maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), soybean (Glycine max), Medicago, and many solanaceous species Zea mays; Oryza sativa; Glycine max; Medicago spp.; Solanaceae spp.
two diverse approaches expands current knowledge of maize genes involved in early signaling responses to defined herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) Zea mays
CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1, AT2G39940) is required for extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (eATP)-mediated reinforcement of plant defense against Botrytis cinerea Arabidopsis thaliana
volatile perception is mechanistically linked to hormonal signaling
cross talk between defense-related phytohormones involves ethylene signaling
microtubules (MTs) represent virulence target for pathogens to block secretion of antimicrobial compounds to the apoplast
neighboring plants detecting signals from attacked plants can activate their own defense system
silencing the SA pathway using mutations in genes for SA signal components does not fully rescue necrosis and dwarfism in the syntaxin double mutant
leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) gene, termed FAC SENSITIVITY ASSOCIATED (ZmFACS) is top candidate consistent with contributions to Gln-18:3 response sensitivity Zea mays
ZmPep family members promote volatile organic compound (VOC) emission Zea mays
noncanonical MR genes regulate rice resistance to Xoo by different mechanisms Oryza sativa
AVR2-mediated (DSK2, DSK2b, AT2G17200) activation might influence biotic stress defense
antagonistic interactions between Salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) enable fine-tuning of defense strategies against multiple pathogens
exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) promotes resistance in angiosperms
fatty acid–amino acid conjugates (FACs) have been dominant herbivore-associated molecular pattern (HAMP) studied in maize Zea mays
MAPK cascade components have been identified in multiple plant species
basal/R gene-mediated defense response is integrated with RNA silencing defense response
absence of volatiles has been associated with enhanced defense
priming can result from plant–plant communication
neighboring plants activating their own defense system can protect in case of future attacks
transcriptional profiling demonstrated that ZmPep3 is a more potent signal than Gln-18:3 Zea mays
function of Salicylic acid (SA) is conserved in bryophytes
cellulose-binding elicitor lectin (CBEL) induces necrosis
simultaneous and balanced production of NO and ROS is common event in plant defense response
principal component analysis (PCA) resulted in model explaining 73% total variation in volatile pattern Brassica oleracea
PLS-DA model extracted four (PLS, AT4G39403) components Brassica oleracea
pathogen recognition initiates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades
pathogen challenge or elicitation triggers salicylic acid-mediated redox changes Arabidopsis thaliana
NopT_GS0123 reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Robinia pseudoacacia
three transcription factor superfamilies are related to plant defense
Arabidopsis thaliana (ATCRY1, BLU1, CRY1, HY4, OOP2, AT4G08920) is involved in promoting R protein-mediated resistance to Pseudomonas syringae Arabidopsis thaliana
R gene-mediated resistance pathway may share downstream components with MAMP-triggered basal resistance pathway Arabidopsis thaliana
circumpolar dwarf birch (Betula (NANA, AT3G12700) ) is subject to herbivory-mimicking methyl jasmonate application Betula nana
phytohormones are key regulators of plant defense responses to pathogen and insect attacks
salicylic acid (SA) is defense hormone
Inoculation with Alternaria alternata elicits activation of ethylene signaling pathway Nicotiana attenuata
NopT_GS0123 reduced the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) Robinia pseudoacacia
phosphite (Phi) primes host defenses
cell death process is often associated with oxidative burst
control plants emit lowest amounts and number of volatile compounds Brassica oleracea
herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) are first defined biomolecules from insect oral secretions (OSs) that act as defense elicitors
ZmPep family members promote accumulation of transcripts encoding proteinase inhibitors and other defense proteins Zea mays
jasmonic acid (JA) is phytohormone implicated in defense
ureide allantoin has been shown to induce (ATMYC2, JAI1, JIN1, MYC2, RD22BP1, ZBF1, AT1G32640) Arabidopsis thaliana
ethylene (ET) plays a crucial role in regulating signaling pathways that up-regulate plant defense against insect attack
cellobiose is damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)
rapidly warming Arctic is context for insect herbivory as primary determinant of VOC emissions
gibberellic acid is implicated in plant defence signalling pathways
Ca2+ plays a role in activating oxidative burst
hypersensitive response (HR) formation is R gene-mediated resistance response Arabidopsis thaliana
SA levels at 5 DPI in leaves expressing candidate effectors were significantly lower than in EV Nicotiana benthamiana
Tu84 significantly suppressed PR4 induction only at 5 DPI by three-fold Nicotiana benthamiana