| gravitropic response |
plays essential role in controlling |
plant growth direction and architecture |
|
| egt2 mutation |
results in |
enhanced gravitropic response in barley roots |
Hordeum vulgare |
| gravity changes |
lead to alterations in |
shape of endodermal cells |
|
| gravistimulation |
caused |
transcriptome adjustment |
Hordeum vulgare |
| modules with strong correlation with genotype |
were contrastingly correlated with |
gravitropic response of WT and egt2 |
Hordeum vulgare |
| interaction candidates that responded to gravistimulation |
was significantly higher than |
expected by chance |
Hordeum vulgare |
| Mp (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
is required for |
orthotropic growth of gametangiophore stalks |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| gravity vectors |
influence |
directional growth of gametophore stalks |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| study results |
highlight |
transcriptomic reprogramming of gravitropic response of barley roots |
Hordeum vulgare |
| homolog of ZmCIPK15 |
was significantly downregulated in root cap after 12 h of gravistimulation |
root cap |
Hordeum vulgare |
| gravity changes |
lead to alterations in |
transcript levels of genes associated with cell wall modifications |
|
| seedlings pretreated with 10 µm NPPB |
show no |
auxin reporter asymmetry between upper and lower flanks of root |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropic bending |
is subject to |
more extensive transcriptomic regulation in elongation zone |
Hordeum vulgare |
| EGT2 |
mediates gravity signal transduction at |
protein level |
Hordeum vulgare |
| gain-of-function mutant of OsIAA3 |
lost |
gravitropism |
|
| (AtMYB1, MYB1, SRM1, AT3G09230) mutant |
shows severely impaired |
responses to gravity |
Oryza sativa |
| WT barley roots |
angle adjustment reached |
30° (> 60% of the total adjusted angle) after 12 h of rotation |
Hordeum vulgare |
| signal transduction in meristem |
involves less transcriptomic regulation than |
gravitropic bending in elongation zone |
Hordeum vulgare |
| gravity |
affects |
morphology and functions of organisms |
|
| caulonema filaments in Δ ftsZ3 mutants |
grew in different directions |
directional growth |
Physcomitrella patens |
| EGT2 |
plays a critical role in regulating |
root gravitropic bending |
Hordeum vulgare |
| RRS1-KO mutants |
had stronger |
gravitropic response in roots |
|
| phosphate (Pi) |
has no significant effect on |
gravitropic response of Arabidopsis roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root gravitropism |
allows plants to penetrate deeply into |
soil |
|
| RNA-seq |
performed at time points |
before gravistimulation and 3, 6, and 12 h after reorientation of roots by 90° |
Hordeum vulgare |
| hypergravistimulation achieved by reorienting specimens 90° under hypergravity conditions (e.g. 5 g) |
enhances |
root gravitropic curvature |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| WEEP function in shoot gravitropism |
shows similarities to |
EGT2 function in roots |
|
| EGT2 |
might induce expression of |
gravity-responsive genes that negatively regulate root gravitropism |
Hordeum vulgare |
| gravitropism regulation of EGT2 |
might be similar to |
gravitropism regulation of EGT1 |
Hordeum vulgare |
| RRS1-OE lines |
is consistent with |
gain-of-function mutant of OsIAA3 |
|
| homolog of AtLZY2 and AtLZY3 |
was significantly downregulated in root cap after 12 h of gravistimulation |
root cap |
Hordeum vulgare |
| NAKED PINS IN YUCCA 2 |
controls |
root gravitropic response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravistimulation |
induces |
asymmetric distribution of ROS in distal elongation zone of root |
|
| new dorsal tissue |
was facing upwards equally for |
all genotypes |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| dorsiventral polarity |
is determined by |
gravity vectors |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| EGT2-regulated genes in elongation zone |
were also regulated by gravistimulation in |
WT roots |
Hordeum vulgare |
| rapid gravity-sensing mechanism |
linearly transduces |
wide range of gravitational changes (0.5 g–2 g) into Ca2+ signals |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PABA |
suppresses |
root-coiling phenotype of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| re-orientation of the cytoskeleton |
initiates |
curvature of the growing cell |
Physcomitrella patens |
| EGT2 |
might play a positive role in regulating |
antigravitropic offset (AGO) |
Hordeum vulgare |
| modules correlated only with egt2 at some time point after gravistimulation |
might be involved in |
EGT2-dependent gravitropism |
Hordeum vulgare |
| ren1-D mutant roots |
exhibit enhanced |
gravitropic response |
Oryza sativa |
| gravity response |
involves |
asymmetric redistribution of auxin to lower side of root tip |
|
| PABA-promoted root gravitropism |
is due to |
PABA-promoted root asymmetric growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| normal gravitropic growth orientation of the hypocotyl response |
is seemingly lost in |
phot1-deficient mutants in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) efflux facilitators |
are located in |
columella |
|
| five NPY genes |
all contribute to |
gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin polar transport |
is essential for plants to properly respond to |
gravity stimuli |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropism |
depends on |
auxin redistribution |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| manipulation of endogenous free PABA levels |
impacts |
root graviresponse |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PABA |
suppresses |
root sinusoidal growth of wei8wei2 double mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NPPB (5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid) pretreatment |
prevents |
creation of lateral asymmetry induced by gravity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NPPB (5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid) pretreatment |
should impair |
gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root curvature |
occurs in response to |
gravistimulus |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABI5, AtABI5, DPBF1, GIA1, AT2G36270) mutation |
partially rescues |
loss of hypocotyl negative gravitropism in pifq mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Δ ftsZ3 mutants |
showed |
impaired gravitropic response |
Physcomitrella patens |
| gravistimulation at 3 h |
caused only little |
transcriptome adjustment |
Hordeum vulgare |
| AtLZY2 and AtLZY3 |
has role in |
root columella cells during gravitropic response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| number of observed interaction candidates that responded to gravistimulation |
highlights |
role of EGT2 in root gravitropic response |
Hordeum vulgare |
| hypergravistimulation achieved by reorienting specimens 90° under hypergravity conditions (e.g. 5 g) |
enhances |
gravitropic curvature |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene |
inhibits |
cell elongation on lower side of gravistimulated root |
|
| transcriptional module of auxin response |
causes |
inhibition of cell elongation on lower side of root |
|
| 2,3-butanedione 2-monoxime (BDM) |
affects |
amyloplast movement |
|
| plants |
orient their growth to ensure |
roots are anchored in soil and shoots grow upward |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropism |
allows plants to anchor roots in soil for |
nutrient uptake |
|
| root curvature |
takes place at |
elongation zone |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) mutation |
slightly rescues |
hypersensitive phenotypes of (AtHMAC6, AtHMP38, HMA6, PAA1, PCH1, AT4G33520) and pchl mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| calcium (Ca2+) |
play key roles in |
gravitropism |
|
| NPH3-like genes |
are hypothesized to be required for |
gravitropic responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NPY genes |
are expressed in |
right places for regulating gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phytochromes |
suppress hypocotyl negative gravitropism by inhibiting |
PIFs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants |
can sense |
direction of gravity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABR, PID, AT2G34650) |
regulates |
root gravitropic response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCB4, AtABCB4, ATPGP4, MDR4, PGP4, AT2G47000) and (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
were shown to be epistatic in |
gravitropic bending |
|
| roots |
are anchored in |
soil |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARF7, BIP, IAA21, IAA23, IAA25, MSG1, NPH4, TIR5, AT5G20730) |
is required for |
gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HY3, OOP1, PHYB, AT2G18790) mutation |
completely rescues |
negative gravitropism phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABR, PID, AT2G34650) /WAG kinases |
have been implicated in |
gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin signaling |
is essential for plants to properly respond to |
gravity stimuli |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| polar streams of auxin |
regulate |
plastic growth responses to gravity |
|
| (ATXTH19, XTH19, AT4G30290) and (XTH23, XTR6, AT4G25810) |
expression is strongly induced by |
gravity stimulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plates with 4-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings |
photographed to measure |
angle between gravity and primary root |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Starch granules containing amyloplasts |
are responsible for |
gravity sensing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| JAZ4-mediated gravitropic response |
may play a role in |
unknown mechanisms of gravity sensing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ammonium |
compromises PR gravitropism via attenuating |
asymmetric auxin reflow under gravistimulation |
|
| (ARF7, BIP, IAA21, IAA23, IAA25, MSG1, NPH4, TIR5, AT5G20730) (ARF11, ARF19, IAA22, AT1G19220) double mutants |
show |
agravitropic root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NPY proteins |
direct partners are |
not known |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LZY4 |
is expressed in |
root tip |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LZY2 and LZY3 |
function in |
both shoot and root gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) family proteins |
localization in gravity-sensing cells is yet unknown |
gravity-sensing cells |
|
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) efflux facilitators |
initiate |
asymmetric auxin redistribution |
|
| LZY1, LZY2, LZY3, and LZY4 |
are expressed in |
gravity-sensing cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| actin-mediated and PID-mediated mechanisms |
mediate |
(ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) symmetry re-establishment in endodermis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsYUC1 overexpression |
caused |
defective gravitropism |
Oryza sativa |
| Heatin |
did not interfere with |
gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mechanosensitive channels |
have been implicated in |
perception of gravity |
|
| gravitropism |
ensures |
shoots grow upwards into air |
|
| silique (or fruit) |
might have fundamentally the same gravitropism as |
stem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pedicel growth angle |
did not change in response to |
3-D clinorotation growth conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropic responses |
allow plants to orient |
roots and shoots in the right directions |
|
| (AGC1-1, D6PK, AT5G55910) kinases |
have been implicated in |
gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravistimulation |
triggers |
(ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) relocation to basal side of endodermis cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root columella cells |
are involved in |
gravitropism in root organs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LZY2 |
is expressed in |
shoot endodermal cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| restoration of AUX1- and PIN3-mediated lateral auxin gradient |
protects |
root gravitropism under ammonium |
|
| Col-0 roots |
corrected significantly further than |
jaz4-1 roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| diversity of characters involved in gravitropic reaction |
may contribute to |
differentiation of height growth strategies among young tropical trees |
|
| biomechanical model |
was used to separate |
effects of increasing self-weight and balancing gravitropic reaction |
|
| gravitropism |
is |
directional control of plant organ growth in response to gravity |
|
| NPY genes |
are hypothesized to be important for |
gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABR, PID, AT2G34650) overexpression |
results in decrease in |
gravitropic response |
|
| diversity in gravitropic efficiency |
may contribute to |
differentiation of height growth strategies among young tropical trees |
|
| autotropic straightening movement |
is revealed by |
very non-uniform change in curvature along the stem |
|
| actin–myosin XI interactions |
act as sensor for |
plant posture |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LZY1 |
is located in |
nucleus |
|
| auxin maximum in lower hypocotyl |
stimulates |
differential growth and bending of hypocotyl against gravity vector |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| myosin XI knockout |
exhibit hyperbending of stems in response to |
gravity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) |
displays uniform distribution in |
root columella cells |
|
| pldζ1 mutant |
displays |
exaggerated gravitropic response induced by salt |
|
| high-affinity auxin influx carrier |
is involved in |
root gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plates |
rotated 90° and returned to |
darkness for additional 24 h |
|
| (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) family proteins |
have |
conserved localization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) family proteins |
have |
conserved functional domain |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP 3) |
is generated rapidly upon |
gravistimulation in plant tissues |
|
| PIN proteins |
are essential for |
root gravitropism |
|
| overexpressed (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
results in |
enhanced tropistic response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| growth response of plants to altered gravity conditions |
is |
plant specific |
|
| inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) production |
is required for |
indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-dependent asymmetric growth of the pulvini and gravitropic curvature |
Zea mays; Avena sativa |
| inhibitors of NOS and NR |
did not completely abolish |
fluorescent signal from DAF in gravitropic bending of root |
Glycine max |
| flavonoid mutant's altered gravitational response |
was eventually corrected in |
roots or aerial tissues |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| roots |
show |
positive gravitropism |
|
| jaz4-1 roots |
show |
gravitropic effect |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravity-sensing cells |
contain |
high-density starch-accumulating amyloplasts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35S::MPID overexpression line |
did not alter |
root gravitropism |
|
| seedlings |
rotated 90° and grown for 24 hours in darkness |
gravitropic response assay |
|
| shoots |
grow against |
direction of gravity |
|
| xyloglucanase (AaXEG2) overexpression |
results in |
less gravitropism |
Populus trichocarpa |
| (ATCNGC11, CNGC11, AT2G46440) and (ATCNGC12, CNGC12, AT2G46450) null mutants |
exhibit attenuations in |
gravitropic responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| statolith position |
affects |
local changes in [Ca2+]i |
|
| enhanced auxin redistribution in bending regions |
is mainly due to |
root gravitropism and anti-gravitropism of hypocotyl |
|
| microgravity environment of space |
altered |
angle of lateral organ growth with respect to the main stem |
|
| stem curvature |
depends on |
diameter growth |
|
| gravitropic movements |
occur in |
woody stems |
|
| NPA application or saturation of tissues with picloram |
disturbs |
coordinated gravity-directed growth (gravitropic response) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LZY1 |
is located in |
plasma membrane |
|
| Cholodney–Went hypothesis |
is |
hypothesis on mechanism of gravitropism |
|
| lateral organs |
are maintained at |
particular angles with respect to the gravity vector during different stages of growth |
|
| SCAR complex subunit mutants |
do not have significantly altered |
root gravitropic responses |
|
| embryos reached the heart stage of development at ∼5 DAF |
corresponded to most pronounced response of siliques (e.g. P5 and P6) to |
3-D clinorotation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pedicels of pro35S::KNAT1 plants |
were insensitive to |
3-D clinorotation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropic response |
was reduced in D132 and RNAi-CLA4 transgenic seedlings compared with |
D132-NIL and sibling control seedlings |
Zea mays |
| 35S::PID overexpression line |
altered |
hypocotyl gravitropism |
|
| gravitropism |
ensures |
roots grow down into soil |
|
| gravi-stimulation |
induces |
asymmetric (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) distribution |
|
| plants grown in microgravity environment of space |
exhibited |
automorphogensis |
|
| most plant organs |
remain at |
particular angle with respect to the vertical growth axis |
|
| RAP2.4-ox seedlings |
exhibit enhanced negative gravitropic growth under |
continuous red light |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DAF-2DA probe |
has revealed |
detection of asymmetric intracellular NO during gravitropic bending of soybean roots |
Glycine max |
| statoliths sedimentation and membrane deformation |
affects |
cell expansion and growth |
|
| root gravitropism |
is not under the exclusive control of |
auxin |
|
| direction of lateral organ growth |
might reflect |
balance between the forces of negative and positive gravitropism |
|
| Arabidopsis siliques |
formed upward angles on |
inflorescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| normal siliques (with developing seeds) |
showed no difference in angles compared to empty siliques under |
1 g control growth condition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lazy (la) mutant in rice |
is |
agravitropic mutant |
Oryza sativa |
| MSBP1-overexpressing seedlings |
show reduced sensitivity to |
NPA inhibition of root gravity response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| presence of developing seeds in the siliques |
is essential for |
pedicel response to altered gravity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| microtubule elimination |
blocks |
redistribution of auxin flow by gravitropic stimulation |
|
| vertical germination and growth assays |
are performed with plates placed |
vertically on a rack |
|
| reduced sensitivity to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the absence of inositolpolyphosphates |
is in line with |
reduced gravitropic curvature responses in InsP5-ptase plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 3-D clinorotated growth condition |
significantly increased |
angle between inflorescent stem and pedicels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pedicels of siliques containing unfertilized, aborted seeds |
did not respond to |
3-D clinorotation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| suppression of microtubule dynamics |
blocks |
redistribution of auxin flow by gravitropic stimulation |
Oryza sativa |
| mutations in (ATSYP22, ATVAM3, SGR3, SYP22, VAM3, AT5G46860) (= (AtGDPD1, GDPD1, SRG3, AT3G02040) ) |
suppress |
gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| elongated branch point cells |
might contribute to |
pedicel response to altered gravity |
|
| plants overexpressing (ABR, PID, AT2G34650) |
reduce |
relocalization of (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) upon gravistimulation in root and shoot |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nph4map1 mutant seedlings |
exhibit alterations in |
root gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RAP2.4-ox seedlings |
exhibit enhanced negative gravitropic growth under |
continuous far-red light |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| starch–statolith hypothesis |
is |
hypothesis on mechanism of gravitropism |
|
| gravitropic reaction in woody stems |
is achieved by |
induction of asymmetric maturation stress in newly formed growth ring |
|
| auxin transporter (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
is required for |
correct gravitropic response in the roots |
|
| growth angles of pedicels under the 2-D horizontal rotation condition |
were apparently larger than |
growth angles in both the vertical and stationary condition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropic efficiency |
is expected to be larger in species producing |
large amount of tension wood located on upper side of tilted stem |
|
| (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) family genes |
share |
common molecular function in plant gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARAC4, ATRAC4, ATROP2, ROP2, AT1G20090) overexpression |
increases |
gravity responsiveness |
|
| Arabidopsis plants with two siliques |
grew for 5 d under |
simulated microgravity condition on a 3-D clinostat |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pedicels of plants grown on a rotating 3-D clinostat |
pedicel positioning is affected by |
altered gravity |
|
| stem re-orientations |
are costly in |
woody plants |
|
| shade-tolerant species |
have smaller |
efficiency of gravitropic reaction |
|
| autotropic movement |
seems to be designed to |
maintain a constant tilt angle in the distal parts while the stem straightens |
|
| LZY6 |
appears not to be expressed in |
gravity-sensing cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 3 d old etiolated F3 progeny |
were scored for |
hypocotyl gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants grown on a 3-D clinostat |
displayed |
architecture similar to that of space-grown plants |
|
| clinorotated plants |
showed stem–pedicel angles ranging from |
40° to 100° |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
triggers mechanism of gravitropic bending with concomitant |
asymmetric NO accumulation in the root |
Glycine max |
| gravitropism |
is associated with |
statoliths |
|
| (ARP2, ATARP2, WRM, AT3G27000) /3 complex subunit mutants |
do not have significantly altered |
root gravitropic responses |
|
| shift of the motor process |
is usually termed |
automorphogenesis |
|
| control of gravitropic reaction |
is expected to be influenced by |
plagiotropic or orthotropic habit of stem |
|
| autotropic straightening |
is achieved by |
production of reaction wood on the opposite side of the stem before it overshoots the vertical |
|
| change in tangent angle for C. obtusa and T. melinonii |
is |
non-negligible contribution to the up-righting movement |
Cecropia obtusa; Tachigali melinonii |
| seedlings |
allowed to grow along |
agar surface |
|
| MSBP1-deficient seedlings |
show reduced |
hypocotyl anti-gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MSBP1-deficient plants |
show almost undetectable |
asymmetric auxin distribution after 4 h gravi-stimulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Pedicels at early development stage |
did not respond to |
3-D clinorotation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genetic or pharmacological interference with the late (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) polarization |
prevents |
termination of the response |
|
| xiao mutant |
had |
enhanced gravitropism of roots |
Oryza sativa |
| gravitropic efficiency |
quantifies |
intrinsic efficiency of the gravitropic mechanism |
|
| other species |
started up-righting mainly by |
distal parts |
|
| curvature analysis |
was used to analyse |
up-righting response along the stems |
|
| gravitropic reaction in woody stems |
is necessarily related to |
diameter growth increments |
|
| trajectory parallel to the diagonal |
indicates |
changes in curvature occurring in the middle and distal parts of the stem compensate each other |
|
| autotropic counter-curving process |
takes place for all species before |
stem is close to the vertical |
|
| stem curvature in distal parts |
decreases strongly until reaching values close to 0 |
during autotropic straightening |
|
| change in proximal angle |
is due to |
large changes in curvature occurring in the basal part of the stem |
|
| cortical arrays |
change during |
tropic responses to gravity |
|
| gravity-mediated redirection of PIN3-mediated auxin flow |
redirects auxin fluxes at different time points of |
gravity response |
|
| (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) mutant |
shows |
nearly prostrate growth habit |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) mutant |
shows slower response than |
wild-type inflorescence stem gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tree orientation in angiosperms |
is based on |
production of high tensile stress on the upper side of the inclined axis |
|
| efficiency of gravitropic reaction |
differed between |
species |
|
| gravitropic movements |
are based on |
common mechanism associated with similar dynamic patterns |
|
| functional diversity of gravitropic reaction |
has possible relationship with |
ecological or developmental traits |
|
| basal part of the stem |
still rights-up during the third phase |
species with stabilized distal angle |
|
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
polarity changes in response to |
gravity stimulation |
|
| DR5-GUS control plants |
show extending auxin distribution basipetally along lower side in ~47% of plants after 6 h gravi-stimulation |
asymmetric auxin distribution |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MSBP1-deficient plants |
show small proportion with asymmetric auxin distribution after 6 h gravi-stimulation |
asymmetric auxin distribution |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis plants exposed to 3-D clinorotation |
exhibited altered architecture characterized by |
orthogonal or downward-oriented siliques |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants grown in a 2-D vertical clinorotation condition |
pedicel angles were not statistically different from |
stationary control |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| up-righting movement |
was measured over |
three months |
|
| efficient gravitropic reaction |
corrects |
mechanical perturbations |
|
| trajectories during the third phase for D. guianensis |
are almost horizontal |
distal part of the stem is stabilized at a non-zero angle from vertical |
Dicorynia guianensis |
| gravity perception and signal transduction |
is followed by |
differential growth |
|
| glucose (Glc) application |
caused a significant decrease in |
bending of roots upon gravistimulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropic response |
was compared with |
D132-NIL and sibling control seedlings |
|
| efficient gravitropic reaction |
is essential for |
successful height growth and light interception |
|
| phytohormones |
mediates |
differential growth response with respect to gravity |
|
| stem curvature |
depends on |
efficiency of the gravitropic reaction |
|
| heliophilic species |
have equilibrium angle closer to |
vertical |
|
| (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) mutant in Arabidopsis |
is |
agravitropic mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| up-righting movement in stems that stabilize at a non-zero angle |
is followed by |
decrease in curvature mainly located in the distal part during the last period |
|
| mutations in (ATVTI11, ATVTI1A, ITT3, SGR4, VTI11, VTI1A, ZIG, ZIG1, AT5G39510) (= ) |
exhibit |
abnormal distribution of endodermal statoliths |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) localization to lower membrane of root cap columella |
contributes to |
establishment of lateral auxin gradient across root cap |
|
| aux1-201 allele |
exhibits response intermediate between |
aux1-113 and aux1-7 and aux1-105 alleles |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (BP, BP1, KNAT1, AT4G08150) expression |
has relationship with |
pedicel gravity response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| downward-oriented siliques of bp mutant |
is similar to |
morphology of wild-type plants grown on clinostat |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin redistribution during gravitropic responses |
is affected by |
auxin distribution |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| variations in TOL6:mCherry distribution |
are reminiscent of |
variable (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) distribution upon gravistimulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin influx carrier AUXIN RESISTANT 1 (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
plays important roles in |
auxin transport from the root tip to differentiated tissues during the gravitropic response |
|
| curvature analysis |
was used to study |
dynamics and kinematics of up-righting movement |
|
| all species |
are decreasing both |
proximal and distal angles during the second phase |
|
| trajectories during the third phase for C. obtusa |
are almost horizontal |
distal part of the stem is stabilized at a non-zero angle from vertical |
Cecropia obtusa |
| maturation shrinkage of fibre secondary wall |
is induced by |
induction of asymmetric maturation stress in newly formed growth ring |
|
| angle of equilibrium of stems |
have been analysed to provide |
first evaluation of functional diversity of gravitropic reaction |
|
| plant annexins |
are expressed during |
differential growth during gravitropism |
|
| detailed function of OMT, GXM, and HMT |
in determination of setpoint angle of barley seminal roots by interacting with EGT2 |
remains to be investigated in future studies |
Hordeum vulgare |
| gravistimulation |
regulates |
growth direction |
|
| D132-NIL seedlings |
recovered vertical growth in less than |
8 hours after being positioned horizontally in dark |
|
| spk1-1 mutant seedlings |
showed altered |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) levels after gravistimulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) mutant |
shows slower bending during |
initial hour of gravitropic response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pAtLAZY1:AtLAZY1-eGFP |
rescues |
(AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) branch angle phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lack of auxin transport inhibition during oscillations from positive to negative gravitropic responses |
possibly caused |
root looping phenotype in (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropic efficiency |
have been analysed to provide |
first evaluation of functional diversity of gravitropic reaction |
|
| WT barley roots |
angle adjustment of |
10° after 3 h of rotation |
Hordeum vulgare |
| Mp (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) pro Mp Mp -Citrine /Mp and wild-type thalli positioned dorsal side down |
showed re-orientation of |
new thallus growth |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) |
affects |
magnitude of growth differential across hypocotyl |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pif quadruple mutant (pifQ) |
displays |
disrupted negative gravitropism of hypocotyls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant roots |
need to overcome the signal from |
gravity |
|
| pks1pks2pks4 mutant |
showed gravitropism with |
same kinetics irrespective of cotyledon position |
|
| ROS-related processes |
supports hypothesis of |
critical role of EGT2 in regulating root gravitropic bending |
Hordeum vulgare |
| gravitropic response |
was reduced in |
D132 and RNAi-CLA4 transgenic seedlings |
|
| shoot gravitropism |
leads to |
alteration in leaf angle (LA) |
Zea mays |
| Arabidopsis wild-type (Col-0) inflorescence stems |
bend upward when |
gravistimulated by horizontal placement |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root bending |
results from |
differential lateral auxin fluxes due to gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant organs |
guide their growth at a specified angle from |
gravity vector |
|
| lazy mutant in maize |
is |
agravitropic mutant |
Zea mays |
| spk1-4 mutant |
showed reduced sensitivity to |
gravistimulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shoot gravitropism of Arabidopsis |
is |
physiological phenotype that most sensitively indicates state of TGN to PVC/vacuole vesicle trafficking |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| zig-1 mutant of Arabidopsis |
shows |
little shoot gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedling roots |
subjected to |
root bending assay |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCESA3, ATH-B, CESA3, CEV1, ELI1, IXR1, MRE1, AT5G05170) je5; (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) ::PIN1-HA |
showed partial restoration of |
gravitropic response and growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TOL accumulation at PM of lower epidermis cells |
might promote |
resetting of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) levels during later stages of gravitropic root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) polarization to the opposite cell side |
depletes |
auxin maximum |
|
| loss of geotropism |
causes |
tiller-spreading phenotype in leaf blade |
Oryza sativa |
| disruption of the PAT regulator ZmLA1 |
resulted in |
prostrate growth phenotypes with reduced shoot gravitropism |
Zea mays |
| (AtZIP1, ZIP1, AT3G12750) zig-1 double mutant |
had |
gravitropic response similar to wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pks1pks2pks4 mutant |
shows |
normal negative hypocotyl gravitropism in darkness |
|
| NO and cGMP |
are implicated in |
gravitropism |
|
| PABA |
promotes |
root gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| D132 seedlings |
required |
12 hours to recover vertical growth |
|
| ZmCLA4 |
regulates |
shoot gravitropism |
Zea mays |
| auxin |
is responsible for |
gravity responses |
|
| Arabidopsis wild-type (Col-0) inflorescence stems |
become nearly perpendicular in |
approximately 90 min |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin-ethylene cross talk |
is necessary for |
root gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| caulonema filaments in Δ ftsZ3 mutants |
had lost |
gravitropic response |
Physcomitrella patens |
| br2 mutant roots |
have reduced |
gravitropic growth responses |
Zea mays |
| (SPK1, AT4G16340) |
is required for |
PIN2-mediated root gravitropic responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| elongation zone |
displayed by far the most |
differentially expressed genes (DEGs) |
Hordeum vulgare |
| ZmCIPK15 |
functions in regulating |
maize root angles |
Zea mays |
| (VPS26A, AT5G53530) and (VPS35A, ZIP3, AT2G17790) mutations |
were identified in suppressor screen of |
(ATVTI11, ATVTI1A, ITT3, SGR4, VTI11, VTI1A, ZIG, ZIG1, AT5G39510) shoot gravitropic phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| xerotropism |
indicates |
enhanced root downward growth guided by gravity upon water stress |
|
| repp mutants |
showed |
positive gravitropic response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| differential growth in apical elongation zone |
pushes subapical root region upward against |
resistance of surrounding agar |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| depletion of auxin maximum |
ends |
bending |
|
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
is implicated in |
gravitropism response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PABA-promoted root gravitropism |
is dependent on |
ethylene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN3-mediated auxin flow toward the lower hypocotyl side |
causes auxin to gradually accumulate and promote |
growth |
|
| pAtLAZY1:AtLAZY1 K252A/K253A |
rescues |
(AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) branch angle phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pAtLAZY1:AtLAZY1-eGFP K252A/K253A |
rescues |
(AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) branch angle phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropism |
involves |
asymmetric growth response |
|
| nuclear localization of (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) |
is not required for |
(AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) function in control of gravitropic branch orientation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NR23 |
exhibited |
normal gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FER, AT3G51550) mutants encountering barrier |
form similar initial slippage bend but show |
little-to-no subsequent raising of subapical root regions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pks1pks2pks4 mutant |
shows |
enhanced gravi-reorientation |
|
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) |
repolarizes to the cellular side facing the ground in response to |
gravity |
Populus trichocarpa |
| dynamic changes in (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) protein redistribution |
are important for |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) function in root gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropic responses |
relies on |
dynamic changes of auxin distribution |
|
| mel1234 loss-of-function mutants |
exhibit |
agravitropic pin2-like root phenotypes |
|
| pks1pks2pks4 triple mutant |
shows no influence of cotyledon position on |
gravitropic response |
|
| (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) primary inflorescence stems |
show significantly reduced bending rate during |
first hour of gravitropism response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED 2 (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
plays important roles in |
auxin transport from the root tip to differentiated tissues during the gravitropic response |
|
| anatomical characters associated with efficiency of gravitropic reaction |
differed between |
species |
|
| traits determining gravitropic reaction |
may contribute to |
differentiation of ecological strategies |
|
| bending moment from asymmetric maturation shrinkage |
curves up |
stem |
|
| rate of change in curvature |
is inversely proportional to |
stem cross-sectional area |
|
| light-demanding species seedlings |
are expected to have |
gravitropic reaction that reorients stem quickly and efficiently towards vertical |
|
| resetting of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) levels during later stages of gravitropic root growth |
avoids |
excess root bending |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| asymmetric growth response |
results in |
organ bending |
|
| stabilized SAUR fusion proteins expression |
alters |
tropic responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) mutants |
show |
reduced gravitropic response |
Oryza sativa |
| repp3 roots |
showed |
positive gravitropic response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutations that impair responses to gravity |
commonly affect |
angle at which lateral organs are held |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa |
| large retromer complex consisting of (VPS26A, AT5G53530) and (VPS35A, ZIP3, AT2G17790) |
is critical for |
shoot gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATVTI11, ATVTI1A, ITT3, SGR4, VTI11, VTI1A, ZIG, ZIG1, AT5G39510) |
is essential for |
shoot gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| EXO70A3ox and pin4-3 cross |
shows variance phenotype of |
pin4-3 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATEXO70A3, EXO70A3, EXOCYST70A3, AT5G52350) overexpression and mutant lines |
exert control of gravitropism less precisely in |
pin4-3 mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| horizontal reorientation of control seedlings |
caused |
preferential DR5::GFP expression along lower side of root |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| spk1-1 seedlings |
showed less pronounced |
asymmetric DR5::GFP expression at lower side of lateral root cap |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| variations in TOL6:mCherry distribution |
point to |
dynamic adjustments in TOL-controlled endocytic sorting processes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropic response |
was explored in |
D132, D132-NIL, RNAi transgenic lines, and sibling control plants |
|
| transgenic (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) ::PIN1-HA into mutant background |
does not rescue |
agravitropic root growth of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravity stimulation |
polarizes |
PIN-FORMED3 (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) |
|
| four-day-old seedlings grown in half-strength MS media containing 1% sucrose |
are turned 90° and incubated for |
24 h |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phytochromes |
suppress |
hypocotyl negative gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| spk1-1 mutant |
showed reduced sensitivity to |
gravistimulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| vacuolar targeting of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) at upper epidermis of horizontally positioned root tips |
reinforces |
establishment of lateral auxin gradients |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravistimulation in egt2 elongation zone |
induced |
differential expression of thousands of EGT2-regulated genes |
Hordeum vulgare |
| control root tips |
achieved |
90° root tip angle by 4 h |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravity (vertical rotation) |
is one of |
12 specific treatments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropism |
uses |
two ARFs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsIAA3 |
is involved in |
response to gravity |
|
| Arabidopsis seedlings germinated and grown in space |
showed |
little gravitropic growth under continuous microgravity conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytoplasmic pH |
increased from |
pH 7.2 to pH 7.6 during gravistimulation |
|
| genes in modules with genotype correlation |
are potential components involved in regulating |
gravitropic response and AGO |
Hordeum vulgare |
| Arabidopsis seedlings |
possess |
rapid gravity-sensing mechanism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dark-grown wild-type seedlings grown on 5 μM BFA |
display |
strong negative gravitropism defect |
|
| depletion of Arabidopsis Separase (AtESP) |
inhibits |
gravitropic response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Depletion of either AtESP or AtESP-interacting Kin7.3-clade proteins |
induces |
perturbed root gravitropic response |
|
| gravity |
affects |
angle between the inflorescence stem and fruit pedicel |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| EGT2 |
mediates root gravitropism through |
regulation of AGO |
Hordeum vulgare |
| embryos placed in horizontal position or upside-down in vertical position |
were stimulated with |
gravity for 6 h |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMYB1, MYB1, SRM1, AT3G09230) mutant |
shows significantly retarded |
root gravitropic response |
Oryza sativa |
| EGT2 |
might not play an important role in |
gravity perception in root cap |
Hordeum vulgare |
| protein phosphorylation |
plays a critical role in |
root gravitropism |
|
| plant cell wall organization |
supports hypothesis of |
critical role of EGT2 in regulating root gravitropic bending |
Hordeum vulgare |
| tolQ |
shows |
significant delay in reorientation of root growth in response to gravity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of (ABCB4, AtABCB4, ATPGP4, MDR4, PGP4, AT2G47000) function |
alters |
timing and spatial pattern of gravitropic curvature development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transition zone |
roots initiate responses to |
gravity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| EGT1 |
mediates |
AGO |
Hordeum vulgare |
| pifq mutant seedlings |
display |
disrupted negative gravitropism in the dark |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravity-responsive genes |
showed no overlap with |
genes regulated by EGT2 in meristem |
Hordeum vulgare |
| antigravitropic offset (AGO) |
counteracts |
gravitropism |
|
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) |
is required for |
gravitropic responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
is required for |
gravitropic responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropism |
has no significant effect on |
phosphate (Pi) dependency |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis CNGC s |
have been implicated in |
gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| stabilized 3×GFP:bdl protein |
interfered with |
gravitropic growth of inflorescence branches |
|
| strong agravitropic root growth phenotypes |
are |
hallmark feature of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) alleles |
|
| WEEP |
has role in |
shoot gravitropism |
Prunus persica |
| EGT2-regulated gravity-responsive genes |
were regulated in opposite direction in |
WT gravistimulation time-course experiment and pairwise comparisons of egt2 and WT roots |
Hordeum vulgare |
| modules correlated only with WT at some time point after gravistimulation |
might be involved in |
EGT2-independent gravitropism |
Hordeum vulgare |
| hub genes of significantly correlated modules in elongation zone |
were regulated by |
gravity and/or EGT2 |
Hordeum vulgare |
| plant cell wall and ROS-related processes |
might be involved in |
EGT2-controlled root gravitropic response |
Hordeum vulgare |
| EGT2 |
might suppress expression of |
gravity-responsive genes that play a positive role in root gravitropism |
Hordeum vulgare |
| asymmetrical elongation of cells on two sides of gravistimulated root |
leads to |
gravitropic root bending in direction of gravity |
|
| PIN-mediated auxin redistribution |
is critical for |
gravitropic growth |
|
| kin7.1kin7.3kin7.5 triple mutant |
shows reduced |
root tip curvature in gravitropism assay |
|
| (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) |
is epistatic to |
pch mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropism |
allows plants to grow stems straight in |
air |
|
| phosphorylation of PIN proteins by AGC kinases |
is still an open question whether it is part of |
mechanism for converting gravity signals to auxin flow |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NO and auxin |
have been linked in |
root gravitrophic bending |
|
| asymmetric auxin translocation following gravistimulation |
is required for |
gravitropic root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FHY2, FRE1, HY8, PHYA, AT1G09570) mutants |
show diminished ability to reorient hypocotyl upon |
gravitropism in darkness |
|
| lateral roots of pgm-1 mutants |
demonstrate |
wild-type rates of gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phosphoglucomutase (ATPGMP, PGM, PGM1, STF1, AT5G51820) mutant |
was |
gravitropic |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pAtLAZY1:AtLAZY1-eGFP construct |
rescues |
(AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) aberrant branch angle phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropism |
is more effective when |
cotyledons face downwards |
|
| pin3pin4pin7 hypocotyl |
does not grow against the gravity vector in |
darkness |
|
| lateral roots |
is subject of |
analysis of gravitropic responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| perturbation of (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) and (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) cycling in (ATEXO70A1, EXO70A1, AT5G03540) mutants |
is not so severe to |
alter gravitropic root responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hypocotyls with cotyledons that face downwards |
show |
more rapid gravitropic response |
|
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
is required for |
root gravitropism |
|
| abnormal localization of (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) |
is required for |
pronounced disturbance of quick root gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AESP, AESP1, ESP, RSW4, AT4G22970) mutant |
shows |
delayed gravitropic response |
|
| sensory microtubules |
participate in alignment with |
gravity-dependent load |
|
| Arabidopsis thaliana (ATEXO70A1, EXO70A1, AT5G03540) mutant |
exhibits reduced level of |
statolite starch |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pks1pks2pks4 mutant |
displayed smaller bending difference dependent upon cotyledon position during |
gravitropism |
|
| gravitropic signal |
is perceived by |
columella cells in root tip |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABR, PID, AT2G34650) /WAG proteins |
regulates |
gravitropism in both shoots and roots |
|
| root gravitropism |
enables plants to adjust |
root growth direction |
|
| egt2 mutant |
shows |
enhanced root gravitropism |
Hordeum vulgare |
| auxin feedback on PIN-FORMED3 (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) polarization |
restores |
symmetry of PIN3-dependent auxin flow |
|
| jaz4-1 root curvature angle |
was recorded near |
50° correction point |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AP-3 beta, PAT2, WAT1, AT3G55480) loss-of-function mutant |
has defect in |
shoot gravitropic response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PKS genes role in hypocotyl gravi-reorientation |
is independent of |
photoreceptors |
Arabidopsis |
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) phosphorylation |
is relevant to |
plant gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis thaliana (ATEXO70A1, EXO70A1, AT5G03540) mutant |
shows 25% of primary roots with disorientation greater than |
45 degrees from gravity vector |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pks1pks2pks4 hypocotyl |
grows against the gravity vector in |
darkness |
|
| impaired root gravitropism |
is expected result of |
reduced auxin differential in gravistimulated roots caused by NPPB blockage of ABCB channel function |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) loss of function mutant |
results in |
agravitropic root growth |
|
| gravity perception in root cap |
involves less transcriptomic regulation than |
gravitropic bending in elongation zone |
Hordeum vulgare |
| rhizoid growth |
had |
no observed gravitropic component |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| LZY5 |
appears not to be expressed in |
gravity-sensing cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) relocation to basal side of endodermis cells in upper hypocotyl |
redirects |
flow of auxin towards lower hypocotyl side |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| asymmetric expression of (HOS9, PFS2, WOX6, AT2G01500) and (WOX11, AT3G03660) |
modulates |
tiller angle |
|
| strigolactones (SLs) |
regulate |
rice tiller angle |
|
| multifaceted approach and interdisciplinary research |
will help unravel |
intricate mechanisms of how plants sense and respond to gravity |
|
| LjLAZY3 deficiency |
does not influence |
amyloplast sedimentation |
Lotus japonicus |
| mutant and wild-type seedlings |
showed nearly similar time course of |
geotropic curvature |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| sec24a-2 mutant roots |
are able to properly respond to |
gravity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CKRC1, SAV3, TAA1, TIR2, WEI8, AT1G70560) roots |
failed to properly orient growth with respect to |
gravity vector |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| asymmetric auxin gradient |
is instrumental in |
signal transduction from columella to elongation zone |
|
| cell wall-related processes |
is closely related to |
asymmetric cell elongation in distal elongation zone of gravistimulated roots |
|
| EGT2 |
regulates targets in |
elongation zone to control root gravitropism |
Hordeum vulgare |
| caulonema |
grows negatively gravitropic in |
absence of light |
Physcomitrella patens |
| jasmonic acid (JA) and auxin interaction |
regulates |
coleoptile gravitropism |
|
| auxin gradient |
leads to |
asymmetric growth |
|
| Arabidopsis AGCVIII kinases |
provide insight into |
auxin transport in plant gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| control seedlings |
display |
high GFP signal indicative of auxin levels along lower flank of root |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seedlings treated with 10 µm NPPB |
achieved |
only 48° root tip angle by 4 h |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| empty plastids |
may trigger |
residual gravitropic responses because of their mass |
|
| WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (WOX11, AT3G03660) |
regulates |
rice tiller angle |
|
| WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX6 (HOS9, PFS2, WOX6, AT2G01500) and (WOX11, AT3G03660) |
are core components that act downstream of |
auxin |
|
| Mtpin2 mutant roots |
show less gravitropic response compared with |
wild-type roots |
Medicago truncatula |
| (ARF7, BIP, IAA21, IAA23, IAA25, MSG1, NPH4, TIR5, AT5G20730) (ARF11, ARF19, IAA22, AT1G19220) double mutant |
impairs |
root response to gravity |
|
| functional loss of AP-3 |
caused slight defects in |
gravitropic responses |
|
| NPPB (5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid) treatment at 10 µm |
greatly slowed |
development of gravitropic bending |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtIAMT1, IAMT1, AT5G55250) overexpression |
disrupts |
gravitropic responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| roots of the three zmpgp1 mutant seedlings |
showed |
less gravitropic responses |
Zea mays |
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) loss of function mutant |
results in |
agravitropic root growth |
|
| gravity sensing in moss protonema |
is restricted to |
growing tip cells |
Physcomitrella patens |
| GO enrichment analysis |
identified |
gravitropism functions |
Zea mays |
| gravitropism |
is |
directional control of growth in response to gravity |
|
| expression level of (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) family genes |
determines |
magnitude of gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| specialized cells in plant organs |
can sense |
direction of gravity |
|
| gravity-induced auxin gradient across the root |
is less rapidly dissipated by normal shootward (basipetal) transport of the hormone through the elongation zone |
gravitropic curvature development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATEXO70A3, EXO70A3, EXOCYST70A3, AT5G52350) mutant lines |
do not alter |
number of gravity perceiving statocytes and statoliths |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pin4-3 knockout mutants |
show dynamic root gravitropic response similar to |
Col-0 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATWRKY52, RRS1, RRS1-R, SLH1, AT5G45260) |
partially affected |
gravitropism |
|
| continuous hypergravity conditions applied parallel to growth axis |
caused |
morphological changes (e.g. alterations in hypocotyl length and diameter) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsPIN1-RNAi plants |
showed |
wider tiller angle |
Oryza sativa |
| K252A/K253A mutations |
do not significantly affect |
rescue of (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mpk1-1, mkk3-1, rbk1-2, mpk1-1 rbk1-2, and rop2i rop4-1 seedlings |
displayed response similar to |
wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN |
is fundamentally linked to |
orthotropism |
|
| asymmetric distribution of ROS in distal elongation zone |
promotes |
root gravitropic bending |
|
| gravistimulation less than 1 g (e.g. 0.39 g–0.93 g) created by centrifugation in space |
induces |
reduced gravitropic curvature |
Lens culinaris |
| OsHOX28 |
positively regulates |
rice tiller angle |
|
| AtLAZY3/LZY4 |
is responsible for |
root gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtLAZY2, AtNGR1, DRO3, LAZY2, AT1G17400) /LZY2 |
is involved in |
shoot and root gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| snx1-1 mutants |
exhibited |
normal root gravitropism |
|
| higher order (AGC1-1, D6PK, AT5G55910) mutants |
exhibit defects in |
negatively gravitropic hypocotyl bending |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) homozygous seedlings |
exhibit |
severe agravitropic growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) (LZY1) |
is |
component acting in the transmission of signals triggered by gravity-sensing statolith relocation |
Oryza sativa L. |
| OsHOX1 |
positively regulates |
rice tiller angle |
|
| AtLAZY5 / LZY5 |
roles in gravitropism remain unexplored |
gravitropism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| apical polar localization of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) in root epidermal cells |
is required for |
asymmetric auxin translocation following gravistimulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| vacuolar accumulation of PIN2:VENUS in upper epidermis of gravistimulated tolQ |
is markedly less than in |
controls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FER, AT3G51550) mutants encountering barrier |
eventually grow |
flat along barrier surface |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| formin family proteins |
have been implicated in regulation of |
gravitropic response |
|
| (TNO1, AT1G24460) mutant |
has |
delayed gravitropic responses |
|
| altered auxin activity |
is trademark of |
reduced response to gravity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Mtpin2 mutant |
formed lateral roots that emerged at |
shallower angle (gravitropic set point angle) |
Medicago truncatula |
| Membrane Steroid Binding Protein 1 (AtMAPR5, ATMP1, MAPR5, MSBP1, AT5G52240) |
overexpression stimulates |
root gravitropism |
|
| transcriptional responses to gravi-stimulation |
suggest existence of |
inositol 1,4,5-trisphospate (IP3)-dependent regulatory pathways |
|
| empty siliques |
did not change significantly in comparison with those of both normal and empty siliques under |
1 g control condition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PABA |
does not suppress |
root-coiling phenotype of pin2wei8wei2 triple mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtLAZY1, LAZY1, AT5G14090) mutant |
lacks |
transient overshooting of final angle |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gravitropic response of primary roots of pgm-1 mutants |
is indistinguishable from |
gravitropic response of lateral roots of wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GGP, VTC2, AT4G26850) mutant |
shows aberrant gravitropic response of |
primary root and lateral roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (WAG2, AT3G14370) |
regulates |
root gravitropic response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RRS1-OE lines |
were insensitive to |
gravity |
|
| (ABR, PID, AT2G34650) /WAG kinases |
are involved in |
gravitropic responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sp2l-4 mutants |
exhibit similar root curvature to |
wild-type seedlings |
|
| columella cells |
sense |
gravity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| weight of the seeds |
influenced |
pedicel response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) influx and (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) efflux carriers |
catalyze |
auxin transport from columella cells to epidermal cells of elongation zone |
|
| starch-rich plastids |
trigger |
re-orientation of the cytoskeleton |
Physcomitrella patens |
| cellulase (AtCel1) overexpression |
results in |
normal gravitropism |
Populus trichocarpa |
| quadruple mutants of Arabidopsis 5PTase family members |
display |
enhanced gravitropic response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rib1 mutant |
shows |
gravity response defects |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PCH1OE and PCHLOE seedlings |
do not respond to changes in |
direction of gravity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |