| manipulation of bacterial community diversity |
can enhance |
resistance of resident bacterial communities to pathogen invasion |
|
| (AtbZIP, bZIP, AT1G68880) transcription factor |
is involved in |
regulation of pathogen defense |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| G-box-binding factor 1 (AtGBF1, GBF1, AT4G36730) |
positively regulates |
PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (ATPAD4, PAD4, AT3G52430) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| interconduit pit membranes |
are assumed to serve as |
barriers to pathogen movement between vessels and tracheids |
|
| flavonoids |
deposition improves |
plant response to pathogen invasion |
|
| ERF transcription factor family |
is conserved in |
multiple plant species |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; Solanum lycopersicum; Nicotiana tabacum; Capsicum annuum |
| ERF transcription factor family |
is key regulator of |
resistance against pathogen attack |
|
| specific taxa of beneficial microorganisms |
can protect plants against |
pathogens |
|
| MPK-ERF regulatory module |
is conserved in |
tomato |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (MED8, AT2G03070) and FAMA |
participate in |
plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea |
|
| AMF inoculation on hemibiotrophic pathogens |
significantly decreases |
disease impact from hemibiotrophic pathogens |
|
| AMF inoculation |
significantly decreases |
average disease severity |
|
| (ML3, AT5G23820) mutants |
show increased spreading of |
necrosis away from site of infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (COI1, AT2G39940) mutants |
are characterized by |
loss of defense responses to pathogens |
|
| plant cell walls (PCW) |
serve as |
passive physical barrier to block pathogen invasion |
|
| AMF inoculation on fungal pathogens |
marginally decreases |
disease impact from fungal pathogens |
|
| Funneliformis mosseae treatment in Elymus nutans |
significantly decreases |
disease severity in Elymus nutans |
Elymus nutans |
| anp mutants |
lack protection against |
Botrytis cinerea |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of wild-type (ANP3, AtANP3, MAPKKK12, NP3, AT3G06030) gene |
rescues |
defective protection of (ANP2, MAPKKK2, NP2, AT1G54960) (ANP3, AtANP3, MAPKKK12, NP3, AT3G06030) double mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene production |
is stimulated by |
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) |
Lotus japonicus |
| loss-of-function for (DLO1, AT4G10500) |
increases resistance to |
pathogens |
|
| AMF inoculation on viral pathogens |
does not decrease |
disease impact from viral pathogens |
|
| (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) /6-ERF72 regulatory module |
plays important function in |
pathogen defense in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phosphorylation of transcription factors by MPKs |
is demonstrated in |
regulation of pathogen resistance |
|
| glycosyl hydrolase (GH) activity |
is required for |
defense against pathogens by cleaving targets in the microbial cell wall |
|
| (ATBI-1, ATBI1, BI-1, BI1, AT5G47120) |
contributes to resistance to |
Botrytis cinerea |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AMF inoculation on bacterial pathogens |
marginally decreases |
disease impact from bacterial pathogens |
|
| heat shock transcription factors |
regulate |
expression of PLANT DEFENSIN 1.2 (LCR77, PDF1.2, PDF1.2A, AT5G44420) |
|
| pad3-1 mutant |
possesses |
enhanced susceptibility to Alternaria brassicicola |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased copy numbers of related genes or gene clusters |
have conferred |
enhanced defense against pathogens |
|
| (ATBI-1, ATBI1, BI-1, BI1, AT5G47120) |
contributes to resistance to |
Puccinia striiformis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ERF transcription factor family |
is key regulator of |
resistance against pathogen attack in different plants |
|
| (ML3, AT5G23820) |
has |
role in pathogen response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) /6-ERF6 regulatory module |
plays important function in |
pathogen defense in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (NCH1, NRL31, SR1IP1, AT5G67385) |
is involved in |
pathogen resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| avenacins |
protect roots from infection by |
soil-borne pathogens |
|
| WHY proteins |
have been assigned roles in |
pathogen response |
|
| (ATBI-1, ATBI1, BI-1, BI1, AT5G47120) |
contributes to resistance to |
Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MRK1, RAF26, and RAF39 |
have redundant roles in |
resistance to bacterial pathogen |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AMF inoculation on oomycete pathogens |
marginally decreases |
disease impact from oomycete pathogens |
|
| mixed-strain AMF treatment in Glycine max |
decreases |
disease severity in Glycine max |
Glycine max |
| (BTS, EMB2454, AT3G18290) orthologs |
inhibits |
Tobacco mosaic virus infection |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| expression of wild-type ANP gene under native promoter |
rescues |
defective protection phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary plant cell wall |
functions as |
primary barrier against pathogens |
|
| (OCP3, AT5G11270) mutant |
shows enhanced resistance to |
Botrytis cinerea |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bacterial resource competition networks |
can enhance |
resistance of resident bacterial communities to pathogen invasion |
|
| comparative RNA sequencing |
reveals |
pathogen defense-related genes show higher expression in Arabidopsis |
Schrenkiella parvula; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene production |
is stimulated by |
flg22 peptide |
Lotus japonicus |
| primary wall |
is specifically designed to provide |
rigid barrier against pathogenic intrusions |
|
| (OCP3, AT5G11270) mutant |
shows enhanced resistance to |
Pectobacterium cucumerina |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CaPMEI1 |
shows |
antifungal activities |
Capsicum annuum |
| lignin |
protects from degradation by |
invading microbial pathogens |
|
| (ATWRKY40, WRKY40, AT1G80840) (ATWRKY18, WRKY18, AT4G31800) and (ATWRKY60, WRKY60, AT2G25000) |
play partial redundant functions in |
plant responses to pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 6 |
is required for |
elicitor-induced resistance to Botrytis cinerea |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C6-esters |
are less involved in |
direct defense against Botrytis cinerea |
|
| phb3-3 mutant |
is hypersusceptible to |
Pst/AvrRpm1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flg22 |
induces protection against |
Botrytis cinerea |
|
| sulforaphane (SFN) |
directly inhibits |
Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| oxidation and accumulation of glutathione |
may be transient event that plays role in |
signaling linked to pathogen infection |
|
| altered physicochemical properties of cell wall |
impairs ability of |
Verticillium dahliae to grow on methyl esterified pectin |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| (AT-HSFB2B, HSF7, HSFB2B, AT4G11660) single mutant |
shows significantly improved |
pathogen resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATNPR1, NIM1, NPR1, SAI1, AT1G64280) protein |
plays important role in |
induction of pathogenesis-related genes |
|
| tomatoes grown under elevated CO2 |
show |
enhanced resistance to Phytophthora parasitica |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| GhPMEI3 |
exhibits antifungal activity against |
Botrytis cinerea |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) at damaged tissues |
participate in |
direct plant defense |
|
| defensin expression |
correlates with |
pathogen resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DOES NOT RESPOND TO NUCLEOTIDES 1 (DORN1, LecRK-I.9, P2K1, AT5G60300) |
plays an important role in |
fungal pathogen resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (BIK1, AT2G39660) |
is highly induced by |
pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| higher degree of methylation (DM) of pectins in transgenic plants |
hampers activity of |
VdPG1 produced by Verticillium dahliae |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ectopic expression of (ROXY1, AT3G02000) /2 and OsROXY1/2 |
demonstrates enhanced susceptibility to |
Botrytis cinerea |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis plants with reduced SA production |
exhibit enhanced susceptibility to |
virulent and avirulent pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| coi1-1 mutant |
is |
established mutant of P. syringae pathogen response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsVAMP714 |
plays role in |
resistance to rice blast disease |
Oryza sativa |
| reactions of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety with biological molecules |
eliminate |
intrinsic functions of biological molecules |
|
| induced defense responses against pathogen invasion |
are closely associated with |
increase in cellular level of NO |
|
| avenacin |
disrupts pathogen membranes by forming complexes with |
membrane sterols |
Avena sativa |
| bundle-sheath cells (BSCs) in response to chitin in xylem stream |
restrict |
movement of water into xylem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bundle-sheath cells (BSCs) in response to chitin in xylem stream |
protect against |
additional pathogen entry by closing stomata via hydraulic signal |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPEX5, EMB2790, PEX5, AT5G56290) peroxisome receptor |
is |
active antifungal protein |
Oryza sativa |
| defensins |
play protective role in |
plant pathogen resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MPK signaling pathway |
participates in |
pathogen resistance regulation |
|
| AM fungi |
enhance |
protection against pathogens |
|
| phb3-3 mutant |
is as susceptible to |
avirulent Pst strains |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of plasma membrane-localized (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) function |
significantly increases |
Blumeria graminis f. sp. Hordei penetration rate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| anp single mutants |
show impaired |
elicitor-induced protection against Botrytis cinerea |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phospholipase A activity |
increases upon |
pathogen infection |
|
| expression of NBS-LRR s |
must be under |
strict scrutiny in the absence of pathogens but must respond rapidly in their presence |
|
| VOCs released from vegetative tissues above- and belowground under constitutive or induced conditions |
can ward off |
pathogens |
|
| suberized cell walls |
protect plants from |
invasion by pathogens |
|
| Si colonization |
can provide |
local resistance against pathogens |
|
| indole-3-acetaldoxime |
may be converted into |
other indole-metabolites induced as a result of microbial infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| oxylipins |
activate |
other pathogenesis-related genes |
|
| phenylalanine (Phe) treatment |
main effects observed in flowers exposed to |
Botrytis cinerea infection |
Chrysanthemum morifolium |
| (MED25, PFT1, AT1G25540) mutant |
shows resistance to |
Fusarium oxysporum |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tomato lncRNA16397 |
enhanced |
resistance to Phytophthora infestans |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| plants |
respond with specific countermeasures upon pathogen attack |
immune response |
|
| plants |
dynamically regulate |
apoplastic water potential |
|
| strawberry β-glucosidase FaBG3 |
plays role in |
B. cinerea fungal infection |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| restriction of water movement into xylem |
minimizes |
further entry of pathogens through xylem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| molecular analysis of natural variations |
has led to discovery of |
genes involved in pathogen resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lncRNAs |
participate in |
Phytophthora infestans resistance |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| nuclear export signal fused to Tobacco N |
inhibits |
defense response in presence of p50 |
|
| TEIL |
binds to the promoter of |
tobacco PR1a gene |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| overexpression of (AtERF#092, ERF1, ERF1B, AT3G23240) |
enhanced |
expression of pathogen-induced marker gene (LCR77, PDF1.2, PDF1.2A, AT5G44420) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bundle-sheath cells (BSCs) greater sensitivity to chitin |
suggests |
position of BSCs as first line of defense directly facing xylem exposes those cells to pathogens in xylem stream |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chitinases |
commonly act as |
pathogenesis-related proteins |
|
| lysolipids |
act as mediators of |
defense against pathogens |
|
| AtPLAIIA gene |
becomes activated upon |
pathogen infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| constitutive TaNAC69-1 overexpressing lines |
show significantly up-regulated |
chitinase 3-like (class I chitinase) |
Triticum aestivum |
| (XBAT35, AT3G23280) |
functions in |
pathogen defense |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| serine/threonine kinase silencing |
inhibits |
infection of black pepper by Phytophthora infestans |
Piper colubrinum; Phytophthora infestans |
| applied pressure of a microbe to a cell |
is an example of |
biotic stress |
|
| exogenous t18:0 |
is associated with |
enhanced pathogen resistance in wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ABA-dependent suberization in endodermis |
restricts |
Verticillium longisporum root colonization |
|
| mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 3 |
is required for |
basal resistance to Botrytis cinerea |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NahG mutant |
affects expression of |
Pdf genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| non-hydrolysable analogue of ATP |
switches on |
pathogen defences |
tobacco |
| plant defense responses |
may lead to |
abrogation of pathogen growth |
|
| High H3K4me3, H3K9Ac, open chromatin |
marks |
PR genes |
|
| Low nucleosome occupancy |
marks |
WRKY genes |
|
| pathogen-associated molecular patterns |
act as |
defense inducers in plants |
|
| sufficient K supply |
can increase |
crop resistance to pathogen |
|
| phytocytokines |
regulate |
hydathode guttation |
|
| abi1-1 mutant |
leads to increase in |
pathogen resistance |
|
| (ABI4, ATABI4, GIN6, ISI3, SAN5, SIS5, SUN6, AT2G40220) mutant |
displays opposite resistance responses towards |
Pythium irregulare and Leptosphaeria maculans |
Pythium irregulare; Leptosphaeria maculans |
| pathogen response |
may be influenced by |
mutually synergistic or antagonistic interactions with other hormones |
|
| Fusarium graminearum extract |
increases |
guaiacol peroxidase activity of washed plasma membrane fractions |
|
| pathogen defence responses |
include |
biosynthesis of defence molecules |
|
| luteolin |
shows stronger inhibition of spore germination than |
Colletotrichum sublineolum spore germination |
Sorghum bicolor; Colletotrichum sublineolum |
| suberin |
plays important role in controlling |
pathogen entry into root system |
|
| membrane contact sites |
have emerging role in |
biotic stress responses |
|
| (MYC4, AT4G17880) |
represses transcription of |
(LCR77, PDF1.2, PDF1.2A, AT5G44420) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| suberin |
affects |
colonization of roots by pathogens and parasites |
|
| outer root cell layers |
efficiently restrict |
pathogens |
|
| complex immune system |
functions to fight off |
invaders |
|
| (AGC2, AGC2-1, AtOXI1, OXI1, AT3G25250) |
contributes to |
effector-triggered resistance to Pseudomonas syringae |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pathogen perception |
has been widely studied and characterized |
pathogen recognition mechanisms |
|
| R genes |
recognize |
pathogen-secreted effectors |
|
| phytochromes |
implicated in |
mechanism of rice resistance to blast fungus |
Oryza sativa |
| (MED25, PFT1, AT1G25540) mutant |
shows susceptibility to |
Alternaria brassicicola and Botrytis cinerea |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sterols |
are key targets in |
host–pathogen interactions |
|
| stomata |
are part of |
innate immunity defense |
|
| components functioning in pathogen-induced defense network |
also play roles in |
other physiologic or developmental pathways |
|
| pathogenic fungi |
inhibit |
suberization of the endodermis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ABA-deficient mutants |
are more sensitive to infection by |
Pythium irregulare |
Pythium irregulare |
| ABA responsive element (ABRE) |
appears in promoters of |
defense genes |
|
| Ran and RanBPs |
are involved in |
resistance to pathogens |
|
| catalase-deficient lines |
show induction of |
pathogenesis-related responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transfer DNA insertion mutants of a single (AtUBP12, UBP12, AT5G06600) or (AtUBP13, UBP13, AT3G11910) gene |
exhibited |
no phenotypic differences in bacterial resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin oxidase overexpression |
enhanced |
resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bundle-sheath cells (BS) |
influences whole-leaf water balance perhaps during |
fungal infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant-specific ERF transcription factors |
are involved in |
plant responses to pathogens |
|
| p50 helicase domain |
can elicit |
N-mediated defense responses |
|
| plant–pathogen interactions |
produce |
H2O2 |
|
| strong increases in abundance of pmPOX after contact of plants to pathogen elicitors |
suggest |
function of pmPOX in cell wall strengthening besides membrane protection |
|
| (MYC3, AT5G46760) overexpression |
had no effect on |
transcript levels of (LCR77, PDF1.2, PDF1.2A, AT5G44420) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATICS1, EDS16, ICS1, SID2, AT1G74710) mutants |
are compromised in their resistance responses to |
avirulent isolates of Pseudomonas syringae |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| receptor-like kinases (RLKs) |
are implicated in |
pathogen responses |
|
| Si colonization |
can provide |
systemic resistance against pathogens |
|
| RdDM-associated protein mutants |
show phenotypes during infection by |
fungi |
|
| DNA hypo-methylation, siRNAs |
marks |
PRR/NLR genes |
|
| phytocytokines |
regulate |
apoplastic water potential |
|
| core microbiota |
resisted and protected host from |
invasion by pathogenic fungal strain |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| abscisic acid (ABA) |
has been linked to |
pathogen susceptibility |
|
| abscisic acid (ABA) |
may vary in role among |
different pathosystems |
|
| peroxidase, pathogen-induced |
down-regulated with fold change of |
−7.3-fold |
Glycine max |
| plant defence mechanisms |
includes |
de novo protein synthesis |
|
| Arabidopsis treated with both L-glutamine and BABA |
did not demonstrate |
primed (AtCAPE9, ATPR1, PR 1, PR1, AT2G14610) expression after bacterial infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RNAi silencing of (ATKTI1, AtKTI4, KTI1, AT1G73260) |
increases resistance to |
virulent pathogen Ecc |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Erwinia carotovora |
| (ATKTI1, AtKTI4, KTI1, AT1G73260) |
is induced by |
pathogens or elicitors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| salicylic acid (SA)-dependent systemic acquired resistance pathway |
is |
well-recognized branch of defense network |
|
| (ATKTI1, AtKTI4, KTI1, AT1G73260) |
is induced by |
defense hormone SA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutation in ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) |
results in |
(ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) mutants being more susceptible to virulent isolates of Hyaloperonospora parasitica |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant cell wall |
acts as |
first physical barrier to defend against pathogens |
|
| abi2-1 mutant |
leads to increase in |
pathogen resistance |
|
| abi2-1 mutant |
fosters differential resistance responses against |
Leptosphaeria maculans |
Leptosphaeria maculans |
| suppression of MEK2-SIPK/WIPK pathway components |
suppresses |
N gene-mediated TMV resistance |
|
| TEIL |
acts as a |
putative negative trans-acting factor for PR1a |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| Fhb7 |
enhances |
Fusarium resistance |
Thinopyrum |
| pathogens |
is |
major environmental stress |
|
| AtWRKY3 and AtWRKY4 |
are directly induced by |
pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chitinase (spot a25) |
is induced by |
2,4-D treatment |
Citrus sinensis |
| (EX2, EXE2, AT1G27510) plants |
are slightly more resistant to |
low amounts of pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fungal-derived microbial terpene synthase-like genes |
can influence |
host–pathogen interactions |
|
| Tobacco N nuclear localization |
is required for |
Tobacco N function |
|
| pathogen attack |
triggers |
plant defence mechanisms |
|
| microbe or elicitor-induced signal transduction pathways |
lead to |
production of antimicrobial metabolites (phytoalexins) |
|
| pathogen attack |
triggers formation of |
hydrogen peroxide |
|
| abscisic acid (ABA) |
has positive role in activating |
pathogen defense system |
|
| abi1-1 mutant |
fosters differential resistance responses against |
Leptosphaeria maculans |
Leptosphaeria maculans |
| recombinant (ATKTI1, AtKTI4, KTI1, AT1G73260) |
does not appear to have a direct role in defense against |
virulent pathogen Ecc |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Erwinia carotovora |
| peroxidases |
can be involved in |
all pathogen defence processes |
|
| BABA |
primed |
(AtCAPE9, ATPR1, PR 1, PR1, AT2G14610) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| naringenin |
provides protection against |
pathogen infection |
Oryza sativa |
| ACC-induced resistance to Fusarium graminearum |
was attributed to |
ethylene |
Zea mays |
| anthocyanins |
play roles in |
plant biotic stress resistance |
|
| overexpression of some LTPs |
leads to increased protection against |
microorganisms |
|
| endochitinase/ (ATHCHIB, B-CHI, CHI-B, HCHIB, PR-3, PR3, AT3G12500) (CHI, AT2G43570) |
has higher transcript level in |
vtc2-1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ascorbate deficiency |
leads to altered transcript levels of |
PR genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| resistance to Pseudomonas syringae (Pst) |
involves |
complex relationships between SA- and JA-signalling pathways |
|
| ABA signaling pathway in stomatal closure |
is interconnected with |
immune response pathway dependent on (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) |
|
| PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1a (PR1a) |
different expression detected in |
Eui overexpressors |
|
| VTC2-1 |
has increased resistance to |
virulent pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATNPR1, NIM1, NPR1, SAI1, AT1G64280) mutants |
are compromised in their resistance responses to |
avirulent isolates of Pseudomonas syringae |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| oxidative burst |
is |
classical answer of animal and plant cells to pathogen attack |
|
| L-glutamine treatment alone |
did not affect |
(AtCAPE9, ATPR1, PR 1, PR1, AT2G14610) expression levels without bacterial infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GSH |
is linked to |
pathogen responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| JAZ genes |
display differing expression patterns and induction strength in response to |
COR-independent P. syringae pv. tomato (Pst) infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DOES NOT RESPOND TO NUCLEOTIDES 1 (DORN1, LecRK-I.9, P2K1, AT5G60300) |
is |
essential component of defence against fungal pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| histone variant (H2A.Z, HTA11, AT3G54560) |
is key element in regulation of |
genes involved in pathogen responses |
|
| localized callose deposition |
increases |
host resistance to fungal penetration |
|
| plant defences |
can fail |
pathogen infection |
|
| N-myristoylation |
is considered crucial in |
disease resistance function |
|
| focused accumulation and interaction of specific plant proteins at penetration sites |
raises questions about |
underlying plant processes that sense and direct marshalling of host resources to block pathogen entry |
|
| Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall and plasma membrane components |
play an emerging role in activating |
pathogen-induced responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| beneficial microbiota |
provide protection against |
root-infecting filamentous pathogens |
|
| overexpression of ERF genes in transgenic tobacco |
induces expression of |
PR genes |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (ATWRKY33, WRKY33, AT2G38470) mutants |
show strong phenotypes in |
resistance to necrotrophic pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| receptor-like proteins (RLPs) and receptor-like kinases (RLKs) |
transduce |
resistance response |
|
| jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene-induced resistance pathway |
is |
well-recognized branch of defense network |
|
| Fusarium culmorum extract |
increases |
guaiacol peroxidase activity of washed plasma membrane fractions |
|
| physiological wounding response |
may include |
defences against pathogens |
|
| plant cuticle |
reduces |
infection by pathogens |
|
| transcriptional induction of LIN6 |
occurs after |
bacterial inoculation |
|
| abscisic acid (ABA) |
negatively regulates |
post-invasion pathogen immunity |
|
| (ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) |
is required for resistance to |
bacteria |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| (ATWRKY33, WRKY33, AT2G38470) mutant transformed with SlWRKY33A driven by CaMV 35S promoter |
fully restores |
Botrytis resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtPRF3 |
plays specific roles in |
plant's defensive responses during pathogen-plant interactions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CYT1, EMB101, GMP1, SOZ1, VTC1, AT2G39770) |
has increased |
PR protein gene transcripts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Ls8 transgenic line (wild-type/35S-Fa (ATWRKY1, WRKY1, ZAP1, AT2G04880) ) |
showed symptoms similar to |
wild-type plants upon Pseudomonas infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| exogenous ABA |
impairs |
resistance of Arabidopsis to avirulent Pseudomonas syringae |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ERF proteins |
play an important role in |
pathogen defence responses |
|
| camalexin export by (ABCG40, ATABCG40, ATPDR12, PDR12, AT1G15520) |
is not correctly directed toward |
pathogen |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant MYB genes |
have important roles in |
pathogen resistance |
|
| Tsi1 overexpression |
improved tolerance to |
pathogen attack |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| Lc10 transgenic plants (wrky75At22/35S-Fa (ATWRKY1, WRKY1, ZAP1, AT2G04880) ) |
restricted bacterial growth of virulent and avirulent Pst isolates in |
Lc10 transgenic plants compared to wrky75At22 mutant plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| silencing of (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) |
leads to |
enhanced susceptibility to avirulent isolates of Pseudomonas syringae |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduced expression of (AGC2, AGC2-1, AtOXI1, OXI1, AT3G25250) |
led to |
enhanced susceptibility to biotrophic pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CYT1, EMB101, GMP1, SOZ1, VTC1, AT2G39770) |
has increased resistance to |
virulent pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endochitinase |
is highly responsive to |
SA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GSH |
affects redox state of cysteine in |
(ATNPR1, NIM1, NPR1, SAI1, AT1G64280) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rboh Arabidopsis mutants with reduced H2O2 production |
had |
opposite response to oomycete parasite Peronospora parasitica |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EDS5, SCORD3, SID1, AT4G39030) mutants |
are compromised in their resistance responses to |
virulent isolates of Hyaloperonospora parasitica |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Fa (ATWRKY1, WRKY1, ZAP1, AT2G04880) |
functions differently from |
At (ATWRKY75, WRKY75, AT5G13080) in Arabidopsis |
Fragaria × ananassa; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATOST1, OST1, P44, SNRK2-6, SNRK2.6, SRK2E, AT4G33950) kinase |
acts as barrier against |
bacterial infection |
Pseudomonas syringae |
| RNAi plants with reduced (ATKTI1, AtKTI4, KTI1, AT1G73260) levels |
are more resistant to |
Ecc infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Erwinia carotovora |
| transmembrane protein kinase gene |
has relationship with |
microbe/pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors of the LRR–RLK XII type |
barley |
| (ATCESA3, ATH-B, CESA3, CEV1, ELI1, IXR1, MRE1, AT5G05170) mutant |
shows increased pathogen resistance mediated by |
jasmonate and ethylene pathways |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCAPE9, ATPR1, PR 1, PR1, AT2G14610) |
has higher transcript level in |
vtc2-2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATICS1, EDS16, ICS1, SID2, AT1G74710) mutants |
are compromised in their resistance responses to |
virulent isolates of Hyaloperonospora parasitica |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant cell wall matrix |
acts as |
barrier |
|
| (ATWRKY70, WRKY70, AT3G56400) overexpression |
makes plants more susceptible to |
necrotrophic fungal pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Fa (ATWRKY1, WRKY1, ZAP1, AT2G04880) |
is an important element mediating |
defence responses to Colletotrichum acutatum |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| polyamines (PAs) |
have a prominent role in |
plant disease resistance |
|
| genes involved in plant response to pathogen attack |
are downregulated in |
atmyb60-1 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| JA |
is |
plant signaling compound that induces resistance to pathogens |
|
| ABA |
can directly regulate expression of |
genes like PR1a (PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1) |
|
| (AGC2, AGC2-1, AtOXI1, OXI1, AT3G25250) mutant |
exhibits enhanced bacterial titres compared to wild type following infection with |
avirulent Pseudomonas syringae |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMYB108, BOS1, MYB108, AT3G06490) mutants |
are more susceptible to |
pathogens (Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| anthocyanins |
act as |
antimicrobial agents |
|
| (ATECS1, AtGSH1, CAD2, GSH1, GSHA, PAD2, RAX1, RML1, AT4G23100) |
has lower transcript levels of |
endochitinase, (AtCAPE9, ATPR1, PR 1, PR1, AT2G14610) and (AtBG2, AtPR2, BG2, BGL2, GNS2, PR-2, PR2, AT3G57260) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGC2, AGC2-1, AtOXI1, OXI1, AT3G25250) |
was not required for |
development of systemic acquired resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Ecc-activated plant gene expression |
results in |
reduced resistance to Ecc |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Erwinia carotovora |
| (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) (ATSYP122, SYP122, AT3G52400) mutant |
has low penetration resistance to |
powdery mildew fungi |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RdDM mutant (AGO4, OCP11, AT2G27040) |
shows enhanced susceptibility to |
F. oxysporum infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| accumulation of β-1,3-glucanase and structural defence responses |
may protect the host against |
fungal enzymes and toxins |
Triticum aestivum; Septoria tritici |
| tomato H52 silencing |
induces |
growth reduction of virulent pathogens |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| alterations in cell wall composition, particularly in (CYT1, EMB101, GMP1, SOZ1, VTC1, AT2G39770) |
could contribute to |
induction of pathogen responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endo-β-1,3-glucanase |
is implicated in |
defense against pathogens |
Triticum aestivum; Septoria tritici |
| (AtCAPE9, ATPR1, PR 1, PR1, AT2G14610) |
has higher transcript level in |
vtc2-1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| alterations in cell wall composition |
could contribute to |
induction of pathogen responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ETI |
is qualitatively similar to |
PTI |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lack of (AGC2, AGC2-1, AtOXI1, OXI1, AT3G25250) |
did not increase susceptibility compared with wild type |
Botrytis cinerea infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduced pathogen growth in (ML3, AT5G23820) mutants |
is comparable to |
reduced growth observed in coi1-1 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ERF-mediated immunity |
might be conserved in |
different plant tissues and organs |
|
| (ATBI-1, ATBI1, BI-1, BI1, AT5G47120) |
contributes to resistance to |
Blumeria graminis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Claroideoglomus etunicatum treatment in Elymus nutans |
significantly decreases |
disease severity in Elymus nutans |
Elymus nutans |
| pathogenesis-related thaumatin family proteins |
are up-regulated by |
2,4-D treatment |
Citrus sinensis |
| (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) |
participates in |
biotic stress resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMIN7, BEN1, BIG5, MIN7, AT3G43300) ARF GEF |
role in polarized callose deposition during infection was |
suggested |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chemical or genetic alteration of polar auxin transport (PAT) |
conferred |
increased resistance to Fusarium oxysporum infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| resistant phenotype in transgenics overexpressing Fa (ATWRKY1, WRKY1, ZAP1, AT2G04880) (Lc10 and Ls8) |
is uncoupled to |
SA-dependent markers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ERF transcription factor family |
is involved in |
plant response to pathogen attack |
|
| AMF inoculation on necrotrophic pathogens |
significantly decreases |
disease impact from necrotrophic pathogens |
|
| (RD21, RD21A, AT1G47128) |
has |
antifungal function |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pathogen or disease-related protein-encoding genes |
are up-regulated by |
2,4-D treatment |
Citrus sinensis |
| transgenic tobacco expressing celery MTD |
shows enhanced resistance to |
Alternaria alternata |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| trehalose |
participates in |
plant interactions with pathogenic micro-organisms |
|
| autophagy |
can be |
general pathogen defense mechanism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shrinkage of multi-layered pit membranes |
is relevant for protection of |
nonfunctional conduits against pathogens |
|
| prolonged waterlogging |
increases |
susceptibility of roots to pathogens |
|
| heat shock transcription factors regulating PLANT DEFENSIN 1.2 (LCR77, PDF1.2, PDF1.2A, AT5G44420) expression |
participate in |
resistance to plant pathogens |
|
| lesion expansion in (ML3, AT5G23820) mutants |
is partially similar to |
responses of camalexin-deficient mutant pad3-1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| polyamines (PAs) |
have been shown to modulate |
plant defence responses at various levels |
|
| pharmacological approach |
investigated |
resistance to B. cinerea |
Vitis vinifera |
| inhibitor of fungal xyloglucan endoglucanases (EDGP) |
is |
potential pathogen-defense protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATWRKY18, WRKY18, AT4G31800) (ATWRKY40, WRKY40, AT1G80840) (ATWRKY60, WRKY60, AT2G25000) triple mutant |
is more susceptible to |
B. cinerea than untransformed plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress |
influences |
resistance to pathogen infections |
|
| plant cuticle |
limits invasion by |
pathogens |
|
| CaWRKY2 |
is directly induced by |
pathogens |
Capsicum annuum |
| wall peroxidase |
may contribute to |
oxidative burst |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATEXT1, ATEXT4, EXT1, EXT4, ORG5, AT1G76930) gene in transgenic Arabidopsis |
increasing the extensin level decreases |
pathogen invasiveness |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phellem cells |
constitute |
protective barrier |
|
| Ls8 plants |
behave differently from wild-type upon inoculation with |
Pst carrying avrRpt2 and avrRps4 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) |
participates in |
bacterial resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) |
participates in |
fungal resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OGs (DP 10–15) |
act as |
elicitors of defense responses against pathogen infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCG36, ATABCG36, ATPDR8, PDR8, PEN3, AT1G59870) mutants |
revealed decreased |
extracellular accumulation of flagelin22-induced callose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hydrophobic cuticle |
prevents |
microbial infection |
|
| transgenic poplars overexpressing and underexpressing PtWRKY23 |
are more susceptible to |
Melampsora infection than wild-type plants |
Populus tremuloides |
| specific inhibition of diamine oxidases (CuAO, AT4G12290) and polyamine (PA) oxidases (ACD1, LLS1, PAO, AT3G44880) in osmotically stressed leaves |
enhanced |
susceptibility to the pathogen |
Vitis vinifera |
| PtrWRKY89 overexpression |
results in |
increased resistance to hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen D. gregaria |
Populus trichocarpa |
| mildew-resistant locus O (MLO) |
is |
disease resistance factor |
|
| short OGs (DP 2–6) |
suppress |
pathogen defense responses in wheat |
Triticum aestivum |
| (FER, AT3G51550) |
loss-of-function mutations in causes |
defects in responses to pathogens |
|
| Serendipita indica effector 141 (SIE141) and (ATCDSP32, CDSP32, TRXL1, AT1G76080) interaction |
enhances |
pathogen resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATWRKY70, WRKY70, AT3G56400) overexpression |
enhances |
resistance to hemibiotrophic pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rapid rise in ROS (oxidative burst phenomenon) |
was associated with |
plant responses to pathogens |
|
| (ATWRKY25, WRKY25, AT2G30250) mutants |
do not show strong phenotypes in |
resistance to necrotrophic pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATWRKY33, WRKY33, AT2G38470) promoter |
is particularly important for |
plant resistance to Botrytis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| programmed cell death (PCD) |
is essential for |
defense response |
|
| (EMA1, GIR1, SAD2, URM9, AT2G31660) mutant |
exhibits increased susceptibility to |
Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 |
| pathogen-induced autophagy |
can function in |
promoting cell survival |
|
| plants |
have developed |
effective defence mechanisms |
|
| changes in cutin composition |
have been correlated to |
plant resistance to Erysiphe polygoni |
|
| coi1-2 mutant |
is defective in |
plant response to Pst DC3000 infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CaPIMP1 expression |
may alter responsiveness to |
pathogen infection |
|
| polysaccharides deposited to the site of the attack |
build |
protective shield |
plant cells |
| At (ATWRKY75, WRKY75, AT5G13080) |
acts as |
positive regulator of basal and R-mediated resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| WRKY family members |
code for |
pathogen- and salicylic acid-induced transcription factors |
Solanum tuberosum |
| NOA1-dependent NO synthesis |
is involved in |
pathogen defence |
|
| (ATWRKY33, WRKY33, AT2G38470) mutant expressing (ATWRKY25, WRKY25, AT2G30250) driven by promoter |
is ineffective in restoring |
Botrytis resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATWRKY33, WRKY33, AT2G38470) mutant expressing driven by (ATWRKY25, WRKY25, AT2G30250) promoter |
shows severe disease symptoms and prolific fungal growth similar to |
(ATWRKY33, WRKY33, AT2G38470) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| outer band |
provides |
protection against pathogen entry |
Zea mays |
| GhPMEI3 |
exhibits antifungal activity against |
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| green leaf volatiles (GLVs) |
have been reported to have |
antimicrobial activity |
|
| transgenic plants overexpressing (ACD1, LLS1, PAO, AT3G44880) |
showed pre-induced disease tolerance against |
Pseudomonas syringae |
Nicotiana tabacum; Pseudomonas syringae |
| (ATWRKY75, WRKY75, AT5G13080) |
was reported to be upregulated in response to |
pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MYB and NAC transcription factors |
are reported to control |
antagonism between hormone-mediated abiotic stress and pathogen response pathways |
Oryza sativa |
| transcripts encoding PR proteins such as endochitinases |
were strongly up-regulated in |
VvABF2 transgenic cells |
Vitis vinifera |
| pathogen attack |
causes peroxisomes to directly produce |
antifungal compounds |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ANP subfamily of MAP3K (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase) |
are positive regulators of |
immunity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PMEIs in tobacco and transgenic Arabidopsis plants |
inhibit |
viral or fungal induction of PME activity |
Nicotiana tabacum; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| altered physicochemical properties of cell wall |
reduces capacity of |
VdPG1 to hydrolyze methyl esterified pectin |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| supplemental FR light simultaneously with pathogen inoculation |
makes plants more susceptible to |
SA-resisted pathogens |
|
| (EGM1, AT1G11300) mutants |
are more sensitive than WT to |
Botrytis cinerea strains |
|
| single, double and triple pen mutants |
show no detectable loss of resistance in any of the tested mutants against |
avirulent Pst strains |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| impaired stomatal closure |
causes |
increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (PstDC3000) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| EXPOs |
have been implicated in |
pathogen response |
Brassica |
| PtrWRKY89 overexpression |
enhances resistance to D. gregaria via |
activation of PR genes but not improvement of SA levels |
Populus trichocarpa |
| anthocyanin pigments |
protect against |
pathogen attack |
|
| 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) dip treatment at 500 ppm |
represses |
pathogens growing into the fruit |
|
| (AtPR4, HEL, PR-4, PR4, AT3G04720) |
is up-regulated by |
2,4-D treatment |
Citrus sinensis |
| (ATMPK4, MAPK4, MPK4, AT4G01370) and (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) |
act redundantly in |
defence response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NPC |
is a control point for |
interaction of plants with pathogenic microorganisms |
|
| (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) |
is required for protection against |
Botrytis cinerea |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pathogen attack |
reorients |
peroxisomes to the site of pathogen attack |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cuticles |
have been implicated in |
defense responses against pathogens |
|
| FERONIA (FER, AT3G51550) |
is involved in |
interaction between hosts and pathogens |
|
| AtATL9 |
is involved in |
chitin- and NADPH oxidase-mediated defense responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC092, ATNAC2, ATNAC6, NAC2, NAC6, ORE1, AT5G39610) knockout |
results in |
Arabidopsis being resistant to pathogen infections |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fer-4 mutant defect in PTI signaling |
is not recovered with |
genetic PS complementation |
|
| purified single- and double-mutated CkPGIP1 and GhPGIP1 mutants |
suppressed |
mycelial growth of two plant pathogens |
Verticillium dahliae; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum |
| GhPGIP1 (WT) at higher concentration (100 μg/ml) |
effectively suppressed mycelial growth of |
both fungi |
Verticillium dahliae; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum |
| (ABCG36, ATABCG36, ATPDR8, PDR8, PEN3, AT1G59870) / (PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE8/PENETRATION RESISTANCE3) substrate |
functions in |
extracellular defense against non-adapted powdery mildew pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C6-alcohols |
are less involved in |
direct defense against Botrytis cinerea |
|
| wasabi defensin gene overexpression |
demonstrates protective role of defensin gene expression against |
fungal infections |
Oryza sativa; Solanum tuberosum |
| 3H-camalexin (CLX) export |
provides |
pathogen resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| complementation of cytokinin levels |
results in increased |
resistance to biotrophic pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Heterologous over-expression of two pathogen-induced soybean CML genes, SCaM-4 and SCaM-5 |
correlates with |
enhanced pathogen resistance |
tobacco; Arabidopsis |
| certain Arabidopsis CMLs |
are associated with |
defence-related processes |
Arabidopsis |
| NON-EXPRESSOR OF PR GENES 1 (ATNPR1, NIM1, NPR1, SAI1, AT1G64280) protein |
is |
key regulatory component in pathogen defence reactions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CAP-derived peptide |
could mediate |
anti-pathogenic response in tomato |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| genes deregulated in (CESA6, E112, IXR2, PRC1, AT5G64740) mutants |
are involved in |
pathogen defense |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| JR/MBP pathway and disease resistance protein pathway |
may affect |
pathogen defense responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Populus trichocarpa |
| secretory activity of the (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) (ATSYP122, SYP122, AT3G52400) (ATSNAP33, ATSNAP33B, SNAP33, SNP33, AT5G61210) (ATVAMP722, SAR1, VAMP722, AT2G33120) complex |
occurs during |
fungal infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMIN7, BEN1, BIG5, MIN7, AT3G43300) allele |
shows |
increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| single mutations of all four tested serines on both (ABCG36, ATABCG36, ATPDR8, PDR8, PEN3, AT1G59870) clusters |
have the same effect on |
pathogenicity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) and (ATRBOH F, ATRBOHF, RBOH F, RBOHAP108, RBOHF, AT1G64060) |
are vital for |
ROS production in leaves in response to pathogen infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| candy mint or peppermint |
confers resistance to |
Phakopsora pachyrhizi |
Glycine max |
| sieve element occlusion response loss |
impairs |
resistance to Pseudomonas |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| copper |
is used as cofactor by proteins involved in |
formation of phenolics in response to pathogen attack |
|
| plants expressing barley chitinase transgene |
were used to evaluate |
efficacy of chitinase against F. graminearum |
Triticum aestivum; Fusarium graminearum |
| phosphorylation events triggered by (AGC2, AGC2-1, AtOXI1, OXI1, AT3G25250) |
result in the activation of |
defence responses that serve to restrict or slow the process of pathogen growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGC2, AGC2-1, AtOXI1, OXI1, AT3G25250) |
may promote defence against |
Pseudomonas syringae |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression levels of OsPR1a |
are markedly elevated in |
hpl3-1 plants |
Oryza sativa |
| volatiles |
enhance |
rice resistance to bacterial blight |
Oryza sativa |
| T1 plants expressing RPW8.2-YFP-NES PKI |
show no apparent |
mildew-induced hypersensitive response (HR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (LIF2, AT4G00830) mutant |
displays opposite phenotype to |
(AtLHP1, LHP1, TFL2, AT5G17690) mutant regarding susceptibility to Pst DC3000 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| complementation of cytokinin suppression |
may be targeted for |
increased pathogen resistance |
|
| DEMETER-LIKE 2 (DML2, AT3G10010) |
plays a role in |
fungal disease resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SlERF family genes |
respond to |
Botrytis cinerea infection in fruit |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Funneliformis inoculation |
shows significant negative effect on |
disease impact |
|
| (ATWRKY46, WRKY46, AT2G46400) |
has expression that |
enhances basal resistance against Pseudomonas spp. pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Members of group IX AP2-EREBP TFs |
are often involved in |
defense responses to pathogen infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis LysM/F-box-containing protein InLYP1 |
was not essential for |
plant fungal resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ER bodies |
may play role in |
response to pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ML3, AT5G23820) mutants |
show reduced pathogen growth of |
Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| suppression of pPLAIIα |
showed more resistance to |
fungal and bacterial infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| m6A modification |
may have key roles in |
biotic stress responses |
|
| Myeloid differentiation factor-2-related lipid-recognition domain protein (ML3, AT5G23820) |
has a role in |
response to microbial pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type-III (DNAJ, AT2G20560) domain-containing HSP40 (GmHSP40.1) |
has positive role in |
pathogen defense |
Glycine max |
| (ANAC055, ANAC55, ATNAC3, NAC055, NAC3, AT3G15500) signalling |
occurs following |
pathogen infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CPR1, CPR30, AT4G12560) mutant |
has constitutively induced |
defence |
|
| plants with dysfunctional photorespiration |
show |
enhanced susceptibility to pathogen attack |
|
| microbial communities |
function as |
first line of defense against invading pathogens |
|
| transgenic tobacco plants engineered to produce betacyanins |
showed |
gray mold resistance |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| WRKY transcription factor family |
is involved in |
plant response to pathogen attack |
|
| anthocyanins |
resist |
bacteria |
|
| AMF inoculation in Medicago sativa |
does not significantly influence |
disease severity in Medicago sativa |
Medicago sativa |
| lignin |
deposition improves |
plant response to pathogen invasion |
|
| Claroideoglomus etunicatum treatment in Glycine max |
significantly decreases |
disease severity in Glycine max |
Glycine max |
| bacterial interspecies interactions |
can enhance |
resistance of resident bacterial communities to pathogen invasion |
|
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) |
improves plant resistance to biotic stress |
biotic stress resistance |
|
| ERF transcription factor family |
regulates |
fungal responses in tomato |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| loss-of-function for (AtDMR6, DMR6, AT5G24530) |
increases resistance to |
pathogens |
|
| papilla formation at the fungal entry site |
enhances |
resistance to penetration by nonadapted fungi |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pathogen attacks |
significantly trigger |
proteolytic activation of plasma membrane-tethered (ANAC062, NAC062, NTL6, AT3G49530) |
|
| AMF inoculation on biotrophic pathogens |
does not decrease |
disease impact from biotrophic pathogens |
|
| Rhizophagus inoculation |
shows significant negative effect on |
disease impact |
|
| several members of the PR-10 family |
exhibit |
antifungal activity |
|
| overexpression of (AtERF#092, ERF1, ERF1B, AT3G23240) |
conferred |
resistance to several necrotrophic fungi |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cuticle |
reduces |
adhesion of pathogen spores and dust |
|
| (bHLH, AT5G51780) transcription factor family |
is involved in |
plant response to pathogen attack |
|
| alkaloids |
deposition improves |
plant response to pathogen invasion |
|
| AMF inoculation in Elymus nutans |
significantly influences |
disease severity in Elymus nutans |
Elymus nutans |
| Funneliformis mosseae treatment in Glycine max |
significantly decreases |
disease severity in Glycine max |
Glycine max |
| lipid flippase (ALA3, AT1G59820) |
mediates recruitment of |
penetration resistance 3 (ATPEN3, PEN3, AT5G36150) |
|
| jasmonate (JA) |
regulates |
defenses against necrotrophic pathogens |
|
| AtATL2 |
plays a role in |
salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated defenses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AMF inoculation on grasses |
significantly reduces |
disease impact in grasses |
|
| (ML3, AT5G23820) mutants |
show increased susceptibility to |
fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AMF inoculation on forbs |
significantly reduces |
disease impact in forbs |
|
| Glomus inoculation |
shows significant negative effect on |
disease impact |
|
| high microbial diversity |
enhances |
resistance to invading pathogens |
|
| AMF inoculation on trees |
significantly reduces |
disease impact in trees |
|
| NAC transcription factor family |
is involved in |
plant response to pathogen attack |
|
| (AtbZIP, bZIP, AT1G68880) transcription factor family |
is involved in |
plant response to pathogen attack |
|
| Zhoumai 22 (ZM) seedlings |
showed reduced |
mycelial growth |
Triticum aestivum; Puccinia triticina |
| (ANAC019, ANAC19, NAC019, AT1G52890) signalling |
occurs following |
pathogen infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtSLD1, SLD1, AT3G61580) (AtSLD2, SLD2, AT2G46210) double mutant plants |
show |
enhanced resistance to bacterial pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant immune systems |
initiate |
defensive responses to foreign invaders |
|
| (ATRAD51D, RAD51D, SSN1, AT1G07745) mutants |
are altered for |
pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| different defense responses in hsp90.3 alleles |
suggest that role played by HSP90.3 during defense responses against Hpa Noco2 and bacterium Psm ES4326 might be |
different |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| colony counts |
evaluate |
disease protecting properties |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| secretory vesicles |
deposit |
polysaccharides to the site of the attack |
plant cells |
| Serratia plymuthica-specific genes |
are involved in |
responses to biotic interactions and gene-for-gene resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ABA-INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4, ATABI4, GIN6, ISI3, SAN5, SIS5, SUN6, AT2G40220) |
plays role in |
pathogen resistance |
|
| rhythmic expression of defense genes |
was shown in |
resistance against Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCG36, ATABCG36, ATPDR8, PDR8, PEN3, AT1G59870) / (PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE8/PENETRATION RESISTANCE3) |
has focal accumulation at |
site of leaf pathogen entry |
|
| (ATCML9, CAM9, CML9, AT3G51920) |
is induced early upon |
Pseudomonas syringae inoculation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 94 non-CC/ (AtTN10, TIR, TN10, AT1G72930) /NB-ARC/LRR domains |
are |
hypothetical integrated decoys |
|
| scopolin |
supports |
preformed pathogen defence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| purified mutant PGIPs |
inhibited |
mycelium growth |
|
| (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) |
is involved in |
pathogen defense |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| jasmonate (JA) signaling |
mediates |
pathogen resistance |
|
| Ca 2+ |
has essential role during |
plant resistance to microbial pathogens |
|
| fama-1 single mutant plants |
exhibited |
resistance to PstDC3000 inoculation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NAC transcription factors |
are implicated functionally in |
response to bacterial pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| supplemental FR light simultaneously with pathogen inoculation |
makes plants more susceptible to |
JA-resisted pathogens |
|
| cytokinin |
does not restore expression of |
(AtCAPE9, ATPR1, PR 1, PR1, AT2G14610) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsMPKK10.2 |
is not the only MAPKK that is involved in |
lesion mimic/resistance phenotype of osedr1 |
|
| R82Y-NLS SV40 transgenic lines |
show no |
hypersensitive response (HR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of ERF genes in transgenic Arabidopsis plants |
induces expression of |
PR genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NMD deficiency |
induces |
constitutive pathogen response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| impaired NMD |
leads to |
constitutive pathogen response |
|
| (AIR12, AT3G07390) |
plays a role in |
response to necrotrophic pathogens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lectin-like receptor kinase protein of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) |
is required for |
elicitation of a host cell death-associated resistance response |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| FaBG3 |
may play key roles in |
Botrytis cinerea fungal infection |
Fragaria × ananassa; Botrytis cinerea |
| plant cell response to fungal pathogen invasion |
involves activating |
cell wall polysaccharide synthesis |
plant cells |
| mannitol sensing and perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns |
may contribute to |
quantitative resistance of plants against mannitol-producing pathogens |
|
| disease resistance |
is against |
Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin-activated transcription factor (ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) |
contributes specifically to |
Pst resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) knockout |
reduces resistance to |
Pst DC3000 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) overexpression |
does not affect resistance to |
Pst DC3000 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| salicylic acid (SA) pathway |
is considered to be mostly directed against |
pathogens with biotrophic lifestyle |
|
| putative receptor-like kinases (RLKs) |
activate |
pathogen defense components |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (BARS1, PEN2, AT4G15370) |
is involved in |
oomycete defense |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Atpao2-1 single mutant line |
displays altered responses to |
Pseudomonas syringae |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Pseudomonas syringae |
| (RLK, AT5G67280) clades involved in pathogen responses |
participate in |
pathogen responses |
|
| methylation of histone H3 lysine residues 4 and 27 |
is key element in regulation of |
genes involved in pathogen responses |
|
| (MED25, PFT1, AT1G25540) gene depletion |
leads to attenuated resistance to |
necrotrophic pathogens |
|
| innate immunity |
protects |
hosts from potential pathogens |
|
| DNA hypo-methylation |
results in |
enhanced disease resistance |
|
| Fp PG effector |
is inhibited by |
Pv (ATPGIP2, PGIP2, AT5G06870) |
Fusarium phyllophilum; Phaseolus vulgaris |
| decreased resistance to Bc after FR-pre-treatment |
was maintained in |
(ATNPR1, NIM1, NPR1, SAI1, AT1G64280) plants |
|
| jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) |
is induced by |
necrotrophic pathogens and herbivores |
|
| disease incidences |
evaluate |
disease protecting properties |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PP2Ac at root epidermis |
leads to enhanced resistance to |
fungal pathogens |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (ANP1, MAPKKK1, NP1, AT1G09000) (ANP2, MAPKKK2, NP2, AT1G54960) double mutant |
shows defective |
protection against Botrytis cinerea |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pectin methyl esterification, associated with PMEI overexpression in plants |
results in structure that is inaccessible to |
PGs secreted by fungal pathogens |
|
| Pseudomonas syringae |
affects expression of |
Pdf genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Virus-induced gene silencing of CaPMEI1 |
results in increased susceptibility of pepper plants to |
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria attack |
Capsicum annuum |
| AMF inoculation in Bromus japonicus |
significantly influences |
disease severity in Bromus japonicus |
Bromus japonicus |
| ER bodies |
have been proposed to function in |
pathogen responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AT-HSFB1, ATHSF4, HSF4, HSFB1, TBF1, AT4G36990) /B2b double mutant |
shows significantly improved |
pathogen resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| highly hydroxylated sphingolipids |
provide protection against |
pathogens |
|
| general softening of all cells in that area |
would render |
root susceptible to pathogen attacks |
|
| laser-assisted single cell ablation in the Arabidopsis root tip |
is used to study |
pathogen responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis loss-of-function Atsacpd mutant |
exhibited enhanced resistance to |
bacteria |
Arabidopsis thaliana |