| MEMBRANE ASSOCIATED KINASE REGULATOR 4 (MAKR4, AT2G39370) |
mediates |
founder cell (FC) to lateral root primordium (LRP) transition |
|
| auxin |
defines |
rate of lateral root (LR) outgrowth |
|
| (PUCHI, AT5G18560) |
is |
crucial transcription factor |
|
| positional cues |
may be |
determinant(s) of competence/priming |
|
| determinant(s) of competence/priming |
may not be |
inherited from the specific cell lineage |
|
| auxin conjugating enzymes |
have roles in |
lateral root development |
|
| SCARECROW (SCR, SGR1, AT3G54220) |
regulates |
stem cell niche (SCN) positioning |
|
| lateral root primordium (LRP) emergence |
is mediated by |
LBD18-EXPANSIN genes ( (ATEXP14, ATEXPA14, ATHEXP ALPHA 1.5, EXP14, EXPA14, AT5G56320) and (ATEXP17, ATEXPA17, ATHEXP ALPHA 1.13, EXP17, EXPA17, AT4G01630) ) |
|
| WEREWOLF (ATMYB66, MYB66, WER, WER1, AT5G14750) |
regulates |
tissue identities |
|
| (PUCHI, AT5G18560) |
is required for |
restriction of cell division to specific cells during early stages of lateral root primordium formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATAZG2, AZG2, AT5G50300) |
plays a local role in the regulation of |
lateral root emergence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) expression |
was absent from |
lateral root primordia overlaying tissues |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral root primordium (LRP) emergence |
is mediated by |
(ASL16, LBD29, AT3G58190) (LAX3, AT1G77690) |
|
| GA produced in the endodermis |
promote |
lateral root organogenesis |
Pisum sativum |
| auxins |
are required to induce |
lateral root formation |
|
| PLETHORA (PLT) transcription factors |
regulate |
positioning and outgrowth of lateral root primordium (LRP) |
|
| GmIPT3 |
is constitutively expressed in |
lateral primordium |
Glycine max |
| LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN17 (ASL15, LBD17, AT2G42440) |
acts as regulator of |
lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| severe manganese (Mn) deficiency (0 µm Mn) |
decreases |
density of first-order lateral roots (1° LR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| exogenous application of auxin |
promotes |
production of numerous lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| the lengths of the growth rate profiles |
are similar for |
the different lateral root types of a given species |
pearl millet; maize |
| type B lateral roots |
show difference between species in that median growth rate stays nearly constant up to day 5 in pearl millet whereas it starts to decrease immediately after emergence in |
maize |
pearl millet; maize |
| the convergence of apical diameter toward median apical diameter around 230 μm |
corresponds to |
a high proportion of arrested roots |
maize |
| Col-0 plants treated with 100 nM NAA |
resulted in |
10-fold increase in lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SHORT-ROOT (EAL1, SGR7, SHR, AT4G37650) |
regulates |
tissue identities |
|
| LRP morphogenesis and emergence |
is part of |
lateral root development |
|
| formative periclinal cell divisions of outer layer of stage II lateral root primordia |
form |
quiescent center (QC) precursor cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| calcium (Ca) deficiency |
decreases |
lateral root formation zone in the primary root (LR FZ PR) length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorine (Cl) deficiency |
decreases |
lateral root formation zone in the primary root (LR FZ PR) length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| frequency of lateral roots (LRs) |
is dependent on |
(ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATAZG2, AZG2, AT5G50300) |
plays local role in regulation of |
lateral root emergence |
|
| (GATA23, AT5G26930) |
regulates |
founder cell (FC) establishment |
|
| lateral root (LR) initiation in Arabidopsis |
is regulated by |
interplay between (ATUBP14, DA3, PER1, TARANI, TNI, TTN6, UBP14, AT3G20630) (IAA3, SHY2, AT1G04240) (ARF7, BIP, IAA21, IAA23, IAA25, MSG1, NPH4, TIR5, AT5G20730) and (ARF11, ARF19, IAA22, AT1G19220) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35S::GFP-AtSYP132 ΔPTM transgenic line |
showed significantly reduced |
lateral root (LR) formation |
Oryza sativa |
| early tissue identity genes |
including |
SHORT-ROOT (EAL1, SGR7, SHR, AT4G37650) SCARECROW (SCR, SGR1, AT3G54220) and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5, WOX5B, AT3G11260) |
|
| SOMBRERO (SMB) |
regulates |
tissue identities |
|
| CRISPR-Kill lines cultured on 50 μM inducer |
halved |
number of lateral roots compared with approach without Dex-induction |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| induced CRISPR-Kill lines |
showed |
dramatic reduction in lateral root number |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| calcium (Ca) deficiency |
does not affect |
second-order lateral root (2° LR) density and average length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| miR4407pro-GUS signal |
is localized in |
lateral root primordium |
Glycine max |
| LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN18 (LBD18, AT2G45420) |
acts as regulator of |
lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| moderate phosphorus (P) deficiency (50 µm P) |
increases |
density of first-order lateral roots (1° LR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| total number of lateral roots (LRs) |
depends on |
environmental factors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| miR4407 |
is highly expressed during |
lateral root development |
Glycine max |
| results |
were in line with |
expectations |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GmHAD1-2 overexpression lines (OX1 and OX2) |
increased lateral root number and density in |
high P levels |
Glycine max |
| WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5, WOX5B, AT3G11260) |
regulates |
stem cell niche (SCN) positioning |
|
| magnesium (Mg) deficiency |
does not change significantly |
density of second-order lateral roots (2° LR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sulfur (S) deficiency |
does not affect |
density and average length of second-order lateral roots (2° LR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| polarity of PIN proteins in developing lateral roots |
is potentially regulated by |
cytokinin-mediated (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) degradation |
|
| fungal volatiles (e.g. sesquiterpenes by L. bicolor, geosmin by Tricholoma vaccinum) |
are required to induce |
lateral root formation |
Laccaria bicolor; Tricholoma vaccinum |
| GmHAD1-2 suppression lines (Ri1 and Ri2) |
decreased lateral root number and density in |
high P levels |
Glycine max |
| integration of systems biology and single-cell transcriptomics |
provides |
comprehensive picture of gene regulation mechanisms |
|
| boron (B) deficiency |
increases |
density of first-order lateral roots (1° LR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| downstream genetic networks |
including |
late tissue identity genes |
|
| pSCR-dependent CRISPR-Kill activity |
would have impact on |
lateral root formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6 (AHP6, HP6, AT1G80100) |
is involved in |
formation of lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis |
led to |
altered number of lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genetic interaction between (ARK2, AtARK2, RK2, AT1G65800) and (ATPUB9, PUB9, AT3G07360) |
plays |
functionally redundant role during phosphate starvation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| variability in the size of different lateral root primordia |
has been reported in |
maize |
Zea mays |
| AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7/19 ( (ARF7, BIP, IAA21, IAA23, IAA25, MSG1, NPH4, TIR5, AT5G20730) /19) |
are |
crucial transcription factors |
|
| SHORT-ROOT (EAL1, SGR7, SHR, AT4G37650) |
regulates |
stem cell niche (SCN) positioning |
|
| differentially expressed genes in pericycle cells |
are observed prior to |
lateral root initiation |
Zea mays |
| Loss-of-function (ACH1, ATNRT2.1, ATNRT2:1, LIN1, NRT2, NRT2.1, NRT2:1, NRT2;1AT, AT1G08090) mutants |
display |
more pronounced lateral root elongation |
|
| the higher censoring level for pearl millet compared with maize |
is a direct consequence of |
the shorter average growth rate profiles for pearl millet (in relation to the faster root growth in this species) |
pearl millet; maize |
| the absence of type A lateral roots |
is a difference from the control wild type for |
the shaded plants |
maize |
| 35S::GFP-OsSYP132 transgenic line |
had |
LR-deficient phenotype |
Oryza sativa |
| lateral root (LR) formation |
is |
complex and highly coordinated process |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AQC1, HPS7, TPST, AT1G08030) mutant |
has first lateral root positioned much closer to |
root tip |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC037, VND1, AT2G18060) (ANAC076, NAC076, VND2, AT4G36160) (ANAC105, NAC105, VND3, AT5G66300) seedlings |
fail to restore |
lateral root numbers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (OTU5, AT3G62940) overexpression line ( OE) |
show no difference from wild-type in |
lateral root number |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lack of lateral root formation in ark2-1/pub9-1 plants |
is because of |
inability to accumulate auxin in root tips under phosphate starvation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type C median growth rate |
reaches zero at day 3 in |
both species |
pearl millet; maize |
| (ARP6, ATARP6, ESD1, SUF3, AT3G33520) plants grown on low-Pi medium |
show no increase in |
lateral root number |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutation of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis |
led to |
altered number of lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) |
is highly expressed at |
site of lateral root emergence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AQC1, HPS7, TPST, AT1G08030) mutant |
has distance between lateral roots much shorter than |
wild-type distance between lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type and (AQC1, HPS7, TPST, AT1G08030) mutant |
develop fewer lateral roots on |
inorganic phosphate-sufficient medium than on inorganic phosphate-deficient medium |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type maize plants exposed to severe shading |
were analyzed for |
growth rate profiles of lateral roots |
maize |
| lateral root defect in ark2-1/pub9-1 double mutants |
is likely caused by |
lack of auxin accumulation at lateral root initiation sites |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GATA TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR23 expression |
can rescue |
iaa28-1 lateral root development phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| apical diameter |
converges toward |
median apical diameter around 230 μm |
maize |
| stele diameter and central XTE diameter |
were shown previously to be contrasting among |
individual roots in pearl millet |
pearl millet |
| (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) mutants |
showed |
increased lateral root initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| the higher proportion of type B lateral roots compensated by a lower proportion of type C lateral roots |
is a difference from the control wild type for |
the rtcs mutant |
maize |
| additional periclinal cell divisions in the endodermal cell layer |
occur during |
primordia establishment |
Oryza sativa |
| lower sensitivity of (ABI1, AtABI1, AT4G26080) to auxin treatment |
suggested that |
(ABI1, AtABI1, AT4G26080) is required for auxin-stimulated lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral root (LR) development |
enables |
plant adaptation to environmental changes |
|
| auxin |
is |
key hormone for lateral root (LR) formation |
Oryza sativa |
| a growth rate profile |
is modeled by |
a single growth phase either censored or followed by a growth arrest |
pearl millet; maize |
| stele diameter and central xylem tracheary element (XTE) diameter |
were measured |
in pearl millet lateral roots |
pearl millet |
| transcription factor (ATWRKY46, WRKY46, AT2G46400) |
acts upstream of ABI4 to promote lateral root initiation under osmotic/salt conditions via regulation of |
auxin homeostasis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decreased basally localized (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) and slightly increased apically localized (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) in sHSP22 OX |
may affect |
lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Lateral root development 2 |
plays essential role in repressing lateral root development under osmotic stress |
lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decrease in (IAA19, MSG2, AT3G15540) and (IAA20, AT2G46990) expression in (NPC3, AT3G03520) |
may be linked to |
defect in lateral root density in (NPC3, AT3G03520) |
|
| auxin |
is |
key instructive signal for lateral root development |
|
| lateral root defects in ark2-1/pub9-1 double mutants |
could be rescued through complementation with |
(ARK2, AtARK2, RK2, AT1G65800) or (ATPUB9, PUB9, AT3G07360) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type seedlings |
recover lateral root development by transfer to |
normal light condition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| the mixing at the later ages within type A class of lateral roots whose growth rate started to decrease with lateral roots whose growth rate continued to increase |
may be due to |
the regular increase in mean absolute deviation with root age for type A lateral roots in maize |
maize |
| (IAA28, IAR2, AT5G25890) |
functions as |
repressor of lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Lateral root formation in gin2-1 seedlings |
was essentially abolished at |
all nitrate levels |
|
| local auxin accumulation |
drives |
lateral root formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| daily median growth rates |
are divergent between |
the three types of lateral roots |
pearl millet; maize |
| type A median growth rate |
stays positive at all ages in |
both species |
pearl millet; maize |
| lateral roots |
were assigned to one of the three types defined previously based on |
their growth rate profiles |
pearl millet |
| initiation of lateral roots |
does not depend on |
ABCB19-mediated tipward auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EAL1, SGR7, SHR, AT4G37650) mutant |
is impaired in |
lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mpk17-1 pmd1-1 double mutant |
displayed |
wild-type sensitivity to auxin precursor IBA in lateral root induction |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| polar auxin transport |
is |
principal stimulator of lateral root primordium development and emergence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| efflux carrier (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) |
is generally down-regulated at |
site of lateral root primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| growth states |
are systematically followed by |
a growth arrest state |
pearl millet; maize |
| the estimated growth phase duration distributions |
are similar for each lateral root type between |
the rtcs mutant and the wild-type SMS-LM as well as between the shaded and the unshaded SMS-LMs for types B and C |
maize |
| boron (B) deficiency |
does not affect |
density of second-order lateral roots (2° LR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC037, VND1, AT2G18060) (ANAC076, NAC076, VND2, AT4G36160) and (ANAC105, NAC105, VND3, AT5G66300) |
regulate in response to |
lateral root formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| apical diameter profiles |
do not distinguish |
type B from type C lateral roots |
maize |
| auxin |
plays role in |
initiation of lateral roots |
|
| (ATXTH19, XTH19, AT4G30290) and (XTH23, XTR6, AT4G25810) |
play an important role in |
cell wall modification in lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMPK17, MPK17, AT2G01450) insertional allele |
displays increased sensitivity to |
IBA in lateral root induction assays |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| changes in growth rate within a growth phase |
are modeled by |
a linear trend |
pearl millet; maize |
| different lateral root types |
can be defined based on |
their anatomy |
pearl millet |
| SOMBRERO (SMB) |
regulates |
stem cell niche (SCN) positioning |
|
| downstream genetic networks |
including |
regulators of lateral root primordium (LRP) establishment |
|
| late tissue identity genes |
including |
SOMBRERO (SMB) and WEREWOLF (ATMYB66, MYB66, WER, WER1, AT5G14750) |
|
| one-third of evaluated plants |
showed |
no lateral roots formed |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| most seed plants |
derive lateral roots from |
pericycle, cortex and endodermis |
|
| Loss-of-function glv6glv10 mutants |
result in |
increased lateral root initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATXTH19, XTH19, AT4G30290) expression |
gradually ceasing after |
LRs begin to grow |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| constitutive overexpression of (ATXTH19, XTH19, AT4G30290) |
promoted |
LR development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATXTH19, XTH19, AT4G30290) mutant |
average density of stage I LRPs similar to |
wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (XET, XTH33, AT1G10550) activity |
was detected along |
primary root where lateral root primordia (LRPs) were forming |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| moderate iron (Fe) deficiency (5 µm Fe) |
decreases |
density of first-order lateral roots (1° LR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Zinc (Zn) deficiency |
increases |
density of first-order lateral roots (1° LR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rescue of lateral root phenotype by exogenous auxin in ark2-1/pub9-1 seedlings |
is indicative of |
ARK2-PUB9 module regulating auxin accumulation in root tips during phosphate starvation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| more symmetric divisions |
consequently impairs |
lateral root primordium organogenesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) and 10 |
are mainly transcribed in |
central smaller cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| constitutive overexpression of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 19 (ATXTH19, XTH19, AT4G30290) |
causes increased |
lateral root (LR) densities |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) regulation of cell division patterning |
occurs in response to |
auxin |
|
| (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) and 10 inhibition of asymmetric cell division |
negatively regulates |
number of initiated lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| brassinolides |
promote |
lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GELP22 |
is repressed during |
lateral root (LR) development |
|
| rci3-1 mutant plants |
have lateral root density equal to |
wild-type plants lateral root density |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| brassinosteroid signaling |
regulates |
lateral root formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EMB71, MAPKKK4, YDA, AT1G63700) and (ATMEK4, ATMKK4, MKK4, AT1G51660) and 5 |
may be part of |
pathway during lateral root initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATXTH19, XTH19, AT4G30290) mutant |
LR density similar to |
wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) and 10 signaling to larger flanking cells |
inhibits |
excess asymmetric cells division |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| constitutive overexpression of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 23 (XTH23, XTR6, AT4G25810) |
causes increased |
lateral root (LR) densities |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtplaIVA-1 mutant roots |
show normal lateral root formation in response to |
auxin treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| xth19xth23 double mutant |
produced to observe |
LR phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) |
regulate cell division patterning during lateral root development downstream of |
TMKs |
|
| (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) and 10 overexpression lines |
exhibit |
naked root phenotype without emerged laterals |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) mutants |
showed |
increased lateral root initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) mutants |
complemented |
naked root phenotype of (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) overexpression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsMED14_1 transcripts |
are present in |
lateral root primordia |
Oryza sativa |
| 90° gravitropic stimulus assays |
induced |
LR initiation in highly synchronous manner on outer surface of curved roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| xth19xth23-1 mutant |
development delayed relative to |
corresponding single mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inhibition of asymmetric cell division in specified lateral root founder cells by (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) and 10 |
negatively regulates |
number of initiated lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| first order lateral roots (LRs) with salt alone |
were induced to a similar extent as |
first order lateral roots (LRs) with salt and high nitrate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| first order lateral root primordia (LRPs) in stressed seedlings |
almost 60% reached |
emergence (E) stage |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtNPC4, NPC4, AT3G03530) knockout seedlings |
show no obvious differences in induction of lateral root formation compared to |
WT seedlings |
|
| (RGFR1, RGI1, AT3G24240) 4, and 5 |
are most likely the receptors of |
(CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) and 10 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| aberrant transcriptional regulation of (IAA19, MSG2, AT3G15540) and (IAA20, AT2G46990) in (NPC3, AT3G03520) |
is linked to |
defect in lateral root density in (NPC3, AT3G03520) with and without NAA |
|
| signaling of (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) and 10 to larger flanking cells |
inhibits |
excess asymmetric cells division |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inhibition of excess asymmetric cells division by (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) and 10 signaling |
strengthens |
lateral inhibition mechanisms |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) mutants |
complemented |
naked root phenotype of (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) overexpression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| IDA-HAE/ (HSL2, AT5G65710) pathway |
is involved in |
auxin-induced lateral root emergence |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (XTH23, XTR6, AT4G25810) |
mRNA expression obviously upregulated during |
development of LR |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| XTH genes |
expression analyzed at |
all stages of LR development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| molecular mechanism underlying lateral root (LR) development |
has been well described in |
Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (NPC3, AT3G03520) knockout seedlings |
show no obvious differences in induction of lateral root formation compared to |
WT seedlings |
|
| (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) and (CLEL7, GLV10, RGF5, AT5G51451) genes |
are transcribed in |
lateral root initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATXTH19, XTH19, AT4G30290) and (XTH23, XTR6, AT4G25810) |
involved in |
occurrence and development of LRs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ROS |
has been proposed to function as |
important signal during auxin-induced LR formation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (XTH23, XTR6, AT4G25810) |
has stronger genetic effect on |
occurrence and development of LR than (ATXTH19, XTH19, AT4G30290) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral roots in most seed plants |
arise from |
specific group of founder cells (FCs) in the pericycle |
|
| (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) and likely also (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) |
inhibit |
asymmetric cell division during lateral root initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Loss-of-function glv6glv10 mutants |
result in |
increased lateral root initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
when applied exogenously, can induce |
lateral root (LR) formation |
|
| xth23-1 and xth19xth23-1 mutants |
showed blockage in |
LR activation events at 32 h (PGI, PGI1, AT4G24620) compared with wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GmPTF1 overexpression line 2 |
showed |
38.2% increase in lateral root number at +P |
Glycine max |
| (LAX3, AT1G77690) expression |
is observed early on during |
LRP formation process |
|
| root cap cuticle |
was shown to facilitate |
lateral root emergence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis lateral root development |
can be divided into |
eight stages (stages I-VII and emergence) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| growth rate profiles |
are short and highly variable among |
lateral roots |
pearl millet; maize |
| GmPTF1 overexpression line 3 |
showed |
55.2% increase in lateral root length at +P |
Glycine max |
| similar phenotype in (AtNPC4, NPC4, AT3G03530) |
could be due to |
other regulatory effects |
|
| (EMB71, MAPKKK4, YDA, AT1G63700) and (ATMEK4, ATMKK4, MKK4, AT1G51660) and 5 |
may also be part of the pathway during |
lateral root initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral root initiation |
occurs in |
pericycle |
|
| (LACS2, LRD2, AT1G49430) mutant |
has increased |
lateral root system in repressive osmotic conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| at least one factor involved in the ethylene signal network |
is required for |
first order lateral root (LR) proliferation component of the salt SIMR (salt-induced morphological response) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral root (LR) branching density in OsMED14_1 RNAi plants |
is diminished in |
OsMED14_1 RNAi plants compared with wild-type |
Oryza sativa |
| exogenous IAA supply |
rescues |
LR phenotype in OsMED14_1 RNAi seedlings |
Oryza sativa |
| xth19xth23-1 mutant |
average density of stage I LRPs significantly lower than |
wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GmPTF1 overexpression line 1 |
showed |
27.0% increase in lateral root number at +P |
Glycine max |
| cyclic pattern of lateral root cap (LRC) cell death and cell removal |
contributes to |
positional signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| environmental signals |
impact |
lateral root specification |
|
| GELP73 |
is induced during |
lateral root (LR) development |
|
| Cucurbitaceae and Polygonaceae |
produce |
embryonic lateral roots |
|
| cell wall remodeling |
is important regulatory step for |
lateral root emergence |
|
| auxin-driven, polarized cell wall loosening |
enables |
positioning of the first anticlinal division plane |
|
| auxin |
restricts |
lateral root specification |
|
| up-regulated (ATSERK1, SERK1, AT1G71830) expression |
accompanies |
initiation of lateral root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GmPTF1 |
was detected in |
primordia growth passing through epidermal tissue |
Glycine max |
| lateral root primordium (LRP) |
grows via |
biphasic, 8-stage developmental process |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) |
are phosphorylated in response to |
addition of GLV6p |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Reduced LR density in (XTH23, XTR6, AT4G25810) mutants |
rescued by expressing |
(XTH23, XTR6, AT4G25810) under its native promoter |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GELP55 |
is induced during |
lateral root (LR) development |
|
| cell wall modifications |
are important for |
proper regulation of the first anticlinal cell divisions leading to stage I lateral root primordium |
|
| recruitment of founder cells (FCs) |
spreads laterally to |
phloem poles |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GmPTF1 overexpression line 3 |
showed |
42.1% increase in lateral root length at −P |
Glycine max |
| lateral roots |
are formed |
post-embryonically |
|
| lateral root (LR) formation |
is |
continuous, repetitive, post-embryonic process |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dynamic gradients of auxin |
are mediated by |
cellular efflux requiring asymmetrically localized PIN proteins |
|
| tomato mutant yg-2 |
produces |
few or no lateral roots |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| LeHO-1 protein expression |
is associated with |
enhanced formation of lateral roots |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| tomato lateral root development |
is governed by |
auxin and NO signaling transduction pathway |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4 (ACR4, CR4, AT3G59420) mutation |
leads to |
clusters of small pericycle cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GELP38 |
is repressed during |
lateral root (LR) development |
|
| lateral root initiation |
is linked to |
formation of a morphogenetic field of pericycle founder cells |
|
| continuity of phloem tissues |
is essential to support |
lateral root meristem growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| localized regulation of turgor mediated by aquaporins |
facilitates |
emergence of lateral root primordia |
|
| auxin source |
modulates |
lateral root patterning |
|
| seven predictor TFs |
identified for |
Module #105 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GmPTF1 overexpression line 1 |
showed |
8.7% increase in lateral root number at −P |
Glycine max |
| periodic release of auxin by dying root cap cells |
seems to trigger |
lateral root specification |
|
| GDSL-type Esterase/Lipase Protein family (GELPs) |
is identified as |
auxin-regulated genes |
|
| vascular parenchyma |
starts to divide very early during |
lateral root development |
|
| GmPTF1 |
was mainly detected in |
emerged lateral root primordia originating from pericycle cells |
Glycine max |
| lateral root (LR) formation |
is regulated by |
series of coordinated events |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATFH8, FH8, FORMIN 8, AT1G70140) |
is involved in |
lateral root initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) and 10 |
inhibit |
asymmetric cell division in specified lateral root founder cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
affects |
mechanical properties of walls in overlying endodermis, cortex, and epidermis layers |
|
| transfer of seedlings to 100 mM salt stress |
caused almost complete inhibition of |
lateral root (LR) development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin transport via (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
is essential for |
lateral root (LR) proliferation component of the salt SIMR (salt-induced morphological response) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral roots (LRs) in stressed seedlings |
twice as many had developed in |
stressed seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| abi4-1 and ein2-1 mutants |
displayed greater |
lateral root (LR) proliferation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endogenous auxin transport and/or metabolism |
involved in |
salinity or osmotic stress-induced up-regulation of BnHO1 and subsequent lateral root (LR) formation |
Brassica napus |
| GmPTF1 overexpression line 2 |
showed |
38.8% increase in lateral root length at +P |
Glycine max |
| lateral root spacing |
is implicated in |
recurrent programmed cell death in the root cap |
|
| GELP72 |
is induced during |
lateral root (LR) development |
|
| auxin |
affects |
turgor pressure of pericycle cells |
|
| abi1-1 mutant |
has significantly lower |
lateral root bud number |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| era1-3 mutant |
augments |
lateral root number |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings at 50 mM NaCl |
exhibited virtually twice the number of |
first order lateral roots (emerged LRs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osmotic stress |
caused a reduction in |
first order lateral root (LR) number |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
plays a role in |
lateral root (LR) emergence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| aux1-7 mutant |
completely blocked |
stimulation of lateral root (LR) proliferation under salt stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tir1-1 mutant |
displayed a large decrease in |
unstressed lateral root (LR) elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxins |
are essentially involved in |
development of lateral roots |
|
| auxin |
promotes |
formation of lateral roots |
|
| transfer from low nitrate (NO3−) to high nitrate (NO3−)-rich medium |
led to a dramatic enhancement of |
salt-induced increase in lateral root (LR) number |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral root primordia (LRPs) per root system in unstressed seedlings |
was twice the number of |
lateral root primordia (LRPs) per root system in stressed seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nitrate |
affects |
root branching |
|
| sucrose to nitrogen ratio |
is a key factor in the regulation of |
lateral root inhibition |
|
| overall increase in lateral root (LR) number in stressed roots |
is either due to the arrest of a proportion of lateral root primordia (LRPs) in unstressed plants at the pre-emergence stage or alternatively lateral root primordia (LRPs) in stressed roots develop at a faster rate |
lateral root primordia (LRP) development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| axr4-2 mutant |
can still induce |
lateral root (LR) proliferation under salt stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| aba2-1 mutant |
is consistent with |
inhibitory role of abscisic acid (ABA) in lateral root (LR) development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZnPPIX applied after 1 day or 2 days of various treatments |
could observe only slight effect on |
lateral root (LR) formation |
Brassica napus |
| GUS activity |
is detected at |
lateral root formation sites |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATFH8, FH8, FORMIN 8, AT1G70140) |
may play an important role in maintaining intact actin structures during |
cell cycle reactivation in the pericycle cells or establishment of a new meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Transgenic plants overexpressing (ATXTH19, XTH19, AT4G30290) |
upregulated |
LRP density in stages I and II |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 50 μM ZnPPIX plus 10 mM NaCl treatment |
produced significant reduction in |
length and number of lateral roots (LRs) |
Brassica napus |
| auxin transport inhibitor NPA |
blocks |
lateral root formation |
|
| (AtTIR1, TIR1, AT3G62980) mutant |
did not appreciably induce |
any lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral root primordia expressing no AIL/PLT clade member |
can be complemented by |
all AIL/PLT genes |
|
| multistep process of lateral root initiation and formation |
is controlled by |
molecular control mechanisms |
|
| stimulation of lateral root primordia (LRP) development by salt stress |
is associated with |
increased auxin accumulation in the lateral root primordia (LRPs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phosphate and sulphate deficiency |
induces increase in |
lateral root density in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| involvement of auxin-related genes ( (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) RAU1, RAU4, (ARF8, ATARF8, AT5G37020) ) in lateral root development |
is still not clear in |
rice, especially in response to salt stress |
Oryza sativa |
| stressed seedlings |
produced 8-fold more |
second order lateral roots (LRs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| abscisic acid (ABA) |
exerts an inhibitory effect on |
lateral root (LR) development at the post-emergence stage |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expanded expression domain of QC-specific markers |
occurs in |
developing lateral root primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increase in rate at which primordia progress through entire developmental process |
explains |
reduction in stage 1 and 2 primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutants previously characterized to have altered cell wall composition |
were screened for |
lateral root phenotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| subsequent cell divisions |
took place at |
regular time intervals |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| threshold level of (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) activity |
is necessary to trigger |
first anticlinal asymmetric division |
|
| AtCEP1 and AtCEP3 overexpression |
reduces |
emerged lateral root number |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) overexpression |
displays |
formation of lateral roots in closer proximity to the apical meristem |
|
| (ATSGT1B, EDM1, ETA3, RPR1, SGT1B, AT4G11260) tir1-1 mutant |
can still induce |
lateral root (LR) proliferation under salt stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ein2-1 mutant |
exhibited a similar phenotype to |
aba2-1 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VP1 |
mediates interaction between |
ABA and auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| salt stress |
led to a reduction in |
average lateral root (LR) length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral root primordia (LRPs) in unstressed plants |
greatest proportion (42%) was still at |
pre-emergence (PE) stage |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| etr1-3 mutant |
stimulated |
first order lateral root (LR) proliferation under salt stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pericycle cells |
are destined to form |
lateral root primordium |
|
| (ATVPS29, MAG1, VPS29, AT3G47810) mutant |
is epistatic to |
CA-rop2 induction of lateral root formation |
|
| (ATVPS29, MAG1, VPS29, AT3G47810) mutant lateral root formation defect |
suggests a possible connection between |
ROP signaling and endosomal trafficking-mediated PIN polarization |
|
| up-regulation of BnHO1 and lateral root (LR) formation |
suggests possible interrelationship between |
BnHO1 up-regulation and LR formation |
Brassica napus |
| lateral root initiation |
is dependent on |
auxin accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) function in lateral root (LR) development |
requires analysis of potential links between |
peptide and auxin signaling pathways |
|
| trans-zeatin |
regulates |
lateral root (LR) spacing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATIPT5, IPT5, AT5G19040) gene |
is switched on very early during |
formation of LRP in stage I |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overall level |
was over three-fold lower than |
10 -10 M NAA treatment alone |
Medicago truncatula |
| lateral root emergence |
can be triggered by |
hormonal signals |
|
| founder cells |
undergo successive cell divisions to generate |
lateral root primordium (LRP) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increasing NaCl levels up to 50 mM |
stimulates |
production of first order lateral roots (emerged LRs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZnPPIX |
had no apparent effects on |
CO-induced lateral root (LR) formation |
Brassica napus |
| lateral root emergence |
can be triggered by |
mechanical cues |
|
| ABA |
negatively regulates |
emergence of lateral root primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (LACS2, LRD2, AT1G49430) mutant hypersensitivity to ABA |
correlates with |
increased number of lateral root primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| axr1-3 mutant |
can still induce |
lateral root (LR) proliferation under salt stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| events involving BnHO1 |
may occur within |
first 1 day of 10 mM NaCl and 2% PEG treatment |
Brassica napus |
| GmPTF1 mediates |
plant growth and phosphorus efficiency by regulating |
lateral root growth |
Glycine max |
| manipulation of MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 65-1 (ATMAP65-1, MAP65-1, AT5G55230) levels in (AtAUR1, AUR1, AT4G32830) (AtAUR2, AUR2, AT2G25880) mutants |
resulted in more |
lateral roots (LRs) |
|
| lateral root primordium (LRP) initiation |
starts by specifying |
first pericycle founder cell (FC) typically in direct contact with primary root protoxylem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinins |
inhibit through blocking |
pericycle founder cells cycling at the G2 to M phase transition |
|
| VP1-expressing plants |
in presence of ABA, are unable to form |
lateral roots after auxin application |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATGGT-IB, GGB, PGGT-I, AT2G39550) mutant |
shows increased |
lateral root formation in response to exogenous auxin application |
|
| lateral root (LR) proliferation component of the nitrate (NO3−)-enhanced salt SIMR (salt-induced morphological response) |
is associated with |
increased auxin accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral root primordia |
is parallel to |
short roots induced by progressive drought |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 50 mM NaCl salt stress |
increased significantly |
first order lateral root (LR) number in top and middle segments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
imports auxin into |
developing lateral root primordia (LRPs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| similar proportion of lateral root primordia (LRPs) in unstressed and stressed seedlings being initiated |
correlates well with |
observation that a greater percentage of lateral root primordia (LRPs) in roots of stressed seedlings reach developmental stage E than in unstressed seedlings where a proportion of lateral root primordia (LRPs) appear to be arrested at the CP or PE stages |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| emergence of lateral roots |
temporarily interrupts |
continuity of apoplastic barriers |
|
| (ARF8, ATARF8, AT5G37020) (auxin response factor 8) |
plays a role in regulating |
development of lateral roots |
|
| nitric oxide (NO) accumulation and distribution |
surrounds |
area where lateral root primordia typically develop |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| alkamides |
shows similar concentration-dependent pattern to |
lateral root formation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| auxin polar transport |
is required for |
lateral root formation |
|
| (ATHKL1, HKL1, AT1G50460) |
blocks |
induction response to auxin to a level comparable with that observed in the absence of (ATHXK1, GIN2, HXK1, AT4G29130) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| abscisic acid (ABA) |
is important for |
initiation of short-root developmental program |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| stressed lateral roots (LRs) |
exhibited approximately half the length of |
unstressed lateral roots (LRs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduction in average lateral root (LR) length combined with decreased lateral root (LR) number |
led to a large fall in |
total lateral root (LR) length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CO-promoted lateral root formation |
is suppressed by |
auxin transport inhibitor NPA |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| transcription factor regulators |
function in |
lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| U-box/ARM REPEAT containing E3 ligase (ATPUB9, PUB9, AT3G07360) |
interacts with |
S-DOMAIN RECEPTOR KINASE 1-6 (SDK6 (ARK2, AtARK2, RK2, AT1G65800) ) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| EXPANSIN A1 (AT-EXP1, ATEXP1, ATEXPA1, ATHEXP ALPHA 1.2, EXP1, EXPA1, AT1G69530) |
is required for |
auxin-driven, polarized cell wall loosening |
|
| second order lateral roots (LRs) |
only appeared in |
unstressed roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inducible responses of BnHO1 triggered by lower doses of NaCl and PEG |
apparently preceded |
lateral root (LR) formation |
Brassica napus |
| salt gradient stability with plastic bag covering |
enables |
prolonged experiment duration for lateral root initiation and elongation |
|
| nitric oxide (NO) |
shows similar concentration-dependent pattern to |
lateral root formation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| lateral root |
develops from |
pericycle cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GmPTF1 overexpression line 1 |
showed |
15.0% increase in lateral root length at −P |
Glycine max |
| lateral root primordium initiation and meristem establishment during root generation |
were notably affected by |
gentle modulation of (112A-2A, EMB30, GN, GNOM, MIZ2, VAN7, AT1G13980) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mur8 mutant |
affected |
lateral root primordia emergence |
|
| mur9 mutant |
affected |
lateral root primordia emergence |
|
| seedlings germinated in liquid media supplemented with GLV6p SO3 |
had |
decreased emerged lateral root (ELR) density |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| daughter cells of earlier dividing founder cell |
keep dividing before |
descendants of later dividing founder cell |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| peptide secreted from endodermis |
may partially diffuse away |
pericycle cells |
|
| (ATIPT5, IPT5, AT5G19040) expression |
during further LRP development is expressed in |
most cells until emergence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TOPLESS-LIKE 5 (ATAIG1, BHLH32, TMO5, AT3G25710) LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 4 (LHW, AT2G27230) transcription factors |
act |
a bit later than AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7, BIP, IAA21, IAA23, IAA25, MSG1, NPH4, TIR5, AT5G20730) AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 19 (ARF11, ARF19, IAA22, AT1G19220) in lateral root initiation (LRI) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Lohar et al. (2004) |
showed |
specific reduction in cytokinin levels in early lateral root primordia |
|
| second order lateral roots (LRs) with high nitrate and salt |
exhibited striking enhancement compared to |
second order lateral roots (LRs) with salt stress alone |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| third order lateral roots (LRs) with high nitrate and salt |
exhibited striking enhancement compared to |
third order lateral roots (LRs) with salt stress alone |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nitrate (NO3−) enhancement of the salt stress-induced increase in lateral root (LR) number |
fully compensated for |
decreased average lateral root (LR) length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| third order lateral roots (LRs) |
were not observed in |
unstressed or osmotic-stressed roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| second order lateral roots (LRs) |
are regulated in a different manner to |
first order lateral roots (LRs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral roots in monocots |
are initiated from |
pericycle near the phloem |
|
| aba mutants and the etr1-3 mutant |
exhibited a similar number of |
second order lateral roots (LRs) to the wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bilirubin (BR) or Fe2+ |
showed no significant changes when applied |
lateral root formation |
Brassica napus |
| auxin redistribution |
is required for |
lateral root formation |
|
| low levels of nitric oxide (NO) |
mediate |
auxin-controlled lateral root development |
|
| auxin treatment |
about |
2-fold increase in lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| carbon monoxide |
induces emergence of |
lateral roots |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| intracellular NO generation |
occurs during |
lateral root primordia initiation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| tir1-1 mutant |
can still induce |
lateral root (LR) proliferation under salt stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| He et al. (2005) |
demonstrated |
increase in lateral root density with high levels of NaCl in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| atx1-1 mutant |
has affected |
cell patterning in both early and late stages of lateral root primordium (LRP) formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin transport and auxin synthesis |
may work together to produce |
threshold auxin level for LRP initiation and development |
|
| auxin |
appears to be a central player in |
regulation of lateral root formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutants with altered levels of cellulose, xyloglucan, fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, and/or mannose |
were included in |
screening set |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cell wall remodelling enzymes in cells overlying primordia |
lead to |
cell separation and lateral root primordia emergence |
|
| programmed cell death (PCD)-mediated loss of function in meristematic activity of roots |
stimulates |
emergence of lateral roots |
|
| Hordeum vulgare root systems |
produce lower frequency of lateral roots in |
low-Pi environments |
Hordeum vulgare |
| 1, 5, and 50 μM TIBA treatments |
show no significant effect of environmental Pi concentration on |
lateral root density |
Triticum aestivum |
| terminal differentiation of meristem and root cap |
provides |
continued elongation of remaining emerged lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Hordeum vulgare |
| lateral root initiation and elongation |
results from |
balance between basipetal flux of cytokinin-like inhibitor and acropetal transport of auxin |
Lactuca sativa |
| mature (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) peptide |
activates |
signaling pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| excessive anticlinal divisions in early stage lateral root primordia (LRPs) |
were observed in roots germinated in presence of |
(CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) SO3 or GLV6p Hyp SO3 peptides |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| p (GATA23, AT5G26930) ::NLS-GFP expression |
occurs in |
(GATA23, AT5G26930) expression patches |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GATA23, AT5G26930) RNAi lines |
observed overall decrease in |
number of emerged and nonemerged primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35S promoter-driven expression of PLETHORA 3 (AIL6, PLT3, AT5G10510) PLETHORA 5 (AIL5, CHO1, EMK, PLT5, AT5G57390) and PLETHORA 7 (AIL7, PLT7, AT5G65510) in (ARF7, BIP, IAA21, IAA23, IAA25, MSG1, NPH4, TIR5, AT5G20730) (ARF11, ARF19, IAA22, AT1G19220) |
exaggerates roles in |
early-stage primordium initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decrease in DR5 signal intensity |
correlates with |
diminution of the number of prebranch sites and lateral roots (LRs) |
Arabidopsis |
| makr4-1 mutant |
produced significantly fewer |
lateral root primordia (LRP) |
Arabidopsis |
| pericycle cells |
divide anticlinal |
along the shoot-root axis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis seedlings grown on agar plates treated with abscisic acid (ABA) for 2 days |
resulted in |
lack of lateral roots in the root segment formed in the presence of abscisic acid (ABA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shrimp-shell chitin |
elicits |
lateral root developmental response |
|
| SnRK2.10–YFP fusion protein |
is not detectable in |
lateral root primordia (LRP) during initial stages of development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SnRK2.10–YFP fusion protein |
specifically accumulates in |
developing vascular tissue of newly emerged lateral root |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| formation of lateral root primordia |
involves |
dynamic gradients of auxin |
|
| carbon monoxide (CO) treatment |
induces emergence of |
lateral roots |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| auxin |
activates |
pericycle cell division |
|
| (PLT2, AT1G51190) |
appears only at later stages within |
lateral root primordium (LRP) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AIL7, PLT7, AT5G65510) complementation line |
exhibits substantial |
clustering of lateral root primordia (LRP) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| drought rhizogenesis |
results in |
lateral root primordia formed at a normal density and remain blocked at the meristem activation phase |
|
| phenotypic similarity between the xerobranching and hydropatterning responses |
would suggest that |
xerobranching is an extreme manifestation of hydropatterning |
Zea mays; Hordeum vulgare |
| AM fungi-enhanced lateral root development in rice |
requires |
CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (AtCERK1, AtLYK1, CERK1, LYK1, LYSM RLK1, AT3G21630) |
Oryza sativa |
| methylene blue staining |
showed |
lateral root primordia initiated normally in the (ATORC3, ORC3, AT5G16690) mutant |
Oryza sativa |
| carbon monoxide |
regulates |
tomato lateral root development |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| control roots at 72 h |
detect |
26 kDa LeHO-1 protein band |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| LeHO-1 protein in CO-treated roots |
shows parallel change with |
lateral root emergence |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| pericycle cells |
become |
pluripotent |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis mutant (ATHO1, GUN2, HO1, HY1, HY6, TED4, AT2G26670) |
exhibits |
no lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| application of exogenous auxin |
improves |
number of lateral roots |
|
| auxin-regulated (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) (ATERF13, EREBP, ERF13, AT2G44840) gene (PUCHI, AT5G18560) |
mediates |
lateral root initiation |
|
| auxin local accumulation |
is required for |
lateral root formation |
|
| lateral root emergence |
primarily depends on |
changes in cell mechanical properties induced by auxin |
|
| IAA transported to root |
promotes |
lateral root formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin-resistant (AXR1, AT1G05180) mutation |
interrupts |
short-root developmental program |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| salt stress |
affects |
lateral root density in different ways |
|
| RAU1 (RELATED TO (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) ) |
is important for |
lateral root initiation and development |
Oryza sativa |
| HO-1 |
could be responsible for |
lateral root development |
|
| carbon monoxide |
participates in |
NO-regulated lateral root development |
|
| pericycle |
expresses |
MtSERK1 |
Medicago truncatula |
| lateral root initiation index in mpk6wb/lr mutant |
is significantly higher in |
mpk6wb/lr mutant compared to wild-type seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| asymmetric pericycle cell division |
could still be seen in |
DEX-treated InAGN9 roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 100nM NAA |
stimulated |
primordia to grow into lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral root primordium (LRP) activation |
is regulated by |
auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin and ethylene |
act as antagonists to |
auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| T-DNA insertion in (XEG113, AT2G35610) |
is causal for |
mutant phenotype in lrd5-1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| time between first and second anticlinal divisions |
was on average |
4.7 hours (284 minutes) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) expression |
starts in |
lateral root founder cells (LRFCs) |
|
| (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) transcription pattern |
coincides spatially and temporally with |
auxin maximum |
|
| Casparian strip |
may filter out |
(CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) peptide |
|
| expression of several cytokinin synthesis genes, both IPT and LOG genes, as well as of cytokinin-degrading CKX genes |
has been reported to occur during |
LR formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (LOG4, AT3G53450) expression |
during further LRP development is expressed in |
most cells until emergence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| carbon monoxide (CO) |
induces similar morphological response in |
Arabidopsis thaliana lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Triticum aestivum seedlings grown in low-Pi media supplemented with 1 μM 2,4-D |
demonstrate significant recovery in |
root branching frequency |
Triticum aestivum |
| short peptide treatments |
occurs immediately after |
lateral root (LR) induction |
|
| D1:HyP4,11 peptide |
has |
particularly strong effects for inhibiting lateral root emergence |
Medicago truncatula |
| D1:HyP4,11 irreversible inhibition of lateral root emergence |
possibly by |
perturbing the programming of lateral root formation |
Medicago truncatula |
| D2:HyP11 |
significantly increased |
number of non-emerged lateral root primordia at stages III–IV |
Medicago truncatula |
| auxin maxima correlating with lateral root formation as reflected by strong GH3:GUS staining at CCP sites |
was not sufficient to encourage |
lateral root formation in the presence of D1:HyP4,11 |
Medicago truncatula |
| atx1-1 mutant |
has affected |
cell patterning during lateral root primordium (LRP) morphogenesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| weak (112A-2A, EMB30, GN, GNOM, MIZ2, VAN7, AT1G13980) allele fwr mutant |
shows |
LRP initiation sensitivity to (112A-2A, EMB30, GN, GNOM, MIZ2, VAN7, AT1G13980) activity |
|
| (ATCESA8, CESA8, IRX1, LEW2, AT4G18780) mutant |
was screened |
for lateral root phenotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| low levels of LRD5/ (XEG113, AT2G35610) expression in other cell types at root tip |
is hypothesized to be responsible for |
increased lateral root primordia emergence in lrd5 mutants |
|
| spatial distribution of lateral root production |
is tightly controlled process in which |
auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
plays key role in |
spatial distribution of lateral root production |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| YFP fluorescence |
is hardly detectable in |
the cytokinin-deficient 35S:CKX1 and (ATIPT3, IPT3, ROCK4, AT3G63110) 5 7 background |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| carbon monoxide (CO) |
induces similar morphological response in |
Brassica napus lateral root development |
Brassica napus |
| lrd5-2 seedlings |
showed |
no increase in number of primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| two Family 77 glycosidases with varying functions in cell wall modification |
affect |
lateral root formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| many unrelated mutants in cell wall synthesis |
demonstrate |
similar lateral root phenotypes |
|
| lateral root initiation process |
starts with |
first division of lateral root founder cells (LRFCs) |
|
| overexpression of several GLV genes |
results in |
strong decrease in emerged lateral root (ELR) density |
|
| truncated (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) ORF lacking signal peptide (SP) |
produced |
same number of emerged lateral roots as control |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) |
may be involved in |
cell polarity |
|
| (CLEL2, GLV6, RGF8, AT2G03830) peptide gradient |
controls |
polarity cue |
|
| synthetic auxin, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) |
can rescue |
CEP peptide-mediated inhibition of lateral root formation and emergence |
Medicago |
| root region that had been exposed to the peptide |
delineated from |
region that grew subsequent to peptide removal |
Medicago truncatula |
| carbon monoxide (CO) |
plays a critical role in controlling |
architectural change in tomato roots |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| auxin influx carrier (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
mediates |
lateral root initiation |
|
| nutrients such as NO3− or Pi |
can be |
one of the major environmental signals that affect lateral root development |
|
| carbon monoxide |
demonstrates functional interaction with |
auxin |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| cytoskeletal dynamics |
influences |
lateral root initiation and emergence |
|
| salt stress |
led to an increase in |
lateral root (LR) number |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATSGT1B, EDM1, ETA3, RPR1, SGT1B, AT4G11260) tir1-1 mutant |
enhanced |
phenotype of tir1-1 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lateral root development |
is regulated by |
hormones and environmental factors |
|
| haemin-blocked inhibition of lateral root (LR) formation |
declined to similar extent to |
rapeseed seedlings incubated in 50 μM ZnPPIX alone |
Brassica napus |
| auxin flow to endodermal cells |
promotes |
further modifications in wall properties of endodermal cells |
|
| slight decrease in osmotic potential in artificial medium |
induces formation of |
lateral root primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1 μM haemin |
significantly blocked |
inhibition of lateral root (LR) development induced by 100 mM NaCl or 20% PEG |
Brassica napus |
| polar movement of nuclei and asymmetric cell divisions in slr-1 mutant |
never resulted in |
formative divisions that normally precede formation of functional lateral root primordium |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AIL6, PLT3, AT5G10510) (AIL5, CHO1, EMK, PLT5, AT5G57390) (AIL7, PLT7, AT5G65510) triple mutant |
exhibits multiple changes in |
lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin analog NAA |
promoted |
prebranch site production in the root segment lacking the root meristem and oscillation zone (OZ) |
Arabidopsis |
| observation of the repression of lateral root formation early after the onset of transient water deficit or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment |
appears to be distinct from |
well-described effects of abscisic acid (ABA) under prolonged water deficit |
Zea mays; Hordeum vulgare |
| abscisic acid (ABA) levels accumulate as the root tip experiences a transient water deficit |
represses |
lateral root priming |
Zea mays; Hordeum vulgare |
| (WOX5, WOX5B, AT3G11260) gene |
functions in |
lateral root primordia tissues |
|
| SnRK2.4–YFP fusion protein |
is expressed at low levels in |
developing vascular tissue of emerged lateral root |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nitric oxide (NO) |
is strongly implicated in |
lateral root development under phosphorus-deficiency condition |
|
| CO interaction with auxin-responsive signal transduction cascades |
leads to |
modification of lateral root development |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| CO-treated roots |
detect |
LeHO-1 protein at 72 h |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| auxin |
shows similar concentration-dependent pattern to |
lateral root formation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| lateral root formation |
can then be initiated after |
seedling transfer to plates with NAA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARABIDILLO-1, ARABIDILLO1, FBX5, AT2G44900) and (ARABIDILLO-2, ARABIDILLO2, AT3G60350) |
promote |
lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| blocking polar auxin transport at the interface of the root |
inhibits |
lateral root initiation |
|
| low dose carbon monoxide (1–10 μM) |
enhances |
lateral root formation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5, WOX5B, AT3G11260) |
regulates |
tissue identities |
|
| ITS2 cleavage lines |
showed |
significant reduction in lateral root number to 65% (100 μM Dex) compared to approach without Dex-induction (0 μM Dex) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| magnesium (Mg) deficiency |
decreases |
density of first-order lateral roots (1° LR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| copper (Cu) deficiency |
increases |
density of first-order lateral roots (1° LR) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) expression |
was localized to |
vascular cells at the base of the elongating lateral root |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PLETHORA (PLT) genes |
regulates |
tissue identities |
|
| Interacting effects of auxin and cytokinin |
disrupt |
lateral root (LR) initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HSR8, MUR4, UXE1, AT1G30620) mutant |
affected |
lateral root primordia emergence |
|
| Pi-dependent modulation of auxin transport and corresponding AUX/IAA expression alteration |
provides potential mechanism for |
decreased root branching in Triticum aestivum grown in low-Pi environments |
Triticum aestivum |
| dome-shaped primordium |
is prerequisite for |
successful emergence of lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| J0121>GLV6 transactivation |
yielded |
severe phenotype similar to 35Spro:GLV6 roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATIPT5, IPT5, AT5G19040) expression |
in the emerged LR becomes confined to |
the root tip |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| D1:HyP4,11 |
induced the highest number of |
CCP sites |
Medicago truncatula |
| plants grown for 14 days in total |
with |
root tips at the time of transfer marked |
Medicago truncatula |
| NAA |
promotes |
lateral root emergence or both initiation and emergence |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; Nicotiana tabacum |
| (GATA23, AT5G26930) expression |
regulates |
root branching patterns |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| p (GATA23, AT5G26930) ::NLS-GFP expression |
occurs just before |
first asymmetric division |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AIL5, CHO1, EMK, PLT5, AT5G57390) complementation line |
exhibits substantial |
clustering of lateral root primordia (LRP) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| makr4-1 mutant |
had unaltered |
prebranch sites numbers |
Arabidopsis |
| short induction of BREVIPEDICELLUS/ (BP, BP1, KNAT1, AT4G08150) in the vascular cambium at the onset of periderm development |
is sufficient to promote |
lateral root (LR) program |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
increase |
lateral root primordia initiation |
Oryza sativa |
| lateral root clock |
controls pace of |
lateral root initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATORC3, ORC3, AT5G16690) mutant |
emerges with similar number of lateral roots as |
wild-type (WT) at 26°C or lower |
Oryza sativa |
| tomato haem oxygenase-1 (LeHO-1) proteins and transcripts |
increased parallel to |
lateral root (LR) development |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| lateral roots (LRs) |
are derived from |
lateral root primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LeHO-1 expression pattern in tomato roots |
is well matched with |
lateral root emergence under normal conditions |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (ATAZG2, AZG2, AT5G50300) expression |
is exclusively in |
lateral root primordia overlaying tissues |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutant lrt1 |
displays |
cell wall-related defects |
Zea mays |
| LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN16 (ASL18, LBD16, AT2G42430) |
acts as regulator of |
lateral root development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| de novo formation of lateral root quiescent center (QC) |
requires |
SCARECROW (SCR, SGR1, AT3G54220) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CYC1, CYCB1, CYCB1;1, AT4G37490) ::GUS activity |
showed |
lateral root primordia initiated normally in the (ATORC3, ORC3, AT5G16690) mutant |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATORC3, ORC3, AT5G16690) RNAi lines |
show very early-stage |
lateral root primordia (LRPs) in root cross-sections |
Oryza sativa |
| exogenous auxin application at 12 h |
increases |
lateral root primordia number |
Bupleurum chinense |
| aberration in emergence process |
strongly contributes to |
lateral root formation phenotype in lrd5 mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |