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immune response

12581 relationships annotated with this phrase. Showing first 500 of 12581.
Source entity Relationship Target entity Species
vitellin produced by cattle tick Boophilus microplus acts as elicitor of immune responses in sheep Boophilus microplus; Ovis aries
ARABIDOPSIS TOXICOS EN LEVADURA 31/6 resists overactivation of immune signaling Arabidopsis thaliana
perturbed lipid homeostasis in pi4kβ1,2 mutant is possibly causing autoimmunity in pi4kβ1,2 Arabidopsis thaliana
phosphorylation of (CPK28, AT5G66210) sites is required for (CPK28, AT5G66210) ubiquitination Arabidopsis thaliana
reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules to trigger additional immune responses
(AtTLP6, TLP6, AT1G47270) OE lines showed enhanced resistance in pathogen infection Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATPEP1, PEP1, PROPEP1, AT5G64900) expression is not affected by pathogen exposure Arabidopsis thaliana
AVRPM1A.1 isoforms EFRSD and ELGSD triggered HR when co-expressed individually with PM1A in N. benthamiana Nicotiana benthamiana
(ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) and (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) elaborate MTI response (MAMP-triggered immunity)
(CPK28, AT5G66210) phosphorylation of two E3 ligases induces (BIK1, AT2G39660) polyubiquitination Arabidopsis thaliana
Bg_9562 protein activates immune response Solanum lycopersicum
microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) include bacterial flagellin
(AtTLP6, TLP6, AT1G47270) overexpression lines phenocopy pi4kβ1,2 mutant phenotypes Arabidopsis thaliana
pi4kβ1,2 mutant phenocopies (AtTLP6, TLP6, AT1G47270) OE lines with regard to immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
RBOHD-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to have antimicrobial activities Arabidopsis thaliana
BgTH12_06133_THUN-12 did not cause HR Nicotiana benthamiana
immunity to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 would have to be very sensitive to reduced pectin methylesterase (PME) activity Arabidopsis thaliana
LPS-triggered callose is significantly higher than flg22-triggered callose
context-dependent insect viruses enhances host resistance to pathogens
(AtTLP2, TLP2, AT2G18280) and (AtTLP6, TLP6, AT1G47270) are induced during infection Arabidopsis thaliana
loss of kinase activity independent of PI4K activity could lead to autoimmunity in pi4kβ1,2 Arabidopsis thaliana
Bg_9562 fragment 1 (18–51 aa) imparts disease tolerance Solanum lycopersicum
root immunity is not compromised in (ATTLP1, TLP1, AT4G24180) ,2,5,6,10 mutant, TLP6-DN OE lines, and PI4Kβ2 OE lines Arabidopsis thaliana
(CPK28, AT5G66210) phosphorylation of two E3 ligases induces immune response Arabidopsis thaliana
phosphorylation status of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 28 (CPK28, AT5G66210) fine-tunes immune signaling regulation Arabidopsis thaliana
flg22-induced ROS production was prompted in NbAPX3-silenced leaves Nicotiana benthamiana
Pep3 expression is increased by pathogen exposure Arabidopsis thaliana
Pep3 expression is increased by Pseudomonas syringae infection Arabidopsis thaliana
phosphorylation of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 28 (CPK28, AT5G66210) on Ser 318 activates (CPK28, AT5G66210) phosphorylation of two E3 ligases Arabidopsis thaliana
symbiotic viruses enhance insect host resistance to baculoviruses insect hosts
SERK3AB-silenced WT tomato are compromised in inducing immune response upon Bg_9562 protein or peptide 1 treatment Solanum lycopersicum
microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) include lipopolysaccharides
(ATCNGC2, CNGC2, DND1, AT5G15410) null mutant exhibits autoimmune phenotypes Arabidopsis thaliana
peptide 1 (Bg_9562 18–51 aa) imparts disease tolerance against R. solanacearum infection Solanum lycopersicum
Global metabolite profiling reinforced RPP1-like Ler R8-independent responses at a metabolic level Arabidopsis thaliana
LPS-triggered second long-lasting ROS burst was largely associated with chloroplasts Arabidopsis thaliana
51526_3 and isoforms lacking alignments to BgTH12-06136 were proven or hypothesized to evade recognition Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici
T3SS-mediated delivery of Bg_9562 is required for imparting immunity in tomato Solanum lycopersicum
SlMPK2 is activated upon stress responses caused by oligosaccharide elicitors Solanum lycopersicum
phosphorylation of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 28 (CPK28, AT5G66210) on Thr 76 activates (CPK28, AT5G66210) phosphorylation of two E3 ligases Arabidopsis thaliana
SlMKK2 is key protein regulating immunity-associated programmed cell death Solanum lycopersicum
SlMPK3 is activated upon stress responses caused by oligosaccharide elicitors Solanum lycopersicum
LORE-mediated early ROS burst could not be detected in Nicotiana benthamiana, tomato, barley, or rice Nicotiana benthamiana; Solanum lycopersicum; Hordeum vulgare; Oryza sativa
MAMP-induced ROS burst is often very fast and produced in apoplast Arabidopsis thaliana
OsTCP21-Res plants accumulated H2O2 to significantly higher level than mock-treated plants Oryza sativa
(ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) is required for full elicitor-induced up-regulation of defense genes Arabidopsis thaliana
single and double anp mutants are defective in defense responses to oligogalacturonides (OGs) Arabidopsis thaliana
first ROS burst reflects MAMP-triggered ROS production
disruption of JA signaling led to reduced defense responses Oryza sativa
jasmonate (JA) / abscisic acid (ABA) branch contributes to induction of PME activity by Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 Arabidopsis thaliana
OsrbohE and (ATARCA, AtRACK1, RACK1A, RACK1A_AT, RACK1z, SAC53, AT1G18080) genes were up-regulated in Ami-Ghd7 plants Oryza sativa
(ATMYC2, JAI1, JIN1, MYC2, RD22BP1, ZBF1, AT1G32640) single mutants had reduced pectin methylesterase (PME) activity Arabidopsis thaliana
(PME12, AT2G26440) mutants displayed increased Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326-induced pectin methylesterase (PME) activity Arabidopsis thaliana
Rpa1 (Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae 1) is nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein with N-terminal coiled-coil domain Nicotiana tabacum
AvrRpm1 Psa co-immunoprecipitates with RPA1 Nicotiana tabacum; Nicotiana benthamiana
RPA1 inhibits Psa growth Nicotiana tabacum
protein-protein interactions between translocated pathogen effectors and host proteins may be important for effector recognition and R protein activation
RPA1 also responds to avrRpm1 Psy from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a (Psy) Nicotiana tabacum
mutation of one or two residues can enhance resistance
SA (salicylic acid) accumulates in Ler/ (ATKAS2, FAB1, KAS2, AT1G74960) NIL Arabidopsis thaliana
LPS could trigger intracellular ROS burst that is probably generated in the chloroplasts
redundant LPS recognition mechanism, in addition to (LORE, SD1-29, AT1G61380) functions to trigger second ROS burst Arabidopsis thaliana
reverse phenotype was also observed
conditional triple anp mutants are defective in defense responses to oligogalacturonides (OGs) Arabidopsis thaliana
some MAMPs can trigger chloroplast ROS burst
various chemicals were tested to slow down immune responses Nicotiana tabacum
Chaouch et al. did not detect any difference in SA accumulation in the (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) mutant compared with wild-type Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thaliana
SA (salicylic acid) causes up-regulation of some RPP1-like genes Arabidopsis thaliana
LPS-triggered second ROS burst was observed in all these plant species Nicotiana benthamiana; Solanum lycopersicum; Hordeum vulgare; Oryza sativa; Glycine max
core oligosaccharides induced early but relatively weak up-regulation of gene expression at ∼12 h after treatment Arabidopsis thaliana
Rx1-induced virus resistance and cell death response might indeed be distinct responses
LPS-triggered first transient ROS burst is similar to that induced by other MAMPs Arabidopsis thaliana
lipid A is largely responsible for intracellular ROS burst
These changes in the sulki1 mutants might be linked to RPP1-like Ler R8-independent transcriptional defense activation Arabidopsis thaliana
LPS pretreatment showed stronger restriction than flg22 pretreatment
core oligosaccharide and lipid A from Xanthomonas campestris can induce (AtCAPE9, ATPR1, PR 1, PR1, AT2G14610) and (AtBG2, AtPR2, BG2, BGL2, GNS2, PR-2, PR2, AT3G57260) expression Arabidopsis thaliana
wild-type cv Kongyu 131 infected with Guy11 accumulated high levels of H2O2 H2O2 accumulation Oryza sativa; Magnaporthe oryzae
genes associated with lesion greenness are enriched in activation of the immune system Arabidopsis thaliana
necrotic spots accompanying response occur only when resistance is less efficient
core oligosaccharides may play a role in intracellular ROS burst
miR319b-OE plants showed no measurable H2O2 accumulation in mock- or Guy11-infected rice Oryza sativa; Magnaporthe oryzae
ethylene response factor 1 (AtERF#092, ERF1, ERF1B, AT3G23240) overexpression line -1 showed higher induced levels of PME activity in response to either pathogen Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATMYC2, JAI1, JIN1, MYC2, RD22BP1, ZBF1, AT1G32640) (MYC3, AT5G46760) (MYC4, AT4G17880) triple mutants had reduced PME activity after Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 infection Arabidopsis thaliana
single and double anp mutants are defective in defense responses to elf18 Arabidopsis thaliana
LPS induced second persistent elevation of ROS in the ensuing 4 to 24 h
(LORE, SD1-29, AT1G61380) is required for LPS-triggered first transient ROS burst Arabidopsis thaliana
plant needs to block pathogen multiplication and spread
D502V mutation in the IHD motif causes constitutive immune response Nicotiana benthamiana
proteins containing LRR domain are involved in pathogen defense
coding sequences of the five alleles of AvrPm1a.1 and of the three most abundant alleles of Bgt-51526 were evaluated for ability to trigger hypersensitive response (HR) when co-infiltrated with Pm1a into N. benthamiana Nicotiana benthamiana
mutations in (ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) can suppress enhanced resistance phenotypes of pi4kβ1,2 Arabidopsis thaliana
SA regulates RBOHD-dependent ROS production Arabidopsis thaliana
Rx1-NLS phenotype resembles autoimmune phenotype Nicotiana benthamiana
(ATEXO70H4, EXO70H4, AT3G09520) protein appears in nontrichome cells upon bacterial elicitor treatment Arabidopsis thaliana
flagellin-triggered rapid ROS burst is mediated by plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases Arabidopsis thaliana
miRNAs are associated with rice stripe virus (RSV) immune response Oryza sativa
Rpa1-like alleles from Nicotiana tabacum and N. benthamiana do not instigate host responses Nicotiana benthamiana
wild-type Rpa1 expression significantly restricted growth of PtoΔQ + A Nicotiana benthamiana; Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
cell death zone and surrounding tissue shows spatiotemporal regulation of immune response Solanum tuberosum
miRNAs are associated with Magnaporthe oryzae immune response Oryza sativa
(AtC3H66, TZF9, AT5G58620) mutant was infiltrated with 1 µm flg22 Arabidopsis thaliana
same condition (5 mM EGTA) was applied to AvrRpm1 Psa screen Nicotiana tabacum
substitution of two amino acids in (ARC2, CH-CPN60A, CPN60A, Cpn60alpha1, CPNA1, SLP, AT2G28000) domain of PM3F was sufficient to expand recognition spectrum of PM3F Triticum aestivum
some residue exchanges enhancing immune response Triticum aestivum
dephosphorylation and inactivation of PM H+ -ATPase is consistent with alkalinization response of plant cell cultures to various PAMPs Arabidopsis thaliana
plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea was impaired by repressing auxin signalling
PB functions are linked to plant immunity
concentration of SA in transgenic plants with silenced (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) did not differ significantly from SA concentration in NT plants at the site of viral foci Solanum tuberosum
rice (Oryza sativa) / Magnaporthe system of Pikp / AVR-Pik demonstrates direct NLR–AVR interaction Oryza sativa
mislocalized receptors exert reduced sensitivity allowing higher level of CP permitted before HR induction Nicotiana benthamiana
pathogen infection triggers biosynthesis of SA, ET and JA
(AtTN10, TIR, TN10, AT1G72930) (Toll/interlukin-1 receptor) domains are featured in proteins associated with immune functions
miRNAs are associated with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) immune response Oryza sativa
miRNAs are associated with rice immune responses against Xoo Oryza sativa
suppression of auxin response pathway enhanced susceptibility to Phytophthora cinnamomi
RPA1 reaction pathway does not depend on NbRIN4 Nicotiana benthamiana
AvrRpm1 Psa is pulled down by AcRIN4_3 (PSS14094.1) Actinidia chinensis
plants have evolved immune receptors
powdery mildew resistance (Pm) genes can encode resistance against (BGT, GCN5, HAC3, HAG01, HAG1, HAT1, AT3G54610) Triticum aestivum
heterogeneity in plant responses to infection exists due to host immune sensitivity
OsACS1 and OsACS2 inducible overexpression significantly enhanced host resistance to rice blast Oryza sativa
auxin plays different or even opposing regulatory roles in plant immunity
decrease in cell-to-cell connectivity via plasmodesmata occurs in the presence of chitin Arabidopsis thaliana
PtoΔQ + A triggered immune reaction Nicotiana benthamiana
jasmonic acid (JA) exogenous application could enhance rice blast resistance Oryza sativa
RPA1 co-expressed with (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) T166D does not show comparable response to (RPM1, RPS3, AT3G07040) and (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) T166D co-expression Nicotiana benthamiana
UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT76D1, AT2G26480) was identified as component of the feedback activation loop of SA biosynthesis
molecular evidence for the premise that positive regulators act at the HR site and negative regulators act in the surrounding areas is mostly lacking through lack of functional zonation studies
two polymorphic residues in PM3E are sufficient to confer resistance Triticum aestivum
(FOC, MIR160, MIR160A, AT2G39175) and (MIR398B, AT5G14545) overexpression enhanced rice blast resistance Oryza sativa
AvrRpm1 Psa is pulled down by (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) Arabidopsis thaliana
Rx1-NLS appears to trigger autoimmune response resulting in stunted and/or non-viable plants Nicotiana benthamiana
no CP106 AVR protein detected in Rx1 plants in presence of p38 indicates that p38 did not inhibit Rx1 function Nicotiana benthamiana
RPA1:10xMyc does not pull down AvrRpm1 Pma:HA Nicotiana benthamiana
some effectors trigger immune responses in Nicotiana tabacum Nicotiana tabacum; Nicotiana benthamiana
SA was shown to be required for generation of mitochondrial ROS during pathogen infection
SA biosynthesis is not controlled by RBOHD-generated ROS Solanum tuberosum
AvrPm3 d3 is identified for different Pm3 alleles Triticum aestivum
several point mutants with enhanced NLR activity also have broader recognition spectrum Triticum aestivum
expression of P19 apparently did not block Rx1-mediated translational arrest of CP106 AVR Nicotiana benthamiana
nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins may activate immune responses in multiple parts of the cell
bioactive signalling intermediates promote resistance
miRNAs are associated with rice immune responses against RRSV Oryza sativa
AvrRpm1 Psa may activate a separate R gene RPA1 with a different biochemical mechanism
redox potential changes in both PTI and ETI Solanum tuberosum
PM3A-β1, -γ2, -γ7, -γ13, and -δ5 strongly increased response intensity Nicotiana benthamiana
AvrRpm1 Psa and RPA1 co-expression results in disappearance of both AvrRpm1 Psa and RPA1 proteins Nicotiana benthamiana
tight spatial regulation of immune processes is of utmost importance for efficient immunity
DQ2.5-Glia-α3 T-cell epitope is least toxic of the three epitopes Triticum aestivum; Aegilops tauschii
downstream immunity cascades frequently end in cell death
elf18 induces defense-related gene expression Arabidopsis thaliana
miR393 participates in immunity by inhibiting auxin signalling Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa
RPA1 co-immunoprecipitates with (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) (RPM1-interacting protein 4) Nicotiana tabacum; Nicotiana benthamiana
pathogen growth is restricted when AvrRpm1 Psa is responded by RPA1
(ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) and SA regulate in spatiodiverse manner Solanum tuberosum
AvrRpm1 Psa physically associates with all (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) homologues in different plant species Nicotiana benthamiana; Arabidopsis thaliana; Actinidia chinensis
non-functional Rpa1 K206A expression shows no comparable growth restriction of PtoΔQ + A Nicotiana benthamiana; Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
AvrRpm1 Psy-triggered response is possibly mediated by separate R gene in snap bean snap bean
oxidative burst is generated mostly by RBOH proteins and cell wall peroxidases
Rx1 immune activation prevents accumulation of CP106 AVR even though CP106 AVR transgene is transcribed and resulting mature mRNA appears intact Nicotiana benthamiana
miRNAs are associated with rice immune responses against pathogens Oryza sativa
Rpa1 gene is required for AvrRpm1 Psa-triggered immune response Nicotiana tabacum
AvrRpm1 (AHA1, HA1, OST2, PMA, AT2G18960) co-expressed with (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) (RPM1, RPS3, AT3G07040) results in HR Nicotiana benthamiana
ultrastructural features in and surrounding the site of viral entry rendering immune response ineffective Solanum tuberosum
(ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) confirms the existence of complex regulatory feedback loops Solanum tuberosum
resistance or immune receptor proteins are encoded by resistance (R) genes
auxin homeostasis participates in regulation of plant immunity Oryza sativa
one polymorphic residue shared by PM3B and PM3C is sufficient to convert PM3CS to a functional immune receptor Triticum aestivum
NbRIN4 suppresses suppresses (RPS2, uS2C, ATCG00160) activity Nicotiana benthamiana
SA-deficient line shows loss of spatiotemporal regulation in some genes Solanum tuberosum
Rx1 confers extreme resistance to virus without HR transient expression of CP in presence of immune receptor results in cell death visible as tissue necrosis Nicotiana benthamiana
detection of pathogen infection by cell surface and intracellular receptors activates processing and secretion of phytocytokines
OsPAL1-7 mRNA accumulation leads to enhanced immunity
elf18 induces growth inhibition of Arabidopsis seedling Arabidopsis thaliana
AvrRpm1 Psa co-immunoprecipitates with (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) (RPM1-interacting protein 4) Nicotiana tabacum; Nicotiana benthamiana
AvrRpm1 (AHA1, HA1, OST2, PMA, AT2G18960) does not result in significant response in Nicotiana species without (RPM1, RPS3, AT3G07040) Nicotiana species; Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola
RPA1:10xMyc, AvrRpm1 Psa:HA, and FLAG:NbRIN4 three-component co-immunoprecipitation shows all three proteins are associated with one another in multicomponent protein complex Nicotiana benthamiana
wheat / mildew pathosystem demonstrates importance of single residues for NLR function Triticum aestivum
transcript levels of pathogenesis-related 1 (AtCAPE9, ATPR1, PR 1, PR1, AT2G14610) are induced after Rx1 activation Nicotiana benthamiana
flagellin perception induces expression of defense-related genes Arabidopsis thaliana
miRNAs are associated with Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) immune response Oryza sativa
AvrRpm1 (AHA1, HA1, OST2, PMA, AT2G18960) co-delivered with RPA1 does not trigger comparable response Nicotiana benthamiana
Psa growth was inhibited by RPA1 Nicotiana tabacum; Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae
coeliac disease (CD) is one of the best understood food intolerances with regard to human immunology and T-cell specificity
biosynthesis of SA, ET and JA leads to activation of downstream signaling in cells producing them
fungal cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis is linked to rice immunity Magnaporthe oryzae; Oryza sativa
Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 greatly induces pectin methylesterase (PME) activity Arabidopsis thaliana
LPS recognition system, in addition to (LORE, SD1-29, AT1G61380) mediates second cytoplasmically localized ROS response to LPS elicitation
LPS triggered two successive ROS bursts at distinct cellular locations Arabidopsis thaliana
wheat consumption may cause allergies and intolerances
Rx1 variants permit CP protein to accumulate to readily detectable levels before activating HR suggests that they are less effective in mounting immune response as they cannot suppress CP production Nicotiana benthamiana
miRNAs are associated with rice immune responses against RSV Oryza sativa
AvrRpm1 Psa-RPA1 association is specific Nicotiana benthamiana
immune response leading to the growth inhibition of the pathogen was mediated by endogenous Rpa1 Nicotiana tabacum
second, high-amplitude and sustained phase of ROS generation depends on ROS generation in multiple compartments
groups of polymorphic residues in different regions in PM3A LRR domain contribute to NLR function in different ways NLR function Triticum aestivum
reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression in cells past a certain threshold can adversely modulate immunity
auto-activation of (BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) does not cause spontaneous cell death in (BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) mutant Arabidopsis thaliana
(BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) is nucleocytoplasmic Toll-Interleukin Receptor (AtTN10, TIR, TN10, AT1G72930) -type NLR (TNL) protein Arabidopsis thaliana
chitin blocks pathogen invasion
transcriptional responses in pPCD have to be rapid and direct to counteract pathogen attack
elevated immune responses towards Magnaporthe oryzae strains lacking (CKS1, CKS1AT, AT2G27960) explain reduced tissue colonization Magnaporthe oryzae; Oryza sativa
growth-defence trade-off has been described in pathogen treatment and hyper-immune plants
(RPS4, uS4M, ATMG00290) confers resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 expressing AvrRps4 effector
immunogenic patterns trigger plant defenses
siR109944 interferes with plant immunity Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
other genes show different response in SA-deficient line Solanum tuberosum
role of RBOH proteins as the principal generator of ROS after pathogen attack was also studied in symbiotic interaction with rhizobia
mutations in LRR domain affected AVR recognition
detailed information about involved residues can be used to expand recognition spectrum
nuclear pool of (BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) is essential for autoimmune phenotype of (BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) plants Arabidopsis thaliana
detection of pathogen infection by cell surface and intracellular receptors activates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGs (RBOHs)
(GH3.1, AT2G14960) constitutive expression reduced auxin content and enhanced defence response Oryza sativa
phosphorylation of T166 in (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) for RPM1-mediated response
Pm3 locus provides 17 functional alleles Triticum aestivum
PM3A-δ1 showed HR with all five AVR variants Nicotiana benthamiana
CP from dexamethasone-inducible promoter expressed in presence of different Rx1 localization variants allows monitoring of immune outputs such as HR development Nicotiana benthamiana
plant NLR proteins perceive pathogen-secreted virulence factors (effectors)
activation of immune response starts with recognition of immunogenic signals by cell surface and intracellular immune receptors
stromules might provide driving force to rapidly move chloroplasts toward nucleus
pentameric LT-B protein is a potent antigen Escherichia coli
complex immune system functions for pathogen perception
plant cells produce immunomodulatory peptides known as phytocytokines
cytokinins modulate plant immunity
ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 ( (ACD6, DEG16, AT4G14400) ) had highest fold change in ++B versus Ctrl in Ribo-seq among immune-response genes Arabidopsis thaliana
effector-triggered immunity (ETI) leads to induction of programmed cell death (PCD)
flagellin perception induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) Arabidopsis thaliana
ET biosynthesis inhibitor application could affect rice blast disease resistance Oryza sativa
RPA1 immunoprecipitated pulls down AvrRpm1 Psa and NbRIN4 Nicotiana benthamiana
XopL of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) interfere with host immunity Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
pathogen-induced ROS can be produced in mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes
some groups of polymorphic residues enable recognition of AVR Triticum aestivum
β-glucan perception by EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE RECEPTOR 3 (Lj EPR3) is not involved in immunity signaling Lotus japonicus
ABA acts as pro-inflammatory cytokine in human granulocytes Homo sapiens
tryptophan metabolism is responsible for controlling fungal load
no other importin-α single-mutant is not compromised in basal disease resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
comparative transcriptional profiling revealed core set of 312 DEGs common to defined HAMP and DAMP immune responses Zea mays
nitrogen limitation does not correlate with defence
immune receptors trigger effective immune response
VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) applied to identify TIR-NLR gene responding to bacterial effector XopQ1 Nicotiana benthamiana
redox potential changes one of the first responses to pathogen recognition Solanum tuberosum
hypersensitive cell death response (HR) deprives pathogen of its nutrient source
polymorphisms of one or two residues in AVR-Pik were sufficient to disrupt direct interaction with receptor Oryza sativa
effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is commonly associated with hypersensitive cell death response (HR) at the infection site
mutant and multi-scale analyses identify highly unstable immune response mRNAs Arabidopsis thaliana
hypersensitive cell death response (HR) restricts pathogen spread
cpr6-1 mutant has immunity levels Arabidopsis thaliana
resistome encodes nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins
adaptive response to pathogen exposure elevates B cell counts Homo sapiens
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
celastrol inhibits inflammation
immune-response genes had highest number of genes among GO terms enriched in genes with changes in RNA-seq and TE Arabidopsis thaliana
CK-induced immunity explains higher susceptibility of ahk mutants to Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis
secretory trafficking pathway is involved in execution of defence responses
bacterial endotoxin challenge triggers damage in lymphatic and liver tissue Mus musculus
chloroplast-localized (ATGPX7, GPX7, GPXL7, AT4G31870) is important for immune responses Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) functions upstream of RPS4-induced transcriptional reprogramming of the nucleus
salicylic acid (SA) is one of the three major defense hormones
race-specific resistance genes encode diverse types of proteins
extra- and intracellular plant receptors manipulate host immune pathways
calcium channel promotes immunity
plants deploy immune receptors
(ADR1, AT1G33560) functions downstream of other R genes
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) participates in inflammation
autoimmune mutants reveal growth-defence trade-off paradigm is fundamentally incomplete
proteins in pollen coat of olive include allergens such as Ole e 1 and profilins Olea europaea
Calreticulin (CRT) appears to play a role in immune system
synthesis of callose occurs de novo as response to pathogen attack
Arabidopsis Nudix hydrolase 7 has been implicated in immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
allelic heterogeneity may be particularly common for genes involved in defense and immunity
mutations in (ATIMPALPHA3, IMPA-3, MOS6, AT4G02150) only partially suppress (BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) autoimmunity Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATSTP4, STP4, AT3G19930) was induced by bacterial elicitors Arabidopsis thaliana
application of purified β-1,3-glucan is accompanied by accumulation of PR-proteins Triticum aestivum
NO and cGMP are implicated in pathogen defence
granulocytes produce several reactive oxygen species, including nitric oxide (NO) Homo sapiens
(ATWRKY6, WRKY6, AT1G62300) and (ATWRKY53, WRKY53, AT4G23810) were induced by OGs and Flg22 at 1 h
Arabidopsis type II metacaspases (MC4–9) have various roles in cell death and immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATUCP2, PUMP2, UCP2, AT5G58970) protein levels increase in lung after lipopolysaccharide stimulation
vesicular body accumulation is actin-dependent process Arabidopsis thaliana
reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) result in programmed cell death
high expression of pathogen recognition receptor genes can lead to cell death and dwarf phenotypes
genes containing AAGTCAA motif are related to immune response Arabidopsis thaliana
abiotic stresses such as elevated temperatures have been known to severely cripple immunity
abscisic acid (ABA) acts as pro-inflammatory cytokine in granulocytes Homo sapiens
peptides are used for antigene processing Mammalia
(ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) functions after (RPS4, uS4M, ATMG00290) activation
EDS1-dependent genes were registered as strongly pathogen-induced in Ws-0 Arabidopsis thaliana
metchnikowin (Mtk) is immune inducible peptide Drosophila melanogaster
metchnikowin (Mtk) is proline-rich peptide Drosophila melanogaster
TLP knockout did not display reduced immunity against bacterial virulent pathogen Psm ES4326 Arabidopsis thaliana
nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) indirectly detect pathogen effectors
TLP knockout did not display reduced immunity against tested pathogens including oomycete Ha Noco2 Arabidopsis thaliana
TLPs' effect on PI4Kβ protein levels is mainly seen during initial time points after infection with Ha Emwa1 Arabidopsis thaliana
degradation of BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1, AT2G39660) regulates immune response Arabidopsis thaliana
selective regulation of packaging of mitochondrial protein into EVs prevents release of damaged components that would act as proinflammatory damage-associated molecular patterns Mammalia
WRKY plays an important role in regulating the expression of defence-responsive genes
regulatory interplay of autophagy and other membrane trafficking pathways remains obscure in programmed cell death and defence responses
plant hypersensitive response is thought to act against invading pathogens
peri-cell wall apposition (CWA) actin and microtubule networks can facilitate local organelle positioning Arabidopsis thaliana
commensal bacteria do not or only weakly induce responses in wild-type (WT) plants
(AtZAT6, C2H2, CZF2, ZAT6, AT5G04340) zinc finger proteins are required for pathogen defense Arabidopsis thaliana
ROS mediate responses to pathogen defence
harpin-elicited stomatal closure is important in plant immunity to bacterial invasion Nicotiana benthamiana
18–51 aa residues of Bg_9562 is required for imparting immunity in tomato Solanum lycopersicum
(ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) and (EVR, SOBIR1, AT2G31880) activate spontaneous immune responses Arabidopsis thaliana
Bg_9562 fragment 3 (18–103 aa) imparts disease tolerance Solanum lycopersicum
increasing PI4Kβ levels by overexpression or generating tlp KO or TLP DN OE lines does not suppress plant immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
reduced (BIP, BIP2, AT5G42020) accumulation in ER may have an effect on biogenesis of some proteins involved in HR PCD Nicotiana benthamiana
OsPR5 chitin-induced expression declined to 32.4–57.4% in OsCERK1 RNAi transgenic cell lines Oryza sativa
(RPS4, uS4M, ATMG00290) becoming activated through overexpression is consistent with dwarf phenotype with necrotic lesions and death Arabidopsis thaliana
PI4Kβ2 levels reduction coincides with time points after Ha infection when (AtTLP2, TLP2, AT2G18280) and (AtTLP6, TLP6, AT1G47270) are induced Arabidopsis thaliana
RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) is essential for maintaining microbiota homeostasis Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) promoter is responsive to biotic stresses
BnaMAPKKK genes are regulated by fungal pathogen treatments Brassica napus
mismatched pair of immune components triggers autoimmunity
vacuolar trafficking pathway is involved in execution of defence responses
mutation of the predicted catalytic residues of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) and (ATPAD4, PAD4, AT3G52430) did not compromise their functions in effector-triggered immunity (ETI) or basal resistance responses Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtTN10, TIR, TN10, AT1G72930) domain is present in proteins involved in the immune response
polymorphism triggers autoimmunity Arabidopsis thaliana
MHA1L appears to be transcriptionally induced upon pathogen infection Arabidopsis thaliana
maintenance of hexamer is not required for autoimmunity Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) blocks consequences of (RPS4, uS4M, ATMG00290) over accumulation in growth inhibition Arabidopsis thaliana
mutations in genes for (ATCAX3, ATHCX1, CAX1-LIKE, CAX3, AT3G51860) vacuolar H+/calcium transporter can cause autoimmunity Arabidopsis thaliana
FORMIN4 localization is stable and segregated from dynamic traffic of endosomal network Arabidopsis thaliana
fine spatial segregation of destinations is for actin-dependent immunity cargo Arabidopsis thaliana
plant actin cytoskeleton is critical for immune responses to bacteria Arabidopsis thaliana
reactive oxygen species (ROS) activating peach immune system Prunus persica
harpin is a bacterial PAMP that elicits VPE-dependent responses Nicotiana benthamiana
ACD6-Est-1 allele can cause autoimmunity Arabidopsis thaliana
such trafficking can be guided by molecules released at the site of pathogen contact Arabidopsis thaliana
FORMIN4 response can be induced in absence of specific fungal–disease promoting effectors Arabidopsis thaliana
pen3-1 mutant plants showed elevated level of haustoria formation beyond that of the formin triple mutant Arabidopsis thaliana
actin cytoskeleton is known to support cell wall apposition (CWA) function Arabidopsis thaliana
initial activation is likely to occur through detection of microbial and damage-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs and DAMPs) Arabidopsis thaliana
ERQC is required for PTI via regulation of biogenesis of pattern recognition receptor (EFR, AT5G20480) Arabidopsis thaliana
FORMIN4-GFP regions coincide with small callose deposits Arabidopsis thaliana
FORMIN4-GFP and FORMIN4(ΔFH1-FH2)-GFP fusion proteins are delivered to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) sites in the formin4/7/8 genetic background Arabidopsis thaliana; Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei
rapid redirection of membrane traffic facilitates effective host defence
T2 lines with hybrid necrosis phenotype expressed (FMO1, AT1G19250) Arabidopsis thaliana
ROS production was significantly suppressed in OsCERK1 RNAi transgenic rice cell lines Oryza sativa
(PGN, AT1G56570) Xoo triggered ROS production Oryza sativa
callose deposition was dramatically reduced in OsCERK1 RNAi transgenic rice lines Oryza sativa
reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in pathogen responses
WRKY plays an important role in disease resistance
rboh silencing does not impair hypersensitive response Nicotiana benthamiana
late responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are considerably different between the two classes of elicitors
strong early ROS burst could be induced in soybean after LPS treatment Glycine max
response of transgenic lines to pathogen challenge was analysed at different levels
loss of resistance but not cell death could be interpreted as quantitative difference in immune response
alpaca immunized with algal cell lysate produces high-titer antisera Lama pacos; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
wheat prolamins cause celiac disease (CD)
α-gliadins are major triggers of celiac disease (CD)
eds1-1 had only 2/1 induced/repressed genes in response to Pst-AvrRps4 Arabidopsis thaliana
actin-mediated trafficking is apparent during hyphal invasion Arabidopsis thaliana
FORMIN4-GFP hypocotyl cells stained with aniline blue show deposits of callose Arabidopsis thaliana
pathogenic consequences of profilin oligomerization is involved in allergic responses Mammalia
factors involved in Pst DC3000-induced HR PCD may depend on (AtCRT3, CRT3, EBS2, PSL1, AT1G08450) (EBS1, PSL2, UGGT, AT1G71220) N-glycan decoration but not on BiPs Nicotiana benthamiana
(ATMYC2, JAI1, JIN1, MYC2, RD22BP1, ZBF1, AT1G32640) single mutants had reduced PME activity after Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 infection Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATMYC2, JAI1, JIN1, MYC2, RD22BP1, ZBF1, AT1G32640) single mutants did not affect activity in Alternaria brassicicola-challenged plants Arabidopsis thaliana
AVRPM1A.1 isoforms KLGCD, KLGSD, and EFRSN did not trigger HR when co-expressed individually with PM1A in N. benthamiana Nicotiana benthamiana
(ATNPR3, NPR3, AT5G45110) is substrate of (AtUBP12, UBP12, AT5G06600) /13 Arabidopsis thaliana
microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) trigger costly defenses Arabidopsis thaliana
SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE101 (SAG101, AT5G14930) is (ANAC008, SOG1, AT1G25580) target gene Arabidopsis thaliana
MEDEA (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) involved in repression of immune responses Arabidopsis thaliana
receptor overexpression antagonizes colonization Arabidopsis thaliana
sog1-1 mutant showed significantly larger anthracnose lesion area than wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana
129 genes with shared haplotypes were significantly enriched for genes involved in response to virus Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis halleri; Arabidopsis lyrata; Arabidopsis arenosa
npr4-4D blocks increased expression of (CBP60G, AT5G26920) Arabidopsis thaliana
(PAS2, PEP, PEPINO, AT5G10480) plays important role in disease resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
FORMIN4-GFP distribution is severely reduced and poorly targeted after cytochalasin E pre-treatment Arabidopsis thaliana
wild-type plants infected by Guy11 accumulated measurable levels of H2O2 H2O2 accumulation Oryza sativa; Magnaporthe oryzae
plant hypersensitive response is part of plant immune system
two ERD2-like genes and their putative ligands may regulate HR PCD Nicotiana benthamiana
cell wall appositions (CWAs) formation requires coordination with export of barrier material Arabidopsis thaliana
FORMIN4 deactivation partially compromises subsequent defense Arabidopsis thaliana
FORMIN4-GFP expression reduced presence of haustoria Arabidopsis thaliana
autophagy is implicated in basal immunity
plant actin dynamics are essential to cell wall apposition response Arabidopsis thaliana
FORMIN4-GFP transport occurs as broad-spectrum fungal-response mechanism Arabidopsis thaliana
actin cables exhibit transient interactions with the periphery of the cell wall apposition (CWA) Arabidopsis thaliana
studies of targeted (ATPEN3, PEN3, AT5G36150) transportation support hypothesis that initial activation occurs through detection of microbial and damage-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs and DAMPs) Arabidopsis thaliana
hydathode pores fail to fully close in response to immunogenic elicitors of bacterial origin
programmed cell death (PCD) is common host response to microbial infection
ERD2a/2b co-silencing exacerbated PCD induced by Xoo or Pst DC3000 and R gene-mediated PCD Nicotiana benthamiana
(BIP3, HSP70-13, AT1G09080) over-expression in rice reduces Xa21-mediated resistance Oryza sativa
MLO PGN-induced expression was significantly suppressed to 8.6–32.2% in OsCERK1 RNAi transgenic cell lines Oryza sativa
pathogen infection triggers down-regulation of NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTION (BAH1, NLA, SYG1, AT1G02860) expression Arabidopsis thaliana
most significant T-cell epitopes in patients with CD are PFPQPQLPY (DQ2.5-glia-α1a), PYPQPQLPY (DQ2.5-glia-α1b), PQPQLPYPQ (DQ2.5-glia-α2) and FRPQQPYPQ (DQ2.5-glia-α3)
positional feedback contributes to outcomes of pre-invasion defense Arabidopsis thaliana
molecular, genetic, or chemical interference of actin dynamics lowers penetration defense Arabidopsis thaliana
FORMIN4 gene is one of three actin-binding protein genes present within an established immunity expression cluster Arabidopsis thaliana
FORMIN4 is most frequently upregulated gene responsive to prokaryote, oomycete, and fungal stimuli Arabidopsis thaliana
FORMIN4-GFP stable transformants are infected with Magnaporthe oryzae Arabidopsis thaliana; Magnaporthe oryzae
alternative systems must be upstream in temporal sequence from actin binding proteins, such as FORMIN4, that are under tight expression control and embedded in the cargo membrane Arabidopsis thaliana
nup205-3 heterozygous plants from cross to wild-type had wild-type disease susceptibility phenotype Arabidopsis thaliana
plants without functional co-chaperone (ATRAR1, PBS2, RAR1, RPR2, AT5G51700) show lower accumulation of immune receptor (RPM1, RPS3, AT3G07040)
OsCERK1 indispensable for gene expression Oryza sativa
MODIFIER OF snc1-1 (MOS1, AT4G24680) modulates plant disease resistance Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATSNAK2, GRIK1, AT3G45240) (TAIR locus ) is virus-response gene with haplotypes shared across all four species Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis halleri; Arabidopsis lyrata; Arabidopsis arenosa
chitin-induced expression of defense genes was suppressed in OsRLCK176 RNAi transgenic rice lines Oryza sativa
fungal elicitors trigger up-regulation of MIR827 Arabidopsis thaliana
H2O2 accumulation is host response in wheat to infection by S. tritici Triticum aestivum
(EDS4, EMB3142, AT5G51200) shows enhanced disease susceptibility phenotype Arabidopsis thaliana
expression of ERD2a and (ERD2B, AT3G25040) was transiently up-regulated during Xoo-induced HR Nicotiana benthamiana
SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (ANAC008, SOG1, AT1G25580) is required for resistance against the hemi-biotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum Arabidopsis thaliana
cell wall appositions (CWAs) formation requires controlled invagination of plasma membrane (PM) Arabidopsis thaliana
pathogen infection induces ER stress and (BIP, BIP2, AT5G42020) expression
protein secretion is involved in plant immunity
wild-type and lys12 mutant roots produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) after treatment with CO4, CO8, oligogalacturonides, laminarin, flagellin (flg22) Lotus japonicus
MODIFIER OF snc1-1 (MOS1, AT4G24680) binds to promoter of SUPRESSOR OF npr1-1 CONSTITUTIVE 1 (BAL, SNC1, AT4G16890) Arabidopsis thaliana
OXIDATIVE SIGNAL-INDUCIBLE1 (AGC2, AGC2-1, AtOXI1, OXI1, AT3G25250) is (ANAC008, SOG1, AT1G25580) target gene Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtWAK1, PRO25, WAK1, AT1G21250) (TAIR locus ) is virus-response gene with haplotypes shared across all four species Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis halleri; Arabidopsis lyrata; Arabidopsis arenosa
FORMIN4-GFP fusion product is found almost exclusively in locality of cell wall appositions (CWAs) formed in response to the fungus Arabidopsis thaliana
seedlings grown in half-strength MS media supplemented with 1% sucrose; 500 mg/L MES pH 5.7 and 0.8% phyto agar plates with high humidity for 9 days under short day conditions have leaves detached and incubated for 30 min in 20 μM flg22 or control Arabidopsis thaliana
substantial transcriptional reprogramming confers disease resistance
weakened clock function upon infection may be necessary to allow continuous immunity to contain infectious bacteria and prevent re-infection Arabidopsis thaliana
(EDS4, EMB3142, AT5G51200) mutant was identified in screen for individuals more susceptible to infection with Pseudomonas syringae Psm ES4326 Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtNPF5.2, ATPTR3, NPF5.2, PTR3, AT5G46050) has function in pathogen defense Arabidopsis thaliana
translocated pathogen effectors physically associate with host proteins
significant host response led to inhibition of pathogen growth Nicotiana tabacum
role of RBOH proteins as the principal generator of ROS after pathogen attack was mostly studied in compatible interactions with bacterial and oomycete pathogens
single residues in NLR is important for NLR function
hairpin silencing construct hp39 blocks HR triggered by AvrRpm1 Psa Nicotiana tabacum
AvrRpm1 (PSY, AT5G17230) co-expressed with Rpa1 results in host response comparable with AvrRpm1 Psa-triggered HR Nicotiana benthamiana
(ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) is involved in spatial control of SA accumulation Solanum tuberosum
avirulence protein (AVR) is encoded by avirulence gene (Avr)
rapid successful assembly of a focused cell wall apposition (CWA) prevents biotrophic haustorium formation Arabidopsis thaliana
FORMIN4(ΔFH1-FH2)-GFP deletion mutant is delivered to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) sites Arabidopsis thaliana; Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei
MRK1, RAF26, and RAF39 have redundant roles in immune-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production Arabidopsis thaliana
pme mutants more susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 did not show reduced pathogen-induced pectin methylesterase (PME) activity Arabidopsis thaliana
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) leads to callose deposition
LORE-mediated apoplastic rapid ROS burst appears specific to Brassicaceae family of plants
elf18 induces rapid oxidative burst Arabidopsis thaliana
BAK1-dependent phosphorylation of (AtCERK1, AtLYK1, CERK1, LYK1, LYSM RLK1, AT3G21630) potentiates antifungal immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
Rpa1 isolated from Nicotiana tabacum under native 1.5 Kb promoter instigates AvrRpm1 Psa-triggered responses Nicotiana benthamiana
lowered sensitivity of immune receptor for cognate ligand viral CP could result in delayed induction of immune response allowing viral escape Nicotiana benthamiana
P38 did not inhibit Rx1-mediated translational arrest of CP106 AVR Nicotiana benthamiana
OX-dml lines display enrichment in biological functions such as immune response Populus tremula × Populus alba
Bg_9562 protein treatment provides immunity against R. solanacearum infection Solanum lycopersicum
tandem duplication events may have played important role in maintaining the immune system in oak trees Quercus dentata
poplar genes involved in immune response participate in ectomycorrhizal formation Populus tremula × Populus alba
professional phagocytes are source of most information on phagocytosis
TLP6-DN OE lines did not display reduced immunity against tested pathogens including oomycete Ha Noco2 Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATTLP1, TLP1, AT4G24180) ,2,5,6,10 mutant did not display reduced immunity against tested pathogens Arabidopsis thaliana
(YAO, AT4G05410) et al. (2021) show increase of overall Lys63 chain levels after flg22 treatment is dependent on (APP, PARP2, PP, AT4G02390) Arabidopsis thaliana
Resistosome containing ion-conducting pore penetrates into plasma membrane (PM) Arabidopsis thaliana
specific (PMES, AT4G10050) are responsible for plant immunity
Rice TLPs transcription is upregulated upon pathogen infection Oryza sativa
GO:0042742 (defense response to bacterium) was enriched in SOM8 Setaria viridis
PI4Kβ2 OE lines did not display reduced immunity against tested pathogens including oomycete Ha Noco2 Arabidopsis thaliana
microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) include fungal glucans
(CPK28, AT5G66210) ubiquitination and degradation is mediated by ARABIDOPSIS TOXICOS EN LEVADURA 31/6 Arabidopsis thaliana
RBOHD-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) repress the expression of bacterial genes associated with the type II secretion system Arabidopsis thaliana
NEMATODE-INDUCED LRR-RLK1 (GRACE, NILR1, AT1G74360) is induced upon nematode infection
Bg_9562 induces host defense responses Solanum lycopersicum
microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) include fungal chitins
Leaves challenged with avirulent Pst. DC3000 (avrRpt2) harvested at 48 hours post-inoculation (hpi)
Silencing of (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) did not affect RPA1 activity Nicotiana tabacum
hp39_5 silencing construct is required for blocking AvrRpm1 Psa-triggered HR Nicotiana tabacum
(RPM1, RPS3, AT3G07040) does not respond to AvrRpm1 Psa or AvrRpm1 (PSY, AT5G17230) Nicotiana benthamiana
second, high-amplitude and sustained phase of ROS generation occurs a few hours after infection
ROS generation in multiple compartments includes apoplast, chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes
flax (Linum usitatissimum) / rust pathosystem demonstrates importance of single residues for NLR function Linum usitatissimum
AVRPM1A.2_1 and AVRPM1A.2_2 triggered Pm1a-dependent HR Nicotiana benthamiana
PI4Kβ2 OE lines did not display reduced immunity against bacterial virulent pathogen Psm ES4326 Arabidopsis thaliana
downregulation of (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) possibly contributes to maintaining balanced immune response Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATPEP1, PEP1, PROPEP1, AT5G64900) expression is not affected by PAMP (pathogen-associated molecular pattern) exposure Arabidopsis thaliana
RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) plays a particularly crucial role in immunity Arabidopsis thaliana
dwarf and early senescence phenotype correlates with constitutive defense responses Arabidopsis thaliana
ubiquitination coordinates proteasomal and vacuolar degradation pathways
(AtCAPE9, ATPR1, PR 1, PR1, AT2G14610) secretion is compromised in (PARP1, AT2G31320) (APP, PARP2, PP, AT4G02390) mutants Arabidopsis thaliana
Bph14 encodes coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding site, leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) protein Oryza sativa
mutations in NOX2 or its regulatory proteins cause chronic granulomatous disease
Pep3 expression is increased by PAMP (pathogen-associated molecular pattern) exposure Arabidopsis thaliana
reactive oxygen species (ROS) possess antimicrobial activities
AVRPM1A.2_3 did not trigger Pm1a-dependent HR Nicotiana benthamiana
TLP6-DN OE lines did not display reduced immunity against bacterial virulent pathogen Psm ES4326 Arabidopsis thaliana
(ATTLP1, TLP1, AT4G24180) ,2,5,6,10 mutant, TLP6-DN OE lines, and PI4Kβ2 OE lines did not show increased susceptibility to root pathogen Pseudomonas spp. N2C3 Arabidopsis thaliana
agroinfiltration causes increase in immune responses Nicotiana benthamiana
membrane receptor kinases (RKs) control plant immunity
flg22 immune response activation induces interaction between (UBC13A, UBC35, AT1G78870) and E3 ligase (AtPUB22, PUB22, AT3G52450) Arabidopsis thaliana
(IAN11, AT4G09930) is highly induced by nematode infection Arabidopsis thaliana
resistance against blast fungus is governed mainly by effector-triggered immunity (ETI) immune responses Oryza sativa
Pigm confers without yield penalty Oryza sativa
oxidized oligosaccharides were unable to induce (CYP81F2, AT5G57220) expression Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtNIK1, NIK1, AT5G16000) phosphorylation potentiates antiviral immunity
functional Rpa1 compared with non-functional Rpa1 K206A Nicotiana tabacum
p38 interfered with N but not with Rx1 function suggests that Rx1 mounts translational arrest of CP transcript using pathway distinct from N-mediated translational arrest Nicotiana benthamiana
phosphorylation status of (AtRIN4, RIN4, AT3G25070) leads to activation of resistance gene (RPM1, RPS3, AT3G07040)
ROS generated at the first phase of immune response are mostly apoplastic
PM3A-δ4 showed HR when combined with AVRPM3 A2/F2 -L116Y Nicotiana benthamiana
these compounds are known to enhance body's immune system to recognize and ravage cancer cells
(EVR, SOBIR1, AT2G31880) does not play a role in activating immune responses in KD-GmBIR1 roots Glycine max
BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1, AT2G39660) serves as signaling hub linking Pattern Recognition Receptors complex and downstream effectors Arabidopsis thaliana
chronic granulomatous disease patients suffer from chronic or recurrent bacterial and fungal infections
anther at 3 dpi does not switch on host defenses to combat infection Zea mays; Ustilago maydis
immune response activation relies on recognition of danger signals
vesicular bodies accumulate to form clusters at plasma membrane (PM) Arabidopsis thaliana
actin dynamics can be stimulated by MAMP application Arabidopsis thaliana
plants without functional HSP90s show lower accumulation of immune receptors including MLA1 and MLA6