| PaFTL2 expression increase at the base of the meristem |
occurs concurrently with |
growth cessation and the decline in PaFTL1 expression |
Picea abies |
| Sapur.016G159400 |
is |
(CLE22, AT5G12235) CLAVATA3/ESR-RELATED 22 homolog |
Salix purpurea |
| ZmBELL10 |
did not bind |
meristem formation genes |
|
| (ABCG14, AtABCG14, AT1G31770) mutant |
shows increased |
meristem size |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Asteraceae inflorescence meristem (IM) |
resembles |
single flower meristems |
|
| meristems during the growing season |
are seemingly inactive |
during shoot elongation of previous year buds |
Picea abies |
| KNOTTED1 (KN1) |
is |
Class I knox member |
Zea mays |
| excess auxin accumulating not being transported away |
prevents |
meristem formation |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| ventral auxin-signalling minima |
is required for |
meristem maintenance |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| micro-RNA394 (miR394) |
promotes |
shoot meristem maintenance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dorsal auxin maximum |
would suppress |
totipotency in dormant meristem |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| PaFTL1 expression pattern |
is consistent with |
hypothesis in which PaFTL1 represses meristem activity and the formation of needle primordia |
Picea abies |
| natural variation at HvFT3 |
affected |
early reproductive growth under short days |
Hordeum vulgare |
| nuclear auxin signalling |
has been proposed to have provided |
intercellular communication system to promote focal growth |
ancestral land plant |
| (AtBRC1, ATTCP18, BRC1, TCP18, AT3G18550) ectopic expression |
causes |
growth arrest of the root apical meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dorsal signalling maxima |
suppresses |
meristem formation |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
assumes an increasingly domed shape |
SAM morphology |
Zea mays subsp. mays |
| gerbera inflorescence meristems (IMs) |
can be grown in tissue culture for |
live imaging |
Gerbera |
| knotted1 (kn1) and other knox genes (rough sheath1 [rs1], gnarley1 [gn1], liguleless3 [lg3], and lg4) |
were discovered from |
dominant gain-of-function phenotypes |
Zea mays |
| (OSH1, AT5G01580) |
is |
ortholog of kn1 in rice |
Oryza sativa |
| TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL-1, TFL1, AT5G03840) protein |
spreads beyond |
region where TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL-1, TFL1, AT5G03840) mRNA is transcribed |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| natural variation at HvFT3 |
affected |
spikelet initiation |
Hordeum vulgare |
| inducible CRISPR-Kill system |
enabled |
analysis of local effects in RAM and SAM independently |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TFL1-like family members |
control |
maintenance of meristem indeterminacy |
Zea mays |
| PaFTL1 expression in shoot tips |
seems to be focused to |
the top and flanks of the SAM (shoot apical meristem) |
Picea abies |
| (AtSIP1, RS1, SIP1, AT1G55740) |
has unequal redundancy with |
KN1 |
Zea mays |
| VERNALIZATION1 (REM39, VRN1, AT3G18990) |
is homologous to |
(AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) |
Triticum aestivum; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| natural variation at HvFT3 |
affected to a lesser extent |
early reproductive growth under long days |
Hordeum vulgare |
| variation in HvFT1 expression levels as controlled by Ppd-H1 |
were associated with |
acceleration of all phases of meristem development under long days |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) (AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) double mutants |
exhibit |
apical inflorescence meristems revert to a vegetative state |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| macroevolutionary differences among land plants |
include |
regulation of meristem structure |
|
| altered ratio of high VRN-H1 and low HvFT1 expression in transgenic lines |
may explain |
observed early abortion of main inflorescence of some transgenic plants |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (CLE1, AT1G73165) (AtCLE6, CLE6, AT2G31085) and (CLE7, AT2G31082) |
differ in ability to replace |
(AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (BCP) proteins |
influence |
BP expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 2-week-old axs1-1 axs2-1/+ mutants |
formed several lateral meristems at |
leaf axis with abnormally large apical meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| elevating H2O2 in shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis |
dramatically enlarges |
meristem size by increasing cell numbers in peripheral zone |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| strong down-regulation of GIBBERELLIN2-OXIDASE6 |
suggested that |
spikelet initiation co-occurred with increase in gibberellin in shoot apex |
Hordeum vulgare |
| down-regulation of putative floral repressors |
was correlated with |
up-regulation of (SPL8, AT1G02065) and (AtSPL9, SPL9, AT2G42200) specifically at spikelet initiation |
Hordeum vulgare |
| down-regulation of key genes involved in meristem development |
occurred as |
autumn progressed |
Triticum aestivum |
| NAC proteins |
play role in |
development of shoot apical meristems |
|
| Arabidopsis (ATFTA, FTA, PFT/PGGT-IALPHA, PLP, AT3G59380) knockout mutants |
display |
enlarged meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inflorescence meristem (IM) |
is |
indeterminate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATRAPTOR1B, RAPTOR1, RAPTOR1B, AT3G08850) mutation |
led to reduced |
meristem size and meristem cell number |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FAS2, MUB3.9, NFB01, NFB1, AT5G64630) mutation |
results in |
disorganized SAM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC054, ATNAC1, CUC1, AT3G15170) overexpression |
results in |
ectopic meristem formation on the cotyledon |
|
| down-regulation of (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) /EREB and (REM39, VRN1, AT3G18990) ( /B3) by HvFT3 overexpression |
might have accelerated |
transition to reproductive growth in transgenic lines |
Hordeum vulgare |
| VERNALIZATION1 (REM39, VRN1, AT3G18990) |
is homologous to |
cauliflower |
Triticum aestivum; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flower reversion |
results in |
reversion from determinate to indeterminate meristem growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HvFT3 overexpression |
accelerated spikelet initiation and early reproductive development independently of |
photoperiod |
Hordeum vulgare |
| early spikelet initiation in transgenic lines |
was associated with |
down-regulation of putative floral repressors in the meristem |
Hordeum vulgare |
| cad2-1 mutation combined with sir1-1 in s1c2 mutant |
partially rescues |
depleted meristematic activity of sir1-1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HvFT3 overexpression |
accelerated |
spikelet initiation |
Hordeum vulgare |
| inflorescence meristems |
remain |
indeterminate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (LGO, SMR1, AT3G10525) and (SMR5, AT1G07500) induction |
inhibits |
meristem activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss-of-function mutations in ENHANCED RESPONSE TO (ABA1, ATABA1, ATZEP, IBS3, LOS6, NPQ2, ZEP, AT5G67030) (ERA1) gene |
cause enlarged |
meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| exogenous application of synthetic 12-amino-acid peptides derived from CLE motifs |
caused |
root meristem consumption |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clv3-2 mutant plants |
shows |
enlarged shoot and floral meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| spring genotypes with functional and nonfunctional alleles of HvFT3 |
failed to develop beyond |
lemma primordium stage under short days |
Hordeum vulgare |
| HvFT3 overexpression |
specifically accelerated |
early reproductive growth |
Hordeum vulgare |
| functional Class III (Plsp2B, TPP, AT2G30440) |
is required for |
establishment of axillary meristem identity and determinacy |
Zea mays |
| (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) |
binds to |
(ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) |
|
| YABBY proteins |
influence |
BP expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CLE motifs |
contribute to |
CLE function and functional specificity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shoot apical meristem (SAM) in cur1 |
is significantly smaller than in |
wild-type (WT) shoot apical meristem |
Oryza sativa |
| Arabidopsis CUC genes |
is involved in |
shoot meristem development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Polycomb group proteins |
influence |
BP expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms) |
have |
shoot apical meristems (SAMs) |
|
| HAM homologs |
were identified in |
fern Ceratopteris thalictroides |
Ceratopteris thalictroides |
| leaf apical meristem |
lacks |
lateral bud formation |
|
| rm |
has only two choices |
activity or inactivity |
|
| research in Physcomitrella |
points to mechanisms regulating |
indeterminacy |
Physcomitrella |
| Ghd8 |
is highly expressed in |
shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
|
| (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) clade |
confers |
meristem promoting activities |
|
| CUP SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) proteins |
influence |
BP expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) |
inhibits expression of |
WUSCHEL (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) |
|
| bryophyte, lycophyte and fern lineages |
form |
relatively simple meristems with a single apical initial(s) |
|
| pAtHAM2::H2B-GFP reporter |
shows high expression in |
all cells from different layers in the Arabidopsis SAM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CURLY LEAF |
plays important role in |
meristem function |
|
| HAM homologs |
were identified in |
lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii |
Selaginella moellendorffii |
| pAtHAM2::YPET-AtHAM2 reporter |
is absent or demonstrates greatly reduced expression at |
first two layers in the central zone of the Arabidopsis SAM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| meristem function |
is regulated by |
polarized transport of hormones |
|
| meristem determinacy |
is |
hierarchically complex and context-dependent for successively emerged meristems |
|
| (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) transcript |
forms |
apical–basal polarity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BnSTM expression |
increases during |
development in control embryos |
Brassica napus |
| BnZLL-1 expression pattern |
shows no major differences among |
treatments |
Brassica napus |
| (WOX5, WOX5B, AT3G11260) |
has important functions in |
meristem regulation |
|
| Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and longitudinal section through the stem–branch junction region |
revealed that |
AM structure was missing completely |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Loss-of-function (AtRLP10, CLV2, AT1G65380) mutations |
result in |
expanded (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CLE20, AT1G05065) |
differs in ability to replace |
(AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FAS1, FUGU2, NFB2, AT1G65470) and (FAS2, MUB3.9, NFB01, NFB1, AT5G64630) mutants |
lead to |
disorganization of root and shoot apical meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35S:CLE20 in clv3-2 background |
provides no rescue of |
(AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) function |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CLV1-independent and CLV2-dependent pathways |
negatively regulate |
stem cell fates in shoot and flower systems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASL11, LBD15, AT2G40470) protein |
is involved in |
SAM development |
|
| ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 (AS2, AT1G65620) |
influences |
BP expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| H2O2 |
accumulates primarily in |
peripheral zone of shoot apical meristems |
|
| Physcomitrium C3HDZ genes |
meristematic roles could be |
sporophyte-specific |
Physcomitrium |
| protein isoprenylation |
is involved in negative regulation of |
meristem development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCYP71, CYP71, AT3G44600) |
is essential for |
maintenance and specification of both the SAM and RAM |
|
| ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1, ATMYB91, ATPHAN, LL2, MYB91, AT2G37630) |
acts in concert with |
LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY DOMAIN proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| many hormones and environmental factors |
are known to affect meristem size by promoting |
cell differentiation |
|
| flavonoids |
is emerging as |
signaling molecule in meristem development |
|
| cytokinin |
affects |
meristem size |
|
| (ANAC054, ATNAC1, CUC1, AT3G15170) (ANAC098, ATCUC2, CUC2, AT5G53950) mutant |
exhibits defects in |
SAM formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (MIR170, AT5G66045) /171 |
shapes |
apical–basal concentration gradient of HAM1–HAM3 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| oligogalacturonides (OGs) |
can promote |
cytokinin-induced meristemoid formation |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| other factors |
regulate |
initiation of axillary meristems |
|
| modelling |
can obtain inspiration for |
new experiments |
|
| (AVB1, IFL, IFL1, REV, AT5G60690) |
regulates |
meristem function |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| WUSCHEL (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) |
plays a key role in maintenance of |
SAM organization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Loss-of-function (ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) mutations |
result in |
expanded (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) overexpression |
causes |
loss of (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35S:CLE1 in clv3-2 background |
provides significant rescue of |
clv3-2 phenotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ectopic/overexpression of BP |
results in |
ectopic meristems forming over leaf veins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis |
has |
four HAM homologs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hormone interactions |
regulate |
meristem function |
|
| factors lost in indeterminate leaf meristems |
could provide the key for |
differentiation of leaf primordia from SAMs |
|
| H2O2 distribution in tomato shoot apical meristem |
resembles |
expression pattern of the TERMINATING FLOWER (TMF) gene |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| PIN-FORMED intercellular auxin exporter |
contributes to |
de novo three-dimensional meristem formation |
Marchantia; Physcomitrium |
| Mp (LOS1, AT1G56070) mutants |
show |
meristem fasciation |
Marchantia |
| complete loss of DNA methylation |
leads to |
aberrant shoot meristem development |
|
| absence of a visible shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
is an abnormality in |
apical pole development |
Brassica napus |
| HAM members from angiosperms and non-angiosperms |
are able to replace the role of |
type-II HAM genes in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) expression |
is confined to |
apical layers in the central zone of SAMs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HAM homologs from angiosperms and non-angiosperms |
are able to complement |
defects of stem cell maintenance in the Arabidopsis ham123 triple mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) expression |
is confined to |
deep cell layers in the initiating (AMS, AT2G16910) in the Arabidopsis ham123 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CLAVATA1 (ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) |
is |
regulator of meristem development |
|
| movement of miR394 and miR171 from the epidermis into internal layers of the shoot apical meristem |
ensures |
spatial organization of cell identities with the stem cell niche is stable despite ongoing cell divisions |
|
| Marchantia ALOG transcription factor LATERAL ORGAN SUPPRESSOR 1 (MpLOS1) |
is critical for |
meristem maintenance |
Marchantia |
| ethylene |
is emerging as |
signaling molecule in meristem development |
|
| phytohormones |
are key regulators of |
axillary meristem initiation |
|
| head meristem |
lacks |
apical growth |
|
| (AtHMP51, HMA7, RAN1, AT5G44790) overexpression in rice and Arabidopsis |
changes |
primordial meristem |
Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| common and contrasting features of meristems |
leads to outline of |
common regulatory themes in meristem development |
|
| (TOR, AT1G50030) |
promotes |
meristem activity |
|
| lateral parts (one or two) of the meristem |
remain active and continue |
growth that leads to zig-zag-like branching |
|
| (NDL1, AT5G56750) mutants |
show |
defective meristem development |
Zea mays |
| FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) |
modifies in conjunction with |
TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL-1, TFL1, AT5G03840) |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ae4-1 rev-6 double mutant |
had much greater numbers of plants that were |
AM free |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reproductive (inflorescence or terminal flower) SAM |
has central zone activity that often |
strongly increases |
|
| bryophyte gametophyte |
likely had |
single apical cell |
|
| auxin |
influences |
meristem establishment |
|
| uninhibited auxin responses |
result in |
loss of pluripotent cell formation |
|
| JAGGED LATERAL ORGANS (ASL19, JLO, LBD30, AT4G00220) |
influences |
BP expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shoot apical meristems (SAMs) |
contain |
stem cells |
|
| type-II HAM members in Arabidopsis |
control |
meristem development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mathematical modelling |
can help to investigate |
new hypotheses in silico |
|
| transcription factors |
regulate |
meristem activity |
plants |
| epigenetic reconfiguration of the zygotic genome |
involved in induction of |
root apical meristem (RAM) |
|
| distinct ail/plt allele combinations |
separate |
meristem size and meristem maintenance |
|
| class I KNOX genes |
is |
homeodomain transcription factor family |
Physcomitrium |
| central zone |
is |
least active zone |
|
| meristem function |
is regulated by |
transcription networks |
|
| meristems and organ primordia |
contain |
cell growth and division |
|
| meristem activity |
is controlled at cellular level by |
balancing self-renewal in stem cells, amplifying divisions in their daughter cells, and cell differentiation |
|
| mathematical modelling |
can serve as powerful tool for examining |
expected behaviour of a system |
|
| recent studies |
have used |
modelling and computational techniques |
|
| gradient of cytokinin (CK) activities |
is established in |
meristem |
|
| self-renewal in stem cells |
is one aspect of |
meristem activity control |
|
| growth rate of neighboring cells within the meristem and developing organs |
is variable |
neighboring cells within the meristem and developing organs |
|
| AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), (AIL6, PLT3, AT5G10510) and (AIL7, PLT7, AT5G65510) |
likely have different functions within the shoot apical meristem |
distinct functions within the shoot apical meristem |
|
| auxin–cytokinin interaction |
controls |
shoot apical meristem formation |
|
| modulated domains of galactan- and arabinan-rich rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) |
can be detected at |
some meristems in angiosperms |
angiosperms |
| shoot apical meristem conversion into a determinate floral meristem |
accompanied by |
transcriptional changes, including upregulation of (AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) |
|
| BnSTM and BnCLV1 expression |
is often lost in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of |
brassinazole (BrZ)-treated embryos |
Brassica napus |
| BnCLV1 localization pattern in brassinolide (BL)-treated embryos |
mimics |
pattern of zygotic embryos |
Brassica napus |
| ZWILLE (AGO10, PNH, ZLL, AT5G43810) |
role is to |
maintain an undifferentiated group of cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) during late embryogenesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| basal meristem of the phyllomorph |
gives rise to |
inflorescence meristem |
Monophyllaea glabra |
| multidimensional transcriptional networks |
regulate |
meristem activity |
plants |
| head meristems |
resemble |
single flower meristems (FM) |
|
| brassinosteroids |
is emerging as |
signaling molecule in meristem development |
|
| head meristem |
is |
determinate |
|
| each of the two Agave genes |
shows different regulatory patterns for |
endogenous Arabidopsis genes (BP, BP1, KNAT1, AT4G08150) (KNAT6, KNAT6L, KNAT6S, AT1G23380) and (AS1, ATMYB91, ATPHAN, LL2, MYB91, AT2G37630) |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Agave tequilana |
| root apical meristem (RAM) of control embryos |
is always very defined with |
group of large cells subtending procambial region |
Brassica napus |
| BnSTM transcript |
is mainly localized in |
apical pole of globular-stage control embryos |
Brassica napus |
| high brassinolide (BL) levels |
increased the transcripts of |
BnSTM (Shootmeristemless) and BnCLV1 (Clavata 1) |
Brassica napus |
| brassinolide (BL)-treated embryos |
BnCLV1 expression was extended from the early stages of development and encompassed |
subapical domain of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Brassica napus |
| defective shoot apical meristem (SAM) or no-inflorescence phenotypes |
are similar to |
phenotypes seen in (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) and (SHA1, AT5G63780) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SAM and RAM |
are composed of |
primary stem cells |
higher plants |
| phytohormones and transcription factors |
balance |
meristem maintenance and organ production |
|
| PIN-FORMED intercellular auxin exporter |
is not necessary for |
de novo three-dimensional meristem formation |
Marchantia; Physcomitrium |
| epigenetic reconfiguration of the zygotic genome |
involved in induction of |
shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
|
| BnCLV1 expression profiles |
mimic |
BnSTM expression profiles |
Brassica napus |
| imposed oxidized environment during embryogenesis |
beneficial effect is mainly due to |
structural improvements of the apical meristems |
|
| architecture of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) in BL-treated embryos |
closely resembles |
SAMs observed in microspore-derived embryos (MDEs) cultured under a low GSH/GSH+GSSG ratio |
Brassica napus |
| plants with a mutated (BIM1, AT5G08130) gene |
abnormal cell patterning during |
root meristem formation |
|
| BnCLV1 signal in brassinazole (BrZ)-treated embryos |
is attenuated in |
early cotyledonary embryos |
Brassica napus |
| extended BnSTM expression in BL-treated embryos |
are zygotic-like conditions |
zygotic embryo meristem development |
|
| Clavata 1 (ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) and WUSCHEL |
together involved in |
feedback loop mechanisms maintaining a central reservoir of stem cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CLE34 |
shows no expression in |
shoot apical meristem (SAM) and meristems of lateral buds |
Glycine max |
| growth of inflorescence SAM in Arabidopsis |
is more determinate than in |
growth of inflorescence SAM in Anagallis |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Anagallis |
| CDKB2;1 and CDKB2;2 |
are necessary for |
meristem organization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flower unit meristems (FUM) |
resemble |
flower meristems (FM) |
|
| prothallus formation |
requires |
combined formation of auxin sinks |
Marchantia |
| Antheros |
has lost |
class I KNOX genes |
Antheros |
| (HAM1, AT5G64610) ( (ATHAM1, HAM1, LOM1, SCL27, AT2G45160) ) |
is in the same group as |
(HAC11, HAG05, HAG5, HAM2, AT5G09740) ( (ATHAM2, HAM2, LOM2, AT3G60630) ) and (ATHAM3, HAM3, LOM3, SCL6-IV, AT4G00150) ( ) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) expression |
is expressed at |
apical cell layers once the AM is well developed |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CLAVATA3 (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) |
controls |
stem cell renewal and differentiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CLAVATA3 (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) |
is located in |
Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| meristem termination |
is associated with |
loss of the stem cell marker CLAVATA3 (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) |
|
| head inflorescence meristem of Asteraceae |
is similar in organization to |
floral meristem (FM) |
|
| primary meristems |
are readily accessible for |
live imaging |
|
| (SHA1, AT5G63780) |
is involved in |
shoot apical meristem maintenance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| meristem development of the rhizome bud |
is different from |
that of the ordinary axillary bud in plants |
bamboo |
| BnCLV1 expression in control embryos |
is first localized below |
third layer of cells in globular embryos |
Brassica napus |
| alterations in root apical meristem (RAM) structure |
in brassinazole (BrZ)-treated embryos |
brassinazole (BRZ) treatment |
Brassica napus |
| after day 15 in the embryogenic system |
the fate of the meristematic cells becomes more determined and their identity cannot be altered |
meristematic cell fate |
Brassica napus |
| Brassica napus CLAVATA1 (BnCLV1) overexpression line |
decreases |
size of shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Agave KNOX genes ectopic expression |
alters expression of |
(KNAT6, KNAT6L, KNAT6S, AT1G23380) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
is |
indeterminate |
|
| high expression of some receptor-like kinase genes and meristem initiation-related transcriptional factors |
was observed in |
the rhizome buds |
bamboo |
| (ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) |
can determine |
the size of the meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| young roots, young leaves, young flowers, and flowers post-pollination |
are |
tissues endowed with meristematic activity |
Oryza sativa |
| BnCLV1 expression in control embryos |
is localized to |
central region of apical pole |
Brassica napus |
| BnZLL expression in control embryos |
shows faint signal often extended to |
base of cotyledons in late cotyledonary embryos |
Brassica napus |
| Agave KNOX genes complementation |
alters expression of |
(AS1, ATMYB91, ATPHAN, LL2, MYB91, AT2G37630) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| class I KNOX genes |
are involved in |
meristem function |
|
| BnZLL-1 gene |
is |
SAM marker gene |
Brassica napus |
| misexpression of Clavata 1 (ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) |
negatively affects |
architecture of shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Zwille (AGO10, PNH, ZLL, AT5G43810) in Arabidopsis |
expression pattern is confined to |
vascular tissue and to a lesser extent to the apical pole |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Brassica napus ZWILLE-1 (BnZLL-1) |
is orthologous to |
Arabidopsis thaliana ZWILLE (AtZLL) |
Brassica napus; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Agave KNOX genes complementation |
alters expression of |
(KNAT6, KNAT6L, KNAT6S, AT1G23380) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FT protein |
has broader roles in |
regulation of meristem determinacy |
|
| late embryogenesis abundant protein 76 ( (LEA, AT2G21490) 76) |
is |
development-related gene that is repressed in all three meristems |
Pisum sativum |
| zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 16 |
is |
development-related gene that is repressed in all three meristems |
Pisum sativum |
| PsPDF1 expression pattern |
indicates |
conserved function of this gene in pea as in Arabidopsis |
Pisum sativum; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| group Va ERFs with incomplete CMV-1 motifs |
may have a conserved biological function in |
control of meristem-associated regulation |
Solanum lycopersicum; Medicago truncatula; Populus trichocarpa |
| HD-ZIP III proteins |
are required for |
initiation of lateral meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| restriction of flowering to subset of axillary meristems (AXMs) |
ensures |
continuation of vegetative growth |
|
| brassinazole (Brz) inhibitor |
has negative effects on SAM development only if included in medium within |
first 15 days in culture |
Brassica napus |
| eve1-D mutant |
showed |
axillary and lateral shoot apical meristems (SAMs) in late vegetative stage |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BnCLV1 expression |
shows opposite tendency in |
brassinazole (BrZ)-treated embryos |
Brassica napus |
| fate of the meristematic cells |
is not determined, but rather influenced by |
physiological conditions of embryonic environment |
|
| expression of BnZLL-1 |
was delocalized in |
control embryos |
Brassica napus |
| Agave KNOX genes ectopic expression |
alters expression of |
(AS1, ATMYB91, ATPHAN, LL2, MYB91, AT2G37630) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| meristem initiation-related transcriptional factors |
were detected with high expression levels in |
rhizome buds |
Phyllostachys praecox |
| receptor-like kinase genes and meristem initiation-related transcriptional factors |
might be related to |
the meristem characteristics during rhizome bud development |
bamboo |
| brassinazole (BRZ) treatment |
confines BnSTM to |
smaller pocket of cells in apical pole of globular embryos |
Brassica napus |
| brassinolide (BL)-treated embryos |
never show BnZLL expression in |
lateral regions of apical pole |
Brassica napus |
| (XTH1, XTR22, AT4G13080) protein |
consistent presence in |
meristematic tissue |
Cicer arietinum |
| sequence analysis |
identified |
two putative class I KNOX genes |
Agave tequilana |
| FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) |
has a role in |
meristem maintenance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PHABULOSA (ATHB-14, ATHB14, PHB, PHB-1D, AT2G34710) |
performs overlapping functions with |
REVOLUTA (AVB1, IFL, IFL1, REV, AT5G60690) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARGONAUTE 10 (AGO10, PNH, ZLL, AT5G43810) combined with (MIR165, MIR165B, AT4G00885) /166 |
acts as locker and released |
HID-ZIPIII from ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1, AtAGO1, ICU9, AT1G48410) (MIR165, MIR165B, AT4G00885) /166 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| regular meristems |
are observed on |
tip of rhizome buds |
Phyllostachys praecox |
| REVOLUTA |
was detected with high expression level in |
rhizome buds |
Phyllostachys praecox |
| brassinazole (BrZ)-treated embryos lacking SAM |
do not stain for |
BnSTM transcript |
Brassica napus |
| BnSTM localization pattern in brassinolide (BL)-treated embryos |
coincides with |
pattern observed in zygotic embryos |
Brassica napus |
| BnCLV1 signal in control embryos at completion of developmental programme |
is observed in |
subapical domain of SAM, although not in all cells |
Brassica napus |
| Brassica napus SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (BnSTM) overexpression line |
shows |
well-defined, dome-shaped shoot apical meristems (SAMs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KNOX gene expression |
is important for |
formation of new meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Kalanchoë daigremontiana; Dendrobium nobile |
| BnCLV1 expression |
increases after a few days in cultures in |
brassinolide (BL)-treated embryos |
Brassica napus |
| modulation of ascorbate and glutathione redox status |
is required to ensure |
formation of functional apical meristems |
Brassica napus |
| PpSPY |
may affect |
meristem initiation indirectly |
bamboo |
| brassinolide (BL)-treated embryos |
show apical poles that are |
more organized, mainly dome-shaped, composed of larger number of cytoplasmic cells |
Brassica napus |
| brassinolide (BL)-treated embryos |
show BnZLL expression always in |
pocket of meristematic cells occupying central domain of SAM |
Brassica napus |
| (SHA1, AT5G63780) mutant |
had ectopic meristems formed around terminated shoot apical meristem (SAM) at later growth stages |
ectopic meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| APETALA 2 (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) |
is involved in |
regulation of stem cell niche |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcription factors |
underpin |
molecular mechanisms governing cell proliferation and differentiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), (AIL6, PLT3, AT5G10510) and (AIL7, PLT7, AT5G65510) |
show differential genetic interactions with |
meristem regulators such as WUSCHEL (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) |
|
| wild-type plants |
displayed |
dome-shaped shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) signals |
were absent in |
many other same-stage floral primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) |
was expressed in |
central zone above WUS-expressing cells in the IM and in the FM of flowers of stages 1–6 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| vegetative SAMs |
have cytohistological zones distinguished by |
differences in mitotic activity |
|
| reproductive (inflorescence or terminal flower) SAM |
has zonation replaced by |
mitotically active meristematic mantle overlaying less active core |
|
| mutations in the (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) alleles |
compromise |
formation of functional shoot apical meristems (SAMs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (XTH1, XTR22, AT4G13080) protein location in rapidly dividing and expanding tissues |
suggests that it functions in |
development and morphogenesis of tissues close to the meristem |
Cicer arietinum |
| ZWILLE (AGO10, PNH, ZLL, AT5G43810) |
is not needed for |
post-embryonic meristem function |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtqKNOX1 or AtqKNOX2 genes |
may carry out the functions of |
(SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) class genes |
Agave tequilana |
| (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) expression region |
is occasionally shifted to |
peripheral zone in atbrca2a-1/atbrca2b-1 double mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| regulation of (ARR5, ATRR2, IBC6, RR5, AT3G48100) (ARR6, AT5G62920) and (ARR7, AT1G19050) |
provides link to |
meristem identity |
|
| brassinolide (BL) treatment |
increases |
BnCLV1 expression |
Brassica napus |
| overexpressing (BP, BP1, KNAT1, AT4G08150) in (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) mutant lines |
rescues |
formation of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KNOX gene function |
is important for development of |
vegetative meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Dendrobium nobile; Kalanchoe daigremontiana |
| eve1-D plants |
exhibited |
only dome-shaped shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) expression in meristems |
is restricted to |
organizing centre of shoot meristem during post-embryonic stages |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (WOX5, WOX5B, AT3G11260) in root |
maintains stem cells in same way as |
(PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) maintains stem cells in shoot |
Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (WOX11, AT3G03660) in rice |
is also expressed in |
root and shoot meristems |
Oryza sativa |
| (AVB1, IFL, IFL1, REV, AT5G60690) mutant |
frequently fail to develop in |
rosette leaf axils |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| central part of SAM surface in spiral Fibonacci phyllotaxis |
most probably corresponds to |
surface of central zone |
Anagallis arvensis |
| pAtHAM2::YPET-GmHAM, pAtHAM2::YPET-CaHAM, pAtHAM2::YPET-OsHAM, pAtHAM2::YPET-AmHAM1, and pAtHAM2::YPET-AmHAM2 reporters |
expression patterns are largely comparable with |
pAtHAM2::YPET-AtHAM2 in Arabidopsis SAMs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CLE peptide application |
produces |
semi-fasciated meristems |
Marchantia |
| BnCLV1 gene |
is |
SAM marker gene |
Brassica napus |
| BrZ repression of BnSTM expression |
is relieved in |
BL+BrZ-treated embryos |
Brassica napus |
| brassinolide (BL)-treated globular embryos |
show BnCLV1 expression extended to |
second layer of cells |
Brassica napus |
| brassinolide (BL) treatment |
shows very strong BnCLV1 signal throughout |
meristematic region of middle and late cotyledonary embryos |
Brassica napus |
| pockets of cells within the apical pole of control embryos not expressing BnSTM |
might lack |
the 'meristematic identity' conferred by this gene |
Brassica napus |
| (ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) mutation |
culminates in |
enlarged meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ectopic meristems |
produced |
adventitious shoots and flowers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VvWOX9 |
regulates |
(PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) expression in shoot apical meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HAM family members |
have conserved functions |
meristem development and stem cell homeostasis |
|
| small peptides |
underpin |
molecular mechanisms governing cell proliferation and differentiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reproductive phase change |
modifies the fate of |
shoot meristem primordia |
|
| floral meristem (FM) |
conforms to |
phytomer theory |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL-1, TFL1, AT5G03840) |
acts outside of |
shoot meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| XTH gene |
highly expressed in |
bamboo meristem |
|
| inactive subset of cells within the inflorescence |
retains |
meristem identity |
|
| shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
undergoes transitions throughout its lifetime |
developmental transitions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BnSTM and BnCLV1 |
localize throughout the subapical domains in a zygotic-like fashion in |
brassinolide (BL)-treated embryos |
Brassica napus |
| brassinolide (BL) treatment |
extends BnCLV1 expression to |
whole subapical region of SAM in early cotyledonary embryos |
Brassica napus |
| some ESTs found in bulbil libraries |
show homology to |
genes known to be important for meristem maintenance, cell division, and differentiation |
Agave tequilana |
| SAM encircled by conjoint cotyledon |
leads to |
functional defect and no growth |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| atbrca2 mutant plants |
display |
fasciation phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CLAVATA3 (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) |
is |
key meristem regulatory gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ROSULATA mutations |
result in abnormalities in |
leaf arrangement and branching patterns |
Antirrhinum |
| (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) expression after axillary meristem initiation |
is again restricted to |
leaf axil |
Pisum sativum |
| (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) expression pattern |
indicates that this gene is recruited to |
mark boundary region separating organ domains |
Pisum sativum |
| (AVB1, IFL, IFL1, REV, AT5G60690) single mutants |
exhibited |
weak SAM defects |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| atbrca2 mutant plants |
display |
abnormal phyllotaxy phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| formation process of AM |
resembles |
formation process of SAM |
Pisum sativum |
| FG533425 expression in centre of SAM |
has not been reported for |
Arabidopsis ANT |
Pisum sativum; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (BP, BP1, KNAT1, AT4G08150) |
plays a key role in |
development of the SAM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) expression in (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) mutant seedlings |
is present in fewer |
cells than in wild-type |
|
| (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) loss-of-function mutations and stm-1 |
show only additive effects |
SAM phenotype |
|
| severe (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) phenotype compared to (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) |
suggests |
(HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) has a broader role in maintaining growth in the vegetative shoot apex |
|
| (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) >>IPT plants |
still showed |
some weak (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) phenotypes, such as fused cotyledons and abnormal inflorescence and flowers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pWUS:GUS expression |
is spread out into |
outer cell layers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rescue of 5-day-old (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) seedlings by sucrose-containing medium |
suggests |
some cells in the (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) shoot and root apex retain meristematic potential after arrest of growth |
|
| (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) activation |
failed to rescue |
meristem abortion phenotype in (ANAC054, ATNAC1, CUC1, AT3G15170) (ANAC098, ATCUC2, CUC2, AT5G53950) 35S:STM-GR plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genes and phytohormones involved in CMM development |
have a role in |
SAM development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduction in SAM size |
could be |
consequence of (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) activity repression |
|
| ALOG members |
are involved in regulating |
transition from indeterminate to determinate meristem |
Oryza sativa; Sorghum bicolor |
| (AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) |
modulates activity of |
PHABULOSA (ATHB-14, ATHB14, PHB, PHB-1D, AT2G34710) KANADI 1 (KAN, KAN1, AT5G16560) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 3 (ARF3, ETT, AT2G33860) |
|
| cells in Layer 2 of leaf |
have the same genotype as |
germline cells in the shoot apex |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) mutant |
displays |
enlarged inflorescence meristem (IM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| REVOLUTA (AVB1, IFL, IFL1, REV, AT5G60690) |
plays roles in initiation of |
floral meristem (FM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SAM-defective ae4-1 rev-6 plants |
included those where SAM was |
completely terminated |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) (SHOOTMERISTEMLESS) protein |
is required for |
the establishment and maintenance of all shoot meristems |
|
| (AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) mutants |
may help to investigate |
mode of action of (AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) |
|
| AqcFL1 |
plays a role in |
repression of axillary bud growth |
Aquilegia coerulea |
| shoot apical meristem after weeks of LT exposure |
ceases to produce |
leaf primordia |
|
| (ATBARD1, BARD1, ROW1, AT1G04020) |
regulates SAM organization and maintenance by limiting expression of |
(PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) expression |
was detected in |
SAM and leaf primordia |
Pisum sativum |
| Vegetative apices exhibiting spiral Fibonacci phyllotaxis |
have been studied with |
sequential replica method |
Anagallis arvensis |
| SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) |
is |
key meristem regulatory gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Pisum sativum GA 20-oxidase mRNA |
is |
development-related gene that is repressed in all three meristems |
Pisum sativum |
| seedlings with cup-shaped cotyledons |
is speculated to result from |
defect in the shoot apical meristem |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| SAM shape in asymmetrical cotyledon plantlets |
is flatter than |
untreated control SAM which looks like a cone |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| Growth distribution at SAM periphery |
is not uniform in plants showing |
decussate and spiral phyllotaxis |
Anagallis arvensis |
| growth pattern of wedge-like segments |
depends on |
position of segment and age of adjacent leaf primordium |
Anagallis arvensis |
| cell cycle regulation |
is likely involved in |
regulation of SAM organization by (ATBARD1, BARD1, ROW1, AT1G04020) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| STM-leading pathways |
maintain cells in the meristem indeterminate |
meristem indeterminate state |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) signal-containing region in the day 4 ae4-1 rev-6 IM |
seemed |
broader |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| WUSCHEL-CLAVATA (WUS-CLV) pathway |
is activated during |
embryogenesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) (ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) and (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) orthologues |
appear to be well conserved in |
monocot and dicot systems |
|
| WUSCHEL (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) |
is |
key meristem regulatory gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| observations for Arabidopsis |
cannot always be extended to |
other species, including other dicot species |
|
| 27 transcripts |
have been successfully identified that potentially distinguish |
AM gene expression profile from that of SAM |
Pisum sativum |
| homeobox protein (SBH1, AT1G69640) |
is |
development-related gene that is repressed in all three meristems |
Pisum sativum |
| cryptic bract |
emerges at |
inflorescence meristem (IM) periphery during floral stage 1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) expression pattern |
appeared normal in |
most day 4 ae4-1 rev-6 IMs and some FMs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| central region of inflorescence SAM |
is characterized by |
lower mitotic activity than peripheral region |
Anagallis arvensis |
| defect in double-strand break (DSB) repair in atbrca2a/atbrca2b double mutant |
might lead to |
shoot apical meristem (SAM) disorganization via ectopic expression of (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| meristem sizes of stressed root tips |
became smaller than |
those of control |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KNOX activity |
promotes SAM function by orchestrating |
gene-expression regime that results in elevated CK and low GA activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ae4-1 rev-6 double mutant |
had much higher frequency of |
plants with a defective SAM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| unknown protein (EX570896) and (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) |
may be involved in |
regulating AM initiation as well as SAM maintenance |
Pisum sativum |
| E-class genes |
have been shown to be involved in |
maintenance of meristem identity |
Oryza sativa |
| (AVB1, IFL, IFL1, REV, AT5G60690) mutant |
has minor defects in |
meristem initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| central region of inflorescence SAM |
is similar to |
vegetative SAM |
Anagallis arvensis |
| pea orthologue PsPDF1 |
shows high sequence similarity to |
Arabidopsis (PDF1, PP2AA2, PR 65, AT3G25800) |
Pisum sativum; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BnZLL-1 |
is homologous to |
ZWILLE (AGO10, PNH, ZLL, AT5G43810) |
Brassica napus; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TOPLESS transcriptional co-repressors |
are critical for |
gametophore apical cell formation |
Physcomitrium |
| overexpression of (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) in poplar |
appears to cause vegetative meristems to skip |
stage of inflorescence meristem development |
Populus |
| (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) expression in the organizing center |
promotes |
stem-cell fate |
|
| cytokinin also affects (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) expression |
creates |
positive-feedback loop |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) transcription absence at proliferative arrest |
indicates |
strong correlation with proliferative arrest |
|
| apical meristems in sporophyte of Arabidopsis thaliana |
share |
a number of regulatory gene homologs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FveKNOX1 (GDR: FvH4_6g07460) |
is most highly expressed in |
receptacle meristem (REM), floral meristem (FM), and shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Fragaria vesca |
| 26S proteasome genetic pathway |
is involved in |
regulating IM and FM functions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| central SAM part in decussate vegetative SAM of Anagallis |
has |
relatively slow expansion |
Anagallis arvensis |
| plastochron |
is shorter in reproductive phase than in |
vegetative phase |
Anagallis arvensis |
| PROTODERMAL FACTOR1 (PDF1) |
is |
known marker gene for L1 layer in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cessation of primary RAM division during SIMR |
leads to |
disorganized meristems |
|
| SAM shape in single cotyledon plantlets |
is flatter than |
untreated control SAM which looks like a cone |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) |
modifies |
meristem activity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| young flowers of rev-6 |
had |
no obvious differences in the shape and size of their IM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SAM shape in cup-shaped cotyledon plantlets |
is flatter than |
untreated control SAM which looks like a cone |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| STM-leading pathways |
is analogous to the role of |
CLV-WUS pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Pisum sativum PsAD2 mRNA |
is |
development-related gene that is repressed in all three meristems |
Pisum sativum |
| (GATA15, AT3G06740) |
has been shown to have role in |
meristem formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shorter stem length of (H3.3, HTR8, AT5G10980) K27A lines |
is not due to |
early meristem termination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| embryonic type seedlings |
have |
arrested shoot apical meristem development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (H3.3, HTR8, AT5G10980) K27A lines |
display |
similar meristem radius as wild-type control |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutations in (ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) |
had |
similar phenotype to (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hormonal regime of 'high CK–low GA' activity |
may not operate exclusively in |
SAM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shepherd mutant |
produces |
floral and shoot meristem phenotypes closely resembling those of the clavata (clv) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CLASP expression and activity |
is key to understanding |
meristem homeostasis |
|
| Mpo-mr-13 lof mutants |
therefore formed fewer total meristems per plant than |
wild type |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| wheat PHOTOPERIOD-1 |
controls initiation of additional spikelets by regulating |
activity of axillary meristem |
Triticum aestivum |
| PIN reorientation in shoot apical meristems |
occurs in |
shoot apical meristems |
|
| (AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) |
binds to |
regulators of different stages of meristem development |
|
| (ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) in svp-41 (AGL24, AT4G24540) ap1-12 triple mutant |
is upregulated in |
svp-41 (AGL24, AT4G24540) ap1-12 triple mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| heterozygous effect of SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT) |
produces |
shoots that display a decrease in meristem determinacy |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
generates |
leaves, stems, and flowers |
|
| genetic investigations in Arabidopsis thaliana |
led to the identification of |
several key meristem regulatory genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (At-SCL28, SCL28, AT5G18810) |
modulates organ growth by |
defining meristem size |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) |
could have further roles unconnected with |
CK synthesis or signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| disruption of TIC |
led to |
decrease in cell number of root meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGO1, AtAGO1, ICU9, AT1G48410) and (AGO10, PNH, ZLL, AT5G43810) (PINHEAD) |
have overlapping functions in |
the meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KNOX proteins |
promote meristem activity via |
hormonal regime |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| zeatin or 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) application |
resulted in emergence of |
ectopic meristem from the fused cotyledon petioles |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATRING1A, RING1A, AT5G44280) −/− (AtBMI1B, ATDRIP1, AtRING1B, DRIP1, AT1G06770) −/− double mutant |
has |
enlarged shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| apical meristems |
require balance between |
cell production and differentiation |
|
| GA biosynthetic mutants |
are unable to increase |
meristem size |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HEADLESS (HDL) |
is homolog of |
WUSCHEL (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) |
Medicago truncatula; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MpPIN1 |
is not required for |
establishment of prothallus meristem in developing sporelings |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| main shoot |
appears more responsive to |
TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL-1, TFL1, AT5G03840) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shoot apex of 6-day-old (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) mutants |
lacks |
(PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) expression |
|
| lack of overproliferation in stip-D peripheral zone |
suggests |
other factors may prevent overgrowth in the peripheral zone by negatively regulating (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) activity |
|
| stm1 alleles |
rarely recover without |
cytokinin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression of a cytokinin biosynthesis gene in the (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) expression domain |
substantially suppresses |
stm1 phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GUS activity |
is detected in |
enlarged zone containing the shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARGONAUTE 10 (AGO10, PNH, ZLL, AT5G43810) |
combined with |
(MIR165, MIR165B, AT4G00885) /166 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CLE peptides |
has been shown to function in |
shoot and root meristem development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| exogenous application of GA |
is sufficient to suppress |
KNOX overexpression phenotypes |
|
| constitutive-GA-signaling mutant spindly (spy) |
enhances |
weak (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) allele to a shootless phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of function of (ATRING1A, RING1A, AT5G44280) and (AtBMI1B, ATDRIP1, AtRING1B, DRIP1, AT1G06770) |
results in |
superactivation of shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| floral meristem (FM) |
forms in the axil of |
a cryptic bract |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| floral meristems in (PUCHI, AT5G18560) mutants |
emerge from the inflorescence meristem (IM) and partially differentiate along an abaxial/adaxial axis, before reverting to |
inflorescence meristems (IMs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (TFL-1, TFL1, AT5G03840) and FT homologues |
highlight differences in |
primary and axillary meristems |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| IPT expression in the STM-expression domain |
partially suppresses |
phenotype of strong (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) mutant alleles |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| stm11 bp double mutants |
showed recovery percentage identical to |
single stm11 mutants following cytokinin application |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type SAM six days after germination |
has grown into |
dome-shaped structure |
|
| shoot apical meristem (SAM) tissue |
is established during |
embryogenesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtRLP10, CLV2, AT1G65380) mutant |
displays |
enlarged inflorescence meristem (IM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SAM activity |
is presumed to be dependent on |
SAM position |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| structural reorganization of the SAM |
affects |
SAM zonation |
|
| progression of cell cycle |
is linked closely to |
regulation of meristem organization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| spatiotemporal patterns of interactors for TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL-1, TFL1, AT5G03840) |
differ between |
shoot meristem and lateral meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ectopic TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL-1, TFL1, AT5G03840) |
gave rise to |
ap1-like structures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) clv3-2 double mutants |
show |
growth-arrest phenotype identical to (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) single mutants |
|
| cytokinin application |
did not affect |
phenotype of (ANAC054, ATNAC1, CUC1, AT3G15170) (ANAC098, ATCUC2, CUC2, AT5G53950) double mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shoot apical meristem (SAM) growth of the double mutant |
almost completely ceased |
a week after germination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| antagonistic actions of GAs and (AtCKS, CKS, KDSB, AT1G53000) |
are redundantly required for |
meristem development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lines expressing HA-tagged (IYO, AT4G38440) ( -HA) under the control of the 35S promoter |
only lines expressing |
high amounts of the fusion protein displayed meristem development phenotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (BRX, NLM9, AT1G31880) mutants |
exhibit |
severely reduced meristem growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clasp-1 mutants |
show reduced size in |
root apical meristems |
|
| clasp-1 mutants |
show reduced |
meristem size |
|
| rlp10-1 mutant |
is allelic to |
(AtRLP10, CLV2, AT1G65380) gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cell number |
decreases in |
shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
|
| SAM size reduction |
is |
limiting factor of SAM activity |
|
| cytokinins (CKs) |
regulate |
expression of WUSCHEL (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) |
|
| dichotomous branching |
is regarded as |
ancestral characteristic of growth from the meristem |
|
| genes involved in meristem development |
enriched as |
(AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) targets |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LS |
is associated with |
shoot apical meristem or axillary meristem function |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| stm-bum1; (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) double mutants |
have |
strong meristem defects |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| histone H4 expression in wus-1 seedling |
is expressed sporadically in |
shoot apex |
|
| reduced stem-cell population in rescued (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) seedlings |
is confirmed by |
CLV3::GUS expression |
|
| lack of histone H4 expression in apical region and leaf primordia of (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) seedlings |
indicates |
(HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) maintains the ability of cells to divide in the vegetative SAM and leaf primordia |
|
| spy-1;35S::AtCKX3 plants |
show |
strong vegetative meristem defects |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATRING1A, RING1A, AT5G44280) −/− (AtBMI1B, ATDRIP1, AtRING1B, DRIP1, AT1G06770) −/− mutant |
shows |
ectopic-meristem formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| prominent microtubule bundles |
have been linked to |
capacity of root apical meristems to sustain cell production |
|
| cell size |
decreases in |
shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
|
| INT-C and HvTB1 |
are downregulated in |
flo.a |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) |
binds |
ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX 8 (ATHB-8, ATHB8, HB-8, AT4G32880) |
|
| BAM-family LRR-RKs |
are required for |
shoot and floral meristem development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CLV pathway |
is known for role in |
maintaining size of meristematic stem cell pool |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CslD genes |
are needed for |
proper cell growth and proliferation in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cell number and SAM size in (AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) mutants |
decreased more than in |
reactivated wild-type meristems at 6 wab |
|
| STIMPY (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) |
is required for the maintenance of |
(PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) expression |
|
| (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) wus-1 double mutant phenotype on sucrose |
suggests |
exogenous sucrose affects genes upstream of (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) |
|
| 35S::AtCKX3 overexpression |
conditions development of |
smaller but correctly organized meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) mutants |
have phenotype of |
SAM does not form normally; cotyledons are fused; no further organs are formed |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| stm1 STM:LhG4 OP:IPT (stm1 STM>>IPT) seedlings |
recovered |
stm1 phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| roles for CLV in regulating stem cell function |
are conserved between |
Physcomitrella and Arabidopsis |
Physcomitrella patens; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| developing phloem |
orchestrates |
cellular behavior of adjacent tissues in growth apices |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| csld mutant flower |
had cells achieving maximum growth rates consistent with |
growth retardation being exerted at the level of the SAM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| csld mutant phenotypes |
demonstrate |
clear relationship between the cell wall and the function of the SAM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gametophytic shoot apical meristem |
is located in |
liverwort Marchantia polymorpha |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| ALOG paralogs in tomato |
synergistically regulate |
shoot apical meristem (SAM) maturation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) mRNA |
is induced in |
svp-41 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| poplar PtaERF003 |
controls |
formation and growth of adventitious and lateral root meristems |
Populus trichocarpa |
| constitutive GA signaling |
is sufficient to suppress |
KNOX overexpression phenotypes |
|
| transgenic plants carrying (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) variants |
were used to show |
glycine (Gly) to Ala substitution at position six gave weak (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shoot apex of 6-day-old (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) mutants |
lacks |
(AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) expression |
|
| (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) clv3-2 double mutant phenotype |
suggests |
(HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) is epistatic to (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) in SAM regulation |
|
| Physcomitrella |
does not fit |
Arabidopsis paradigm of meristem function |
Physcomitrella patens |
| SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) |
is required for |
meristem establishment and sustained function |
|
| day 4 inflorescences of most ae4-1 rev-6 plants |
had |
shape and size of the IM appeared normal |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SAM in cup-shaped cotyledon seedlings |
has dissimilarity compared to |
control SAM |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| atbrca2a-1/atbrca2b-1 double mutant |
occasionally develops |
enlarged shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATK1, KNAT2, AT1G70510) (KNOTTED-like from A. thaliana 2; C28) |
is expressed in |
vegetative apical meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) mutants |
have |
enlarged shoot apical meristem (SAM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DEFORMED ROOTS AND LEAVES1 (DRL1, TKPR1, AT4G35420) |
is likely to be involved in |
regulation of meristem activity and organ growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| stip-D |
fails to rescue |
SAM defects of wus-1 |
|
| OsGRF3 |
regulates meristem function through repressing expression of |
KNOX gene OsKN2 |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATGA2OX1, GA2OX1, AT1G78440) expression |
is strongly decreased in shoot apex at |
transition from vegetative to reproductive growth |
Oryza sativa |
| HvFT3 overexpression |
did not accelerate |
floral development |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (BRU1, MGO3, RPL30, TSK, AT3G18730) mutation |
showed very similar effects on |
SAM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Gly to Thr substitution |
produced |
phenotype most similar to (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| STIMPY (HB-3, STIP, WOX9, WOX9A, AT2G33880) |
is required for the maintenance of |
(AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) expression |
|
| spy-1;35S::AtCKX3 meristem defects |
reflect |
failure of the meristem to maintain itself |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (TOR, AT1G50030) |
controls |
apical meristematic activity of roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HvFT3 |
fails to promote |
floral development |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) loss-of-function mutant |
results in |
shoot-meristemless phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cells in the apex |
change their position with |
growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATK1, KNAT2, AT1G70510) |
could not replace |
full function of (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) in mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (BP, BP1, KNAT1, AT4G08150) (KNOTTED-LIKE FROM ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 1 BREVIPEDICELLUS) inability to substitute for (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) in mutant |
is explained by |
(SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) requirement for proper expression of (BP, BP1, KNAT1, AT4G08150) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Class 1 BPCs |
bind to promoters of |
SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increases in number of stem cells |
lead to |
highly enlarged meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |