| osmotin proteins |
have been shown to protect against |
osmotic shock during abiotic stress |
|
| osmotin proteins |
protect against osmotic shock through |
compartmentalizing solutes |
|
| MpCIPK-A |
showed no significant changes in |
gene expression |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| fluorescent Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based calcium (Ca 2+) reporter proteins |
revealed |
specific chloroplast calcium (Ca 2+) signals in response to osmotic stress |
|
| GO:0006972 (hyperosmotic response) |
was enriched in |
SOM7 |
Setaria viridis |
| osmotic stress |
accelerates |
release of (CBNAC, NTL9, AT4G35580) from the membrane |
|
| (ATSAHH1, EMB1395, HOG1, MEE58, SAH1, SAHH1, AT4G13940) and Msn2/4 |
are considered as |
core components of the Hog1-MAPK signaling pathway |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| PH02Gene46833 (ATCIPK23, CIPK23, LKS1, PKS17, SnRK3.23, AT1G30270) from Salt sample |
is involved in |
osmotic stress |
Phyllostachys edulis |
| azg1-1 × azg2-1 double mutant roots |
respond in the same way as |
wild-type (WT) roots when exposed to mannitol concentrations of up to 100 mM in the absence of sodium chloride (NaCl) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type and both cipk-b mutant lines |
showed |
decreased growth in response to increasing concentrations of sorbitol |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| raised concentrations in soil solution or irrigation water |
perturb |
osmotic relations |
|
| pseudogene (AT3G29725) |
seems unlikely to influence |
Pro accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) mutants |
show lower induction of |
(ATNCED3, NCED3, SIS7, STO1, AT3G14440) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 21 mannitol-responsive phosphopeptides |
showed |
reproducible mannitol-induced phosphorylation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress response |
is associated with |
rapid accumulation of the phospholipid species PI(3,5)P2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased expression of osmotic stress-responsive genes |
can lead to |
increased drought tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| raffinose |
acts as |
osmoprotectant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CIPK-B |
does not have |
role in osmotic stress |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| rapidly changing solute concentration |
results in |
potential osmotic shock |
Hordeum vulgare |
| high salinities |
induce |
production of hemolytic toxins in Phaeocystis globosa |
Phaeocystis globosa |
| transgenic lines with 35S-driven expression of (AT5G35380) |
had Pro increased by |
28 to 50 μmol g fresh weight −1 (144%–178% of Col wild type) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members |
are specifically phosphorylated in response to |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (VAC1, VAC14, AT2G01690) phosphoregulation mechanism |
is |
unique to plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (VAC1, VAC14, AT2G01690) (ASK1, SNRK2-4, SNRK2.4, SRK2A, AT1G10940) and (MyoB1, AT1G08800) |
displayed |
maximal phosphorylation at 2 min |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phosphorylation |
may mediate |
complex assembly with PI3P-5-kinase (ATKAS2, FAB1, KAS2, AT1G74960) during the stress response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NaCl treatment (300 mM) |
increases transcript abundance of |
(COR78, LTI140, LTI78, RD29A, AT5G52310) gene in (ELO4, HOS3-1, AT4G36830) and hos3-2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoids, quercetin and coumaroyl derivatives |
identified as |
defensive compounds to osmotic stress |
|
| preliminary analysis on wheat root exudates |
indicates that |
BNI trait is reduced upon an osmotic stress in certain genotypes |
|
| MpCIPK-B |
showed significant upregulation with |
sorbitol |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| cipk-b mutants |
did not respond to |
sorbitol of isoosmolar concentrations |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| osmotin proteins |
protect against osmotic shock through |
altering metabolism or structure in cells |
|
| abiotic stress marker gene LEA-like4 |
was again strongly induced by |
growth on treatment plates |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| MpPUB9 involvement in plant-specific regulation |
implies |
involvement of MpPUB9 in plant-specific regulation to deal with changes in water potential |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| MpCIPK-B |
does not respond to |
osmotic stress |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| PEG treatment |
induces similar pattern of expression as |
dehydration-induced CaDeSI2 expression |
Capsicum annuum |
| (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) mutant |
shows increased sensitivity to |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ced2 mutant |
is defective in |
osmotic stress-induced ABA accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ced2 mutant |
is impaired in |
osmotic stress regulation of a large number of genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (VAC1, VAC14, AT2G01690) |
is required for |
stress-induced PI(3,5)P2 production |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| pht4;6-1 seedlings |
is not hypersensitive to |
osmotic stress caused by mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RiMsn2 |
regulates |
osmotic homeostasis |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| AM fungal inoculation |
reduces |
free proline content in Medicago truncatula leaves |
Medicago truncatula |
| glutamyl-ACC (GACC) |
may be involved in regulation of |
early osmotic stresses |
|
| firefly luciferase reporter gene driven by the stress-responsive (ATNCED3, NCED3, SIS7, STO1, AT3G14440) promoter |
is used to enable |
genetic dissection of plant responses to osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| vacuolar protein Vac14p |
regulates levels of |
phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| Vacuolar ATPase D subunit |
shows phosphorylation increase of |
2.91-fold in response to mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (VAC1, VAC14, AT2G01690) |
is required for |
stress-induced PI(3,5)P2 production |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| genes with lower expression in response to elevated red light:far-red light ratio in bud n-2 |
enriched for |
osmotic stress response Gene Ontology terms |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GOSAMT2, AT4G27720) and (ATOPT6, OPT6, AT4G27730) |
are contiguous and likely only one affects |
Pro accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) (ATVSR3, BP80-2;2, UXS2, VSR2;2, VSR3, AT2G14740) double mutant |
shows obvious inhibition during |
germination and postgermination growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| molecular mechanisms involved in initial perception and response to dehydration |
are not well understood |
current understanding |
|
| shifts in active protein translation |
suggests heightened levels of |
posttranscriptional regulation |
|
| (AHA2, AtHA2, HA2, PMA2, AT4G30190) null mutants |
are not hypersensitive to |
sorbitol or NaCl treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| untargeted and targeted proteomic results |
indicate |
new pathways that may be important for osmotic adaptation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) transcript level |
returns to control level after |
prolonged stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ced2 mutant |
accumulates more |
ROS |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pH cyt |
regulates |
osmotic stress responses |
|
| MAPK phosphorylation |
likely plays |
important role in osmotic stress response |
|
| mannitol-responsive phosphorylation events |
provide insight to |
cellular processes involved in early signaling and adaptation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| six-day-old seedlings |
were transferred onto |
basal media containing mannitol (0, 200, 300, or 400 mM) |
|
| down-regulated genes in ced2 mutant |
include larger number of |
osmotic stress- or ABA-inducible genes |
|
| changes in the electrophysiological properties of the plasma membrane and vacuole membrane |
occurred prior to |
changes in gene expression |
|
| SnRK2 proteins |
play role in |
non-ABA-mediated dehydration responses |
|
| novel type of nuclear CaM-binding protein (ATCAMBP25, CAMBP25, AT2G41010) |
functions as |
negative regulator of osmotic stress responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ThCBL9 overexpression |
enhanced tolerance to |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression (OE) of OsPP18 in transgenic rice |
enhanced |
osmotic tolerance |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATHM4, ATM4, TRX-M4, AT3G15360) mutants |
had |
enhanced root elongation at low water potential |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| effect of MADS box and UspA gene mutants on Pro metabolism |
may not have been strong enough or of correct type to significantly affect |
low water potential tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress |
inhibits |
root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| higher [Ca2+]cyt in ced2 (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) mutants |
is consistent with |
more depolarized membrane potentials in the mutant |
|
| (ATCCD7, CCD7, MAX3, AT2G44990) mutant |
does not display defects in |
osmotic stress response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| this study |
investigates |
proteins involved in early response to hyperosmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (bZIP30, DKM, AT2G21230) |
shows phosphorylation increase of |
2.70-fold in response to mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ELO4, HOS3-1, AT4G36830) mutant |
shows enhanced |
primary root growth on mannitol osmotic-stress media |
|
| OsPP18-overexpressing plants |
showed improved tolerance to |
osmotic stress |
Oryza sativa |
| greater root elongation in (ATHM4, ATM4, TRX-M4, AT3G15360) |
cannot conclusively be attributed to |
increased Pro |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| turgor recovery |
is accompanied by |
arrest of cell growth and expansion |
|
| transgenic wheat that accumulated mannitol |
was found to have mannitol concentration too low to function as |
osmolyte |
Triticum aestivum |
| abscisic acid (ABA) |
reprograms |
gene expression |
|
| T-DNA mutants of (ATTRX H1, ATTRX1, TRX1, AT3G51030) (THIOREDOXIN1 [ ]) |
had |
more than 30% reduction in Pro accumulation at −1.2 MPa |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transgenic lines overexpressing (AT5G35380) |
had Pro levels indistinguishable from |
wild type under unstressed conditions (−0.25 MPa) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MAP3K Raf18 |
shows phosphorylation increase of |
2.50-fold in response to mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proline |
acts as |
osmoprotectant |
|
| expression of ABA- and osmotic-stress-responsive genes |
is increased in |
msi1-cs plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| accumulated metabolites under heat or osmotic stress |
act as osmolites, protecting cells from |
dehydration |
|
| ospp18 mutant |
is sensitive to |
osmotic stress |
Oryza sativa |
| untargeted and targeted isotope-assisted mass spectrometric methods |
used to characterize |
proteins whose degree of phosphorylation is rapidly altered by hyperosmotic treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| data from this study |
implicate |
new proteins and points of regulation in osmotic stress response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MAP4Kα1 |
shows phosphorylation increase of |
4.87-fold in response to mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 11 phosphopeptides |
cluster together in |
phosphorylation heat map |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proline |
acts as |
compatible solute |
|
| other differences in mutants |
may mitigate |
effect of having higher or lower Pro |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| turgor recovery |
is accompanied by |
shifts in active protein translation |
|
| UspA domain proteins (AT5G20310) and (GRUSP, USP, AT3G58450) |
had effect on Pro accumulation opposite to |
UspA kinase (AT3G35380) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress |
increased expression of |
1,849 genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) mutant seedlings |
showed lower percentage with green cotyledons than |
wild type at various days of growth and in presence of different concentrations of mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hyper-osmotic stress |
causes |
growth attenuation or cessation |
|
| trehalose |
is |
sugar osmolyte |
|
| mass spectrometric methods for quantifying changes in phosphoproteome |
provide opportunity to identify |
key phosphorylation events involved in osmotic stress response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| microtubule subunit TUA |
clusters in |
osmotic-responsive phosphorylation group |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KCl and mannitol concentrations tested |
failed to stimulate |
peroxisome proliferation in wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ELO4, HOS3-1, AT4G36830) mutant seedlings |
shows reduced luminescence compared to |
wild-type C24 RD29A:LUC seedlings after NaCl treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type plants |
show reduced root growth in response to |
NaCl stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsPP18-OE plants |
show significantly less suppression of shoot growth than |
wild-type plants |
Oryza sativa |
| mutants of several other genes in Region 9 including (AT1G30470) |
had |
no significant effect on Pro accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) mutant |
differs from wild type in |
calcium flux under osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VACUOLAR SORTING RECEPTOR 1 (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) |
is critical for |
osmotic stress tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ced2 mutant |
shows reduced |
ABA accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MAP4K Ste20 |
functions downstream of |
osmosensor Sho1 |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| MAP4K Ste20 |
activates |
(ATSAHH1, EMB1395, HOG1, MEE58, SAH1, SAHH1, AT4G13940) MAPK cascade |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| (VAC1, VAC14, AT2G01690) function |
is indicated to be |
highly responsive to osmotic perturbations |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress (200 mM mannitol) |
is one of |
12 specific treatments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ELO4, HOS3-1, AT4G36830) mutant |
exhibits tolerance to |
NaCl stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cells |
re-establish turgor by |
osmotic adjustment |
|
| mutant of (AT5G35380) |
reduced Pro content by |
nearly 20% |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) mutants |
displayed hypersensitivity to |
mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| protein phosphorylation |
is rapidly altered by |
hyperosmotic treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rapid protein phosphorylation response to dehydration |
is distinct from |
slower molecular phenotypes associated with mRNA changes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress |
induces |
accumulation of osmolytes |
|
| (AT5G20310) |
mutants of had |
increased Pro accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Cellulose synthase-like (ATCSLD3, CSLD3, KJK, RHD7, AT3G03050) |
shows phosphorylation increase of |
2.10-fold in response to mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AHA activity |
appears to be down-regulated through |
decreased penultimate Thr phosphorylation in (AHA1, HA1, OST2, PMA, AT2G18960) and (AHA2, AtHA2, HA2, PMA2, AT4G30190) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (MyoB1, AT1G08800) |
shows |
highest degree of phosphorylation at 2 min |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| light |
induces |
sucrose accumulation |
|
| ced2 mutant |
is defective in |
osmotic stress tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CED2/ (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) |
is essential for |
osmotic stress resistance |
|
| phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate |
is |
osmotic stress-induced phospholipid |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| ZmMPK17 transcript |
increases upon |
osmotic stress |
Zea mays |
| (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) mutant phenotype |
is not a result of |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AT5G54920) (MNM1, AT5G54930) and (AT5G54940) |
are contiguous and likely only one affects |
Pro accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutants of (RTH, AT3G51040) and (NERD1, AT3G51050) |
had |
no effect on Pro accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| membrane potentials of the vacuole and plasma membrane |
rapidly respond to |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (VAC1, VAC14, AT2G01690) |
clusters in |
osmotic-responsive phosphorylation group |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AHA2, AtHA2, HA2, PMA2, AT4G30190) null mutants |
are hypersensitive to |
KCl treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress response network |
includes |
MAP4K family proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (MyoB1, AT1G08800) |
is phosphorylated specifically in response to |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) mutants |
phenocopy |
osmotic stress-sensitive phenotype of ced2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) |
is required for |
full induction of (ATNCED3, NCED3, SIS7, STO1, AT3G14440) gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phosphorylation changes |
involved in cross talk with |
other signaling pathways |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| protein phosphorylation and mRNA measurements |
reveal |
minimal overlap between protein phosphorylation and mRNA measurements |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress response network |
includes |
(AtbZIP, bZIP, AT1G68880) transcription factors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) mutant |
differs from wild type in |
membrane potential under osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rapid phosphorylation analysis |
is important for observing |
phosphorylation responses before the onset of significant changes in protein synthesis/breakdown |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| some phosphopeptides |
show |
highest response to mannitol after only 2 min of treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ELO4, HOS3-1, AT4G36830) mutant |
shows enhanced transcript abundance of |
(COR78, LTI140, LTI78, RD29A, AT5G52310) gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PFD3, AT5G49510) mutants |
are not sensitive to |
mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 5-day-old seedlings |
transferred to |
GM medium supplemented with 300 mM mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) |
does so, at least in part, by regulating |
many osmotic stress-induced genes |
|
| turgor recovery |
is accompanied by |
restructuring of the cytoskeleton |
|
| (bZIP30, DKM, AT2G21230) phosphorylation |
is responsive to |
30 min of mannitol treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| myosin-binding proteins (MyoB) family members |
were shown to undergo |
increased phosphorylation in response to mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmolytes |
function for |
osmotic adjustment |
|
| elongation factor EF-Tu (AT4G02930) |
is |
protein with altered abundance under osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| vacuolar sugars |
can serve as |
production of osmoprotectants |
|
| osmotic stress- or ABA-inducible genes |
include those encoding |
protein kinases |
|
| similar pathway |
may be present in |
plants |
|
| TPR domain containing protein |
shows phosphorylation increase of |
2.61-fold in response to mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AHA proton pumps |
are speculated to be hyperactivated during |
osmotic stress response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cells |
respond to |
hyper-osmotic stress |
|
| malate dehydrogenase (MDH, pNAD-MDH, AT3G47520) |
is |
protein with altered abundance under osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| common compounds |
responding to |
variation in osmotic pressure across elevation gradient |
|
| increased levels of sugars and amino acids |
is indicative for |
production of compatible solutes |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (ATTRX H1, ATTRX1, TRX1, AT3G51030) and (ATHM4, ATM4, TRX-M4, AT3G15360) mutants |
had different effects on |
growth at low water potential |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutants of two genes in Region 81 |
clearly did not affect |
Pro accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| two T-DNA mutants of (eL24z, RPL24A, AT2G36620) |
had |
more than 20% increase in Pro accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Two T-DNA lines of (AT5G46320) |
had |
significantly higher Pro accumulation than Col wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| vsr1-3 allele |
is sensitive to |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1,299 phosphorylated peptides |
represent |
833 unique proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 12 proteins |
possess |
greater than 3-fold phosphorylation change |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| enhanced root growth upon osmotic stress |
is consistent with |
HOS3 functioning as negative regulator of stress-induced root growth inhibition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high osmotic stress induced by 300 mM mannitol |
causes highly reduced |
leaf development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sequestering of inorganic ions (Na+, K+ and Cl−) into the vacuole |
is |
one mechanism to cope with osmotic stress |
|
| proline |
is |
compatible solute |
|
| (CIPK11, PKS5, SIP4, SNRK3.22, AT2G30360) |
is normally enhanced by |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CaUBP12 expression |
is significantly induced by |
mannitol treatment |
Capsicum annuum |
| serrate (se) mutant |
is heightened in sensitivity to |
high osmoticum |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high accumulation of mannitol |
causes |
severe abnormalities |
Triticum aestivum |
| kinase-inactive (AtCPK21, CPK21, AT4G04720) variants |
remained |
tolerant to osmotic stress treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Qiān Shŏu kinase (QSK1), inflorescence meristem kinase 2, and CYSTEINE-RICH RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE2 (ASG6, CRK2, AT1G70520) |
rapidly relocate and cluster to |
plasmodesmata pores |
|
| CARAV1 |
triggers tolerance to |
osmotic stresses |
Capsicum annuum |
| maltose |
has been shown to act as |
compatible solute |
|
| (ABI5, AtABI5, DPBF1, GIA1, AT2G36270) in Arabidopsis thaliana under osmotic stress |
restrains |
seed germination and embryo development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| suppression of (AT-P5C1, AT-P5R, EMB2772, P5CR, AT5G14800) in soybean |
results in |
increased sensitivity to osmotic stress |
Glycine max |
| Maize overexpressing ZmPLC1 |
exhibited |
higher cellular solute content |
Zea mays |
| tomato P5CS expression in yeast cells |
showed that yeast growth is inversely correlated with |
proline accumulation under osmotic stress conditions |
|
| glycine betaine (GB) |
can be exogenously applied to |
plant cells |
|
| cpk21-1 mutant |
shows no enhanced tolerance on |
PEG-containing plates |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SNRK2-8, SNRK2.8, SRK2C, AT1G78290) /C |
is strongly stimulated by |
hyperosmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress |
triggers rapid relocation and clustering of |
Qiān Shŏu kinase (QSK1), inflorescence meristem kinase 2, and CYSTEINE-RICH RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE2 (ASG6, CRK2, AT1G70520) |
|
| PDX mutants |
react hypersensitively when exposed to |
mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 7-day-old seedlings |
were transferred to |
plates 1 MS, 3% sucrose 1.5% agar overlayed with PEG to osmotic potential of –0.45 and –0.95 MPa |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCPK21, CPK21, AT4G04720) mutant |
shows |
tolerance to osmotic stress treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SnRK2 kinases |
are essential for |
ABA accumulation in osmotic stress conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) mutant seedlings |
is hypersensitive to |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PFD5, AT5G23290) mutant |
shows lower root growth than |
wild-type plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proline level |
shows no significant difference among |
WT, mtctlk1 mutants, and MtCTLK1-OE plants before cold treatment |
Medicago truncatula |
| salt (Na+) stress |
exerts osmotic stress on |
living plant cells |
|
| succinyl-CoA ligase (AT2G20420) |
is |
protein with altered abundance under osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high level of osmolyte accumulation in plants |
is biologically expensive |
metabolic cost |
|
| heat stress |
increases levels of |
amino acids |
Hordeum vulgare |
| TEM |
modulates |
regulators of osmotic component of abiotic stress response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZFP179 |
is induced by |
PEG 6000 |
Oryza sativa |
| (AtCPK21, CPK21, AT4G04720) |
may contribute to |
mannitol uptake or metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| UWO |
has optimal growth temperature that is |
salt dependent |
Chlamydomonas raudensis |
| (ABI4, ATABI4, GIN6, ISI3, SAN5, SIS5, SUN6, AT2G40220) transcripts |
are high in, to a lesser extent, in |
seedlings exposed to osmotic agents |
|
| (AtCOR47, COR47, RD17, AT1G20440) |
is induced by |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proline, sorbitol, and trehalose |
were higher after |
5 weeks of salt stress in Clipper roots |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (SNRK2-8, SNRK2.8, SRK2C, AT1G78290) |
exhibited similar relative expression levels in |
(AAO3, AOdelta, At-AO3, AtAAO3, AT2G27150) KO roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tall fescue |
had higher proline contents |
proline content |
Festuca arundinacea |
| osmolyte-mediated osmotic adjustment (OA) |
is responsible for |
cell turgor maintenance |
|
| OsClo5 overexpression |
increased |
contents of proline |
Oryza sativa |
| AtCIPK3 transcription |
was induced by |
hyperosmosis treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants |
have adaptive robustness to |
osmotic stresses |
|
| (AtG3BP-1, AtG3BP8, NTF2, AT5G60980) |
is targeted by |
hyperosmotic stress signals |
|
| CaOSR1 expression |
is lower in CaSnRK2.6-silenced plants than control after |
dehydration stress |
Capsicum annuum |
| low amount of low molecular weight (LMW) PEG in PEG 6000 product |
suggests |
osmotic potential decrease did not affect root growth |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| Bu-5, Bur-0, Ll-1, Wl-0, and Zu-0 accessions |
showed |
osmotic stress tolerance after SA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsGMST1 transcript level |
is unaffected by |
PEG4000 |
Oryza sativa |
| (AtbZIP, bZIP, AT1G68880) transcription factor heterodimer |
requires phosphorylation of |
Sucrose–non-Fermenting1-Related kinase1 (AKIN10, KIN10, SnRK1, SnRK1α1, SNRK1.1, AT3G01090) |
|
| zmsro1e mutant |
showed no obvious difference from |
(B73, CHL6, CNX, CNX1, SIR4, AT5G20990) under osmotic stress |
Zea mays |
| GmDREB2 overexpression |
confers enhanced tolerance to |
osmotic stress (salt and drought) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cinnamic acid (CA) |
decreases |
leaf osmotic potential |
Dactylis glomerata; Lolium perenne; Rumex acetosa |
| osmolytes (maltose) |
serve as active response against |
osmotic stress |
|
| H2O2 accumulation at 24 h in salinized broccoli roots |
is mainly due to |
osmotic stress induced by external NaCl concentration |
Brassica oleracea |
| osmotolerance of Bu-5 plants after SA |
is |
semi-dominant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZmDBF1 overexpression |
confers enhanced tolerance to |
osmotic stress (salt and drought) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Annexin 1 gene (ANN1, ANNAT1, AtANN1, ATOXY5, OXY5, AT1G35720) |
plays a role in |
osmotic stress response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZFP179-ox plants |
accumulated more |
free proline |
Oryza sativa |
| Bu-5, Bur-0, Ll-1, Wl-0, and Zu-0 accessions except Wl-0 |
showed marked osmotic stress tolerance compared with |
Col-0 plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TaSnRK2.4 |
is involved in the regulation of |
enhanced osmotic potential |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SNAC2-overexpressing plants |
showed improved tolerance to |
osmotic stress |
Oryza sativa |
| transgene-induced increase in compatible solutes |
represented only a small portion of |
total osmotic adjustment (OA) of plant cells under osmotic stress |
|
| salt-acclimated Bu-5 plants |
exhibited marked tolerance of |
750 mM sorbitol stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PKABA1 |
was induced by |
hyperosmotic stress |
Triticum aestivum |
| GSH |
is required during |
initial phase of osmotic stress induced by salt stress |
Brassica oleracea |
| SnRK2 family |
is involved in |
hyperosmotic stress responses |
|
| δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) |
functions in |
protection of cells during osmotic stress |
|
| (AtTudor1, TSN1, Tudor1, AT5G07350) (AtTudor2, TSN2, Tudor2, AT5G61780) RNAi transgenic lines (R#4–R#7) |
show more severely affected growth under |
200mM mannitol stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| no clear accumulation of compatible solutes |
was observed |
under tebuconazole and GT treatments |
Lolium perenne |
| OsClo5 overexpression |
increased |
contents of soluble sugar |
Oryza sativa |
| osmotic stress |
promotes accumulation of |
proline (Pro) |
|
| PEG supply of 250 g l −1 |
is lethal to |
plants |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| mannitol |
had similar effect to |
NaCl |
Arabidopsis |
| freezing-induced cellular dehydration |
is |
cold-induced osmotic stress |
|
| (HHP1, AT5G20270) |
may contribute to |
osmotic stress sensitivity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| salt-acclimated osmotolerance mechanism of tolerant accessions |
is not dependent on |
expression level of responsible gene between tolerant and sensitive accessions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| microtubule bundling |
is relied on for |
control of protoplast volume during hyperosmotic stress response |
|
| Arabidopsis knock-out (KO) mutants |
reveal specific phenotypes in response to |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proline |
has proposed role in control of |
osmotic homeostasis |
|
| proteins absent before the stress-treatment and appearing at 10min and/or 3h time point |
are |
stress-induced 14-3-3 targets |
|
| peroxidase, EARLY-RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 2, and CATALASE2 |
are |
stress-responsive 14-3-3 targets |
|
| proline |
helps maintain |
cell turgor and growth |
Triticum aestivum |
| genetic, physiological, and media manipulations |
show that |
under normal growth conditions epidermal plastids of leaf experience hypoosmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dehydrated leaves mounted in water |
caused |
leaf epidermal plastids became large and round |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtSRK2C and NtOSAK |
show extremely early activation in |
cultured plant cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum |
| saline treatments |
decreases |
leaf osmotic potential |
Vicia faba |
| ABA-responsive CaRAV1 overexpression line |
enhances |
osmotic stress resistance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OPEN STOMATA 1 (ATOST1, OST1, P44, SNRK2-6, SNRK2.6, SRK2E, AT4G33950) |
is activated by hyperosmotic stress independently of |
abscisic acid (ABA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| eight to ten week old plants |
were treated by adding |
0.8 M sorbitol to hydroponic media |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress |
induces |
ZFP179 transcripts |
Oryza sativa |
| Col-0 plants |
showed |
complete chlorosis under 750 mM sorbitol stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decrease in water availability induced by osmotic stress |
might lead to |
turgor reduction |
|
| polyols and trehalose in Sahara roots |
rose 2-3-fold after |
short-term exposure to salt |
Hordeum vulgare |
| osmotolerance of Bu-5 plants after SA |
is thought to be |
semi-dominant phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Ss (ATLTP1, AtLtpI-4, LP1, LTP1, AT2G38540) accumulation |
is observed in |
cold-acclimating and non-acclimating Solanum species |
Solanum sogarandinum; Solanum tuberosum |
| (LTI65, RD29B, AT5G52300) |
is induced by |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SnRK2s |
might be activated almost from the beginning of |
osmotic stress |
|
| salinity |
imposes osmotic component resulting from |
reduced water availability caused by increased osmotic pressure in soil |
|
| Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins |
function in |
protection of cells during osmotic stress |
|
| 35S::Wlip19 transgenic tobacco |
became tolerant to |
high mannitol stress |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| various plants |
adopt |
RAM premature differentiation |
|
| water stress |
induces |
osmotic adjustment of swollen root tips |
Triticum aestivum |
| osmotic stress treatment |
reduces transcription of |
OsRAN2 |
Oryza sativa |
| PEG 6000 |
dehydrates root apoplast more than |
PEG 1000 |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| free proline |
increases |
osmotic potential |
|
| TaSnRK2.4 |
was identified in |
common wheat |
Triticum aestivum |
| TaSnRK2.7 |
responds to |
polyethylene glycol |
Triticum aestivum |
| free proline |
plays important role in |
buffering cellular redox |
|
| salts |
perturb |
water content of the cell |
|
| Sahara genotype |
has significantly higher Ψs compared with |
other three genotypes |
|
| high salt concentration in the root medium |
causes |
water stress |
|
| compatible solutes |
act as osmoprotectants to stabilize |
enzymes |
|
| roots exposed to higher salinity |
were reduced in growth mainly because of |
osmotic effect of salt |
Triticum turgidum |
| VvSIP1 expression in suspension-cultured cells (CSB, Cabernet Sauvignon Berry) |
did not change after treatment with |
osmotic stress (2% w/v PEG) |
Vitis vinifera |
| proline |
accumulates during |
water stress |
Triticum aestivum |
| Arabidopsis mutant lacking two plastid-localized MS channels |
was used as |
sensitized background for analysis of plastidic osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MS channels |
offer |
likely molecular mechanism by which endosymbiotic organelles respond to hypoosmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hyperosmotic conditions |
increases |
nuclear stiffness |
|
| hyperosmotic stress |
relationship with gene expression remains to be fully characterized in |
plants |
|
| chromatin |
can become more compact upon |
hyperosmotic treatment |
|
| leaf osmotic potential in salt treatments |
also decreased in |
salt treatments compared with control |
|
| dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) |
acts as compatible solute to counter |
osmotic stress |
|
| percentage of plants with healthy green cotyledons |
decreased more rapidly in |
wild-type plants than in 35S::Wlip19-#9 and 35S::Wlip19-#15 plants during 4 d of mannitol treatment |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| salt stress |
induces expression of |
(HHP1, AT5G20270) (hepta helical protein 1) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 7B-1 mutant |
shows resistance to |
osmotic stress |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 0.15 M mannitol treatment |
does not induce significant |
gene expression in selected genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nuclear shape |
contributes to |
plant response to osmotic stress |
|
| plasmolysis treatment |
is |
osmotic stress condition |
|
| alternative oxidase (AOX1A, ATAOX1A, AtHSR3, HSR3, AT3G22370) |
is important for |
osmotic stress tolerance |
|
| TaSnRK2.7 plants |
grew slowly under |
severe osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| water deficit treatment |
induces |
Ss (ATLTP1, AtLtpI-4, LP1, LTP1, AT2G38540) accumulation |
Solanum sogarandinum; Solanum tuberosum |
| (ADH, ADH1, ATADH, ATADH1, AT1G77120) |
is induced by |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HHP1, AT5G20270) |
expression is induced by |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress (339 mM sorbitol) |
results in |
cell viability of approximately 40% after 48 h |
Micrasterias |
| (AtCOR15A, COR15, COR15A, AT2G42540) |
is induced by |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sorbitol |
was at 7-fold level in |
Clipper roots after 5 weeks of salt stress |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (ATCBF3, CBF3, DREB1A, AT4G25480) |
expression is up-regulated in |
wild-type and transgenic plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sulphotransferase 12 (AtSOT1, AtSOT12, ATST1, AtSULT202A1, RAR047, SOT12, ST, ST1, SULT202A1, AT2G03760) |
is highly expressed under |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| salt treatment |
induces |
Ss (ATLTP1, AtLtpI-4, LP1, LTP1, AT2G38540) accumulation |
Solanum sogarandinum; Solanum tuberosum |
| drought and salt-stress conditions |
result in noticeable accumulation of Ss LTP1 protein in |
two groups of Solanum species and lines |
Solanum species |
| anthocyanins |
have correlative evidence for a relationship with |
osmotic stress |
|
| aluminium-treated cells |
were extensively plasmolysed in |
0.3 M mannitol |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| 14-3-3 mutants |
show different responses to |
mannitol treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| large, spherical appearance of nongreen plastids |
is suggestive of |
increased osmotic pressure within the plastids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATGA20OX3, GA20OX3, YAP169, AT5G07200) mutants ( -1 and -2) |
show more severely inhibited growth under |
200mM mannitol stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transgenic plants subjected to mannitol (200mM) stress |
accumulated higher levels of reducing sugars compared with |
WT and VT plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress |
induces expression of |
(HHP1, AT5G20270) (hepta helical protein 1) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| salinity stress |
causes reduction of |
water uptake |
|
| osmolytes |
are thought to |
counteract dehydration effect of low water activity |
|
| anthocyanin synthesis |
is inducible under |
sugar treatments |
|
| aluminium-treated cells |
were not plasmolysed in |
0.25 M mannitol (370 mOsm kg−1) |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| 14-3-3 interactome |
is markedly affected by |
mannitol treatment |
|
| addition of 30 mM Mtl |
suggests that |
this non-metabolizable sugar might generate additional stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| prolonged exposure to osmotic stress |
induced |
widening of ageing roots |
|
| overexpression of IAA in S. meliloti 1021 |
played positive role in adaptation to osmotic stress in |
free-living bacteria |
Sinorhizobium meliloti |
| osmotolerance locus of Bur-0, Cal-0, Ll-1, and Zu-0 |
showed strong linkage to |
same position as Bu-5 osmotolerance locus |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsRAN2 expression |
was determined under |
osmotic stress |
Oryza sativa |
| Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) |
alleviates |
oxidative damage from osmotic stress |
Ipomoea batatas |
| immersion of excised leaves in a hypertonic solution |
reliably and reversibly ameliorates |
large, round leaf epidermal plastid phenotype of msl2-1 msl3-1 plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings |
were subjected to |
iso- or hypo-osmotic treatments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gip1gip2 nuclei |
fully mimic |
WT nuclei under hyperosmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gip1gip2 nuclear shapes |
remain unchanged in |
harsher osmotic conditions (0.4 M and 0.6 M mannitol) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased expression of AOX genes and ND genes in (SLG1, AT5G08490) |
may still be insufficient to reduce ROS level when responding to |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of IAA in S. meliloti 1021 |
played positive role in |
adaptation to osmotic stress |
Sinorhizobium meliloti |
| glycerol-3-P and inositol |
were at higher concentration in |
Sahara roots after short-term salt exposure |
Hordeum vulgare |
| proline |
is |
best known compatible solute in plants |
|
| (HHP1, AT5G20270) |
might play role in |
osmotic stress signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress (339 mM sorbitol) |
results in |
cell viability of approximately 60% after 12 h |
Micrasterias |
| osmoregulation mechanism |
is conserved in |
yeast |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| (ATHSFA2, HSFA2, AT2G26150) overexpression in Arabidopsis wild-type background |
was shown to enhance tolerance of seedlings germinating on medium with |
high salt or mannitol concentrations |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| experiments |
analysed |
effects of osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) |
Vitis vinifera |
| un |
is not the only background showing |
reduced sensitivity to mannitol |
|
| existing media |
was replaced by |
CM containing 600 nM ISX but without mannitol or PEG |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hyperosmotic stress |
shrinks |
nucleus |
|
| hyperosmotic conditions |
reduces |
nuclear area |
|
| nucleoplasm crowding |
may reduce |
nucleus size |
|
| nucleoplasm crowding |
may increase |
nuclear internal density |
|
| (SLG1, AT5G08490) |
is more sensitive than WT to |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ns-LTP1 transcripts |
are up-regulated in response to |
various environmental stimuli leading to cell dehydration |
|
| high-level overexpression of the Arabidopsis (ATHSFA2, HSFA2, AT2G26150) gene |
confers |
salt/osmotic stress tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sugars |
help maintain |
osmotic balance |
|
| genes with higher expression in response to elevated red light:far-red light ratio in bud n-2 |
enriched for |
osmotic stress Gene Ontology terms |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high levels of sucrose and fructose |
may be acting as |
osmoprotectants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| defective EGM genotypes |
behave like |
plants that do not perceive and respond to mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (RLK, AT5G67280) kinases |
are involved in transduction of |
osmotic stress signals |
|
| FvWRKY42 |
may play an important role in |
salt stress response regulation |
|
| transgenic T(2) plants |
showed increased levels of |
soluble sugars |
Avena sativa |
| OsACA6 transgenic plants |
exhibited |
enhanced tolerance to PEG stress |
Oryza sativa |
| (EGM1, AT1G11300) and EGM2 |
control |
plant growth responses to mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EGM1, AT1G11300) and EGM2 |
act together to induce |
EGM response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (LEA, AT2G21490) proteins |
are associated with |
osmotic stress |
|
| salt supplementation |
increases |
proline content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| yeast protein kinase (ATSAHH1, EMB1395, HOG1, MEE58, SAH1, SAHH1, AT4G13940) (high osmolarity glycerol 1) |
regulates |
many target genes through transcriptional activators Msn2/4, (ATHSP101, HOT1, HSP101, AT1G74310) and Sko1 |
|
| RiMsn2 |
can complement |
growth defect induced by hyperosmosis in ScMsn2/4 knock-out strains |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| osmotic stress |
shows no significant induction of |
TG markers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 14-3-3 root interactome |
markedly responds to |
mannitol application |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| control cells |
were distinctly plasmolysed in |
0.35 M mannitol (490 mOsm kg−1) |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| IgASE1 transgenic seedlings |
exhibit greater osmotic tolerance than |
WT seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nNOS transgenic plants |
accumulated higher levels of |
osmolytes (proline, sucrose, and total soluble sugars) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sag mutants |
show much lower germination and green cotyledon rates than |
wild-type seeds |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| polyethylene glycol treatment |
does not greatly increase |
OsRAN1 mRNA levels |
Oryza sativa |
| osmolytes |
are induced in response to |
water deficit |
|
| upsilon and nu |
show unequal redundancy in |
mannitol insensitivity |
|
| (BAM3, AT4G20270) |
is symmetrically repressed |
under osmotic stress |
|
| hhp1-1 mutant |
shows higher sensitivity to |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hhp1-1 mutant |
shows more sensitive induction of stress-responsive genes to |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mannitol |
does not show significant induction of |
LIN6 promoter |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| osmotic stress treatment (mannitol) |
causes |
14-3-3 interactome changes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nu added to kl background |
shows larger |
leaf elongation under hyperosmotic stress (LEH) compared to wild-type on mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leaf epidermal plastid phenotype of the msl2-1 msl3-1 mutant |
can be attributed to |
abnormally high stromal osmolarity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (DAL1, SP1, AT1G63900) mutant plants |
showed similar results under |
osmotic stress conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorophyll accumulation |
used as measure of |
stress tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cell wall softening and hypo-osmotic treatment |
induces |
cell swelling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased nuclear stiffness |
provides mechanical shielding through |
resistance to hyperosmotic stress |
|
| remaining ABA and/or osmostress-upregulated genes |
were either |
SnRK2 regulated (14.0%) or HK regulated (10.4%) |
Physcomitrella patens |
| (ATP5CS, P5CS1, AT2G39800) |
is differentially regulated according to |
osmotic stress responses |
Medicago truncatula |
| exogenous application of NO |
induces proline accumulation in plants under |
osmotic stress |
|
| tebuconazole |
was hypothesized to induce |
compatible solute accumulation |
|
| bacterial MS ion channel MscS |
protects against |
cellular lysis during osmotic downshock |
|
| hyperosmotic stress (0.3 M mannitol) on gip1gip2 seedlings |
does not induce further |
nuclear deformation in gip1gip2 nuclei |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PpARK/ (AtCTR1, CTR1, SIS1, AT5G03730) |
was essential for |
SnRK2 activation |
Physcomitrella patens |
| plants defective in GIP proteins |
exhibit this response constitutively |
nuclear stiffness and touch gene expression scaling with osmotic environment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nuclear envelope factors |
contribute to |
plant response to osmotic stress |
|
| AR7 mutant protonemata |
were killed by |
osmotic stress and desiccation treatments |
Physcomitrella patens |
| knock-out mutant of TAIR: (ATLAC2, LAC2, AT2G29130) |
shows |
slightly reduced root elongation under osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| efflux of osmolytes |
prevents |
cellular lysis |
Escherichia coli |
| regain in cellular turgor |
triggers in systemic tissues |
At GLR3.3-dependent cytosolic Ca2+ increase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 73 proteins |
were identified at |
different time points |
|
| nine proteins exclusively found in the control plants |
indicate |
negative regulation by mannitol stress |
|
| complemented lines |
restore sensitivity to |
mannitol to wild-type levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pEGM1:EGM1 construct |
fully complemented |
(EGM1, AT1G11300) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mannose, mannitol and sorbitol |
alter |
osmotic status |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| IP3 |
rapidly accumulates after treatment with |
NaCl, KCl and sorbitol |
|
| proline |
putatively acts as |
osmolyte |
Picochlorum celeri |
| (KIN1, AT5G15960) |
expression is up-regulated in |
wild-type and transgenic plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nitrate reductase (NR) |
is involved in |
NO production during osmotic stress response in roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NaCl (200 mM) and sorbitol (400 mM) |
induce |
osmolality shifts |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (P5CS2, AT3G55610) |
is differentially regulated according to |
osmotic stress responses |
Medicago truncatula |
| (MSL2, AT5G10490) |
are required to |
release ions from the plastid in response to changes in envelope-membrane tension |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| level of Pro accumulation |
is not always |
strong indicator of stress tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PEG-induced osmotic stress |
causes transient increase in |
membrane depolarization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ced2, (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) (ATVSR3, BP80-2;2, UXS2, VSR2;2, VSR3, AT2G14740) and (BP80-2;1, MTV2, MTV4, VSR2;1, VSR4, AT2G14720) mutants |
show significantly higher |
membrane depolarization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| triple mutants in the un background |
show larger |
LEH on mannitol |
|
| silicon treatment |
reduces decrease in |
total dry weight under osmotic stress |
Sorghum bicolor |
| (GRUSP, USP, AT3G58450) |
mutants of had |
increased Pro accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| T-DNA mutants of (NF-YA5, NFYA5, AT1G54160) |
did have |
increased Pro accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) (ATVSR3, BP80-2;2, UXS2, VSR2;2, VSR3, AT2G14740) mutants |
were more depolarized relative to |
wild-type plants |
|
| ced2 (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) mutants |
had higher [Ca2+]cyt upon osmotic stress treatment |
osmotic stress treatment |
|
| water loss |
is important for identifying |
genetic and chemical interventions |
|
| 11 proteins displaying relatively osmotic-specific phosphorylation responses |
highlight |
new processes that may play important roles |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings grown in presence of mannitol |
shows no significant difference in growth compared with |
control samples |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| multiple members of Arabidopsis UspA domain proteins |
are effectors of |
Pro accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutants of other three adjacent genes including (AT2G36630) |
did not significantly differ from |
wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| arHIF[Col] |
shows induction of |
(EGM1, AT1G11300) and EGM2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| truncated version of (MSL3, AT1G58200) |
is capable of rescuing |
osmotic-shock sensitivity of MJF465 |
|
| IPTG-inducible expression of MscS |
is sufficient to restore |
hypo-osmotic-shock survival to MJF465 |
Escherichia coli |
| (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) mutant |
differs from wild type in |
vacuolar pH changes under osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ced2 mutant |
shows markedly inhibited |
early seedling growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| vacuolar trafficking mediated by (ATELP, ATELP1, ATVSR1, BP-80, BP80, BP80-1;1, BP80B, GFS1, MTV18, VSR1, VSR1;1, AT3G52850) |
is important for |
osmotic stress tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proteins implicated in the osmotic response |
did not show |
stress-induced changes in gene expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| several proteins experiencing osmotic stress-induced phosphoregulation |
provide insight into |
cellular mechanisms occurring during the initial stress response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress treatment |
applied to |
four to 5-week-old Arabidopsis thaliana plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress |
results in |
decrease in transcript abundance for several genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| adenosine kinase (ADK1, ATADK1, AT3G09820) |
is |
protein with altered abundance under osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| msl2-1 msl3-1 plants |
exhibit |
large, round leaf epidermal plastid phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gip1gip2 mutant |
is resistant to |
lethal hyperosmotic conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nuclei in gip1gip2 mutant |
are almost insensitive to |
osmotic changes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hyperosmotic stress for 16 h followed by recovery on normal medium for 7 h |
results in |
no significant induction of selected genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| T-DNA mutation of (LON1, LON_ARA_ARA, AT5G26860) |
led to |
reduced Pro accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| observation that (ATHM4, ATM4, TRX-M4, AT3G15360) had higher Pro |
may be consistent with |
greater root elongation in (ATHM4, ATM4, TRX-M4, AT3G15360) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress perturbation |
induces |
protein phosphorylation changes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (RPN13, AT2G26590) |
shows phosphorylation increase of |
3.84-fold in response to mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MAP4Kα1 gene expression |
shows |
no response in array data |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| N-rich protein (NRP, NRP1, AT5G42050) -mediated cell death signaling |
is induced by |
osmotic stress |
Glycine max |
| mutants of (ATHM4, ATM4, TRX-M4, AT3G15360) |
had |
higher Pro accumulation than Col wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phosphorylation changes |
represent |
phosphorylation increases rather than changes in protein abundance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Unknown protein (AT5G58510) |
shows phosphorylation increase of |
2.10-fold in response to mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtALDH7B4 |
is encoded by |
osmotic stress-inducible ALDH gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| growth attenuation or cessation |
is attributable to |
turgor reduction |
|
| reversibility of gene expression upon recovery |
is consistent with |
idea that induction of genes relates to hyperosmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| monitoring of osmotic shocks by MSL family members |
maintains |
cell viability |
|
| ABA- or osmostress-activated SnRK2 activities |
were not observed in |
(AHK5, CKI2, HK5, AT5G10720) /13/20/24 QKO plants |
Physcomitrella patens |
| PEG-infused agar |
produced similar results to |
mannitol |
|
| nuclear response to hyperosmotic stress |
is rescued upon return to |
iso-osmotic conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hyperosmotic stress (0.3 M mannitol) |
causes mild |
cytoplasmic detachment from cell wall |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| extracted WT nuclei upon mannitol treatment |
maintain |
shape defects |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nu, phi, and (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) mutations in the kl background |
result in LEH phenotypes similar to |
un phenotype |
|
| (FER, AT3G51550) mutants |
do not show hypersensitivity to |
hyper-osmotic stress from mannitol or sorbitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gip1gip2 mutant |
resists hyperosmotic stress better than |
wild-type |
|
| confocal images |
were captured after |
salt treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| organelles |
may respond similarly to |
abrupt changes in cytoplasmic osmolarity |
|
| WT leaves subjected to dehydration and rehydration regime |
showed no |
lysis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (MSL2, AT5G10490) and (MSL3, AT1G58200) |
are required to relieve |
hypoosmotic stress in the stroma of leaf epidermal plastids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hyperosmotic stress |
decreases |
nuclear circularity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| WT nuclei in surviving cells upon 0.4 M and 0.6 M mannitol treatment |
are strongly deformed compared to |
iso-osmotic control nuclei |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hyperosmotic stress (0.3 M mannitol) |
induces response comparable to |
gip1gip2 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ETR-HKs of Physcomitrella patens |
are |
integral part of core module for ABA and osmostress responses |
Physcomitrella patens |
| quadruple mutant of ABA-independent class I SnRK2 members ( (ASK2, SNRK2-1, SNRK2.1, SRK2G, AT5G08590) /2.4/2.5/2.10) |
revealed elevated |
proline levels in response to osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased level of expression of (EGM1, AT1G11300) and EGM2 |
resulted in |
stronger growth reduction on Man60 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| T-DNA mutants in several SD1 members |
showed no obvious phenotypic indication for involvement in |
mannitol response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 150 μL of either water or 140 mM mannitol |
was injected to produce |
hypo-osmotic or iso-osmotic treatments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root meristematic nuclei after 0.3 M mannitol treatment |
exhibit deformed shape compared to |
non-treated plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| withholding water |
rescues |
msl2-1 msl3-1 leaf epidermal plastid phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| WT roots treated with 280 mM mannitol |
showed far fewer |
[Ca2+] transients |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sorbitol treatment |
affects |
root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cell swelling |
is a fundamental property of |
cellular response to osmotic challenges |
|
| WT nuclei at 0.6 M mannitol |
have lower nuclear area than |
WT nuclei at 0.3 M mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GIP |
would indirectly control |
gel-like properties of chromatin |
|
| ABA and/or osmostress-upregulated genes in Physcomitrella patens |
were regulated by |
HK and/or SnRK2 |
Physcomitrella patens |
| regain in cellular turgor |
triggers in systemic tissues |
increase of apoplastic L-Glu |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress |
denatures |
cytosolic proteins |
|
| putative receptor-like kinases (RLKs) |
are not involved in osmotic effect of mannitol |
osmotic effect of mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| EGM2 containing putative mannose-binding and putative carbohydrate-binding domains |
suggests that variation in shoot growth results from |
osmotic stress imposed by mannitol or action specific to mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| WT and GFP plants |
stopped growing under |
severe osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NOJ |
accumulates higher levels of |
proline |
Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena |
| Sinorhizobium meliloti RD64 strain |
accumulates higher level of |
trehalose |
Sinorhizobium meliloti |
| trehalose |
increased in |
roots of both cultivars |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (DAL1, SP1, AT1G63900) transcript levels |
are elevated under |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AHK5, CKI2, HK5, AT5G10720) /13/20/24 QKO mutant |
shows defects in establishing |
osmostress tolerance |
Physcomitrella patens |
| WT (SLG1, AT5G08490) transformation |
rescues mutant phenotypes in terms of |
response to osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings with NaCl, sucrose, or mannitol |
has been demonstrated to decrease |
leaf osmotic potential |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Lettuce and radish roots |
are grown with or without |
sorbitol at 20°C or 28°C |
Lactuca sativa; Raphanus sativus |
| transcriptomes at different stages |
were analyzed to determine |
response mechanisms of P. patens to diluted seawater |
Physcomitrella patens |
| significant numbers of (ANAC008, SOG1, AT1G25580) target genes |
were upregulated in response to |
osmotic stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mannitol treatment |
affects |
root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings |
were vertically grown on |
CM plates supplemented with 140 mM mannitol or PEG |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of ABA receptor (AtPYL4, PYL4, RCAR10, AT2G38310) |
enhances |
osmolyte levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hyperosmotic stress responses |
are reversible upon return to |
iso-osmotic conditions |
|
| (ATCBF3, CBF3, DREB1A, AT4G25480) |
was expressed under the control of |
osmotic stress-inducible (COR78, LTI140, LTI78, RD29A, AT5G52310) promoter |
|
| (ATCESA8, CESA8, IRX1, LEW2, AT4G18780) mutants |
exhibits resistance to |
mannitol |
|