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lignin biosynthesis

26909 relationships annotated with this phrase. Showing first 500 of 26909.
Source entity Relationship Target entity Species
PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) is upregulated in (FER, AT3G51550) mutants roots Solanum lycopersicum
DIR19 (dirigent protein 19) is increased in (FER, AT3G51550) mutants roots Solanum lycopersicum
ralf2 mutant showed increase in lignin content Solanum lycopersicum
dir19 mutants display opposite trend in lignin content in roots Solanum lycopersicum
apyrase-suppressed mutants have much more extensive lignin formation Arabidopsis thaliana
SvSH1 regulates (ATECS1, AtGSH1, CAD2, GSH1, GSHA, PAD2, RAX1, RML1, AT4G23100) Setaria viridis
(ATMYB58, MYB58, AT1G16490) 63 transcription factor overexpression results in ectopic lignin deposition Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATMYB58, MYB58, AT1G16490) /63 overexpression leads to ectopic deposition of lignin Arabidopsis thaliana
ralf2 dir19 double mutants exhibit reduced lignin content compared to ralf2 mutants Solanum lycopersicum
4CL is upregulated in ralf2 and (FER, AT3G51550) mutants Solanum lycopersicum
AtBLH6 orthologs are required to enhance lignin biosynthesis Oryza sativa; Populus sp.
eQTL mapping identifies genomic hotspots involved in lignin biosynthesis Populus
RALF-FER signaling modulates lignin content in tomato roots Solanum lycopersicum
(FER, AT3G51550) dir19 double mutants exhibit reduced lignin content compared to (FER, AT3G51550) mutants Solanum lycopersicum
peroxidase gene is not upregulated by AMF in wild rice Oryza rufipogon
low and non-lethal concentrations of H2S upregulates genes related to lignin biosynthesis
defects in cell type distribution at the stem related to defects in enzymatic pathway components essential for lignin biosynthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATMYB46, MYB46, AT5G12870) 83 transcription factor overexpression results in ectopic lignin deposition Arabidopsis thaliana
phenylpropanoids are core components of lignin Arabidopsis thaliana
DIR19 (dirigent protein 19) is required for regulation of lignin accumulation by RALF2-FER signaling Solanum lycopersicum
cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene is significantly upregulated by AMF in domesticated rice Oryza sativa
(CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) mutant has substantially reduced overall lignin levels Arabidopsis thaliana
p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) is lignin biosynthesis gene
monolignol-ferulic acid coupling products are reduced in ccr1-6 mutants compared to wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana
ccr1-6 mutants and (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) -d double mutants have been shown to have similarly decreased lignin contents Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) -d double mutants had S/G ratio of 0.081 Arabidopsis thaliana
p-coumarate in cell walls of Poaceae acylates lignin
lignification in anthers is initiated by activation of CCR by auxin Oryza sativa
miR397 has low levels in pollen
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) expression is affected in (H3.3, HTR8, AT5G10980) K27A Arabidopsis thaliana
cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ATECS1, AtGSH1, CAD2, GSH1, GSHA, PAD2, RAX1, RML1, AT4G23100) is direct target of SvSH1 Setaria viridis
(AtMYB36, MYB36, AT5G57620) directly binds to and positively regulates transcription of AtESB1 Arabidopsis thaliana
lignin biosynthetic pathway is strongly but differentially affected by AMF in wild and domesticated rice Oryza sativa; Oryza rufipogon
upregulation of lignin-related genes is seen as stress response Oryza sativa
multiple β-glucosidases (BGLUs) expression is affected in (H3.3, HTR8, AT5G10980) K27A Arabidopsis thaliana
aromatic amino acids (AAAs) are precursors for lignin
4CL (4-coumarate-CoA ligase) is upregulated in ralf2 mutants roots Solanum lycopersicum
(FER, AT3G51550) mutant showed upregulation of genes associated with monolignol synthesis and polymerization Solanum lycopersicum
Intermated (B73, CHL6, CNX, CNX1, SIR4, AT5G20990) × Mo17 recombinant inbred maize population used to define quantitative trait loci (QTL) for lignin abundance Zea mays
(AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutants show reduced abundance of G(8-O-4/8-5)phenylpropenoic acids/esters Arabidopsis thaliana
differences in lignin composition and phenolic metabolite levels between (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutants and wild-type plants can logically be explained by lower (ATC4H, C4H, CYP73A5, REF3, AT2G30490) C3H1, and F5H1 activities in (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutants Arabidopsis thaliana
lignin biosynthetic pathway has been largely elucidated Arabidopsis thaliana
lignin of ccr1-6 mutants had S/G ratio of 0.48 Arabidopsis thaliana
lignin biosynthesis pathway was activated in outer part of root under hydrogen sulphide and stagnant conditions lignin deposition
Svsh1 knockout in ME034 background results in differential expression of eight lignin-related genes Setaria viridis
peroxidase gene is significantly upregulated by AMF in domesticated rice Oryza sativa
(AtMYB43, MYB43, AT5G16600) directly activates lignin biosynthesis genes
(ATMYB63, MYB63, AT1G79180) N-OE plants show increased lignin levels in roots Solanum lycopersicum
ralf2 mutants show increased lignin content in roots Solanum lycopersicum
(FER, AT3G51550) mutant showed increase in lignin content Solanum lycopersicum
AMF inoculation and domestication status has interactional effect on lignin levels Oryza sativa; Oryza rufipogon
lignin biosynthesis-related genes were commonly upregulated in both hydrogen sulphide and stagnant conditions lignin biosynthesis pathway
AMF reduced lignin concentrations in lateral roots of wild rice Oryza rufipogon
Liu et al. (2022) reported lignin biosynthetic genes regulated by SvSH1 Setaria viridis
(FER, AT3G51550) mutants show increased lignin content in roots Solanum lycopersicum
DIR19 (dirigent protein 19) is increased in (ATMYB63, MYB63, AT1G79180) N-OE#12 plants Solanum lycopersicum
Lignin synthesis and vessel development are regulated by subgroup of MYB family members
alteration of the activity of genes involved in monolignol synthesis or polymerization can impact lignin abundance
OsCCR18 may compensate for OsCCR14 reduction Oryza sativa
PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) is upregulated in ralf2 mutants roots Solanum lycopersicum
m/z 120 (4-vinylphenol) is derived from p-coumaric acid Zea mays
NbPAT silenced plants showed significant reduction in lignin content in leaves and stems Nicotiana benthamiana
(MED33A, MED5A, RFR1, AT3G23590) (MED33B, MED5B, REF4, AT2G48110) c3h triple mutants had lignin amount restored to wild-type levels Arabidopsis thaliana
monolignols (MLs) are enzymatically oxidized by peroxidases and laccases
pathogen invasion leads to upregulation of lignin biosynthetic and deposition genes
WRKY proteins are found in QTL6 for lignin/4-vinylphenol traits Zea mays
homologs for almost every gene in the phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway are present within at least one of the lignin abundance- or saccharification yield-related QTL regions Zea mays
sinapyl alcohol gives rise to syringyl (S) units
VvABF2 seems to affect lignin biosynthesis by stimulation of (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) and laccase genes Vitis vinifera
genes involved in monolignol synthesis or polymerization are differentially expressed at least 5-fold in B73 as compared with Mo17 in lignin/4-vinylphenol QTL Zea mays
reduced abundance of oligolignols in (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutants indicates reduced flux toward coniferyl alcohol Arabidopsis thaliana
(AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutants show increased H units in lignin Arabidopsis thaliana
isoxaben induces ectopic lignification Arabidopsis thaliana
enrichment in p-coumaryl alcohol results in shorter lignin polymers Arabidopsis thaliana
CB5 and (ATC4H, C4H, CYP73A5, REF3, AT2G30490) interaction was detected in Arabidopsis cell cultures grown under standard conditions Arabidopsis thaliana
(CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) pOpON transgenic plants accumulate p-hydroxyphenyl lignin units Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) mutants show overall reduction in lignin deposition Arabidopsis thaliana
(ADT1, AtADT1, AT1G11790) /4/5 triple mutant displayed visual evidence of bolting stem structural weakening Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) clade comprises Oryza sativa OsCAD2; Populus tremula × Populus alba PtrCAD1; Arabidopsis (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) and (ATCAD5, CAD-5, CAD5, AT4G34230) Zea mays ZmCAD2; Sorghum bicolor SbCAD2 Oryza sativa; Populus tremula; Populus alba; Arabidopsis thaliana; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor
increasing expression of poplar ferulate-5-hydroxylase gene results in lignin that is almost entirely syringyl (S) lignin Populus spp.
(ATMYB30, MYB30, AT3G28910) shows expression differences of 5-fold or greater in QTL6 for lignin/4-vinylphenol traits Zea mays
C3′H deficiency in (CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) blocks formation of syringyl lignin Arabidopsis thaliana
lignin-linked p-coumarate occurs exclusively on hydroxyl group on γ-carbon of lignin unit side chains
free radicals from monolignol oxidation polymerize nonenzymatically to form lignin
OsCCR14 is the closest homolog to (ATCCR1, CCR1, IRX4, AT1G15950) Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
(ADT4, AT3G44720) knockout resulted in slightly higher lignin stem content Arabidopsis thaliana
(ADT1, AtADT1, AT1G11790) /4/5 triple mutant displayed approximately 50% reduction in lignin content Arabidopsis thaliana
genes in the (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) clade are true CADs and are involved in monolignol synthesis
reduced (HCT, AT5G48930) activity results in relative increase in H units Arabidopsis thaliana
lignin is synthesized by polymerization of hydroxycinnamyl alcohols or monolignols
recombinant (ATCAD8, CAD-B2, ELI3, ELI3-2, AT4G37990) had slight activities against intermediates of the lignin biosynthetic pathway Arabidopsis thaliana
reduced S/G ratio in (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutants strongly suggests F5H1 activity is negatively affected by reduced (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) activity Arabidopsis thaliana
(CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) mutant has nearly eliminated guaiacyl and syringyl lignin subunits Arabidopsis thaliana
individual CAD-genes are not rate-limiting Arabidopsis thaliana
all (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) genes may not all encode bona fide CADs and contribute to monolignol formation Arabidopsis thaliana
cation-independent caffeic acid OMT (COMT) is involved in formation of sinapoyl residues and S-lignin from 5-hydroxyferuloyl derivatives Arabidopsis thaliana
coniferaldehyde end-groups are present in low amounts in native lignins
(AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutant results in reduction of syringyl units Arabidopsis thaliana
vessel-specific expression of (ATC4H, C4H, CYP73A5, REF3, AT2G30490) restored growth phenotype even though overall lignin levels were still reduced compared with wild type Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis reduced epidermal fluorescence3 (ATC4H, C4H, CYP73A5, REF3, AT2G30490) mutant display severe growth defects and sterility Arabidopsis thaliana
C3'H activation depends on timing during plant development Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATCCR1, CCR1, IRX4, AT1G15950) is found to play a significant role in lignification Arabidopsis thaliana
mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) fragments are diagnostic for hydroxycinnamic acid
differentially expressed lignin biosynthetic enzymes predominate in lignin-related QTL Zea mays
substrates of p-COUMARATE 3-HYDROXYLASE1 (C3H1) accumulate in (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutants Arabidopsis thaliana
C3′H deficiency in (CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) blocks formation of guaiacyl lignin Arabidopsis thaliana
dexamethasone (dex) induction of C3′H in (CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) pOpON stems affects lignin deposited in (CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) mutant Arabidopsis thaliana
ADT knockout mutants are associated with different degrees of reduction of lignin content Arabidopsis thaliana
(ADT4, AT3G44720) /5 double mutant displayed further reduction in lignin content of approximately 38% Arabidopsis thaliana
(ADT3, PD1, AT2G27820) /4/5/6 quadruple mutant was unable to maintain bolting stem structural integrity Arabidopsis thaliana
genes involved in lignin biosynthesis are known lignin biosynthesis pathway
ATR2-deficient plants have different lignin composition Arabidopsis thaliana
down-regulation or mutation of genes and enzymes early in the pathway leads to drastic lignin reduction Arabidopsis thaliana
lignin deficiency may directly impact plant growth
de novo lignin biosynthesis is not essential for germination or cotyledon development Arabidopsis thaliana
p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) units are derived from p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohol
(ATCCR1, CCR1, IRX4, AT1G15950) gene encodes for CCR designated as (ATCCR1, CCR1, IRX4, AT1G15950) Arabidopsis thaliana
(ADT5, AT5G22630) had lignin contents reduced the most under long-day growth/development Arabidopsis thaliana
reduced accumulation of lignin in stems of plants silenced for NbPAT would be direct consequence of prioritized use of Phe pool toward protein biosynthesis Nicotiana benthamiana
recombinant (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) or (ATCAD5, CAD-5, CAD5, AT4G34230) enzymes have higher activities against intermediates of the lignin biosynthetic pathway Arabidopsis thaliana
precise channeling of individual precursors through metabolons would be superior mode of control
(CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) hydroxylates quinate and shikimate esters of 4-coumaric acid Arabidopsis thaliana
ccr1g mutant displays reduced lignin staining in xylem vessels
ccr1g mutant displays absent lignin staining in fibers
sinapyl alcohol is precursor of S lignin units Arabidopsis thaliana
ccc mutant releases very little amounts of monomers
genome-wide epistatic interaction targets of Rc and (ATIPT5, IPT5, AT5G19040) include target genes involved in phenylpropanoid and lignin biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway, isoprenoid metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis Oryza sativa
functionally characterized enzymes of the core phenylpropanoid and lignin biosynthesis routes derive from lineage-specific radiations
MeCAD15 enzyme activity may be influenced by MeRAV5 Manihot esculenta
(AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) ability to donate electrons to (ATC4H, C4H, CYP73A5, REF3, AT2G30490) Arabidopsis thaliana
xylem region is more enriched in G units Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtbZIP, bZIP, AT1G68880) transcription factors are found in QTL5 for lignin/4-vinylphenol traits Zea mays
ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE2 (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) is hypothesized to be preferentially involved in providing electrons to p-COUMARATE 3-HYDROXYLASE1 (C3H1) Arabidopsis thaliana
down-regulation of (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) affects lignin structure Arabidopsis thaliana
atr2-2 mutant shows decreased G units in lignin Arabidopsis thaliana
β-syringyl ether linkages is reduced in (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutants Arabidopsis thaliana
oligolignols and hexosylated oligolignols are also reduced in (ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) -6 ProSNBE compared to wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana
sinapyl alcohol produces syringyl (S) lignin units
(ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) and (ATCAD5, CAD-5, CAD5, AT4G34230) are confirmed to be CADs of lignin biosynthesis pathway in floral stems Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtMAGL3, CSE, LysoPL2, AT1G52760) is involved in lignification Arabidopsis thaliana
(AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutants show decreased S/G ratio Arabidopsis thaliana
reduced C3H activity results in relative increase in H units Arabidopsis thaliana
(AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) electron donation is important for lignifying cells Arabidopsis thaliana
roots accumulate lignin
modulating enzyme activities in lignin biosynthesis pathway alters abundance of lignin biosynthesis substrates
4-COUMARATE : COENZYME A LIGASE (4CL) is lignin biosynthesis gene
alternative approaches to achieve vessel-specific lignification in poplar via perturbing lignification specifically in fibers Populus spp.
nontraditional monomers can be incorporated into lignin in wild-type and genetically modified plants
OsCCR14 could play important roles in lignification process Oryza sativa
(AtATR1, ATMYB34, ATR1, MYB34, AT5G60890) follows similar expression profile to lignin biosynthetic genes Arabidopsis thaliana
partial restoration of lignification in xylem will lead to further decrease in S/G ratio in (ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) -6 ProSNBE lines Arabidopsis thaliana
OsFBK1 knockdown transgenics displayed more lignin accumulation in root tissues Oryza sativa
(ADT3, PD1, AT2G27820) /4/5 triple mutant displayed approximately 50% reduction in lignin content Arabidopsis thaliana
(AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutants show reduced abundance of hexosylated oligolignols Arabidopsis thaliana
TRANSALDOLASE2 is involved in lignification Arabidopsis thaliana
RNA interference (RNAi) plants in which hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate:hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT, AT5G48930) was suppressed display severe growth defects and sterility Arabidopsis thaliana
oligolignols and hexosylated oligolignols are severely reduced in ccr1-6 mutants compared to wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana
(ADT3, PD1, AT2G27820) /4/5 triple mutant displayed visual evidence of bolting stem structural weakening Arabidopsis thaliana
oligolignols accumulated in (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutant all had terminal H unit Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis reduced epidermal fluorescence8 (CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) mutant display severe growth defects and sterility Arabidopsis thaliana
Caffeoyl-coenzyme A O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is lignin biosynthesis gene
ccr1-6 mutants have lower S/G ratio Arabidopsis thaliana
OsERF71 overexpression elevates expression of lignin biosynthetic genes Oryza sativa
structural genes involved in lignin biosynthesis have been elucidated in model species Arabidopsis thaliana; Populus spp.; Medicago sativa
ATR2-deficient plants have 6% less lignin Arabidopsis thaliana
regulatory process of OsFBK1-mediated OsCCR14 degradation has significant applications in wood-softening processes in wood and paper industries
feruloyl groups in glucuronoarabinoxylan are believed to act as nucleating sites for lignin formation
collapsed xylem vessels are similar to those found in CCR-down-regulated transgenic tobacco plants Nicotiana benthamiana; Nicotiana tabacum
down-regulation of NbCOMT is evidenced by almost unaltered secondary xylem structure Nicotiana benthamiana
Wiesner staining in (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) c d mutant is increased but not to the same extent as in Wiesner staining in ccc mutant
ccc mutant displays red coloration of xylem vessels and fibers
(ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) silencing has negative impact on (ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) expression
p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol give rise to p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) lignin units
accumulation of p-coumarates, caffeates, and ferulates and their benzenoid derivatives in (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutants are logical consequence of reduced activity of (ATC4H, C4H, CYP73A5, REF3, AT2G30490) C3H1, and F5H1 Arabidopsis thaliana
(CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) mutant deposits lignin largely derived from p-hydroxyphenyl subunits Arabidopsis thaliana
OsFBK1 knockdown line accumulates slightly more lignin Oryza sativa
(ATCAD7, CAD7, CHR, ELI3, ELI3-1, AT4G37980) has considerably lower activities against intermediates of the lignin biosynthetic pathway Arabidopsis thaliana
CCR-2 can partly compensate for (ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) knockout phenotype Arabidopsis thaliana
CAD-silenced tobacco displays red coloration Nicotiana tabacum
toolbox (method plus imagej macro) will contribute to better understanding of how lignification is regulated at the cellular level
Plants silenced only for NbAsp5 showed normal phloroglucinol staining Nicotiana benthamiana
reducing lignin content in mutant or transgenic lines can result in reduced biomass yields
harpin-related protein is identified as candidate gene in QTL5 for lignin and 4-vinylphenol Zea mays
(ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) -6 ProSNBE shows reduced S/G ratio at level even lower than ccr1-6 Arabidopsis thaliana
MYB proteins have been linked to affecting other components required for lignification
OsERF71 overexpression elevates lignification in rice roots Oryza sativa
cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) is considered key enzymatic step in monolignol biosynthesis
down-regulation of NbCOMT is evidenced by less lignin reduction in these plants Nicotiana benthamiana
moderate reduction of lignin in N. benthamiana plants does not significantly alter plant growth Nicotiana benthamiana
(ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) c d mutant displays two-fold lower (ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) expression
original (CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) mutant has missense mutation in C3'H Arabidopsis thaliana
lignin difference between ref8* and ref8* gir1-1 is not as clear in acetyl bromide assay Arabidopsis thaliana
enzymes in lignin biosynthesis contribute to different monomer composition and various ratios of guaiacyl or syringyl units
Arabidopsis (ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) knockout mutants show reduced lignin formation Arabidopsis thaliana
specific translocation of monolignols by unknown (ATP binding cassette?) transporters is suggested for xylem formation in angio- and gymnosperms
CCR-down-regulated transgenic tobacco was severely stunted with spoon-like leaves Nicotiana tabacum
hydroxycinnamyl aldehyde is reduced to hydroxycinnamyl alcohol (monolignol)
angiosperm lignin contains abundant G and S units
laccase gene downregulation affects lignin content and spatial distribution Arabidopsis thaliana
this study has paid particular attention to routes leading to the biosynthesis of lignin
lignin alkali pretreatment could significantly increase endogenous lignin content in cassava Manihot esculenta
lignin biosynthesis perturbation results in severe growth and developmental defects
(CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) mutant is dwarfed Arabidopsis lignin mutant Arabidopsis thaliana
COMT suppression apparently has fairly moderate or no effect on overall lignin content in tobacco Nicotiana tabacum
substantially increased acido-soluble lignin content might reflect important changes in lignin structure
safranin-O staining is used to evaluate and compare lignin contents in Arabidopsis thaliana lignin biosynthesis mutants Arabidopsis thaliana
(GMD2, MUR1, MUR_1, SFR8, AT3G51160) mutant showed lignification alterations
epistatic interactions of Rc and (ATIPT5, IPT5, AT5G19040) were found in targets of lignin metabolism
structural and regulatory genes lead to accumulation of gymnosperm and angiosperm lignin
(ATMYB58, MYB58, AT1G16490) and (ATMYB63, MYB63, AT1G79180) are direct activators of lignin biosynthetic genes Arabidopsis thaliana
phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) encoding genes are regulated by conditions demanding increased lignin production
Klason lignin (KL) level is more reduced in ccc triple mutant
(ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) c d mutant displays reduced lignin content
(ATPAL1, PAL1, AT2G37040) (ATPAL2, PAL2, AT3G53260) (ATPAL3, PAL3, AT5G04230) (PAL4, AT3G10340) quadruple mutant shows defective lignin synthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
lignin content significantly increased with an increase in GhnsLTPsA10 expression Gossypium hirsutum; Arabidopsis thaliana
shikimate pathway contributes to lignin formation
down-regulation of NbCOMT has only moderate effects on lignin deposition Nicotiana benthamiana
(ATCRR2, CCR2, AT2G39180) and (CAD1, PROSCOOP5, AT5G44570) overexpression in ccc may result in lower remaining CCR and CAD activities than in transgenic tobaccos remaining CCR and (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) activities Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) D gene is expressed in reproductive tissues of WT samples Arabidopsis thaliana
cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) reduces hydroxycinnamyl aldehyde to hydroxycinnamyl alcohol (monolignol)
PbCCRSNL-like (accession number 103943280) transcript level is lower in peel of russet and semi-russet fruits and their rainfall-treated fruit compared to controls Pyrus × bretschneideri
qSH1 suppresses expression of by binding to promoter of 4-COUMARATE: COENZYME A LIGASE 3 (4CL3, AT1G65060)
coniferyl alcohol is incorporated into lignin as guaiacyl (G) unit
this study infers evolutionary history of 11 critical enzyme families known to be woven into the mesh of routes from phenylpropanoids to lignin biosynthesis in land plants
cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) are considered committed steps into monolignol, lignan, and lignin biosynthesis
simultaneous absence of CCR and (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) activities has cumulative effect on content and composition of lignins of ccc mutant
CAD-silenced poplar displays red coloration Populus trichocarpa
SbCAD2 is related to internode phenotype sorghum
TaCAD1 is very similar to other bona fide CADs Triticum aestivum
temporal difference in gene expression of TaCCR1, TaCM, and TaCAD1 coincides with enzymes' positions in monolignol synthesis pathway Triticum aestivum
lignin formation may proceed via metabolic grid or precise channeling of individual precursors through metabolons
VIGS-NbCCR-infected plants are similar to CCR-down-regulated transgenic tobacco Nicotiana benthamiana; Nicotiana tabacum
genes regulate lignin biosynthesis and deposition at the cellular level
sinapoyl CoA is usually considered not to be direct precursor for lignin monomer production
down-regulation of NbCOMT has less severe impact on growth compared to down-regulation of Nb4CL and NbCCR Nicotiana benthamiana
gymnosperm lignin is typically composed of G units
ref8* gir1-1 suppressor plants are still deficient in G and S lignin Arabidopsis thaliana
transport of monolignols prior to assembly requires additional work on understanding mechanisms
acido-soluble lignin (ASL) is increased in ccc triple mutant
lignification is important for stem rigidity Arabidopsis thaliana
Wiesner staining is specific for coniferaldehyde end-groups in lignins
ccc mutant severely affects stem lignin structure Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) c d mutant displays slightly increased lignin staining in stem cross-sections
reduction in lignin content through manipulation of monolignol biosynthetic pathway generally has undesirable pleiotropic effects
ferulic acid (FA) residues can be covalently linked to lignin monomers
genetic manipulation of lignin content may have potential to reduce recalcitrance of biomass Nicotiana benthamiana
absence of (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) and CCR has more severe consequences on phenotype than individual absence of each of them Arabidopsis thaliana
CCR-silenced poplar displays orange-brown coloration Populus trichocarpa
cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) converts hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA to hydroxycinnamyl aldehyde
derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) method revealed lignin composition Arabidopsis thaliana
lignin deficiency leads to reduced biomass
mutations in med5b-3 and med2-3 restore growth phenotype without changing sinapoylmalate and lignin content in ref4-3 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATCAD5, CAD-5, CAD5, AT4G34230) (CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 5) did not show change in expression in SUB-OX leaves Nicotiana benthamiana
coniferin content in (UGT73C7, AT3G53160) knockout plants was slightly increased in (UGT73C7, AT3G53160) knockout plants after Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 treatment Arabidopsis thaliana
alternative biochemical pathway of syringyl–lignin biosynthesis occurs in higher plants
ccc mutant stem lignin shows incorporation into polymer of monolignol precursors Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) Arabidopsis mutant does not display orange-brown coloration Arabidopsis thaliana
marker compounds for (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) and CCR deficiencies in ccc mutant demonstrates additive impact of the two missing lignin biosynthesis steps
(ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) c d mutant contains thioacidolysis marker compound for CCR deficiency
markedly altered lignin content and structure probably accounts for altered growth
sinapyl alcohol is incorporated into lignin as syringyl (S) unit
Overexpression of SUB did not cause induced expression of genes essential to lignin monomer synthesis Nicotiana benthamiana
cytochrome P450 enzyme that is orthologous to enzymes that act in lignin biosynthesis hinges on the action of enrichment of the Physcomitrium patens (moss) cuticle in phenolic compounds Physcomitrium patens
PbCCRSNL-6-like isoform X2 expression was severely suppressed in russet and semi-russet pears
PbCOMT2 transcript level was higher in russet ZS and semi-russet CG and in their rainfall-treated fruits compared to controls
(CCoAOMT1, AT4G34050) was originally considered to be only associated with monolignol formation
soluble lignin alkali pretreatment increased endogenous lignin content Manihot esculenta
brown-midrib maize shows improved digestion by ruminant animals Zea mays
reduced C3H1 activity is likely a direct result of 10- to 15-fold increase in H units in (AR2, ATR2, AT4G30210) mutants Arabidopsis thaliana
epidermis cells do not lignify Arabidopsis thaliana
functional analysis of CB5s will shed light on putative role as electron donors of CYP450s involved in lignification Arabidopsis thaliana
NbAsp5 suppression in N. benthamiana resulted in no changes in lignin deposition Nicotiana benthamiana
suppression of (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) and CCR may cause loosening of the lignin monomer
hydroxycinnamoyl CoA:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT, AT5G48930) initiates decisive step in lignin biosynthesis
drought promotes induction of (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) expression and activity
lignin content in russet fruit peel increased sharply excess water application Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai
PbCOMT1 expression level was higher in rainfall-treated fruit
tricin is noncanonical lignin monomer
tricin is phytochemical
OsCAD2 is related to internode phenotype rice
Group I (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) enzymes have been demonstrated to be involved in lignin biosynthesis Triticum aestivum
enzyme activity of TaCAD1 pointed to connection of TaCAD1 with stem lodging-resistance Triticum aestivum
CCR and COMT function in early stage of monolignol synthesis pathway Triticum aestivum
xylanase overexpression did not reduce lignin deposition in xylems
CAD-silenced Arabidopsis displays red coloration Arabidopsis thaliana
dramatically low yields of monomers from ccc mutant lignins suggests more than 95% of lignin units involved in resistant inter-unit bonds
cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) is rate-determining enzyme by which lignin is produced
less lignin level could lead to dead branches Populus
peroxidases (PODs) are key enzymes for the final step of lignin biosynthesis
genes for hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA transferase (E.C.2.3.1.133) downregulated in B+ Myc versus NoMyc Lotus japonicus
disruption of mediator rescues stunted growth of lignin-deficient Arabidopsis mutant Arabidopsis thaliana
conversion of feruloyl-CoA by cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) and long chain acyl-CoA (LAC) creates lignin monomer
Ta-CCR1 and Ta-CCR2 recombinant enzymes could use feruloyl-CoA as substrate Triticum aestivum
transcript abundance of CCR is reduced by 35% Picea abies
lower lignin content causes stems to be soft and brittle
cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) proteins convert CoA intermediates into their aldehydes
caffeoyl CoA-O-methyltransferase is involved in lignin biosynthesis Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai; Malus × domestica
cinnamoyl-CoA reductase is involved in lignin biosynthesis Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai; Malus × domestica
PbLAC expression level was higher in rainfall-treated fruit
lignin biosynthesis has main biosynthetic routes toward monolignols
(CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) pOpON line can be conditionally complemented by chemically inducible expression of wild-type C3'H transgene Arabidopsis thaliana
peroxidase is involved in lignin biosynthesis Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai; Malus × domestica
MeRAV5 and MeCAD15 co-silencing results in lower lignin content Manihot esculenta
MeRAV5 interacts with lignin Manihot esculenta
(ATC4H, C4H, CYP73A5, REF3, AT2G30490) mutant has significantly reduced lignin content Arabidopsis thaliana
EjMYB2 transient overexpression alone failed to suppress lignin biosynthesis Nicotiana tabacum
genes coding for cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (EC:1.1.1.195) upregulated only in B− Myc versus NoMyc Lotus japonicus
downregulation of coniferin biosynthesis would increase accumulation of lignin precursors and lignin Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATCAD5, CAD-5, CAD5, AT4G34230) may be involved in lignin biosynthesis in response to salt stress Arabidopsis thaliana
PbCOMT1 (accession number 103927980) expression levels are significantly higher in peel of russet ZS fruit compared to non-russet CY fruit Pyrus × bretschneideri
SAMS2 is involved in lignin methylation
cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase is involved in lignin biosynthesis Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai; Malus × domestica
SvSH1 suppresses (ATECS1, AtGSH1, CAD2, GSH1, GSHA, PAD2, RAX1, RML1, AT4G23100) inflorescence expression Setaria viridis
regulation of KNOTTED ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA7 (TaKNAT7-4D) and PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE (TaPAL1-6B) expression controls glume toughness
MeRAV5 is activator of (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) activity Manihot esculenta
SEED SHATTERING 11 (OgSH11) suppresses expression of GOLD HULL AND INTERNODE2 (GH2)
functional genomics and genetic mapping has enabled decipher numerous possibilities of various metabolic routes towards lignin monomer and oligomer formation, oxidative phenol coupling, and analysis of polymeric structure poplar; pine; eucalyptus; alfalfa
dicot species contain two or three (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) isoforms
TaCM gene expression and enzyme activity are higher in H4564 than in C6001 at heading and milky stages Triticum aestivum
monolignols is synthesized via shikimic acid pathway
suppression of CCR activity could lead to lignin monomer loosening and promote movement of phenolics such as ferulic and sinapic acids to the cell wall (CW) Pyrus × bretschneideri
lignin content was much higher in peel of russet pear and apple fruit compared to green non-russet fruit
Recombinant TaCAD1 protein showed high efficiencies toward p-coumaryl aldehyde Triticum aestivum
bm2 mutant shows reductions in guaiacyl (G)-residues Zea mays
BM1 function remains to be elucidated Zea mays
BM4 function remains to be elucidated Zea mays
induction of lignin biosynthesis pathway may be essential for accumulation of lignin along petal veins Brunfelsia
PbCAD1 contributes to biosynthesis of lignin monomers
tricin is noncanonical lignin monomer
Recombinant TaCAD1 protein used coniferyl aldehyde Triticum aestivum
high TaCAD1 gene expression would lead to enhanced lignin synthesis Triticum aestivum
composition of the surrounding matrix affects reaction kinetics
cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase are important for lignin biosynthesis Gossypium hirsutum
cellulase overexpression did not reduce lignin deposition in xylems
coniferyl alcohol undergoes polymerization to form monolignols
hydroxylation and methylation steps by cytochrome P450s and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent O-methyltransferases essentially determine contribution of guaiacyl and syringyl monomers to gymnosperm and angiosperm pattern
ccc mutant contains marker compounds for (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) deficiency
(CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) mutant exhibits LMID (lignin-related morphological inhibition of development) Arabidopsis thaliana
altered SUB expression accompanied by modified transcriptional programmes of lignin metabolism Arabidopsis thaliana
one lignin gene (LAC5, AT2G40370) was identified among 21 genes with inverse expression Arabidopsis thaliana
SvSH1 binds promoter of (ATECS1, AtGSH1, CAD2, GSH1, GSHA, PAD2, RAX1, RML1, AT4G23100) Setaria viridis
secondary cell walls are cross-linked by phenyl propanoid-derived lignin meshwork
TaCAD1 is comparable to (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) Triticum aestivum; Arabidopsis thaliana
TaCAD1 expression is critical at later stages of grain development Triticum aestivum
slight decrease in CCR expression does not alter pool of ferulic acid Zea mays
monolignols are polymerized to lignin
peroxidase converts phenolic compounds into lignin Arabidopsis thaliana
PbLAC transcript level was higher in russet ZS and semi-russet CG and in their rainfall-treated fruits compared to controls
change in lignin biosynthesis pathway is not caused directly by (UGT73C7, AT3G53160) overexpression Arabidopsis thaliana
plants can cope with large shifts in p-hydroxyphenyl/guaiacyl/syringyl (H/G/S) lignin compositional ratios
(ATMYB58, MYB58, AT1G16490) and (ATMYB63, MYB63, AT1G79180) redundantly regulate lignin biosynthetic genes including PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA LYASE 4 (PAL4, AT3G10340)
(ATMYB58, MYB58, AT1G16490) is regulated by VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND) 6 and (ANAC030, VND7, AT1G71930)
lignin subunit composition varies between tissues within the same species
compounds derived from lignin are reduced in bm2, bm4, and bm2-bm4 mutants compared with wild type
midribs of bm2 and bm4 mutants show overall similar and statistically significant reductions in compounds derived from guaiacyl and syringyl residues in lignin
Recombinant TaCAD1 protein showed high efficiencies toward sinapyl aldehyde Triticum aestivum
one (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) was showed to be responsible for lignin biosynthesis in sorghum Sorghum bicolor
BM2 function remains to be elucidated Zea mays
bm4 mutant causes 11% reduction in Klason lignin content in midribs
SH5 directly suppresses expression of CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 2 (ATECS1, AtGSH1, CAD2, GSH1, GSHA, PAD2, RAX1, RML1, AT4G23100)
cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) is enzyme in lignin biosynthesis Brunfelsia
p-coumaryl alcohol gives rise to p-hydroxyphenyl (H) residues
(ATMYB63, MYB63, AT1G79180) is identified as activator of lignin biosynthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
EjMYB1 regulates lignin biosynthesis genes via binding to AC elements
(ATPAL1, PAL1, AT2G37040) (ATPAL2, PAL2, AT3G53260) double mutant shows significant reduction in lignin accumulation Arabidopsis thaliana
engineering of a single gene in the pathway is studied at organismal level
bsr-k1 binds to mRNAs of OsPAL1-7
tricin has potential for enhancing lignin functionality
AtGA2ox overexpression decreased lignin content Nicotiana tabacum
(ATCAD1, CAD1, AT1G72680) gene partially restore (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) (ATCAD5, CAD-5, CAD5, AT4G34230) double mutation Arabidopsis thaliana
Bm2 and Bm4 have different functions that are not part of linear pathway or process
OsCAD7 does not belong to bona fide (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) family Oryza sativa
(ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) (ATCAD5, CAD-5, CAD5, AT4G34230) double mutation was necessary to reduce S lignin unit drastically Arabidopsis thaliana
functional (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) exists as dimmer
catalytic and nucleotide-binding domains of (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) are located inside cleft formed between two subunits of (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) protein
down-regulation of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) results in thinner and more irregular xylem walls tobacco
induction of lignin biosynthesis pathway may be essential for expansion of petals Brunfelsia
lignin subunit composition varies among different species
ectopic lignin in light-grown seedlings was not observed in wild-type (WT), the1-3, or prc1-1 Arabidopsis thaliana
tricin has potential for enhancing lignin functionality
flexible culm1 (fc1) mutant caused decrease in lignin content Oryza sativa
bm2-bm4 double mutant shows reductions in guaiacyl (G)-residues Zea mays
TaCAD1 is cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from wheat Triticum aestivum
caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoA-OMT) gene is putatively encoding one of three major enzymes in lignin biosynthesis pathway Brunfelsia
bm2 and bm4 mutations primarily affect leaves
gymnosperms contain one (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) enzyme
two amino acid substitutions in TaCAD1 may be responsible for observed differences in substrate specificity Triticum aestivum
coniferyl alcohol gives rise to guaiacyl (G) units of lignin polymer
bm1 mutation is unlikely to be in (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) gene Zea mays
bm2 mutant contains fewer guaiacyl residues Zea mays
brown colour in vascular tissue of bm mutants is suggested to be result of accumulation of aldehydes and/or ketones
down-regulation of lignin biosynthetic genes results in very thin secondary walls
PbCOMT2 (accession number 103951572) expression level is significantly higher in peel of semi-russet CG fruit compared to non-russet CY fruit Pyrus × bretschneideri
involvement of the lignin pathway upon mycorrhization already described in many plant models Solanum lycopersicum; Vitis vinifera; Medicago truncatula; Populus trichocarpa; Salix alba
(ATMYB63, MYB63, AT1G79180) is regulated by (ATMYB46, MYB46, AT5G12870) and (AtMYB83, MYB83, AT3G08500)
TaCAD1 is predominant (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) in wheat stem Triticum aestivum
COMT, CCoA-OMT, and (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) gene products increased in concentration during first 2 d after flower opening Brunfelsia
Zmccr1 mutant shows decrease in H lignin units Zea mays
wood is composed of lignin
multiple MYB regulation provides multiple levels of control for lignin biosynthesis
one (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) was showed to be responsible for lignin biosynthesis in rice Oryza sativa
(ATCAD5, CAD-5, CAD5, AT4G34230) used sinapyl aldehyde with 64% activity of p-coumaryl aldehyde Arabidopsis thaliana
TaCAD1 used coniferyl aldehyde as most preferred substrate Triticum aestivum
NWYCY motif is essential for CCR activity Panicum virgatum
feruloyl-CoA is incorporated into lignins
MYB domain factors have previously been shown to affect monolignol biosynthesis
flexible culm1 (fc1) mutant caused decrease in (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) activity Oryza sativa
CCR-deficient angiosperms revealed increased incorporation of free ferulic acid in lignins by bis-8-O-4 (cross) coupling Arabidopsis thaliana; Populus trichocarpa; Nicotiana tabacum
three (HCT, AT5G48930) two COMT, one CCR-encoding genes and one laccase-encoding gene down-regulated Zea mays
bm3 mutation occurs in gene encoding COMT Zea mays
(ATCCR2, CCR2, AT1G80820) and cinnamyl alcohol reductase leads to monolignol precursors of lignin Arabidopsis thaliana
our data pinpoint homologs for cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR)
movement of phenolics such as ferulic and sinapic acids to the cell wall (CW) causes russeting in pear Pyrus × bretschneideri
OsCAD2 is related to hull phenotype rice
p-coumaryl alcohol gives rise to p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units of lignin polymer
apoplastic peroxidases use hydroxycinnamyl alcohols
catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT) is enzyme in lignin biosynthesis Brunfelsia
mutations in Bm3 gene result in incorporation of 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol Zea mays
putative CCRs were expressed in lignifying ear internodes Zea mays
phenylpropanoid pathway results in monolignols
these results allow us to draw a comprehensive panorama of lignin synthesis modifications in plants under Pi starvation Zea mays
PtMYB8 overexpression causes significant increase in lignin content Picea glauca
MeRAV5 promotes activity of lignin-related cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 15 (MeCAD15) Manihot esculenta
MeCAD15 silencing results in lower lignin content Manihot esculenta
slightly lower root lignin content in TR185 compared with WT was in agreement with repression of genes involved in lignin synthesis in TR185 Medicago truncatula
PEROXIDASE (POD) genes (LOC_Os06g16350 and LOC_Os07g48060) are related to lignin biosynthesis Oryza sativa
GOLD HULL AND INTERNODE2 (GH2) is key enzyme in the lignin biosynthetic pathway
G, S, and H monomers in Arabidopsis stem tissues accounted for 69.8%, 28.3%, and 1.9% of total lignin respectively Arabidopsis thaliana
chemical control is proposed as mechanism for control of lignin subunit composition
down-regulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) results in thinner and more irregular xylem walls tobacco
copper-dependent laccases control lignin deposition Cardamine hirsuta
wild q allele have more lignified and thicker glumes
(ATCAD5, CAD-5, CAD5, AT4G34230) used p-coumaryl aldehyde as most preferred substrate Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological role of (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) in lodging-resistance has been confirmed in maize Zea mays
bm2-bm4 double mutant shows reductions in syringyl (S)-residues Zea mays
monolignols is synthesized via phenylpropanoid pathway
MADS-box transcription factor has role in lignification of Arabidopsis silique Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) and (HCT, AT5G48930) /C3H couple use coumaroyl-CoA as substrate
increased guaiacyl and syringyl monomers was reflected in increased lignin content Arabidopsis thaliana
TaCM is an authentic COMT involved in lignin biosynthesis Triticum aestivum
regulation of TaCM gene expression is involved in lignin synthesis Triticum aestivum
(ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) plays a role in formation of minor H lignin units Zea mays
Arabidopsis plants overexpressing (IAA26, PAP1, AT3G16500) showed increased amounts of guaiacyl and syringyl monomers Arabidopsis thaliana
lignin O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT, COMT) activities barely differed between wild-type and PAP1-overexpressing plants Arabidopsis thaliana
TaCAD1 mRNA abundance, protein level and enzyme activity in stem tissues were correlated to lignin contents of cultivars Triticum aestivum
TaCAD1 is pH-dependent enzyme Triticum aestivum
TaCCR1 (wheat cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1) did not exhibit temperature sensitivity Triticum aestivum
EgMYB1 is reported as repressor of lignin biosynthesis Eucalyptus
discovery of additional monolignol transporters could represent important entry point for future manipulations of lignin biosynthesis pathway Arabidopsis thaliana
Mu insertion in the first intron of the CCR gene leads to slight decrease in CCR expression Zea mays
CCR down-regulation systematically reduces frequency of H lignin units
(ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) exhibits higher affinity for feruloyl-CoA Oryza sativa
phenylalanine accumulation may arise under periods of low sink strength due to decreased activity of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
transgenic Norway spruce expressing the CCR gene in antisense orientation shows small decrease in lignin content Picea abies
CCR is cinnamoyl-CoA reductase
(ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) and TaCM genes together regulate whole lignin biosynthesis pathway Triticum aestivum
lignin biosynthesis is important goal of switchgrass genomics research Panicum virgatum
expression of most of these 60 genes increased during maturation of different organs Panicum virgatum
lignin biosynthesis and deposition in wood is regulated by R2R3-MYBs
(ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) activity was reduced in bm1 mutant plants Zea mays
(ATCRR2, CCR2, AT2G39180) is highly up-regulated by thaxtomin A treatment Arabidopsis thaliana
lignin biosynthesis has been studied in model plants and woody trees
(AtMYB85, MYB85, AT4G22680) is identified as activator of lignin biosynthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
EjMYB1 is expected to be transcriptional activator Eriobotrya japonica
EjMYB2 clustered with EgMYB1
EjMYB1 induces Ej4CL5
CCR-deficient poplar, tobacco, and Arabidopsis contain higher amounts of G-CHSEt-CH2 (SEt)2 marker compound Populus trichocarpa; Nicotiana tabacum; Arabidopsis thaliana
H is p-hydroxyphenyl
VvMYB5a overexpression in transgenic tobacco led to reduced lignification in anther walls Nicotiana tabacum
PtMYB1 has been hypothesized to regulate lignin biosynthesis in differentiating xylem Pinus taeda
up-regulation of (4CL.1, 4CL1, AT4CL1, AT1G51680) (4CL2, AT4CL2, AT3G21240) and (ATC4H, C4H, CYP73A5, REF3, AT2G30490) supports induction of lignin biosynthesis at the molecular level Arabidopsis thaliana
transgenic Norway spruce displaying moderate CCR down-regulation shows significant decrease in minor H units Picea abies
Silicon (Si) nutrition increased lignin content Oryza sativa
an increase in the transcript level of the gene encoding CCoAOMT and of the laccase in proteoid roots of white lupin under Pi starvation reported Lupinus albus
different MYB genes may act differentially on genes within the lignin biosynthetic pathway Picea glauca
defence-related genes involved in lignin biosynthesis are the most sensitive to copper stress Oryza sativa
wheat TaCM gene expression plays role in lignin biosynthesis and stem development Triticum aestivum
lignins are involved in red colouration in woody stems
OsCAD2 is responsible for lignin biosynthesis rice
one (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) is involved in lignin biosynthesis in monocot plants
TaCAD1 showed typical random reaction mechanism Triticum aestivum
TaCCR1 gene expression and enzyme activity are higher in H4564 than in C6001 at heading and milky stages Triticum aestivum
bm2 and bm4 mutations have limited effect on Klason lignin content in mature stems
baseline level of reactive oxygen species would allow incorporation of some H units
TaCM is caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase Triticum aestivum
ectopic lignification in thaxtomin A-treated seedlings is in agreement with altered expression of genes involved in the lignin biosynthetic pathway Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATCRR2, CCR2, AT2G39180) seems to have key role in thaxtomin A- and isoxaben-induced ectopic lignification Arabidopsis thaliana
Cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (FG471467) catalyses last step in monolignol synthesis
(ATMYB63, MYB63, AT1G79180) overexpression activates lignin biosynthesis genes Arabidopsis thaliana
E. grandiis EgMYB1 was shown to act as repressor of lignin biosynthesis Eucalyptus grandis
H2O2 is known to participate in lignin polymerization Nicotiana tabacum
Ta-CCR1 used feruloyl-CoA with greatest efficiency Triticum aestivum
TaCM gene expression is analyzed in relation to lodging-resistant phenotype in wheat Triticum aestivum
lignification occurs in fleshy fruit
(CYP98A3, REF8, AT2G40890) mutant has significantly reduced lignin content Arabidopsis thaliana
low-temperature conditioning (LTC) is effective in alleviating flesh lignification caused by chilling injury during long-term cold storage Eriobotrya japonica
(BEL1, AT5G41410) proteins may play role in lignin biosynthesis
(ATMYB58, MYB58, AT1G16490) overexpression activates lignin biosynthesis genes Arabidopsis thaliana
EjMYB genes particularly target Ej4CL genes
PgCCR-1 encodes cinnamoyl-CoA reductase Picea glauca