| nutrient supplementation |
indicates that floral traits should be at least as responsive to |
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) |
|
| consumption of the vacuole |
would allow for |
parasite to immediately consume the major polysaccharide storage within the host cell |
Maullinia ectocarpii |
| fungi |
is key to enhancing |
plant nutrient-acquisition strategies |
|
| root hairs |
have a role in |
absorbing nutrients |
|
| efficient nutrient uptake by plants |
would allow for |
coupling of plant and ant colony growth |
Caularthron bilamellatum |
| vascular epiphyte morphological adaptations |
enable |
nutrient uptake from decomposing organic matter from plants, insects, birds or other organisms |
|
| plants |
secret exudates to recruit microbiomes in exchange for |
nutrients |
|
| root morphology |
plays central role in |
acquisition of soil P |
|
| close interface between the parasite and the amyloplast |
allows |
consumption of leaked sugars without cutting the organelle off from the nucleus |
Plasmodiophora brassicae |
| species with higher root morphological and anatomical plasticity |
may show greater |
P-uptake rate when P limitation is alleviated |
|
| species with larger genomes |
have higher |
nitrogen (N) demands |
|
| thick melanized hyphae and thin endophytic hyphae |
results in synergism in |
nutrient uptake |
Caularthron bilamellatum |
| Representation of nitrogen (N) acquisition processes |
was more developed than |
phosphorus (P) acquisition |
|
| association with ants |
enables access to |
nutrient resources |
|
| ant presence |
enhances |
nutrient uptake capabilities |
Caularthron bilamellatum |
| plants at vigorous vegetative and reproductive developmental stages |
have requirement for |
large amount of nutrients |
|
| antifungal nature of Bg_9562 |
enables bacterium to utilize |
plant-associated fungi as nutrient source |
Burkholderia gladioli |
| fine roots |
are involved in |
nutrient acquisition |
|
| Caularthron bilamellatum |
sacrifices |
water storage tissue |
Caularthron bilamellatum |
| AM fungi and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) |
significantly increased |
plant phosphorus (P) content |
|
| new root hair mutants in grasses |
have the potential to illuminate |
mechanisms of plant nutrition |
|
| mycorrhizal fungi |
enhance |
plant's ability to acquire nutrients (especially N and P) critical to floral display |
|
| enhanced nutrient availability in soil and pathogen suppression |
promote |
nutrient uptake |
|
| endophytic fungi |
may be functionally equivalent to |
mycorrhizal mycelia in roots |
|
| intracellular eukaryotic parasites |
can obtain macromolecules from their host via |
endocytosis |
|
| C3 and C4 grasses |
show correlation between root PUR and Pn in response to |
soil P availability |
|
| hyphosphere microbiome |
play important roles on |
nutrient acquisition for the mycorrhizal pathway |
|
| advanced genotypes |
have greater |
greater total nutrient content per length compared with reduced genotypes |
|
| plants |
receive approximately 50% of their nitrogen from |
associations with AMF |
|
| drought stress |
strongly limits |
nutrient uptake |
|
| ant wastes |
contribute to nutrient needs of |
host plant |
|
| combination of root morphology and anatomy |
can more comprehensively enhance |
soil volume from which roots can acquire P and water |
|
| RSL overexpression |
did not improve |
phosphate uptake and content |
|
| enhanced growth of both plants and fungi |
may increase |
need and capacity for symbiotic nutrient provision |
|
| hydrogen sulphide at 15 micromolar concentration |
caused reduction of 80% in |
phosphorous uptake |
rice cultivars |
| higher root contact with soil |
increases ability to take up |
nutrients |
Cleistogenes squarrosa |
| changes in leaf [Mn] |
were positively correlated with |
leaf [P] |
|
| ECM species in mixed cultures |
demonstrate preference for |
carbon over nitrogen |
|
| ant waste in hollow pseudobulbs |
serves as |
nutrient source |
Caularthron bilamellatum |
| N addition |
may directly alleviate |
N limitation for plants |
|
| plant growth |
is limited by |
phosphorus (P) |
|
| specific rhizosphere metabolites enriched by intercropping |
may enhance |
nutrient uptake |
Zea mays |
| AM woody plants |
exhibit higher |
foliar N and P concentrations |
|
| access to nutrients |
may be more important than |
water storage |
Caularthron bilamellatum |
| importance of nutrient supply from ants to plants |
may be different depending on |
ecology and habitat of the host plant |
|
| Plasmodiophora brassicae glucose transporters |
have been found to significantly increase in |
late stages of infection |
Plasmodiophora brassicae |
| low soluble phosphorus (P) concentration in soils |
may stimulate |
plants and microorganisms to secrete more phosphatase |
|
| AM fungi |
increase |
plant uptake of other elements |
|
| root system responsiveness |
enables |
exploitation of high nutrient density regions |
|
| buzz mutant |
has no statistically significant difference in |
total nitrogen in shoots and roots compared with Bd21 |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| Restionaceae |
has evolved |
cluster roots |
|
| Caularthron bilamellatum |
is |
epiphytic orchid |
Caularthron bilamellatum |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (ECM), or ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi |
enable access to |
soil nutrients |
|
| enhanced nutrient availability in rhizosphere |
facilitate |
greater plant nutrient uptake |
|
| plants at high-altitude biome |
exhibit conservative resource-use strategy to adapt to |
nutrient limitation at high-altitude biome |
woody plant species |
| establishing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) symbioses |
is |
outsource P-acquisition strategy |
|
| study by Gegenbauer et al. |
informs understanding of |
diversity of strategies used by plants to acquire nutrients |
|
| positive feedbacks |
involve |
mycorrhizal symbioses |
|
| The most common nutrient parameter functionally related to nutrient uptake in the models |
was |
rate of nitrogen (N) uptake, which was responsive to changes in soil nutrient availability (five models), followed by the rate of phosphorus (P) uptake (four models) |
|
| EcM woody plants |
have lower |
foliar N and P concentrations |
|
| mycorrhizal symbioses |
are important for |
P capture |
|
| extraradical hyphae of AM fungi |
improve |
plant phosphorus (P) nutrition |
|
| P found predominantly in topsoil |
suggests that increasing distribution of roots in topsoil may increase |
P-acquisition |
|
| plants |
should increase biomass allocation to |
roots |
|
| reduced transpiration (E) |
can restrict |
nutrient uptake |
|
| phosphorus (P) relations |
is a leading explanation for why plants engage in |
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis |
|
| pesticides |
may be responsible for |
reduced arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-mediated nutrient acquisition from agricultural soils |
|
| angiosperms |
compared to gymnosperms, have higher |
leaf nitrogen content |
|
| delayed transition into the role of axial transport |
may allow roots to acquire |
more resources from the surrounding soil for a greater length of time |
|
| root length and root density |
are positively correlated with |
mineral element uptake |
|
| axial roots |
have particular importance in |
P acquisition |
|
| transgenic tobacco plants with an enhanced root system |
showed better growth on |
medium with low Mg content |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| root elongation |
can improve |
subsoil foraging for mobile resources |
Zea mays |
| transgenic barley plants with enhanced root system |
show |
increased accumulation of several soil nutrients in leaves and seeds |
Hordeum vulgare |
| greater rooting depth |
results in |
greater capture of deep soil resources by remaining axial roots |
Zea mays |
| altered CK status of the root |
may improve |
acquisition of soil nutrients |
|
| crown roots |
are responsible primarily for |
soil resource acquisition |
Zea mays |
| patterning and characteristics of root hairs |
leads to |
increased absorptive surface of the root |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| poor root growth |
causes reduced efficiency of |
water and nutrient uptake |
|
| maize lines with small crown root number (CN) |
had greater nitrogen (N) acquisition from |
deep soil strata |
Zea mays |
| better P acquisition |
occurs under |
suboptimal P availability |
Zea mays |
| empirical observations of plants grown in controlled environment mesocosms and in the field |
are utilized to explore |
effect of reduced secondary growth of roots on phosphorus (P) acquisition |
|
| production of axial roots |
is particularly important for |
balance between capture of mobile and immobile resources |
|
| axial roots of monocot crops |
have fewer mycorrhizal symbioses than |
dicot crops |
|
| increased root distribution in surface soil strata |
may be disadvantageous for |
capture of mobile soil resources like water and N |
Zea mays |
| increased total volume of soil explored |
increases |
acquisition of soil resources |
|
| specific root length |
is |
root morphological adaptation to P stress |
|
| increased root distribution in surface soil strata |
could facilitate |
topsoil foraging for immobile resources like P |
Zea mays |
| Phosphorus (P) |
has suboptimal availability for |
plant growth |
|
| shallow root growth angles |
enables |
increased topsoil foraging |
|
| contrasting architectural strategies |
have important implications for |
spatiotemporal dynamics of topsoil foraging |
|
| roots under phosphorus (P) stress |
achieve greater exploration of |
soil domains that have not been depleted of phosphorus (P) |
|
| soil resource acquisition |
is especially important for |
P |
Zea mays |
| interplant competition |
is quite small for |
P acquisition |
|
| phosphorus (P) availability |
is primary limitation to |
plant growth |
|
| AM fungi |
improve |
mineral nutrition (particularly phosphate) of the partner |
|
| common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) with greater basal root whorl number |
had shallower rooting and greater root length |
topsoil foraging |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| root cortical aerenchyma |
is beneficial for |
capture of the immobile resources P and K |
Zea mays |
| nutrient-starved conditions |
allow plants to |
modify roots to efficiently explore heterogeneous soil environment for nutrients |
|
| Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) proteins |
are involved in |
soil scavenging |
|
| increasing CK degradation in roots by root-specific expression of a CKX gene |
causes |
increased accumulation of micronutrients and macronutrients in aerial plant parts |
|
| axial roots of monocot crops |
have fewer |
mycorrhizal symbioses |
|
| efficient nutrient uptake by plants |
would be beneficial for |
both plant and ant mutualistic partners |
Caularthron bilamellatum |
| iron sulphide plaques |
hamper |
nutrient uptake |
wild rice |
| filamentous cyanobacterium found in biocrusts |
secret exudates to recruit microbiomes in exchange for |
nutrients |
|
| New data presented here from Panama and Singapore |
demonstrate |
variation in nutrient uptake rates for different nutrients, with some links to root morphological traits that could be used to further develop resource acquisition syndromes |
|
| ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi |
are capable of using |
organic forms of nutrients |
|
| root system |
is important for |
nutrient uptake |
|
| reduced root secondary growth |
improves |
phosphorus capture |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| development of root length |
can improve |
soil resource acquisition |
Zea mays |
| soil pH |
has strong impact on |
availability of mineral nutrients |
|
| plant roots |
explore |
soil |
|
| pollen grains |
must retrieve all of their nutrients from |
locular fluid |
|
| ammonium uptake |
results in |
root acidification |
Oryza sativa |
| mutualistic biotrophic fungi |
differ in |
nutritional strategies |
|
| mycorrhizas |
affect aphid fitness through |
improved nutrition |
|
| studies in progress |
examine |
responses of different crops and cultivars to immobile resources (e.g. phosphate and iron) |
|
| biotrophic pathogens |
are equipped to utilize |
nutrients provided by living plant cells |
|
| beneficial bacteria |
use ACC as |
nitrogen source |
|
| mineral nutrients |
are primarily acquired from |
soil |
|
| lateral roots |
is important for |
phosphorus acquisition |
Zea mays |
| root hairs |
provide access to |
immobile nutrients such as phosphate (Pi) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant roots |
acquire nutrients from |
soil |
|
| plants |
are dependent on |
nutrient ion uptake from the soil |
|
| nitrogen |
is |
essential macronutrient |
|
| symbiotic associations |
improve |
plant nutrition |
|
| structurally related proteins |
can mediate |
uptake from the soil |
|
| low-molecular-weight organic acid (OA) extrusion |
is critical for |
plant nutrition |
|
| epidermal and cortical cells |
receive sufficient O2 for |
ion transport |
Triticum aestivum |
| rice root volume |
may also enhance absorption of |
other nutrients |
Oryza sativa |
| feeding site |
functions for |
nutrient uptake |
|
| plants |
have developed |
sophisticated mechanisms to improve the acquisition of immobile nutrients |
|
| certain fungi |
provide |
nutrients |
|
| larger root volume |
increases |
root surface area |
|
| Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) |
improves uptake of |
phosphorus (P) |
|
| root system architecture (RSA) |
defines |
macronutrient uptake efficiency |
|
| fungal symbionts |
deliver |
inorganic phosphate (Pi) |
|
| Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) |
improves |
uptake of water and mineral nutrients |
|
| transpirational water flux |
may be beneficial in aiding |
nutrient uptake |
|
| upregulation of plant SWEET genes |
promotes bacterial growth due to |
increased carbon availability |
|
| bacterial enzymes |
aid dissolution of |
periphyton into vital nutrients in enclosed bladder environment |
Utricularia |
| Utricularia and Genlisea |
are prime candidates for further research on |
novel plant nitrogen/nutrient utilization pathways |
Utricularia; Genlisea |
| Nepenthes ampullaria pitchers |
possess |
suite of morphological adaptations |
Nepenthes ampullaria |
| phosphorus (P) uptake |
is dependent on |
root |
|
| decreased nitrate uptake by Pi starvation |
suggests |
interdependence of N and P acquisition |
|
| disruption of proteostasis by hemi-biotrophic or necrotrophic pathogens |
allows pathogens to extract |
nutrients, including essential amino acids |
|
| expression of nitrate transporters |
was elevated in |
spring |
Picea abies |
| plant performance |
depends directly on |
Phosphate (Pi) nutrition |
|
| Strategy II plants |
include |
graminaceous monocot barley |
Hordeum vulgare L. |
| low Pi |
triggers increase of |
Pi uptake capacity |
|
| Somma et al. (1998) model |
did not directly relate to |
nutrient uptake |
|
| ethylene production |
increases under |
phosphorus deficiency |
|
| ethylene |
is involved in regulation of |
promotion of root hairs |
|
| stylet |
acts as |
syringe for nutrient uptake from giant cell cytoplasm |
|
| Nepenthes pitcher plant species |
differ in |
pitcher longevity |
Nepenthes ampullaria; Nepenthes bicalcarata; Nepenthes rafflesiana |
| plant uptake of Fe |
involves |
complex processes |
|
| two transport steps, one in the epidermis and cortex to accumulate ions from the solution and another in the stele to load ions into the xylem |
is important for understanding |
inhibitory effects of root zone hypoxia on nutrient acquisition |
Triticum aestivum |
| mathematical models |
have been used to estimate |
spatial extent of nutrient depletion around rhizosphere |
|
| Nepenthes pitcher plant species |
differ in |
prey capture rates |
Nepenthes ampullaria; Nepenthes bicalcarata; Nepenthes rafflesiana |
| microstructure of inner pitcher wall |
could be related to |
nutrient sequestration strategy |
Nepenthes |
| superior tolerance to high soil temperatures of thermal Agrostis scabra |
is manifested by |
nitrate uptake |
Agrostis scabra |
| organic nitrogen (oN) |
is |
potentially important soil-derived N source for plants |
|
| 12C/13C and 14N/15N isotope techniques |
were used to investigate |
nitrogen assimilation of two alpine species |
|
| cluster roots |
are formed in response to |
low nutrient supply |
|
| (BSK12, SSP, AT2G17090) pathways |
are important for |
optimization of macronutrient uptake |
|
| arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal mycelia |
improve |
acquisition of mineral nutrients which are already in solution |
|
| cation efflux family member |
is responsive to |
Mn deficiency |
Chlamydomonas |
| (ATOPT3, OPT3, AT4G16370) |
has been found to be dramatically up-regulated by |
Fe and Mn deficiency |
|
| Mn deficiency response syndrome |
is not very common in |
natural habitats |
|
| Dionaea and other carnivorous plants |
improve nutrient status by |
catching insects |
Dionaea muscipula |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) |
assist the plant in the acquisition of |
mineral nutrients (mainly phosphorus) and water |
|
| AM and ECM |
differ substantially in |
biochemical capabilities for carbon and nutrient acquisition |
|
| expression of root mass–depth profile trait |
in heterogeneous substrate might influence |
nutrient acquisition and NUE in barley genotypes |
|
| mycorrhizal fungi |
connect plant hosts to |
heterogeneously distributed nutrients |
|
| root length duration |
is the main driver of |
acquisition of immobile resources |
|
| S deficiency |
occurs in |
other crops |
|
| root system |
may enhance Pi uptake by |
arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis |
|
| phenotypes with fewer but longer laterals |
are capable of |
exploring a greater volume of soil accessible via mass flow of water, and therefore nitrate |
|
| increased root hair length |
improves |
phosphate acquisition |
Triticum aestivum |
| root hair enhanced crops |
have improved |
water and nutrient use efficiency |
|
| branched root system |
is expected to facilitate |
nutrient uptake |
|
| adaptation of Australian species to nutrient deficiencies |
has been linked to |
cluster roots |
|
| cluster roots |
enhance |
plant's access to other soil nutrients |
|
| rhizomatous (rhizoid-bearing) axes of early vascular plants |
function in |
mineral nutrient scavenging |
|
| root hairs |
are crucial for |
uptake of water and nutrients |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hyphae in mycorrhizal associations |
by virtue of their small diameter |
are able to penetrate soil microsites which are inaccessible to plant roots |
|
| perennials with sufficient carbohydrate reserves |
may have advantage over annuals in |
acquisition of immobile resources |
|
| leading embryo |
utilizes |
megagametophyte and subordinate embryos for its own nutrition |
Pinus sylvestris |
| root system architecture, morphology, and biochemistry |
can greatly affect |
ability of a plant to acquire nutrients from the soil |
|
| (ATNRAMP1, NRAMP1, PMIT1, AT1G80830) |
is responsive to |
Mn deficiency |
Chlamydomonas |
| cluster roots |
exude |
enzymes |
|
| Fe acquisition mechanisms |
differ between |
Strategy I and Strategy II plants |
|
| parasite |
had access to |
N in the substrate |
Rhinanthus minor |
| parasite forming haustoria at distal root tips |
is thus unable to |
intercept the nutrients taken up by the host's roots |
Rhinanthus minor |
| leaf |
demands |
mineral nutrients |
|
| increased mycorrhizal colonization |
enable plants to |
collect more nutrients |
|
| transpirational water fluxes |
play fundamental role in |
nutrient acquisition |
|
| water-deficit stress |
causes deleterious effects on |
nutrient uptake |
|
| mass-flow |
reduces |
rhizosphere nutrient depletion |
|
| some species of associative and endophytic diazotrophic bacteria |
are reported to improve |
nutrient uptake |
|
| cortical phenes |
deserve more attention for their possible influences on |
soil resource acquisition in maize |
Zea mays |
| AM fungi |
increased |
leaf P concentrations |
Vicia faba L. |
| Optimization of Root system architecture (RSA) |
may be a promising avenue to enhance |
nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency |
Triticum aestivum |
| cluster roots |
enhance |
plant's access to phosphorus |
|
| acquisition of immobile resources |
is related to |
root length duration |
|
| high transpirational water fluxes |
may be especially important in |
zones where roots are sparsely distributed |
|
| mutant barley lines with small rhizosheaths |
were compromised for |
P-accumulation |
|
| cytokinins |
is involved in |
nitrate uptake |
|
| inhabiting pelagic ecological niche |
provides advantages such as |
increased diffusivity of available nutrients |
Utricularia |
| economic use of nutrients |
is vital in |
extremely nutrient-impoverished and seasonally dry habitats of Banksia species |
Banksia |
| organic anion efflux from roots of P-deficient plants |
plays a role in |
P nutrition |
|
| S deficiency |
occurs in |
cereals |
|
| root cap |
contributes substantially to |
plant Pi acquisition |
|
| Rhinanthus minor |
abstracts |
carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and other minerals |
Rhinanthus minor |
| increased sunlight absorption |
may increase |
nutrient uptake |
|
| Trichoderma-induced plant growth promotion |
is mediated by |
enhanced nutrient uptake |
|
| VAM |
is commonly associated with |
enhanced phosphorus acquisition |
|
| cluster roots |
are |
a strategy for nutrient acquisition in extremely oligotrophic habitats |
|
| ericoid mycorrhizal fungi |
can contribute to |
plant nitrogen uptake |
|
| trees colonizing former grasslands |
may mainly exploit |
easily available N pools |
|
| soil P availability |
affects |
plant P uptake |
|
| rhizosphere metabolic mixture comprising soyasapogenol B, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, lycorine, shikimic acid, and phosphocreatine |
enhances |
nutrient uptake in maize crops |
|
| lower soil microbial diversity |
could hinder |
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-mediated nutrient acquisition from agricultural soils |
|
| Some work in the tropics |
has explored |
plant trade-offs for the acquisition of different nutrients |
|
| phosphorus (P) uptake |
was represented only in |
four of the models using just one parameter (P uptake rate) |
|
| floral display and reward production |
relies heavily on |
nitrogen and phosphorus |
|
| relatively greater root biomass and root production rates in infertile surface soils vs fertile surface soils |
is likely for |
rapid uptake of scarce mineral nutrients released from litter decomposition |
|
| nutrient availability |
can overcome |
cellular nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) costs |
|
| single-species inocula |
had stronger effects on |
foliar nutrient content |
|
| efficacy of mass-flow |
depends on |
soil nutrient retention |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| field experiments |
measured |
nitrogen uptake |
Triticum aestivum |
| formation of extra root hairs |
may represent |
'rescue' back-up, which is induced when the Fe deficiency response is not triggered by low availability of Fe |
|
| Arabidopsis thaliana (ATWRKY75, WRKY75, AT5G13080) |
has a demonstrated function in |
phosphate acquisition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root-fungi associations |
is well known for |
facilitating plant nutrient uptake |
|
| terrestrial plant species |
rely on |
root pathway via root epidermal cells and root hairs |
|
| releasing carbon that stimulates rhizosphere microbial production of extracellular phosphatase |
is |
outsource P-acquisition strategy |
|
| arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi |
mainly use |
mineral nutrients |
|
| ECM species |
interact with |
their nutritional requirements |
|
| tip growth |
is essential for |
water and nutrient uptake |
|
| ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi |
mine forest soils for |
nitrogen, phosphorus, and micronutrients |
|
| natural abundances of carbon stable isotopes |
provided insights into |
possible use of H. physophora tissues as carbon source by fungus |
Hirtella physophora |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) |
provides mainly phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) to |
host plant |
|
| root morphological traits |
have been proposed as |
good indicator of capacity of plants to forage for resources and dependency on AMF |
|
| N addition |
could alleviate |
N resource constraints |
|
| trade-offs between plant growth and P uptake |
result in different |
root P-uptake rate (PUR) |
|
| strigolactone exudation in relation to nitrogen availability |
is part of |
plant nutrient acquisition strategy |
|
| control treatment |
comprised plants having free access to |
all nutrients including nitrogen (N) |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| external changes in nitrate |
triggers |
nutrient uptake |
|
| 'mass-flow' treatment plants |
had maximum concentrations at |
10 mm from N source |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| sparse lateral branching |
should explore |
a greater volume of soil than a many/short (MS) lateral root phenotype |
|
| root trait that increases the volume of soil explored |
may not be as effective in improving the efficiency of uptake of |
more mobile ions such as nitrate |
|
| high transpirational water fluxes |
may be especially important in |
acquisition of mobile nutrients |
|
| compatible, host-derived organic N compounds in the form of amino acids |
are not unique to |
legumes fixing N2 as their only N source |
Rhinanthus minor |
| mycorrhizal fungi |
increase |
nutrient absorptive surface area of host plant root systems |
|
| essential micronutrients |
have to be acquired in sufficient amounts by |
plants |
|
| sparse lateral branching |
should reduce |
competition for N among neighbouring lateral roots |
|
| overlap of N-depletion zones around roots of the same plant |
effectively reduces |
nitrate uptake efficiency |
|
| roots 10mm apart |
will probably compete for |
NO3- |
Zea mays |
| mass-flow |
plays no direct role in |
nutrient uptake across plasma membrane |
|
| magnitude of distance over which mass-flow is effective |
remains unknown |
understanding of nutrient acquisition |
|
| AM fungi and P addition |
increased |
leaf P concentrations |
Vicia faba L. |
| P |
is acquired |
within 1mm of the root surface |
|
| variation in root hair length |
is correlated with |
improved phosphorus (P) acquisition efficiency |
|
| transpirational water fluxes |
are up-regulated in |
plants grown in low-nutrient soils |
|
| plant-associated microbial communities |
promote |
plant nutrient uptake |
|
| rapid modification of their root system |
efficiently acquires |
edaphic resources |
|
| plants |
adapt to reduced nitrogen availability by increasing |
capacity for nutrient acquisition |
|
| elevated strigolactone (SL) levels in roots |
may contribute to |
increased mycorrhizal colonization |
|
| nutrient status improvement |
particularly affects |
nitrogen status |
Dionaea muscipula |
| greater lateral root branching |
might favour |
uptake of immobile nutrients like P |
Zea mays |
| nitrogen status improvement |
stimulates |
growth |
Dionaea muscipula |
| transpiration |
powers movement of |
water and dissolved nutrients to root surfaces by mass-flow |
|
| enhanced growth |
is commonly associated with |
increased phosphorous acquisition |
|
| waterlogging |
severely affects |
nutrient uptake |
|
| increase in root-hair length and density |
probably occurs to |
expand root surface area |
|
| common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) |
has observed genotypic variation in |
phosphorus (P) acquisition and metabolic efficiency of roots under phosphorus (P) stress |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| root cortical aerenchyma formation in axial roots |
is more advantageous for P capture in |
maize than in common bean |
Zea mays; Phaseolus vulgaris |
| maize genotypes with large number of crown roots |
will have |
greater topsoil exploration |
Zea mays |
| root biomass |
is |
root morphological adaptation to P stress |
|
| root exudate production |
is |
root physiological adaptation to P stress |
|
| elevated strigolactone (SL) levels in root exudates |
may contribute to |
increased nodulation |
|
| increased P uptake |
is not the main mechanism by which mycorrhiza increase |
attractiveness of plants to aphids |
Vicia faba L.; Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris |
| cereal root system |
as a whole encounters |
more diverse range of nutritional environments |
|
| altered root CK status |
may influence |
nutrient uptake |
|
| fewer crown roots |
might promote |
strong, long roots that efficiently promote uptake of deep water and nitrogen under dense planting |
|
| total root length |
is key in the acquisition of |
sparingly soluble elements |
|
| reduced root metabolic costs |
enables |
improved P acquisition from low-P soils |
|
| root-shoot ratio |
is |
root morphological adaptation to P stress |
|
| longer root hairs |
contribute more to |
water and nutrient uptake |
|
| mobile elements such as N |
are known to be acquired through |
mass-flow |
|
| external changes in phosphorus |
triggers |
nutrient uptake |
|
| local root development |
maximizes |
Pi interception |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| response of root hairs to nitrate availability |
may be |
important strategy for enhanced N acquisition when plants reach nitrate-enriched soil patch |
|
| root hair length |
affects |
grain yield of barley plants |
Hordeum vulgare |
| root hair formation |
increases |
foraged soil volume |
|
| arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis |
enhances |
nutrient supply of plants |
|
| root hair (RH) elongation |
continuously increased with |
decreasing nitrogen (N) availabilities |
|
| organic acids |
acidify |
rooting medium |
|
| trade-off between phosphorus (P) acquisition and nitrogen (N) acquisition |
may demonstrate that more nodal roots are beneficial for growth in |
low phosphorus (P) soil but fewer nodal roots are beneficial for growth in low nitrogen (N) soil |
Zea mays |
| greater density of nodal roots in tillering species |
may change |
relationship of lateral root-branching density and resource capture |
Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; Avena sativa |
| myrmecotrophy |
can be of considerable benefit to |
nutrient budget of host plants |
|
| phosphorus addition |
would increase |
PUR |
|
| studies of nutrient acquisition |
have taken advantage of |
root hairless mutants in both cereals and crop eudicots |
|
| functional-structural modeling |
is utilized to explore |
effect of reduced secondary growth of roots on phosphorus (P) acquisition |
|
| root cortical senescence |
may increase P capture in |
monocot species |
|
| buzz mutant |
displays |
increased nitrate foraging phenotype |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| neighboring inefficient species |
took up |
Mn 2+ and soluble P mobilized by the facilitator |
|
| cryptic associations |
may be |
important component of plant nutrient relations |
|
| capacity to use nutrients from insect waste |
may be crucial for survival and reproduction in |
nutrient-deficient habitats like tropical rainforest canopy |
|
| plant Mn uptake |
is affected by |
soil microbiome |
|
| two models |
had |
some representation of symbiotic nutrient uptake, including biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and mycorrhizal nutrient uptake |
|
| chemodiversity and composition of rhizosphere metabolites and their relationship to soil microbiome properties |
further impacted |
plant nutrient uptake |
Zea mays |
| ant–plant interactions |
can be enhanced by |
fungi |
|
| rth2 mutant |
showed that |
root architecture was regulated by low-phosphorus soils |
|
| greater stoichiometric stability |
is |
greater ability to maintain plant nutrient status despite variations in soil nutrient availability |
Leymus chinensis |
| Leymus chinensis |
has |
greater stoichiometric stability than other species in a typical steppe |
Leymus chinensis |
| root–soil contact |
facilitates |
nutrient uptake |
|
| ECM and ERM |
enhance |
nutrient uptake by plants |
|
| pOsGPX1::astol1 transgenic lines |
expression enhances |
sulphate uptake |
|
| mixed-strain inoculation treatment |
had generally weaker effects on |
foliar nutrient content |
|
| plants |
receive upwards of 90% of their phosphorus from |
associations with AMF |
|
| AM fungi |
have reliance on |
inorganic soil nutrients |
|
| vascular epiphyte morphological adaptations |
enable |
nutrient uptake from clouds, rainfall, throughfall and stemflow water |
|
| citrus rhizosphere microbiome |
mediate |
rhizosphere plant–microbe and microbe–microbe interactions for nutrient uptake |
Citrus |
| evolutionary shift from AM to EcM |
is linked to |
plant nutrient acquisition strategies through the specific type of mycorrhizal association |
|
| fungal partners |
provide |
essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and micronutrients |
|
| species with larger genomes |
have higher |
phosphorus (P) demands |
|
| positive plant–soil feedback loop |
allows |
trees to access and monopolize otherwise inaccessible N pool |
|
| endocytosis |
includes |
pinocytosis of fluids and solutes |
|
| broad-spectrum antifungal activity of Bg_9562 |
enables bacterium to access |
fungal biomass as nutrient source |
Burkholderia gladioli |
| reprogramming of root development |
improves |
nitrogen (N) acquisition |
|
| inorganic phosphate (Pi) |
is |
essential mineral nutrient for plants |
|
| maize recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with contrasting crown root number (CN) |
were compared under |
contrasting P availability |
Zea mays |
| increased root branching |
may promote |
resource acquisition |
|
| AM fungi |
increase |
plant uptake of phosphorus |
|
| intercropping |
enhances |
maize nutrient uptake |
|
| mycorrhizal pathway |
can contribute more than half of |
plant nutrient uptake |
|
| neopolyploid growth and fitness |
requires |
greater nutrient supplies than diploid progenitors |
|
| Bg_9562 |
is deployed to forage over |
fungi |
Burkholderia gladioli |
| low nutrient conditions |
should trigger increase in biomass allocation to |
roots |
|
| Caularthron bilamellatum |
obtains nutrients from |
ant waste |
Caularthron bilamellatum |
| nutrient cycling conservation |
occurred either by |
directly releasing enzymes for nutrient foraging |
|
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) |
enhance |
plant nitrogen (N) acquisition |
|
| plant Mn uptake |
is affected by |
soil Mn availability and plant strategy |
|
| higher C investment in ectomycorrhiza associations |
could lead to lower |
nutrient absorption capacity |
woody plant species |
| increased specific root length (SRL) |
may promote |
resource acquisition |
|
| decreased root tissue density (RTD) |
may promote |
resource acquisition |
|
| biodiversity of key microbial ecological clusters in intercropping systems |
in turn affects |
crop nutrient uptake |
|
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation |
modified |
nutritional content of foliar tissues |
|
| decreased root diameter (RD) |
may promote |
resource acquisition |
|
| Root enzyme activities (e.g. phosphatase and protease) |
function to |
release mineral nutrients from organic matter |
|
| tropical epiphyte |
obtains nitrogen from |
activity of mutualistic ants |
Caularthron bilamellatum |
| epiphytic orchid C. bilamellatum |
sacrifices approximately 50% of volume of |
water storage tissues in pseudobulbs |
Caularthron bilamellatum |
| terrestrial plant species |
rely on |
mycorrhizal pathway via arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal hyphae |
|
| putative cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-like gene |
is a new player in |
nitrate-responsive root architecture |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| ants |
provide several benefits including contributing to nutrient needs of |
host plant |
|
| root NSC concentrations of C3 and C4 species |
may respond differently to |
P availability |
|
| pests' successful colonization |
relies on obtaining |
sugars and amino acids |
|
| Pi fertilizer supply |
only 15%-25% is taken up by plants |
plant uptake efficiency |
|
| Iron (Fe) |
is |
essential nutrient |
|
| stomatal closure |
leads to reductions in |
nitrogen uptake |
|
| Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii |
are known to use |
different set of genes to undertake endocytic nutrient uptake |
Plasmodium falciparum; Toxoplasma gondii |
| plant pathogens and insect pests |
need to get |
sugars and other nutrients from their hosts |
|
| root elongation inhibition |
affects |
uptake of water and nutrients |
|
| Piriformospora indica |
significantly improves |
nutrient uptake |
Hordeum vulgare |
| root hairs (RHs) |
provide |
nutrient uptake enhancement |
|
| root hairs |
facilitate |
water/nutrient uptake |
|
| root hairs |
facilitate |
uptake of water and macronutrients |
|
| Pseudomonas syringae during foliar infection |
may simply intercept |
quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) available in the apoplast |
|
| roots |
serve |
nutrient and water uptake |
|
| 62 significant QTL |
detected for |
plant phosphorus (P) uptake |
Brassica napus |
| miR166- HD-ZIPIII module |
plays critical roles in |
nutrition ion uptake |
|
| activation of soil P by phosphatases |
enhances |
plant P uptake |
|
| soil salinization |
interferes with |
nutrient and water uptake |
|
| uq.C3b |
identified specifically for |
phosphorus (P) uptake |
Brassica napus |
| membrane transport proteins |
play a central role in |
nutrient uptake from soil |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| initial haustoria |
transfer |
nutrients |
|
| root hair development |
significantly affects |
nutrient absorption |
|
| adaptive responses |
help plants acquire and utilize |
Pi (inorganic phosphate) |
|
| arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi |
provide |
phosphorous and micronutrients |
|
| capacity to use nutrients from insect waste |
may be crucial for |
survival and reproduction for plants with arboreal lifestyle |
|
| long-lived and rather costly roots |
capture nutrients for |
the longest possible period |
|
| ectomycorrhizal association |
may favor in |
low soil fertility regions |
|
| ion transport |
is involved in |
plant nutrition |
|
| root access to soil nutrients |
is |
critical yield-limiting factor |
|
| enhanced root growth |
might contribute to |
improved extraction of nutrients from soil |
|
| arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi |
is attracted to host plants in order to obtain |
necessary nutrients |
|
| seminal roots |
is important for |
phosphorus acquisition |
Zea mays |
| pathogenic biotrophic fungi |
differ in |
nutritional strategies |
|
| root system architecture (RSA) |
links to |
nutrient uptake |
|
| root development and microbial symbiosis |
exploit |
soil nutrients |
|
| parasitic plants |
employ |
haustoria |
|
| abiotic stress |
negatively affects |
nitrate uptake by roots |
|
| greater root growth |
improves the capture of |
deep nitrate |
|
| functional-structural plant model SimRoot |
is used to determine |
relationship between secondary growth of roots and phosphorus (P) acquisition |
|
| N, P, and water |
are |
three primary soil resources that limit plant growth in most soils |
|
| glucose content in infected roots |
have been found to significantly increase in |
late stages of infection |
Plasmodiophora brassicae |
| leaf [Mn] |
did not change in |
HP treatment |
|
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) |
rob nutrients from |
nonhost plants |
|
| small cell size (less than 1 μm) |
allows |
effective capture of nutrients and light |
Prochlorococcus spp. |
| persistence of root cortical tissue |
has implications for |
P capture |
|
| increased root length density in the subsoil under drought and N-deficient conditions |
resulted in |
improved water and N acquisition and plant growth |
Zea mays |
| small crown root number (CN) |
was beneficial for |
N acquisition |
Zea mays |
| plants |
acquire sulfur from |
soil |
|
| common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) productivity in Africa and Latin America |
is often limited by |
low phosphorus (P) availability |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| root longevity |
affects |
resource capture |
|
| phosphate (Pi) |
is |
essential macronutrient |
|
| mycoheterotrophic plants |
partly or completely rely on |
other organisms |
|
| lateral roots (LRs) |
promotes |
efficient uptake of deficient nutrients |
|
| altered response to P and S availability |
may have contributed to |
increased uptake of P and S |
Hordeum vulgare |
| increased expression of genes encoding transporters for phosphate, sulfate, Mn, and Zn |
could make a relevant contribution to |
increased element accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Hordeum vulgare |
| genotypes with reduced secondary development |
have greater P capture from |
low-P soils |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| CN |
is important regulator in |
soil resource capture by lateral roots and root symbionts |
Zea mays |
| greater topsoil exploration |
will result in |
better P acquisition |
Zea mays |
| super-root transgenic barley plants |
displayed increased |
accumulation of other low-mobility nutrients |
Hordeum vulgare |
| mycorrhized roots |
provide |
phosphorous and micronutrients |
|
| spatiotemporal dynamics of topsoil foraging |
affects |
acquisition of P |
|
| altered root exudation of element-mobilizing compounds |
may play a role in |
enhanced element acquisition |
|
| intraplant competition |
is quite small for |
P acquisition |
|
| optimum range of crown root number (CN) |
is likely to be greater in |
soils of low P availability |
Zea mays |
| plants |
acquire sulfur as |
inorganic sulfate anion |
|
| anatomical phenes that reduce the metabolic cost of soil exploration |
should have benefits for |
capture of both mobile and immobile resources |
Zea mays |
| plant roots |
perform |
water and nutrient uptake |
|
| factors affecting costs and benefits of axial root production for P capture |
can result in |
different strategies to improve P acquisition |
|
| P acquisition |
occurs mostly less than 1 mm from |
surface of a root |
|
| altered interaction of CK-deficient roots with root microbiota |
may play a role in |
enhanced element acquisition |
|
| total root surface area |
is |
root morphological adaptation to P stress |
|
| greater root depth |
results in |
increased subsoil foraging for water or N |
Zea mays |
| versatility in the regulation of nutrient-responsive hormone pathways |
enables plants to simultaneously coordinate |
morphological and physiological responses to improve nutrient acquisition |
|
| inorganic phosphate (Pi) |
is delivered to |
host plant |
|
| root hairs |
is important for |
phosphorus acquisition |
Zea mays |
| physiological functions |
define |
macronutrient uptake efficiency |
|
| soil nutrient level |
strongly influences |
mycorrhizal pathway contribution to plant nutrient uptake |
|
| phenotypic plasticity of root hairs |
is important for |
nutrient uptake and plant growth |
|
| fungal partners |
obtain nutrients from |
surrounding soil |
|
| two Glc-mediated mechanisms |
influence |
nitrate uptake |
|
| biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungi |
evolved |
haustoria |
|
| core microbiome including Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium and Cupriavidus |
showed traits of |
microbial function mediating nutrition uptake |
|
| endocytosis |
includes |
phagocytosis of solid food particles |
|
| P deficiency |
may trigger |
alternative P-acquisition strategies |
|
| species with large genomes |
have |
higher demands for phosphorus and nitrogen |
|
| AM and rhizobial symbioses |
have synergistic effects on |
plant performance |
|
| plants |
actively seek and mine |
inorganic phosphate (H2PO4− or Pi) |
|
| root hair (RH) elongation |
facilitates |
nitrogen (N) acquisition |
|
| strigolactones (SLs) |
reallocate resources from shoot to root |
nutrient absorption |
|
| lateral roots (LRs) |
function in |
nutrient uptake |
|
| greatly reduced cuticle in white basal part of leaves |
could enable |
nutrient uptake |
Isoetes australis |
| lateral roots |
contribute significantly to the acquisition of |
P, Mn, and Zn |
Oryza sativa |
| maize lines with small crown root number (CN) |
had greater nitrogen (N) acquisition under |
low-N conditions |
Zea mays |
| lateral root branching |
enables |
increased topsoil foraging |
|
| improved topsoil foraging |
resulted in |
greater P acquisition |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| necrotrophic pathogens |
use nutrients derived from |
dead host plant tissue |
|
| slow NH4+ uptake rate in Nepenthes ampullaria |
is not unexpected given |
longevity of pitchers |
Nepenthes ampullaria |
| greater shoot biomass |
occurred in |
low-P soil |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| small crown root number (CN) |
was beneficial for N and water acquisition in conditions of |
suboptimal N availability |
Zea mays |
| ability to explore greater soil volumes |
enables |
phosphorus acquisition |
|
| long-lived and rather costly roots |
capture |
nutrients |
|
| different P-use efficiency of C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways |
causes |
different responses of root NSC concentrations to P availability |
|
| plant diversity |
enhances |
nutrient uptake |
|
| There are very few empirical data linking root water and nutrient acquisition strategies in tropical forests |
but there have been |
advances in identifying clusters of root traits for nutrient acquisition |
|
| nutrients |
are sequestered by absorbing the excrement of |
predatory insects that live on sticky leaves of Roridulaceae |
|
| AM fungi (AMF) |
improve |
plant nutrition with mineral nutrients |
|
| accumulation of the same type of elements in leaves |
suggests that their acquisition depends on |
common mechanisms that appear to be evolutionarily stable |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum; Hordeum vulgare |
| total root length |
is |
root morphological adaptation to P stress |
|
| increased Pi uptake following nitrate treatment |
suggests |
interdependence of N and P acquisition |
|
| larger soil volume exploited by the enhanced root system of CKX-overexpressing plants |
besides this, additional factors must play a role in |
element accumulation |
Hordeum vulgare |
| increased root length density |
enables |
increased topsoil foraging |
|
| CWDEs |
have |
nutritional role by providing carbohydrates from the plant cell wall |
|
| nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition |
is balanced |
interdependent requirements of nitrogen and phosphorus |
|
| rootless 'pelagic' Utricularia |
could enable to grow and utilize |
both inorganic and organic nutrients (either dissolved or particulate, i.e. from plankton as well as detritus) in water column |
Utricularia |
| Nepenthes ampullaria |
must perform balancing act between |
creating optimal conditions for micro-organism-derived nitrogen mineralization and digestion of animal-derived nitrogen species |
Nepenthes ampullaria |
| higher surface area of the root conferred by increases in the number and length of root hairs |
improves |
Pi acquisition efficiency |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shallow growth angles |
are more beneficial for the capture of |
immobile resources in the topsoil, such as phosphorus |
|
| root hair elongation |
is required for |
nutrient uptake |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi |
facilitate the acquisition of |
phosphorus |
|
| PTR via ToxA activity |
may increase access to |
nutrients |
|
| root phenes associated with enhanced topsoil foraging |
are important for |
P acquisition |
|
| specific root surface area |
is |
root morphological adaptation to P stress |
|
| utility of axial root number of Poaceae species for P capture in low-P soil |
is |
uncertain |
|
| intermediate number of crown roots |
may be ideal to |
cooptimize acquisition of mobile and immobile resources |
Zea mays |
| greater density of nodal roots in tillering species |
may change |
relationship of nodal root occupancy and resource capture |
Triticum aestivum; Oryza sativa; Hordeum vulgare; Avena sativa |
| increasing resource allocation to root growth |
improves |
phosphorus (P) acquisition |
|
| diffusion of phosphorus (P) in soil |
is greatly outpaced by |
plant uptake |
|
| axial roots of monocot crops |
generally produce fewer |
root exudates capable of solubilizing P pools in rhizosphere |
|
| AMT1-STOP1 module |
sustains |
plant growth |
|
| reduced nodal root number (NRN) |
hypothesized to increase |
N acquisition in low N environments |
Zea mays |
| proteoid roots |
secrete |
organic acids and protons |
|
| flavonoid chemoattraction of rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi |
secures nutrient supply to |
host plants |
|
| reduced inter- and intraplant competition for internal and external resources |
increases |
root depth and acquisition of deep soil resources |
|
| root hairs |
are important for |
water and nutrient uptake |
|
| morphological change in root growth angle |
is thought to enable |
efficient absorption of Pi from topsoil |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rhizobial symbiotic mutants (AtLYK3, LYK3, AT1G51940) nfp, and ipd3 |
exhibit increased |
phosphorus content |
Medicago truncatula |
| limited phosphate (Pi) availability in soil |
triggers |
increased root hair density |
|
| Pseudomonas syringae |
is adapted to import |
choline |
|
| uq.C3a |
identified specifically for |
phosphorus (P) uptake |
Brassica napus |
| primary metabolites |
function as |
nutrient source of carbon and nitrogen for microbes |
|
| induction of the complex Fe starvation syndrome of strategy I plants |
will mobilize |
Mn in addition to Fe |
|
| mass-flow |
may partially substitute for |
root density |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| plant growth and development |
must be coordinated with |
nutrient uptake |
|
| increased root hair number and length |
enlarges |
root-soil surface |
|