| increased abundance of photosynthetic ETC proteins |
increases |
overall photosynthetic electron flux |
Synechococcus spp. |
| redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PET) |
is |
important molecular checkpoint |
|
| change in yield between Φ PSII-100 and Fv/Fm at a given temperature |
reflects |
net balance of energy flow into and out of PSII |
Synechococcus spp. |
| low-potential heme, high-potential heme, and heme c n |
are all bound to |
cytochrome b 6 (PETB, ATCG00720) |
|
| plastocyanin (PC) |
contributes to |
electron transfer between photosystems |
|
| increased qE in (ADT3, PD1, AT2G27820) /4/5/6 |
resulted from |
higher ΔpH across the thylakoid membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DBMIB |
prevents cyclic electron flow and impairs oxidation of |
plastoquinone pool by cytochrome b6f complex |
Synechocystis |
| DNA rearrangements in chloroplast genome |
lead to |
severe photosynthetic electron transport chain (PET) imbalance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phycobilisome (PBS) association with photosystem I |
may increase |
cyclic electron flow |
Synechococcus spp. |
| PSI with large light-harvesting cross section |
favors |
oxidation of PQ pool |
Synechococcus spp. |
| excessive photon absorption |
leads to |
overreduction of the plastoquinone pool |
|
| stromal plastoquinone binding site |
is part of |
Q-cycle |
|
| predominant role of the cytochrome b 6 f complex (cyt-bf) in photosynthetic flux control |
was ultimately confirmed by |
antisense approach against the Rieske protein |
|
| impaired linear electron flux and pmf formation |
causes |
strongly reduced PSII acceptor side |
|
| DCMU infiltration |
causes absence of |
J-step in chlorophyll a fluorescence transients |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (PnsL1, PPL2, AT2G39470) |
is associated with |
NDH complex |
|
| temperature |
affects |
photosynthesis in Synechococcus spp. |
Synechococcus spp. |
| phycobilisome (PBS) association with photosystem II (PSII) |
increases |
flux of electrons into the electron transport chain (ETC) |
Synechococcus spp. |
| ciprofloxacin (CIP) treatment |
leads to |
decreased PET efficiency |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ptDNA rearrangements |
lead to |
modification of stoichiometry of PET components |
|
| Fe |
is required in large quantities for |
PSI |
Synechococcus spp. |
| plastoquinol reoxidation by the cytochrome b 6 f complex (cyt-bf) |
is almost one order of magnitude slower than |
other reactions of linear electron flux |
|
| At 250 µmol photons m –2 s –1, already after 3 d of induction |
linear electron flux declined significantly in |
young leaves |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| mitochondrial mutation affecting respiratory complex I |
rescues |
strong photosensitivity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells depleted of PGRL1 |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| phosphorus (P) deficiency |
increases |
electron transfer rate of photosystem I (PSI) under steady-state growth light |
Hordeum vulgare |
| phosphorylation of FNR |
might provide |
another level of regulation by determining whether cyclic or linear electron transfer flow is supplied with electrons |
|
| deletion of cyanobacterial (CRR23, NdhL, AT1G70760) in mutant strain M9 |
severely compromises |
activity of NDH-1 complex |
Cyanobacteria |
| balanced photosynthetic electron flow |
is affected by |
ratio of PSII and PSI |
Synechococcus spp. |
| photosystem I |
reduces TRXs via |
ferredoxin and ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ferredoxin |
is |
initial electron donor to ferredoxin-dependent thioredoxin reductase (FTR) |
|
| photosynthetic (AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) |
was evaluated exploiting |
carotenoid electrochromic shift signal (ECS) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| transmembrane potential signal (ECS) |
responds to activity of |
PSII and PSI |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| DCMU infiltration |
causes absence of |
I-step in chlorophyll a fluorescence transients |
Hordeum vulgare |
| mesophyll chloroplasts |
contain |
NDH complexes of circa 550 kDa |
Zea mays |
| cytochrome f subunit (PETA, ATCG00540) |
transfers electron to |
plastocyanin |
|
| carotenoid electrochromic shift signal (ECS) |
originates from |
transmembrane potential |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| P deficiency treatment |
causes depletion of |
I-step in chlorophyll a fluorescence transients |
Hordeum vulgare |
| first oxidation step |
generates |
semiquinone radical |
|
| plastoquinol reoxidation by the cytochrome b 6 f complex (cyt-bf) |
takes approximately |
5 ms |
|
| predominant role of the cytochrome b 6 f complex (cyt-bf) in photosynthetic flux control |
was ultimately confirmed by |
specific inhibition of cytochrome b 6 f complex (cyt-bf) activity |
|
| (CRR7, AT5G39210) mutant |
is deficient in |
NDH complex activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RNAi mutants with compromised cyt-bf |
have |
strongly impaired pmf formation |
|
| P deficiency treatment |
increases electron transfer rate through photosystem I in growth light but decreases with increasing light intensities compared to |
control plants |
Hordeum vulgare |
| NADP-thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC, AT2G41680) |
can utilize as alternative to |
photo-reduced Fd |
|
| maximum linear electron flux |
was indistinguishable between |
wild-type and transformant leaves prior to induction and in mature leaves after 7 and 14 d of induction |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| NDH complex |
forms supercomplex with |
photosystem I (PSI) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| psae1-3 mutant |
has markedly impaired |
photosynthetic electron flow |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| maximum ETRII |
well in line with |
predominant role of the cyt-bf in photosynthetic flux control |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| proton accumulation in the thylakoids |
causes |
lumen acidification |
Hordeum vulgare |
| cytochrome b 6 f complex (cyt-bf) |
is located in |
thylakoid membrane |
|
| plastoquinol reoxidation |
is |
bottleneck of linear electron flux |
|
| changes in incident light |
directly affect |
photosynthetic electron transport |
|
| (FKBP16-2, PnsL4, AT4G39710) |
is associated with |
NDH complex |
|
| IDH transformants |
exhibit unaltered |
chloroplastic electron transfer rate |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| reduced respiratory activity |
influences |
chloroplast electron transport |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| maximum capacity of linear electron transport (ETRII) |
a major effect was observed on |
RNAi induction |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| chloroplast protein PGRL1 |
depletion of causes |
strong photosensitivity |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| DCMU |
prevents |
QA− reoxidation |
|
| ftrV gene |
encodes |
ferredoxin–thioredoxin reductase (FTR) |
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 |
| TLP21/ (ATCYP20-2, CYP20-2, Pnsl5, AT5G13120) |
is associated with |
NDH complex |
|
| ferredoxin |
is |
major target of Fe deficiency |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| first electron |
is transferred via |
Rieske-2Fe2S-protein (PETC, PGR1, AT4G03280) |
|
| DCMU |
causes alterations in |
photosynthetic electron flux |
Synechocystis |
| plastocyanin |
diffuses to |
photosystem I (PSI) |
|
| maximum linear electron flux |
was strongly repressed in |
young leaves of the RNAi plants after 7 d of induction |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| electron transport in mature leaves |
runs with |
preexisting complexes |
|
| cytochrome b6f complex |
is |
major target of Fe deficiency |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PGRL1 mutant strain |
shows altered |
photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| Arabidopsis (CRR23, NdhL, AT1G70760) mutant |
is devoid of |
NDH activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutants of (NDF1, NDH48, PnsB1, AT1G15980) and (NDF2, NDH45, PnsB2, AT1G64770) genes |
show distinctively impaired |
NDH activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DBMIB infiltration |
causes absence of |
I-step in chlorophyll a fluorescence transients |
Hordeum vulgare |
| Iron (Fe) |
is essential for |
photosynthetic electron transport |
|
| FdCs |
may play a different role from |
Fds in photosynthetic electron transport |
|
| At 1,000 µmol photons m –2 s –1, young leaves of the RNAi lines |
displayed a significant decrease of linear electron flux capacity already after 3 d of induction |
linear electron flux capacity |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| PSI-light acclimation |
increases reduction of |
PQ pool |
|
| ferredoxin/thioredoxin reductase (FTR) |
is essential for |
transfer of electrons from photosynthetic electron transport chain to thioredoxins |
|
| photosystem II (PSII) |
is excited by light to produce |
electrons |
|
| photosystem II (PSII) |
is embedded in |
thylakoid membranes |
|
| developing im membranes |
are overreduced |
redox state |
|
| (NdhN, AT5G58260) mutant |
is deficient in |
NDH activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rapid reduction of the PSII acceptor side |
is consistent with |
strong repression of linear electron flux |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| comparable rates of linear electron flux |
in accordance with |
no significant differences in cyt-bf contents |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| No linear electron flux was measurable |
in |
both the (PETC, PGR1, AT4G03280) and the (PetM, AT2G26500) RNAi lines |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| regulation of electron transport reactions within photosynthetic complexes |
has |
seminal biological relevance |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| fraction of oxidized PSI in Ɗnd4pgrl1 |
reaches complete oxidation already under |
relatively dim illumination (150 µmol photons m −2 s −1 ) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| PsbQ-like |
is associated with |
NDH complex |
|
| (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) |
transports electrons to |
FNR to generate NADPH for carbon assimilation |
Oryza sativa |
| PSI activity of (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) |
is |
very low |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) |
is |
primary ferredoxin involved in photosynthetic electron transport in rice |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) |
is |
unique primary ferredoxin in rice |
Oryza sativa |
| relative electron transport rate (ETR) |
is indicated by |
in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence emission |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Cytc1 |
does not bind to |
thylakoid membrane |
|
| OsFdC2 |
cannot contribute electrons to |
FNR |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) plants |
have very low capacity of |
PSI |
Oryza sativa |
| Mehler reaction |
transfers electrons from |
photosystem I (PSI) |
|
| (AtPGR5, PGR5, AT2G05620) /PGRL1-dependent pathway of cyclic electron transport (CET) |
is |
major pathway of cyclic electron transport (CET) in C3 plants |
|
| photosynthetic Fd |
can accept photosynthetic electrons from |
photosystem I (PSI) |
|
| rice (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) |
can donate electrons to |
ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase |
Oryza sativa |
| AtFdC1 |
may alleviate |
photosystem I (PSI) acceptor limitation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decreased activity of PSII |
resulted in |
lower photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR) |
Oryza sativa |
| antenna organization in large PSII supercomplex |
would keep free |
path for plastoquinone to acceptor sites in PSII core complex |
Picea abies |
| Mehler reaction |
is only active when |
PSI is considerably reduced |
|
| electrons |
are transported through |
ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) |
|
| (NDF4, PnsB3, AT3G16250) |
is |
NDH complex subunit |
|
| (NDF6, PnsB4, AT1G18730) |
is |
NDH complex subunit |
|
| ΔFd1-1, ΔFd1-2 and ΔFd1-3 mutant proteins |
do not support photoreduction of |
cytochrome c |
Oryza sativa |
| cytochrome b6f (cytb6f) |
is embedded in |
thylakoid membranes |
|
| rice (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) |
can donate electrons from |
photosystem I (PSI) |
Oryza sativa |
| Mehler reaction |
is active when |
photosystem I (PSI) over-reduction occurs |
|
| plastoquinone (PQ) oxidation by the cytochrome b6f (cyt b6f) complex |
contributes to generation of |
trans-thylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH) |
|
| (FdC2, AT1G32550) |
does not transport electrons to |
FNR to generate NADPH |
Oryza sativa |
| one path of cyclic electron transport (CET) |
involves |
PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (AtPGR5, PGR5, AT2G05620) |
|
| loss of photosynthetic electron transport in Osfd1 mutants |
disrupted |
Calvin-Benson cycle |
Oryza sativa |
| WT (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) |
supports photoreduction of |
cytochrome c |
Oryza sativa |
| OsFdC2 |
could not transfer photosynthetic electrons from PSI to FNR |
photosynthetic electron transport to NADPH synthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| chloroplast |
contains |
chloroplast electron transport chain (cETC) |
|
| linear electron flux in mature leaves after 14 d of induction |
was as low as in |
young transformant leaves after 7 d of induction |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| linear electron flux decreased further until 7 d of induction |
in young leaves of the RNAi lines |
young leaves |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (IM, IM1, PTOX, AT4G22260) (plastoquinol terminal oxidase) |
participates in the control of |
thylakoid redox |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| electron sinks |
include |
malate valve |
|
| (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) mutants |
have significantly less |
NADPH in chloroplasts |
Oryza sativa |
| excessive reduction of PSI |
causes |
rate of production of H2O2 to be considerably enhanced |
|
| reduction of P700+ |
is usually rate-limiting in |
photosystem I (PSI) oxidation–reduction cycle |
|
| intersystem electron transport |
reduces |
P700+ |
|
| plastid terminal oxidase (IM, IM1, PTOX, AT4G22260) |
couples |
plastoquinone (PQ) oxidation |
|
| P700 oxidation system |
includes |
acceptor-side processes |
|
| severe overreduction of the PSI reaction center |
probably leads to |
enhanced rate of the Mehler reaction |
|
| linear electron transport in the chloroplast |
generates |
ATP |
|
| photosynthetic control |
inhibits |
electron transfer from photosystem II (PSII) to PSI |
|
| Thalassiosira pseudonana |
was used to examine |
oxidation kinetics of P700 |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| anaerobic increase in minimal fluorescence and J-level of fast fluorescence induction kinetics |
relaxed rapidly after reoxygenation or illumination with |
far-red (FR) light |
vascular plants |
| (AtPGR5, PGR5, AT2G05620) /PGRL1-dependent pathway of cyclic electron transport (CET) |
is sensitive to |
antimycin A (AA) |
|
| photosynthetic electron transport impairment in (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) mutant |
affected |
carbon assimilation |
Oryza sativa |
| functions of (ATFD3, FD3, AT2G27510) and Fd5 |
were not enough for |
sufficient photosynthetic electron transport |
Oryza sativa |
| potential electron transport rate (Jmax) |
showed significant decrease between WT and plants with |
78% (SBPASE, AT3G55800) activity |
|
| antisense (SBPASE, AT3G55800) plants |
may have increased ATP levels despite |
reduced photosynthetic electron transport |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| one path of cyclic electron transport (CET) |
involves |
PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1 (PGRL1) |
|
| cyclic electron transport (CET) |
contributes to |
trans-thylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH) |
|
| developing CASas leaves |
show reduced transcript level of |
(PETE1, AT1G76100) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| molecular oxygen |
is obligatory component for oxidation of |
plastoquinone (PQ) pool |
|
| transcriptional analysis |
is used to study |
potential relationship between (CaS, AT5G23060) and photosynthetic electron transport |
|
| persisting reduction of P700 under anaerobiosis |
is consistent with |
inactivation of PSI acceptor side due to accumulation of reduced pyridine nucleotides |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| far-red (FR) light illumination of anaerobic cells |
could not restore |
P700 oxidation during saturating light pulse |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| photosynthetic reductant |
is partitioned between |
linear, cyclic, and alternative electron flow pathways |
|
| reduction of plastoquinone (PQ) pool |
is deduced from drastic increase of |
J-level of fast fluorescence induction kinetics |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| ΦPSII parameter |
is related to |
rate of linear electron transport |
Oryza sativa |
| CC2803 mutant |
likely uses the hydrogenase system as |
electron valve during linear photosynthetic electron transport |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| Ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR) |
transfers electrons between |
ferredoxin and NADPH |
|
| release of strong electron pressure on plastoquinone (PQ) pool |
makes available |
oxidized electron acceptors at PSI |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| CO2 cannot be reductively assimilated without Rubisco |
results in diminished competition for |
electrons |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| γ = 0.55 under 80% blue light and γ = 0.65 under 40% blue light |
allows equation Jf = Jc to be met in |
non-photorespiratory conditions |
Platanus orientalis |
| reoxygenation |
immediately restores oxidation of |
P700 (reaction centre pigments of PSI) |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| activation of ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase (FNR) |
facilitates oxidation of |
P700 (reaction centre pigments of PSI) |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR) |
exhibits |
decreased steady-state transcript abundance in CAM-performing leaves |
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum |
| excitation distribution factor to PSII (intercept on y-axis of Laisk plot) |
dropped to 0.38 in |
Platanus leaves illuminated with 80% blue light |
Platanus orientalis |
| hydrogenase enzymes |
receive electrons from |
ferredoxin |
|
| α value (light absorbance factor) |
should not be largely affected by |
blue light |
Platanus orientalis; Nicotiana tabacum |
| Cyt b6f level |
was measured in planta by |
maximum electron transport rate |
Solanum tuberosum; Betula pendula; Helianthus annuus; Nicotiana tabacum |
| degree of leaf succulence |
is associated with progressive inhibition of |
PSII photochemistry |
Kalanchoë daigremontiana; Kalanchoë pinnata |
| red-light-induced stomatal opening responses |
are dependent on |
photosynthetic electron transport |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| cytochrome f |
is |
essential component of the major redox complex of the thylakoid membrane |
|
| Mehler reaction |
corresponds to less than 10% of |
total photosynthetic electron transport in C3 plants |
|
| antisense (SBPASE, AT3G55800) plants with activities reduced to 60% of WT |
show |
Fq'/Fm' values of 0.33 |
|
| water oxidation |
should be down-regulated when |
L-arginine oxidation and water oxidation represent alternative reactions |
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 |
| guard cell Fq'/Fm' |
is between 5–25% lower than |
mesophyll Fq'/Fm' |
|
| reductants imported into chloroplast stroma |
may lead to non-photochemical reduction of |
plastoquinone (PQ) pool |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| WT plants |
show |
Fq'/Fm' values of 0.41 |
|
| potential electron transport rate (Jmax) |
showed significant decrease between WT and plants with |
45% WT (SBPASE, AT3G55800) activity |
|
| maximal (AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) in CASas |
was ~70% of |
maximal (AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) in the wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ChspetA |
encodes |
cytochrome f protein |
Chlorella saccharophila |
| activation of Activase |
is somehow related to |
Cyt b6f content and PSI electron transport |
|
| electron transport rate measured by fluorescence (Jf) |
should equate |
Jc = 4×(A + Rd) |
Platanus orientalis |
| decarboxylation phase of CAM |
is marked by high, non-saturated |
electron transport rates |
Kalanchoë daigremontiana; Kalanchoë pinnata |
| older leaves |
tend to have greater reduction in |
Fq'/Fm' (quantum efficiency of PSII electron transport) |
|
| lack of CO2 |
diminishes competition for |
H+ and e- |
|
| decreased (SBPASE, AT3G55800) activity |
reduces |
quantum efficiency of PSII electron transport |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| antisense (SBPASE, AT3G55800) plants with activities reduced to 74% of WT |
show |
Fq'/Fm' values of 0.36 |
|
| Fe |
is required in large quantities for |
cytochrome b6f |
Synechococcus spp. |
| superoxide enhancement by light in why1why3polIb-1 |
further supports |
imbalance at the level of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PET) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SBPASE, AT3G55800) activity |
shows positive correlation with |
Fq'/Fm' (quantum efficiency of PSII electron transport) |
|
| equation Jc = 4×(A + Rd) |
was verified in |
C3 leaves exposed to 1% O2 under 0% blue light |
Platanus orientalis |
| Φ PSII value |
represents balance between |
light energy funneled into PSII reaction centers and electron flow away from PSII |
Synechococcus spp. |
| Fe |
is required in large quantities for |
PSII |
Synechococcus spp. |
| lower growth rates at suboptimal temperatures |
limit |
downstream electron flow |
Synechococcus spp. |
| two mutants T1-UV13 and T1-UV17 |
do not accumulate |
cytochrome f |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| RNAi lines |
show higher |
quantum yield of non-photochemical energy dissipation in PSI caused by limitation on the acceptor side, Y(NA) |
|
| NDH-CET activity in all three mutants |
was lower than |
NDH-CET activity in WT |
Synechocystis 6803 |
| (PSAA, ATCG00350) and (PSAB, ATCG00340) |
bind |
primary electron donor P700, primary acceptor A0, secondary acceptor A1, and [4Fe-4S] cluster Fx |
|
| CASas can decrease the (AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) and inhibit photosynthesis |
was demonstrated by |
electron transport rate measurement |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Mehler reaction |
has greater influence on |
linear electron flow compared with other genotypes and treatments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| divergence between Jf and Jc under increasing fractions of blue light |
was also observed in |
Zea mays (C4 plant) sampled under ambient O2 concentration |
Zea mays |
| photosystem I (PSI) content |
was assessed by |
titration with far-red light |
Solanum tuberosum; Betula pendula; Helianthus annuus; Nicotiana tabacum |
| inhibition of (CaS, AT5G23060) |
causes decrease of expression of |
photosynthetic electron transport-related genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| photosynthetic oxygen uptake |
can achieve |
up to 30% of total photosynthetic electron transport |
|
| photosystem I (PSI) |
reduces |
ferredoxin |
|
| thermal dissipation of excitation energy from photosystem II (PSII) |
is induced by |
electron transport |
|
| disturbance of photosynthetic electron transport system formation |
consequently reduces |
electron transport rate (ETR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PSAC, ATCG01060) subunit of PSI |
binds |
terminal electron acceptors FA and FB |
|
| quantum yield of non-photochemical energy dissipation in PSI caused by limitation on the donor side, Y(ND) |
was very low and largely unchanged in |
RNAi lines |
|
| inactivation of slr1097 |
impairs |
NDH-CET activity |
Synechocystis 6803 |
| reduced ferredoxin |
will be employed to reduce |
NADP+ to NADPH |
|
| decreased (AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) in CASas under WW conditions at low light intensity |
explains |
higher chlorophyll fluorescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| photosynthetic electron transport deficiency in CASas plants |
was further confirmed by determining |
PSII (AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inhibition of (CaS, AT5G23060) |
causes |
defective photosynthetic electron transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| developing CASas leaves |
show reduced transcript level of |
(OEC33, PSBO-2, PSBO2, AT3G50820) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| semiquinone radical |
transfers second electron via |
low-potential heme |
|
| plastoquinol reoxidation |
should play |
predominant role in photosynthetic flux control |
|
| artificial inhibition of electron transport using DCMU |
mimics |
restriction of electron transport at the level of PQ and PSI donor side limitation |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| fraction of oxidized PSI in Ɗnd4pgrl1 |
is clearly higher for |
Ɗnd4pgrl1 compared to wild type and Ɗnd4 |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| methyl viologen infiltration |
causes absence of |
I-step in chlorophyll a fluorescence transients |
Hordeum vulgare |
| P deficiency treatment |
significantly reduces |
linear electron flow under steady-state growth light |
Hordeum vulgare |
| redox state of thioredoxins (TRXs) in chloroplasts |
depends on |
electron pressure from photosystem I |
|
| From day 5 to 7 of induction |
only a minor further decline of linear electron flux occurred |
linear electron flux |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| P deficiency treatment |
lowers |
electron transfer rate through photosystem II |
Hordeum vulgare |
| partial deletion of (NDHI, ATCG01090) in -less mutant |
did not reduce so much |
amount of NDH-1L complex |
Synechocystis 6803 |
| inverse matching of changes in NPQ and F s |
suggested |
defect in photosynthetic electron transport in CASas plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pronounced changes in cytochrome b 6 f complex (cyt-bf) contents with light intensity |
closely correlate with |
linear electron flux capacity |
Pisum sativum; Nicotiana tabacum |
| P infiltration into P-deficient leaf segments |
causes rapid reversal of |
I-step depletion in OJIP transients |
Hordeum vulgare |
| DCMU |
displaces |
quinone acceptor QB from its binding site |
|
| (NDH-O, NdhO, AT1G74880) mutant |
is deficient in |
NDH activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PQ pool |
remained oxidized up to |
230 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 irradiance |
Synechococcus spp. |
| higher steady-state fluorescence (F') in cpld49 |
suggests |
constriction in electron transport downstream of PSII |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| ferredoxin (Fd) |
donates electrons to |
multiple redox enzymes |
|
| much lower protein density in grana margin (GM) |
is likely beneficial for |
easier diffusion of reduced PQ in GM |
|
| activity of Cyt b6f |
substantially controls |
rate of electron transport to PSI |
Pisum sativum |
| photodamage of PSII |
is |
inevitable side effect of PSII's precarious photochemistry |
|
| Cyt-bf |
is the predominant site of |
photosynthetic flux control |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| impaired plastoquinol oxidation at cytochrome b6f complex |
essentially restricts |
electron flow to photosystem I |
|
| PSII acceptor side |
was much more rapidly reduced with increasing light intensity than in |
wild type |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| P resupply treatment |
restores |
I-step in chlorophyll a fluorescence transients |
Hordeum vulgare |
| P infiltration into P-deficient leaf segments |
induces response in |
I-step of OJIP transients |
Hordeum vulgare |
| DBMIB |
tightly binds to |
cytochrome b6f complex |
|
| increased fraction of reduced plastoquinol |
indicates |
slower oxidation of plastoquinol at cytochrome b6f complex |
Hordeum vulgare |
| NDH complex |
participates in |
plastoquinone (PQ) reduction |
tobacco |
| ferredoxin |
is followed by reduction of |
NADP+ |
|
| DBMIB (2,5-dibromo-6-methyl-3-isopropyl-1,4-benzoquinone) treatment |
inhibits |
PET to cytochrome b6f complex |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| menaquinone–4 |
was found to function at |
A1 site in several oxygenic phototrophs |
|
| NdhI-less mutant |
showed impaired NDH-CET activity compared with |
WT |
Synechocystis 6803 |
| wild-type cc-4533 |
showed reduced only slightly |
effective PSI yield, Y(I) upon application of high light |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| wild-type cc-4533 and wild-type 137c cells |
showed characteristic waves in |
P700 kinetics |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| Tic62–FNR complex |
interacts with |
intrinsic transmembrane STR4 |
Pisum sativum |
| significant fraction of cyt b6f complexes localized in unstacked regions (GM and SL) |
implies that |
long-range diffusion of PQ is required to connect these cyt b6f complexes to PSII in grana core (GC) |
|
| FD protein |
abundance decreases in |
tobacco plants exposed to oxidative stress |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| significant reduction in (NDHI, ATCG01090) protein |
mainly resulted in |
instability and subsequent disassembly of NDH-1M complex |
Synechocystis 6803 |
| localization of Slr1097 and (CRR6, AT2G47910) in cytoplasm and stroma |
suggests that Slr1097 may play similar role to |
(CRR6, AT2G47910) as auxiliary factor in NDH-1 complex assembly |
Synechocystis 6803 |
| anaerobic conditions |
results in |
high reduction state of the electron transport chain |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| (AtPGR5, PGR5, AT2G05620) mutant grown under constant light (CL) |
could induce considerable |
Y(ND) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| photosystem II (PSII) |
is concentrated in |
stacked thylakoid domains |
|
| HL-induced accumulation of PQH2 mainly in grana membranes and of the oxidized PQ in stroma lamellae |
possibly due to |
lower diffusion capacity of the PQ pool within the membranes |
Pisum sativum |
| exact role of STR4–FNR and Tic62–FNR complexes |
is not yet fully understood |
|
Pisum sativum |
| extended C terminus of FdCs |
participates in the interaction with |
photosystem I (PSI) |
|
| OsFD1 |
participates in |
rice photosynthetic electron transport |
Oryza sativa |
| PSII reaction centers becoming reduced |
serves to decrease |
φ PSII |
Synechococcus spp. |
| why1why3polIb-1 mutations |
lead to |
decreased PET efficiency |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| any repression of cyt-bf content |
should directly compromise |
linear electron flux capacity |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| Arabidopsis and rice |
have |
different specific functions of ferredoxins |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa |
| AtFdC1 |
transports photosynthetic electrons from |
PSI to (ATHNIR, NIR, NIR1, AT2G15620) and (SIR, AT5G04590) in nitrogen and sulfur assimilation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) |
is |
important molecular checkpoint |
|
| (PETB, ATCG00720) (Cyt b6) |
is |
representative of Cyt b6f subunits |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| (AtPGR5, PGR5, AT2G05620) mutant |
demonstrated lower |
effective yield of PSI, Y(I) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| J–I–P phase |
is due to |
multiple effect of redox equilibrium of the PQ-pool mediated by Cyt b6f and complete reduction of electron acceptors of PSI |
Pisum sativum |
| two distinct known (CEF, AT3G44340) mechanisms |
involve |
interaction of PSI with the NDH and (AtPGR5, PGR5, AT2G05620) /PGRL1 complexes |
Pisum sativum |
| Cys60 in (FTRB, INAP1, AT2G04700) |
mediates |
interactions with Trx |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plastoquinone (PQ) |
is a candidate to fulfill |
role of long-range electron transport |
|
| C4S4M2-type PSII-LHCII megacomplex |
regulates |
plastoquinone occupancy in QB site |
|
| PSII and PSI |
control |
electron flow into and out of ETC |
Synechococcus spp. |
| excessive photon absorption |
leads to |
electron transfer to molecular oxygen |
|
| photosynthetic electron transport (PET) |
is involved in |
redox imbalance of why1why3polIb-1 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR)-associated plastid DNA (ptDNA) rearrangements |
impair |
photosynthetic electron transport (PET) photosynthetic capacity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| light response curves of qL |
revealed |
complete reduction of the PSII acceptor side already at the lowest light intensity |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| PBS channeling more energy into PSII |
increases |
photosynthetic electron flow |
Synechococcus spp. |
| ptDNA genes |
encode |
components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PET) |
|
| OsFD1 |
is |
primary ferredoxin in photosynthetic electron transport and carbon assimilation |
Oryza sativa |
| maintenance of plastid genome stability |
is crucial to ensure |
PET efficiency |
|
| plastid genome |
encodes |
many components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PET) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| effect of increases in photosynthetic ETC proteins on redox poise of ETC |
is less clear |
redox poise of ETC |
Synechococcus spp. |
| PET efficiency |
is negatively correlated with |
chloroplast ROS production |
|
| poor photosynthetic electron transport (PET) efficiency |
is due to |
plastid DNA (ptDNA) rearrangements |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| higher demand for reductant resulting from increased growth rates |
may serve to facilitate |
electron flow |
Synechococcus spp. |
| nitric oxide (NO) |
binding to PSII component QA Fe2+ QB decreases |
electron transfer rate between QA and QB |
|
| OsFD1 |
is |
primary photosynthetic electron transport protein in rice |
Oryza sativa |
| 2Fe–2S iron–sulfur cluster binding proteins |
are necessary for |
photosynthetic electron transport in algae and Arabidopsis |
|
| (FdC2, AT1G32550) |
transports electrons to |
other metabolic pathways |
Oryza sativa |
| menadione (vitamin K3) |
sustains |
A0→FX electron transfer in vitro |
|
| nitrogen dioxide (NO2) |
results in selective nitration of |
(MSP-1, OE33, OEE1, OEE33, PSBO-1, PSBO1, AT5G66570) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis mutants lacking PGR5-dependent cyclic electron flow |
were analyzed for |
ΔpH formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plastoquinone substitution for phylloquinone in PSI |
results in a reduction of |
whole ETC capacity by approximately 40% |
Synechocystis |
| phylloquinone-deficient Synechocystis mutants (menA, B, D and E) |
show that plastoquinone–9 functions at |
A1 site |
Synechocystis |
| photosystem I (PSI) |
catalyzes |
oxidation of plastocyanin and reduction of ferredoxin |
cyanobacteria; algae; plants |
| RNAi lines |
show lower |
effective photochemical quantum yield of PSI, Y(I) |
|
| (PETC, PGR1, AT4G03280) (Rieske iron-sulfur protein) |
is |
representative of Cyt b6f subunits |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| HL thylakoids |
showed |
slower J–I–P kinetics with respect to ML and LL plants |
Pisum sativum |
| electron transfer on the luminal side of PSI |
is enhanced at |
high irradiances |
Pisum sativum |
| peptides corresponding to B subunit of plastid NDH dehydrogenase complexes |
were identified in |
assembled and active plastid NDH dehydrogenase complexes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sufficient level of (NDHI, ATCG01090) protein |
appears to be not essential for |
efficient assembly of NDH-1L complex |
Synechocystis 6803 |
| nitration of (MSP-1, OE33, OEE1, OEE33, PSBO-1, PSBO1, AT5G66570) |
is responsible for |
decreased oxygen evolution from thylakoid membranes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Y(ND) in RNAi lines |
indicates |
no difference in limitation on the donor side between WT and the RNAi lines |
|
| diverse benzo-, naphtho- and anthraquinones and quinonoids |
bind to |
A1 site of PSI |
|
| GGR-deficient mutants of oxygenic phototrophs |
have |
active ETCs |
|
| Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
lacks |
photosynthetic ndh genes |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| cpld49 mutant |
exhibited strongly diminished levels of |
Cyt b6f subunits |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| nitrogen starvation |
causes down-regulation of |
genes encoding photosynthetic electron transport |
|
| (PETB, ATCG00720) and (PETD, ATCG00730) chloroplast genes |
encode |
cytochrome b6 and subunit IV partners of cytochrome f |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| photosynthetic electron transport inhibitors |
inhibits |
selective nitration of (MSP-1, OE33, OEE1, OEE33, PSBO-1, PSBO1, AT5G66570) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| selective oxidation mechanism for 9Tyr of (MSP-1, OE33, OEE1, OEE33, PSBO-1, PSBO1, AT5G66570) |
is required for |
protein nitration of (MSP-1, OE33, OEE1, OEE33, PSBO-1, PSBO1, AT5G66570) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P700 re-oxidation in ∆ slr1097 |
was still relatively slow compared with |
P700 re-oxidation in M55 mutant |
Synechocystis 6803 |
| P700 re-oxidation |
was markedly faster in |
∆ slr1097 compared with WT |
Synechocystis 6803 |
| (PSAC, ATCG01060) subunit of PSI |
participates in transfer of electrons to |
ferredoxin |
|
| lumen acidification |
is supported by |
disappearance of S-M phase in extended chlorophyll a fluorescence transients |
Hordeum vulgare |
| P deficiency treatment |
shows no differences in |
electron transfer rate through photosystem I in low light |
Hordeum vulgare |
| P deficiency treatment |
does not increase |
P700+ reduction kinetics in high-light conditions |
Hordeum vulgare |
| cytochrome b 6 (PETB, ATCG00720) |
transfers electron to |
stromal plastoquinone binding site |
|
| alternative electron transports independent from PSII |
were found more active in |
Ɗnd4pgrl1 double mutant |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| P deficiency treatment |
confirms that electron flow to photosystem I is severely reduced in |
P-deficient plants under increasing light intensity |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (FdC2, AT1G32550) |
may transport photosynthetic electrons from |
PSI to other ferredoxin-dependent metabolic pathways |
Oryza sativa |
| P700 oxidation |
produces |
P700+ |
|
| other path of cyclic electron transport (CET) |
involves |
NADH dehydrogenase-like complex |
|
| (CRR31, NdhS, AT4G23890) |
forms |
ferredoxin (Fd)-binding site in PSI |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Cyt f (PETA, ATCG00540) |
harbors |
one c-type heme (cf, heme f) |
|
| first electron |
is transferred via |
cytochrome f subunit (PETA, ATCG00540) |
|
| reduced cyt-bf contents |
well in agreement with |
reduced linear electron flux capacity, impaired pmf formation, and impaired nonphotochemical quenching |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| PSII reaction centers maintained in oxidized state |
occurs even as |
PBS funnels more excitation energy into PSII |
Synechococcus spp. |
| very high protein packing densities (macromolecular crowding) |
causes |
severe restriction in long-range diffusion of PQ |
|
| cytochrome b 6 f complex (cyt-bf) |
is usually present in or at maximum stoichiometric amounts relative to |
both photosystems |
|
| oxidizing conditions |
prevail when photosynthetic electron transport is |
decreased under limiting light or stress conditions or in the dark |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CRR3, AT2G01590) mutant |
is isolated based on incapability of |
transient increase in chlorophyll fluorescence after turning off actinic light |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| semiquinone radical |
transfers second electron via |
high-potential heme |
|
| methyl viologen |
bypasses |
transient block imposed by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase during dark adaptation |
|
| (PetM, AT2G26500) RNAi transformants |
in young leaves strongly represses |
linear electron transport capacity |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| DBMIB |
prevents electron transport from |
plastoquinol to photosystem I |
|
| higher abundance of electron acceptors downstream of PSII and higher demand for reductant |
may serve to maintain |
PSII reaction centers in oxidized state |
Synechococcus spp. |
| (PETC, PGR1, AT4G03280) RNAi plants |
repression of linear electron flux was expected in |
case of the (PETC, PGR1, AT4G03280) RNAi plants |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| plastoquinone (PQ) as limiting step |
causes |
donor side limitation to PSI |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| enhanced electron flow through photosystem I (PSI) |
increases |
NADPH levels |
Hordeum vulgare |
| plastid DNA (ptDNA) rearrangements |
negatively impact |
photosynthetic electron transport (PET) performance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcription of FTR–TRX genes |
is regulated via |
photosynthetic electron transport (PET) between both photosystems |
Synechocystis |
| DCMU |
blocks electron flow between |
PSII and plastoquinone pool |
Synechocystis |
| plastocyanin (PC) |
is essential for |
higher plant electron transport and survival |
plants |
| Synechocystis |
has genome with gene expression analyzed under |
photosynthetic electron transport inhibitor DCMU |
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 |
| OsFd1 and OsFdC2 |
may be involved in |
rice photosynthetic electron transport |
Oryza sativa |
| ΔFd1-1, ΔFd1-2 and ΔFd1-3 mutant proteins |
do not support photoreduction of |
NADP+ |
Oryza sativa |
| fully functional ETC in Δ chlP mutant |
indicates |
highly active PSI |
Synechocystis |
| instability and disassembly of NDH-1M complex |
impairs |
NDH-CET activity |
Synechocystis 6803 |
| deletion of ndhB |
resulted in complete collapse of |
NDH-1L and NDH-1M complexes in thylakoid membranes |
Synechocystis 6803 |
| P700 oxidation system |
includes |
donor-side processes |
|
| complete oxidation of PSI in Ɗnd4pgrl1 |
suggests that |
PSI electron transport is strongly limited from its donor side |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| P deficiency treatment |
shows no differences in |
electron transfer rate through photosystem II in low light |
Hordeum vulgare |
| P deficiency treatment |
increases |
fraction of reduced plastoquinol |
Hordeum vulgare |
| thioredoxins in plastids |
are reduced via |
ferredoxin/thioredoxin reductase (FTR) system |
|
| alternative electron transports independent from PSII |
were found more active in Ɗnd4pgrl1 both at |
control light (CL) and high light (HL) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| DBMIB |
prevents |
plastoquinol reoxidation |
|
| After 5 d of induction |
linear electron flux was repressed to less than 20% of |
wild-type capacity in both (PetM, AT2G26500) and (PETC, PGR1, AT4G03280) RNAi lines |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| cytochrome b 6 f complex (cyt-bf) |
oxidizes |
plastoquinol |
|
| HL contribution of AEF in Ɗnd4pgrl1 |
reached approximately 50% of |
total electron flow (TEF) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| (AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) in Ɗnd4pgrl1 |
is easily saturated at the level of |
plastoquinone (PQ) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| bundle sheath chloroplasts |
contain |
NDH complexes of circa 1100 kDa |
Zea mays |
| DBMIB |
causes alterations in |
photosynthetic electron flux |
Synechocystis |
| reduced respiratory activity |
causes |
donor-side limitation of photosystem I (PSI) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| psad1-1 mutant |
has markedly impaired |
photosynthetic electron flow |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P deficiency treatment |
markedly increases |
P700+ reduction kinetics in growth light |
Hordeum vulgare |
| R-5-P+ADP+Pi-dependent CO2 fixation activity |
confirmed presence of |
fully functional components of photosynthetic electron transport |
Synechocystis 6803 |
| third sub-complex |
contains |
PSI complex |
|
| cytochrome b 6 f complex (cyt-bf) |
functions as |
plastoquinol-plastocyanin oxidoreductase |
|
| low pmf formation across the thylakoid membrane of young transformant leaves after 7 d of induction |
correlates well with |
specific loss of the cyt-bf |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| plastoquinol oxidation |
occurs at |
luminal plastoquinol-binding side (Q p site) |
|
| predominant function of the cyt-bf in photosynthetic flux control in all measured plants and developmental states |
is also supported by |
enzymatic turnover numbers of the cyt-bf |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| reduced respiratory activity |
causes |
overreduction of plastoquinone |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| total and alternative electron flows (TEF and AEF) |
were increased in all genotypes in response to |
high light (HL) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| wild-type Arabidopsis |
has |
I-step in chlorophyll a fluorescence transients |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| translocation of protons across membrane |
generates |
proton electrochemical potential gradient necessary for ATP synthesis |
|
| S-dep Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells during H2 production |
exhibit |
transient wave phenomenon in the flash-induced fluorescence decay kinetics |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| electron carrier function of PC from Cyt b6f to PSI |
and its slower diffusion rate compared with PQ |
PQ operates between PSII and Cyt b6f |
Pisum sativum |
| (AtTic62, Tic62, AT3G18890) less abundant than STR4 at moderate illumination |
may play |
additional role as a FNR stabilizer |
Pisum sativum |
| (PETC, PGR1, AT4G03280) RNAi transformants |
in young leaves strongly represses |
linear electron transport capacity |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| methyl viologen |
strongly competes with ferredoxin for electrons from |
FeS clusters in photosystem I |
|
| flv mutants grown at constant light (CL 20) |
showed significantly lower |
effective PSII yield, Y(II) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| ATPase |
utilizes |
ΔpH for the generation of ATP |
Pisum sativum |
| PGRL1 |
interacts with |
(AtPGR5, PGR5, AT2G05620) |
|
| ferredoxin (Fd) |
is |
first acceptor of electrons from photosystem I |
|
| FNR |
plays role in |
linear photosynthetic electron transport |
|
| iron (Fe) deficiency |
results in |
failures in photosynthetic electron transport |
|
| semiquinone radical |
may transfer second electron via |
heme c n |
|
| ATP synthase activity inhibition |
causes |
proton accumulation in the thylakoids |
Hordeum vulgare |
| Synechocystis |
has genome with gene expression analyzed under |
photosynthetic electron transport inhibitor DBMIB |
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 |
| (NDF6, PnsB4, AT1G18730) mutant |
lacks |
NDH activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pyg7-2 mutant |
shows blocked |
electron transport downstream of PSII |
|
| RNAi lines (i1, i6, and i8) |
show a corresponding decrease in |
light-induced P700 absorbance upon illumination at 820 nm (ΔAmax) |
|
| NDH complex |
forms supercomplex with |
PSI−LHCI |
Physcomitrella |
| increasing incident excitation energy |
had marked impact on |
electron transport of cpld49 mutant |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| (CEF, AT3G44340) |
is thought to account for |
about 10–15% of the overall electron transport |
Pisum sativum |
| NDH-dependent (CEF, AT3G44340) |
has been thought to |
make a minor contribution to electron transport |
Pisum sativum |
| grana margin |
is enriched with |
cytochrome b6f complex |
|
| long-range diffusion-dependent electron transport |
is required to maintain |
linear electron transport from water (PSII) to ferredoxin/NADP+ |
|
| insertion of paromomycin resistance cassette into flvB gene |
resulted in elimination of |
FLVB |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| slower J–I–P kinetics in HL |
may reflect |
lower diffusion capacity of the PQ pool within the membranes |
Pisum sativum |
| LEF |
also increased at |
high irradiances |
Pisum sativum |
| lower protein density |
would also be beneficial for |
efficient encounters between PQ and cyt b6f complexes in GM by random walk diffusion |
|
| excitation pressure of PSII |
is |
important molecular checkpoint |
|
| ptDNA rearrangements |
will invariably affect |
ptDNA genes encoding PET components |
|
| redox state–controlled binding of Plastocyanin (Pc) with its partners |
is critical for avoiding formation of |
unproductive electron transport complex |
|
| plant NDH–PSI supercomplex |
is |
example of supramolecular apparatus |
|
| large supercomplex containing PSI, Cyt b6f, FNR, PGRL1, LHCI, and LHCII |
was isolated from |
Chlamydomonas |
Chlamydomonas |
| polymyxin B |
is inhibitor of |
type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDA2, AT2G29990) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| PpPPR_66 knockout mutants |
accumulate at similar levels as wild-type |
cytochrome f of cytochrome b6f complex |
Physcomitrella patens |
| (CRR31, NdhS, AT4G23890) and PsaE |
form |
ferredoxin (Fd)-binding site in PSI |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| photosynthetic electron transport |
is classified into |
linear electron transport/flow (LET/LEF) and cyclic electron transport/flow (CET/ (CEF, AT3G44340) ) |
|
| Cyt b6f complex |
structure in complex with |
Pc or Cc6 |
|
| (AtPGR5, PGR5, AT2G05620) mutant |
showed high |
acceptor-side limitation of PSI, Y(NA) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| O–J phase |
reflects |
reduction of the site QA in PSII |
Pisum sativum |
| very high protein packing densities (macromolecular crowding) in the thylakoid lumen |
causes |
severe restriction in long-range diffusion of PC |
|
| (AtTic62, Tic62, AT3G18890) and STR4 |
respectively bind FNR in a stoichiometric ratio of about |
1:3 and about 1:1 |
Pisum sativum |
| D1 and D2 |
are |
heterodimeric reaction center proteins |
|
| Δnda2 mutant |
lacks |
type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDA2, AT2G29990) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| linear electron flow (LEF) |
is mediated by |
stromal soluble ferredoxin (Fd) and ferredoxin NADP oxidoreductase (FNR) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| rotenone A |
has no effect on |
formation of the fluorescence wave |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| Δnda2 mutant |
showed no fluorescence wave feature even after |
>100 h of S-dep |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| low values of qL |
indicated |
strong reduction of the primary electron-accepting plastoquinone of PSII |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| loss of the small plastome-encoded L subunit in mature leaves |
causes accelerated loss of |
linear electron flux |
|
| DCMU |
blocks |
electron transfer downstream of photosystem II |
|
| psad1-1 mutant |
essentially lacks |
I-step in chlorophyll a fluorescence transients |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| menaquinone–4 |
is |
fully functional analog of phylloquinone |
|
| molecular oxygen |
did not function as alternative electron acceptor at |
photosystem I (PSI) |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| PSI–LHCI–NDH complexes |
should be |
relatively small fraction of thylakoid proteins |
Pisum sativum |
| plastocyanin (PC) |
is a candidate to fulfill |
role of long-range electron transport |
|
| severe restriction in long-range diffusion |
is reported for |
dark-adapted plants |
|
| restricted availability of PSI electron acceptors |
regulates |
LEF |
|
| (AtPGR5, PGR5, AT2G05620) mutant |
could not generate |
donor-side limitation of PSI, Y(ND) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| accumulation of the LEF-related proteins Fd-NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR), (AtTic62, Tic62, AT3G18890) and STR4 |
depicts |
LEF increased at high irradiances |
Pisum sativum |
| FNR protein |
interacts with |
(AtTic62, Tic62, AT3G18890) |
Pisum sativum |
| grana margins |
are more involved in |
cytochrome b6f-dependent electron transport |
|
| (ATFD4, FD4, AT5G10000) |
may prevent it from effectively donating electrons to |
ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtFdC1 in non-photosynthetic tissues |
may allow it to receive electrons from |
FNR |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proton motive force (pmf) across the thylakoid membrane |
was strongly decreased in |
young leaves of the RNAi lines after 7 d of induction |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| oxidization of PSI (P 700 + /total P 700 ratio) |
was estimated by |
illuminated cells |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| TRXs |
are reduced in the light by |
photosystem I |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ferredoxin–thioredoxin reductase (FTR) |
is part of |
ferredoxin–thioredoxin system |
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 |
| higher abundance of electron acceptors downstream of PSII |
may serve to facilitate |
electron flow |
Synechococcus spp. |
| high-light (HL) stress |
enhances production of |
H2O2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inhibition of Mehler reaction |
could contribute to sustained reduction of |
P700 (reaction centre pigments of PSI) |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| semiquinone radical |
acts as |
strong reductant |
|
| Q a in Ɗnd4pgrl1 |
is very easily reduced even using |
dim light |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| NDH complex |
participates in |
cyclic electron transport (CET) |
tobacco |
| FNR |
is an Fd-dependent gene |
Fd-dependent metabolic pathway |
Oryza sativa |
| AtFdC1 |
is considered to function as |
replacement electron acceptor at PSI in the absence of (ATFD2, FD2, FED A, AT1G60950) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATFD2, FD2, FED A, AT1G60950) |
encodes |
main leaf-type ferredoxin in Arabidopsis thaliana |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) and (FdC2, AT1G32550) |
play important, differing roles in |
regulating the distribution of photosynthetic electrons to downstream metabolic pathways |
Oryza sativa |
| (NDH-M, NdhM, AT4G37925) mutant |
is deficient in |
NDH activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (NDF2, NDH45, PnsB2, AT1G64770) |
is |
NDH complex subunit |
|
| RNAi mutants with compromised cyt-bf |
have |
strongly impaired linear electron flux |
|
| (FdC2, AT1G32550) |
accepts photosynthetic electrons from |
PSI |
Oryza sativa |
| acceptor-side of photosystem I (PSI) |
contains |
electron sinks |
|
| photosynthetic Fd |
donate electrons to |
downstream Fd-dependent metabolic processes |
|
| OsFdC2 |
does not support photoreduction of |
NADP+ |
Oryza sativa |
| OsFdC1 |
can transport photosynthetic electrons from |
PSI to FNR to generate NADPH |
Oryza sativa |
| NADPH generated by the light reaction |
can be used in |
Calvin–Benson cycle for carbon assimilation |
Oryza sativa |
| anaerobic conditions |
were used to manipulate |
redox state of photosynthetic electron transport chain during darkness |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| flv mutants |
demonstrated dramatic decline in |
Y(I) upon application of high light |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| pseudocyclic and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport |
can generate |
additional ATP |
|
| ferredoxin (Fd) |
have crucial roles in the regulation of the distribution of photosynthetic electrons to |
downstream enzymes that require electrons |
|
| OsFD1 |
supports photoreduction of |
cytochrome c |
Oryza sativa |
| AtFdC1 |
functions under |
high electron pressure to reduce PSI acceptor limitation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (IM, IM1, PTOX, AT4G22260) |
is strongly attached to |
thylakoid membranes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| addition of MBP–OsPTOX |
has little effect on |
fluorescence induction at pH 6.5 |
Spinacia oleracea |
| chloroplasts in higher plants |
have |
several electron flows different from linear electron flow (LEF) |
|
| (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) |
is |
leaf-type ferredoxin |
Oryza sativa |
| photosystem I (PSI) |
is embedded in |
thylakoid membranes |
|
| (HCF164, AT4G37200) |
is involved in |
transducing reducing equivalents to proteins in the thylakoid lumen |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants |
were dark-adapted for 15 min prior to measurement |
PSII centers |
|
| DCMU |
blocks binding of |
primary quinone electron acceptor (QA) to PSII |
|
| high levels of 1O2 |
interact with |
plastoquinol |
|
| WT (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) |
supports photoreduction of |
NADP+ |
Oryza sativa |
| addition of MBP–OsPTOX |
affects |
fluorescence induction at pH 8.0 |
Spinacia oleracea |
| PSI–NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) supercomplex |
contains |
NDH complex subcomplexes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high (IM, IM1, PTOX, AT4G22260) activity |
is expected to result in low reduction state of |
PQ pool |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| FDX1 (also called PETF) (Cre14.g626700) |
encodes |
ferredoxin |
Chlamydomonas |
| electrons |
are transported through |
ferredoxin (Fd) |
|
| (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) and (FdC2, AT1G32550) |
show major differences |
between them |
Oryza sativa |
| OsFdC2 |
can accept electrons from |
PSI |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATFD2, FD2, FED A, AT1G60950) |
is |
main leaf-type ferredoxin in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| psae1-3 mutant |
essentially lacks |
I-step in chlorophyll a fluorescence transients |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lumen acidification |
is associated with |
attenuation of electron flow from photosystem II to photosystem I |
Hordeum vulgare |
| cytochrome b 6 f complex (cyt-bf) |
reduces |
plastocyanin |
|
| ADT mutants |
show significantly decreased rates of |
linear electron flux (ΦII) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glucose |
causes alterations in |
photosynthetic electron flux |
Synechocystis |
| (NDH-M, NdhM, AT4G37925) (NdhN, AT5G58260) (NDH-O, NdhO, AT1G74880) mutants |
lack |
transient fluorescence rise after turning off actinic light |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| electrons |
are transported through |
photosystem I (PSI) complex |
|
| paraquat (PQ) |
diverts electrons from |
Photosystem I (PS I) |
|
| changes in incident light |
can dramatically reduce |
efficiency of photosynthetic electron transport |
|
| reactions in cyt-bf |
occur at |
much more moderate redox potentials than oxygen evolution in PSII |
|
| NDH–CEF chain |
shares |
considerable number of features with respiratory ETC |
|
| electron carriers between complexes |
are similar in |
photosynthetic ETC and respiratory ETC |
|
| remaining PSII centers with empty QB site |
show |
slow fluorescence decay with a t1/2 of 30–80 ms |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| another electron transfer pathway, not involving the NDH1 complex |
must be relevant in |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| proton motive force |
is important for |
strong attachment of (IM, IM1, PTOX, AT4G22260) to thylakoid membranes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cyclic electron transfer ferredoxin plastoquinone reductase (FQR) reaction |
occurs around |
photosystem I (PSI) |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| heme cn |
might accept electrons directly from |
Fd/FNR at stromal side |
|
| large protein complexes |
are further assembled into |
supramolecular machineries |
|
| fluorescence wave phenomenon |
is sensitive probe for |
complex network of redox reactions at plastoquinone (PQ) pool level in thylakoid membrane |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| oxidation of the PQ pool by PSI |
is inhibited by |
addition of DBMIB |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| NO |
reversibly inhibits |
ATP synthesis |
Spinacia oleracea |