| GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox) family |
consists of at least |
four members in wheat |
Triticum spp. |
| rate of GA biosynthesis |
is controlled by |
feedback regulatory mechanisms among the genes encoding these biosynthetic enzymes |
|
| dehydration |
represses expression of |
(AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) |
|
| paclobutrazol (PAC) treatment |
exhibits |
significant growth inhibition |
|
| exposure to an inductive long day (LD) photoperiod |
results in |
up-regulation of (AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) |
Lolium perenne; Lolium temulentum |
| GA20-oxidase activity |
is increased under drought |
drought stress |
Zea mays |
| GA metabolism-associated genes |
expression altered under |
drought |
Oryza sativa |
| 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODD genes) |
are critical in regulating |
overall rate of GA biosynthesis |
|
| induction of FT both under long days (LDs) and short days (SDs) |
is associated with |
up-regulation of GA biosynthetic genes in the apices |
Triticum spp. |
| levels of GA precursors |
were also lower in |
Castelporziano (GA53, GA19, and GA20) |
Triticum durum |
| tall parent Anhinga |
produces gibberellins through intermediates |
GA 12, GA 53, GA 44, GA 19, GA 20, and bioactive GA 1 |
|
| posttranscriptional modifications |
mediate |
GA20-oxidase activity increase |
Zea mays |
| 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODD genes) |
catalyze |
latter stages of the GA biosynthetic pathway |
|
| GA 3-oxidases (GA3ox genes) |
catalyze |
conversion of several precursors synthesized by GA20ox to bioactive forms of GA |
|
| suppression of appropriate GA biosynthesis |
contributes to |
drought tolerance in rice |
Oryza sativa |
| chilling exposure |
upregulates expressions of genes associated with |
gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis pathway |
|
| QTL1 |
harbours |
gibberellin biosynthesis gene, SEMIDWARF1 (SD1) |
|
| PsGA3ox1 transgene expression |
led to higher GA 1 concentrations in a tissue-specific and development-specific manner |
GA 1 concentrations |
Pisum sativum |
| GAs (gibberellins) |
are |
GGPP-derived phytohormones |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| plants |
respond to environmental cues by |
alterations in the expression of GA biosynthetic genes |
|
| up-regulation of GA biosynthetic genes in the apices |
does not occur in |
leaves |
Triticum spp. |
| paclobutrazol (PAC) |
inhibits |
GA biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) catabolite GA8 |
was lower in |
both Icaro and Castelporziano |
Triticum durum |
| feedback regulation mechanism |
maintains |
GA homeostasis |
Oryza sativa |
| GA3β-hydroxylase1 (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
less efficiently converts |
GA 20 to GA 1 |
Oryza sativa |
| GA 2-oxidases (GA2ox genes) |
act to reduce |
bioactive GA levels |
|
| (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) GA19, and GA53 levels |
were significantly decreased in |
OsGRF6 |
Oryza sativa |
| low temperature (LT) |
decreases endogenous levels of |
gibberellin A7 (GA7) |
Oryza sativa |
| synthesis of bioactive GAs |
is suppressed under |
low temperature (LT) conditions |
Oryza sativa |
| low temperature (LT) treatment |
reduces |
expression levels of gibberellin biosynthesis gene (ATGA20OX3, GA20OX3, YAP169, AT5G07200) |
Oryza sativa |
| (AtMYB62, BW62B, BW62C, MYB62, AT1G68320) overexpressing plants |
is similar to |
GA-deficient mutants |
|
| low temperature (LT) conditions |
drastically reduce |
(ATGA20OX3, GA20OX3, YAP169, AT5G07200) expression from uninucleate to binucleate stage |
Oryza sativa |
| GA20ox1-OE line (overexpressing citrus CcGA20ox1) |
shows insensitivity to |
BR-mediated decrease of gibberellin levels |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| GA3ox gene |
shows 2–4.5-fold upregulation in |
DcLCYB1-expressing transgenic tobacco lines |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| GA biosynthesis inhibitor uniconazole treatment |
potentiates |
disruption of pollen development under low temperature (LT) conditions |
Oryza sativa |
| GA2oxA9 |
is |
member of C20 GA2-oxidase family |
Triticum durum |
| GA2oxA9 enzyme |
may be specific for |
C20 2-oxidation steps |
Triticum durum |
| (AtMYB62, BW62B, BW62C, MYB62, AT1G68320) overexpressor line |
exhibits reduction in expression of |
gibberellin biosynthetic genes |
|
| bzr1-1D mutant |
has significantly higher |
gibberellin A4 (GA4) levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| low temperature (LT) severely reduces endogenous levels of bioactive GAs |
occurs through |
transcriptional repression of GA biosynthetic genes (ATGA20OX3, GA20OX3, YAP169, AT5G07200) and (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
Oryza sativa |
| OsMIR396d expression |
was typically repressed by |
continuous (PAC, AT2G48120) treatment |
Oryza sativa |
| increase in GA2oxA9 expression observed in Rht18 and Rht14 |
is consistent with the hypothesis that |
increased expression of this gene leads to semidwarfism associated with lower content of bioactive GA |
Triticum durum; Triticum aestivum |
| low temperature (LT) |
decreases endogenous levels of |
gibberellin A4 (GA4) |
Oryza sativa |
| increased gene expression of GA2oxA9 in Icaro relative to Anhinga |
could result in |
lower (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) content and reduced height |
Triticum durum |
| ent-kaurene oxidase d35 gene |
is involved in |
gibberellin biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| semidwarf (sd1) character in japonica rice cultivars |
has |
single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the gibberellin biosynthesis gene (AT2353, ATGA20OX2, GA20OX2, AT5G51810) (sd1) |
Oryza sativa |
| nonfunctional GA2oxA9 protein resulting from newly introduced termination codon in M24 |
is consistent with |
higher GA content in M24 overgrowth mutant |
Triticum durum |
| osgrf6 and DJ seeds |
were pretreated with |
10−5 M (PAC, AT2G48120) or water (control) for 2 d |
Oryza sativa |
| GA 2-oxidase |
metabolizes |
GA biosynthetic intermediates |
Triticum aestivum |
| GA biosynthesis pathway genes OsCPS1, OsKO2, OsGA20ox1, and OsGA20ox3 |
were apparently reduced in |
miROEs compared with ZH10 |
Oryza sativa |
| conversion of GA 12 and GA 53 to inactive GA 110 and GA 97 |
reduces flux in |
gibberellin biosynthetic pathway |
|
| GA biosynthesis |
is regulated mainly by |
transcriptional changes of ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase and ent-kaurene synthase |
|
| GA20ox gene |
shows 2–4.5-fold upregulation in |
DcLCYB1-expressing transgenic tobacco lines |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| rice (SMAX1, AT5G57710) and d3/ transcriptome |
revealed signature consistent with upregulation of |
gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthetic pathway |
Oryza sativa |
| brassinosteroids (BRs) |
may negatively regulate |
gibberellin levels |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| KS gene |
shows 2–4.5-fold upregulation in |
DcLCYB1-expressing transgenic tobacco lines |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| DcLCYB1-expressing transgenic tobacco lines |
show significantly elevated |
(ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) content |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| GGPP |
is precursor for |
GA biosynthesis |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| transgenic DcLCYB1 lines |
had |
increased GA content |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| reduction in gibberellin levels |
can be observed in |
bioactive GAs and most precursors and degradation products |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| favorable allele of GA pathway |
enhances lodging resistance through |
SD1 |
|
| BR treatment |
drastically reduces |
GUS activity in placenta |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| GA58 (12-OH-GA 4) |
was not detected endogenously in |
MdDOX-Co OE transformants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MdDOX-Co OE plants |
show increased expression of |
GA 3-oxidase 1 (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased gibberellin levels in bzr1-1D |
would be consequence of |
upregulation of expression of gibberellin biosynthesis genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KO gene |
was also highly expressed in |
leaf at 80 days after sprouting (80 DAS) |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| favorable allele of GA pathway |
can enhance |
lodging resistance of rice |
|
| low temperature (LT) conditions |
drastically reduce |
(ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) expression from meiotic to binucleate stage |
Oryza sativa |
| GA2oxD9 homeolog |
has been demonstrated to encode |
enzyme that metabolizes GA biosynthetic intermediates |
Triticum aestivum |
| MdDOX-Co |
metabolizes |
GA12 |
|
| five GA20ox and four GA3ox enzymes |
exhibit |
highly localized expression domains |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 12-hydroxylation of GA12 by MdDOX-Co |
results in |
columnar phenotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) |
up-regulates |
PsGA3ox1 transcript levels |
Pisum sativum |
| gibberellin (GA) oxidase genes |
both members of duplicate retained pair are essential for |
normal function in plants |
|
| ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase and ent-kaur-16-ene synthase |
localize to |
plastids |
|
| MdDOX-Co |
ectopic expression causes |
columnar tree shape |
|
| GA 20-OXIDASE2 gene |
is not expressed in |
leaf blade |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LsKS |
encodes |
ent-kaurene synthase |
Lactuca sativa |
| ent-copalyl diphosphate |
is converted to |
ent-kaurene |
|
| SoGA20ox gene |
is involved in |
gibberellin (GA) metabolism |
Sinapis officinale |
| GA 20-oxidases |
act earlier than |
C19-GA 2-oxidases and GA 3-oxidases |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GIBBERELLIN 20 OXIDASE (GA20ox) family |
promotes |
final conversions into bioactive (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) and (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
|
| transgenic DcLCYB1 lines |
showed |
increased transcript levels of key genes involved in gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| promoter–GUS fusions of gibberellin biosynthetic enzymes |
revealed |
highly localized expression in the tip of the radicle during early seed germination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| photoperiod |
regulates |
GA biosynthesis |
|
| ent-kaurene oxidase (KO) and ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO) |
are contained in |
ER membrane |
|
| ent-kaurene |
used as substrate in enzyme assays for |
KO |
|
| upstream regulators of GA biosynthesis |
regulate |
GA biosynthesis |
|
| MdDOX-Co OE plants |
are deficient in |
biologically active gibberellins (GAs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MdDOX-Co OE plants |
show increased expression of |
GA 20-oxidase 2 (AT2353, ATGA20OX2, GA20OX2, AT5G51810) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gibberellin biosynthesis |
occurs in |
plastids |
|
| bioactive gibberellins (GAs) level increase |
is often associated with increased expression of |
20-oxidase GA biosynthetic genes |
|
| ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CPP) synthase |
is conserved in |
all land plants |
|
| (AtTEM1, EDF1, TEM1, AT1G25560) (AtRAV2, EDF2, RAP2.8, RAV2, TEM2, AT1G68840) double mutant |
shows higher |
(ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gse1 mutant (M488, gse1a) |
shows no increase in content of |
GA8 |
|
| GA 20 |
is precursor of |
GA 1 |
Lolium temulentum |
| gibberellin biosynthesis |
occurs in |
cytoplasm |
|
| semi-dwarfism of IR8 |
is due to |
mutation of gibberellin synthesis gene SD1 |
Oryza sativa |
| PAC-treated seedlings |
shows increase in AtGA20ox1::GUS activity predominantly in |
shoot |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LsCPS predicted amino acid sequence |
shows 74% homology with |
Stevia rebaudiana (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) |
Lactuca sativa; Stevia rebaudiana |
| tem mutants |
have higher content of |
bioactive (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GIBBERELLIN 20 OXIDASE (GA20ox) and GIBBERELLIN 3 OXIDASE (GA3ox) families |
localize to |
cytoplasm |
|
| (AT2353, ATGA20OX2, GA20OX2, AT5G51810) |
synthesizes |
bioactive GAs |
Oryza sativa |
| seg8 mutant |
shows delayed and less pronounced increase in |
bioactive GA and GA biosynthetic precursor amounts |
Hordeum vulgare |
| GA 3-oxidases |
catalyze |
conversion of GA9 to (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase |
promotes conversion of |
geranylgeranyl diphosphate to ent-kaurene |
|
| GA biosynthesis genes |
are conserved in |
Eustoma grandiflorum |
Eustoma grandiflorum |
| GA 1 synthesis block |
explains |
dwarfing phenotype |
Pisum sativum |
| reduced SlGA20ox1 expression in RNAi SlARF7 lines |
corresponds to |
reduced concentration of active GA |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| gse1 mutant |
shows deficit of |
C20 gibberellin (GA) precursors |
Hordeum vulgare |
| gse1 mutant (M488, gse1a) |
shows even larger increase in content of |
GA34 |
|
| (AT2353, ATGA20OX2, GA20OX2, AT5G51810) |
is induced efficiently in |
(RGA, RGA1, RGA24, AT2G01570) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SlGA20ox1 |
transcript levels do not increase in |
developing unpollinated fruits of RNAi SlARF7 lines |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (ATGA20OX5, GA20OX5, AT1G44090) |
is one of |
five GA20ox genes in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| precursor GA 20 |
is detected at low levels and fails to show |
same accumulation profile as GA 1 |
Zea mays |
| (IAA3, SHY2, AT1G04240) -2/ mutant |
shows defects in |
transcript levels of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis genes |
|
| (AT2353, ATGA20OX2, GA20OX2, AT5G51810) |
is induced efficiently in |
(GAI, RGA2, AT1G14920) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA 3-oxidases |
catalyze conversion of |
GA9 to (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Le trait |
was caused by mutation of |
GA3ox gene |
|
| D14L signalling pathway |
regulates biosynthesis of concomitant with |
gibberellic acid (GA) |
Oryza sativa |
| regulation of auxin on gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic enzyme-encoding genes |
does not require |
DELLA proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gse1 mutants |
require 100- to 1000-fold higher concentrations than |
GA-deficient mutants |
|
| GST-LsCPS |
incubated with |
GGDP |
|
| bioactive gibberellins (GAs) |
may control their own synthesis through a negative feedback regulation of |
expression of genes of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis |
|
| auxin |
up-regulates |
(AT2353, ATGA20OX2, GA20OX2, AT5G51810) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) |
has no or little effect on |
PsGA20ox1 gene expression |
Pisum sativum |
| (AtIAA17, AXR3, IAA17, AT1G04250) -1/ mutant |
shows defects in |
transcript levels of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis genes |
|
| GA20ox |
over-expression of |
plant size |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) |
expression is up-regulated in |
wild-type (Col-0) Arabidopsis seedlings growing on nutrient agar supplemented with NPA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) co-application with ATI- and auxin-treated seedlings |
causes decrease in AtGA20ox1::GUS activity even though |
auxin status remains unchanged |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ent-kaurene oxidase |
is involved in |
tuber life cycle |
Solanum tuberosum |
| LsGA3ox2 |
is primarily expressed in |
hypocotyl end of lettuce seeds |
Lactuca sativa |
| ent-kaurene |
is converted into |
ent-kaurenoic acid |
|
| LsKS |
encodes |
788 amino acid residues |
|
| ent-kaurenoic acid |
used as substrate in enzyme assays for |
KAO |
|
| 5 μM (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) treatment |
causes down-regulation of |
(AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) mRNA transcript levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| altered auxin distribution |
plays a role in regulating |
(AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| paclobutrazol (PAC) treatment |
causes up-regulation of |
(AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) mRNA transcript levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| paclobutrazol |
has no effect on |
BY-2 cells at any concentration tested |
|
| GST-LsKS |
catalyzes conversion of |
ent-CDP to ent-kaurene |
|
| (AtTEM1, EDF1, TEM1, AT1G25560) overexpression line |
directly represses |
GA biosynthesis genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ent-kaurene oxidase |
converts |
ent-kaurene to gibberellin A12 (GA12) |
|
| upregulation of expression of all five Arabidopsis genes encoding GA-20 oxidases |
might be linked with |
previous increase in IAA levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA 20-OXIDASE2 gene expression |
increases when plants transferred to |
long day (LD) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NPA treatment |
causes at least 4-fold up-regulation of |
AtGA20ox1::GUS activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reaction products |
identified by |
GC-MS as methyl ester derivatives |
|
| LsKO1 and LsKO2 |
convert |
ent-kaurene to ent-kaurenoic acid |
|
| GA 3-oxidase (GA3ox) |
catalyzes |
rate-limiting steps in bioactive GA synthesis |
|
| GA biosynthesis enzymes |
occur in small gene families with |
tissue-specific expression patterns |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA3ox expression in the dark after stratification in (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) mutants |
shows |
clear increase but not in the wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATI treatment |
increases |
AtGA20ox1::GUS activity in shoot |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA 20-OXIDASE2 gene expression in petiole |
increases |
10-fold to 100-fold over first 2–3 hours of starting long day (LD) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) and ent-kaurene synthase (KS) |
are located in |
plastids |
|
| genes coding for the enzymes catalyzing GA biosynthesis in (EAL1, SGR7, SHR, AT4G37650) and (SCR, SGR1, AT3G54220) |
can be partially suppressed by |
mutation of the three RLKs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ent-kaurene oxidase expression level |
is lower in |
Phureja tubers |
Solanum tuberosum |
| NOA treatment |
causes at least 4-fold up-regulation of |
AtGA20ox1::GUS activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| altered GA or auxin status |
determines |
(AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) expression level |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| geranylgeranyl diphosphate |
is converted to |
ent-copalyl diphosphate |
|
| auxin treatment |
increases |
AtGA20ox1::GUS activity in shoot |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bioactive gibberellins |
are biosynthesized from |
geranylgeranyl diphosphate |
|
| recombinant GST-LsKS |
incubated with |
GGDP and GST-LsCPS |
|
| GA-20 oxidases |
regulate |
final rate-limiting steps in GA biosynthesis |
|
| GA 20-OXIDASE2 gene expression in petiole |
declines after |
2–3 hours of starting long day (LD) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| yeast microsomal fractions |
used in |
enzyme assays |
|
| SoGA3ox gene |
is involved in |
gibberellin (GA) metabolism |
Sinapis officinale |
| PIF3-like 5 (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) |
inhibits |
GA3ox expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA 20-oxidases |
convert |
GA 12 and GA 53 to GA 9 and GA 20 |
|
| GA 9 and GA 20 |
are converted to |
GA 1 and GA 4 by 3β-hydroxylation |
|
| NPA treatment |
causes increase of |
(AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) transcripts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) |
is one of |
five GA20ox genes in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATGA20OX5, GA20OX5, AT1G44090) |
indicates |
partial GA20ox activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| far-red-rich long day (LD) |
increases |
gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phytochrome-induced up-regulation of LsGA3ox1 |
causes |
increases in gibberellin A1 |
Lactuca sativa |
| product of GST-LsKS reaction |
analysed by |
GC-MS |
|
| POTH1–StBEL5 heterodimer |
can function only when both TTGAC motifs are intact |
(AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) promoter regulation |
Solanum tuberosum |
| (ATGA20OX3, GA20OX3, YAP169, AT5G07200) |
mRNA levels decreased in |
(AtTudor1, TSN1, Tudor1, AT5G07350) T-DNA insertion mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| spt-10 in dark-stratified seeds |
has |
increased GA3ox transcript levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SPINDLY (SPT) overexpression |
represses |
GA3ox expression under cold stratification conditions |
|
| (AT2353, ATGA20OX2, GA20OX2, AT5G51810) |
is one of |
five GA20ox genes in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AG |
regulates the expression of |
(ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bioactive GAs |
are synthesized through |
complex pathways |
|
| (ATGA20OX5, GA20OX5, AT1G44090) |
can only catalyse |
first two steps in the reaction sequence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LsKAO |
encodes |
493 amino acid residues |
|
| regulation of the synthesis of bioactive gibberellins (GAs) involved in the after-ripening (AR) process |
is subject to |
strong control |
Sinapis officinale |
| (IAA19, MSG2, AT3G15540) -1/ mutant |
shows defects in |
transcript levels of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis genes |
|
| (AT2353, ATGA20OX2, GA20OX2, AT5G51810) (SD1) |
is |
GA biosynthesis gene |
Oryza sativa |
| basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor SPATULA |
represses |
GA3ox expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| positive DIF treatment |
increases levels of |
active gibberellin (GA1) |
Pisum sativum |
| GIBBERELLIN 3 (GA3) |
encodes |
ent-kaurene oxidase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tir3-1 allele of BIG |
is associated with up-regulation of |
(AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtGA20ox1::GUS reporter construct |
is used to monitor |
(AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hpAtGA20ox2#3 RNAi silencing line |
shows |
~90% reduction in 20-OXIDASE2 expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hpAtGA20ox2#12 RNAi control line |
shows |
normal 20-OXIDASE2 expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dephosphorylated product |
identified by |
full-scan GC-MS |
|
| LsKO1 predicted coding region |
shows 71% homology with |
Stevia KO (AY364317) |
Lactuca sativa; Stevia rebaudiana |
| (PAC, AT2G48120) treatment |
causes at least 4-fold up-regulation of |
AtGA20ox1::GUS activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PAC, AT2G48120) treatment |
causes significant decrease in |
AtGA20ox1::GUS reporter activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) gene |
regulates |
early step of gibberellin biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GST-LsCPS product ent-CDP |
converted into |
ent-kaurene |
|
| dehydration |
represses expression of |
(ATGA3OX2, GA3OX2, GA4H, AT1G80340) |
|
| (AtTudor1, TSN1, Tudor1, AT5G07350) (AtTudor2, TSN2, Tudor2, AT5G61780) RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic lines |
display decreased levels of |
(ATGA20OX3, GA20OX3, YAP169, AT5G07200) transcripts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TSN |
modulates |
(ATGA20OX3, GA20OX3, YAP169, AT5G07200) mRNA levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| paclobutrazol (PAC) |
inhibits |
GA biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KNOXI factors |
negatively regulate |
GA biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATI treatment |
causes increase of |
AtGA20ox1::GUS activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG) treatment |
does not affect |
increased AtGA20ox1::GUS activity by ATIs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sodium oxamate treatment |
does not affect |
increased AtGA20ox1::GUS activity by ATIs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA synthesis |
may be reduced in epidermis of |
pdf2-1 hdg2-3 flowers |
|
| GA20-OXIDASE (GA20ox), GA3-OXIDASE (GA3ox), and unidentified GA13-OXIDASE (GA13ox) |
catalyze |
conversion of GA12 to active gibberellins |
|
| KAO |
shows |
elevation of more than twofold in transcript levels in irCDPK4/5 stems |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| DBB1a over-expression phenotype |
could be impaired by |
gibberellin (GA)-biosynthesis inhibitor |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZmGA3ox2 |
encodes |
(ATKO1, CYP701A3, GA3, AT5G25900) β-hydroxylase |
Zea mays |
| increased (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) levels |
was in agreement with |
increased expression levels of GA biosynthesis genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGD) genes involved in gibberellin biosynthesis |
are conserved among |
vascular plants |
|
| GA 20 |
is |
direct biosynthetic precursor of GA 1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis |
is regulated by |
light and temperature |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA3ox levels in 35S:SPT after stratification |
increase but this increase is reduced at least 2-fold in comparison to |
wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Lolium perenne |
is known to have mostly forms of |
C-13-hydroxylated GA pathway |
Lolium perenne |
| GA24 |
shows no significant variation between |
seeds from any plant age group |
Cistus albidus |
| repression of seed germination by SPINDLY (SPT) and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 5 (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) |
may be directly mediated by |
effect on GA3ox expression |
|
| GA3ox transcript levels in stratified (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) mutant seeds in the light |
exceed |
that in wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA 53, GA 44, and GA 19 |
show pattern similar to |
downstream GA 1 |
Zea mays |
| (AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) |
is derived from |
Landsberg erecta (Ler) ecotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE 1 (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
is |
enzyme required for gibberellin biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtTudor1, TSN1, Tudor1, AT5G07350) OE lines |
display phenotypes attributable to |
overproduction of GA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA3ox |
is involved in |
synthesis of bioactive GAs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GIBBERELLIC ACID 3-OXIDASE (GA3OX) |
catalyzes |
final step in active gibberellin biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATGA20OX3, GA20OX3, YAP169, AT5G07200) |
acts redundantly with |
(AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) and (AT2353, ATGA20OX2, GA20OX2, AT5G51810) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) and (ATGA3OX2, GA3OX2, GA4H, AT1G80340) |
require |
synergistic effect of light and low temperatures for high expression in dormant Ler seeds |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| α-Cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (Ancymidol) |
is |
Sigma reagent |
|
| Paclobutrazol (PAC) |
is |
gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor |
|
| TEMPRANILLO 2 (AtRAV2, EDF2, RAP2.8, RAV2, TEM2, AT1G68840) |
represses |
genes encoding the gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE (GA3ox) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KNOX proteins |
simultaneously repress |
gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtTudor1, TSN1, Tudor1, AT5G07350) |
regulates |
(ATGA20OX3, GA20OX3, YAP169, AT5G07200) mRNA levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA3ox expression in dormant wild-type and 35S:SPT lines 24 hr after imbibition in the light |
shows |
low expression in unstratified seeds of both genotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gibberellin 20-oxidase transcript |
is downregulated in |
TR185 mutant |
|
| stratified seeds exposed to light |
show |
large increase in GA3ox expression in Ler and spt-10, but not the germination-unresponsive spt-2 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| irCDPK4/5 × irAOC stems |
contain |
GA12 content of 0.4 ng g−1 fresh mass |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| bioactive (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) |
is formed from |
GA12, GA53, GA44, GA19, and GA20 |
|
| OsDCR-OE plants |
significantly increased |
GA contents |
Oryza sativa |
| NOA treatment |
results in increased staining in |
leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gibberellin A12 and gibberellin A53 |
are converted to |
gibberellin A4 and gibberellin A1 |
|
| tapetum |
is important source of |
bioactive gibberellins |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| uniconazole |
inhibits |
GA biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA2oxA9 protein from M24 |
was able to catalyze [14C1]GA12 to [14C1]GA110 but with greatly reduced efficiency compared with |
Icaro |
Triticum durum |
| (PAC, AT2G48120) |
is |
inhibitor of endogenous GA biosynthesis |
|
| (ATGA3OX2, GA3OX2, GA4H, AT1G80340) levels |
showed no difference between |
srr1-1 and wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tebuconazole |
interacting with |
cytochrome P450 in the phytosterol biosynthesis pathway |
|
| SD1 |
is involved in |
production of gibberellin |
Oryza sativa |
| normal flux through gibberellin biosynthetic pathway |
restores |
normal GA 1 content |
|
| similarity of (AtMYB62, BW62B, BW62C, MYB62, AT1G68320) overexpressing plants and GA-deficient mutants in their response to exogenous GA |
suggests |
possible role for (AtMYB62, BW62B, BW62C, MYB62, AT1G68320) in regulating GA biosynthesis |
|
| elevated jasmonic acid (JA) levels |
drastically decreased |
GA20ox transcript levels |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| (AtDWF4, CLM, CYP90B1, DWF4, PSC1, SAV1, SNP2, AT3G50660) overexpression (DWF4ox) |
increased the expression of |
GA20 oxidase1 (AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Double B-box 1a (DBB1a) |
induced |
GA20-oxidase1 (AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decrease in levels of active GAs |
is probably due to |
reduced synthesis from metabolic intermediates |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Changes in expression of (AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) and (ATGA2OX1, GA2OX1, AT1G78440) at ZT8 |
were |
similar to those observed at ZT1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN-mediated polar auxin transport |
supports |
gibberellin biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| biosynthesis of ent-kaurene in the gymnosperms |
is achieved by |
two separate enzymes |
|
| overexpression of (ERF1-2, AT1G12920) |
reversely regulated |
plant responses to paclobutrazol (PAC) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| knock-out of (ERF1-2, AT1G12920) |
reversely regulated |
plant responses to paclobutrazol (PAC) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtTEM1, EDF1, TEM1, AT1G25560) and (AtRAV2, EDF2, RAP2.8, RAV2, TEM2, AT1G68840) targets in the GA biosynthesis pathway |
include |
(ATGA3OX2, GA3OX2, GA4H, AT1G80340) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA3ox expression in unstratified seeds exposed to light |
shows no increase in |
wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA biosynthesis |
is not regulated by |
level of GGDP |
|
| Taiwania cryptomerioides KS |
is supported by specificity for |
ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CPP) as substrate |
Taiwania cryptomerioides |
| (TIE1, AT4G28840) |
reduces the abundance of |
GA12, GA9, GA20 and (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) |
Solanum lycopersicum; Escherichia coli |
| high GA 1 levels in DZ |
are controlled by |
early biosynthesis steps |
Zea mays |
| (AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6, AT5G10140) (AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) double mutants |
express higher levels of |
TEMPRANILLO 1 (AtTEM1, EDF1, TEM1, AT1G25560) messenger RNA in leaves and apices |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ent-kaurene |
is |
precursor of the gibberellins |
|
| FLC:SVP complex |
negatively regulates |
TEMPRANILLO 1 (AtTEM1, EDF1, TEM1, AT1G25560) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression levels of genes coding for the enzymes catalyzing GA biosynthesis |
are downregulated in |
root tips of (FEI2, AT2G35620) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high expression of ZmGA3ox2 in SL15 |
results in accumulation of |
ZmGA3ox2 protein |
Zea mays |
| (AtTudor1, TSN1, Tudor1, AT5G07350) overexpression lines |
up-regulate |
(ATGA20OX3, GA20OX3, YAP169, AT5G07200) transcript expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) (GA REQUIRING 5) |
is upregulated in |
spines of 1.6cm fruit |
Cucumis sativus |
| SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) |
represses |
GIBBERELLIN 20 OXIDASE 2 (AT2353, ATGA20OX2, GA20OX2, AT5G51810) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TEMPRANILLO 1 (AtTEM1, EDF1, TEM1, AT1G25560) and TEMPRANILLO 2 (AtRAV2, EDF2, RAP2.8, RAV2, TEM2, AT1G68840) |
confer |
spatial pattern of gibberellin biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZmGA3ox2 |
possibly regulates production of |
(ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) |
Zea mays |
| transcriptional control of GA20-oxidase and GA3-oxidase |
is |
rate-limiting step for biosynthesis of GA 1 in maize leaves |
Zea mays |
| ARH1, (FEI1, AT1G31420) and (FEI2, AT2G35620) |
govern middle cortex (MC) formation via activating |
gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression levels of nine genes coding for the enzymes catalyzing GA biosynthesis |
are significantly reduced in |
root tips of tri-1 compared with Col-0 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsGA3ox2 |
is constitutively expressed in |
all organs |
Oryza sativa |
| irCDPK4/5 × irAOC plants |
contain |
all gibberellins detected largely at WT levels |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| KO |
shows |
30% reduction in transcript levels in irCDPK4/5 stems |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| reduced GA20ox activity |
probably contributes to |
impaired production of GA44, GA19, and GA20 |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| (ATGA3OX2, GA3OX2, GA4H, AT1G80340) expression |
was more than 60-fold up-regulated by |
light and warmth in seeds cold-treated for 4 days |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increase in the amount of cytochrome c (CYTc) |
depends on |
active gibberellin (GA) synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KO and KAO genes |
encode |
ent-kaurene oxidase and ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA20ox |
converts |
GA53 to GA44, GA19, and GA20 |
|
| brassinosteroid (BR) treatment |
increased the expression of |
GA20 oxidase1 (AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DOXC22 |
also contained |
Oryza homolog Os4g55070 |
Oryza sativa |
| emergence of GA-related 2OGDs |
essential for |
biosynthesis of bioactive GAs in vascular plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; Picea abies; Selaginella moellendorffii |
| (ATKO1, CYP701A3, GA3, AT5G25900) treatment |
down-regulates expression of |
GA3ox genes |
Phyllostachys edulis |
| expression of KS gene |
showed |
no differences between WT and cytc mutants at ZT8 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SlGA3ox1 |
expression pattern is similar in |
wild-type and RNAi SlARF7 transgenic lines |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| nutrient-deprived seedlings treated with NPA |
shows increased |
AtGA20ox1::GUS activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hpAtGA20ox2#2 RNAi silencing line |
shows |
~55% reduction in 20-OXIDASE2 expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA biosynthesis |
occurs in |
division zone (DZ) |
Zea mays |
| Vac (ATTPS4, TPS4, AT4G27550) |
would fit with a role in |
gibberellin biosynthesis |
Vitex agnus-castus |
| increased resistance of tie1-1 to (PAC, AT2G48120) |
suggests |
over-accumulation of GA could be responsible for the tie1-1 mutant phenotype |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) gene |
is significantly downregulated at 5 dpg compared to 3 dpg |
gibberellin biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| receptor-like kinases (RLKs) |
maintain |
expression of genes associated with gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis |
|
| qPHS3-2 |
most likely corresponds to |
gene OsGA20ox1 |
Oryza sativa |
| tomato internode elongated -1 (tie-1) mutant |
is more sensitive to |
paclobutrazol |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| transcriptional levels of genes coding for the enzymes catalyzing GA biosynthesis in fei2-C and fei2-C-2 |
are higher than those in |
(FEI2, AT2G35620) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| biosynthesis of ent-kaurene in the gymnosperms |
is achieved by |
two separate enzymes, as in the angiosperms |
|
| low temperature (LT) |
decreases expression levels of |
(ATGA20OX3, GA20OX3, YAP169, AT5G07200) |
Oryza sativa |
| second leaf sheath length between osgrf6 and DJ |
had no difference when treated only with |
(PAC, AT2G48120) |
Oryza sativa |
| GA2oxA9 |
was presumed to have |
similar function to GA2oxD9 |
Triticum durum |
| GA biosynthetic genes |
particularly |
GA20ox genes |
|
| timing and localization of GA3ox expression within an organ |
affects |
GA 1 levels |
Pisum sativum |
| expression of ZmGA3ox1 |
cannot rescue |
dwarf phenotype |
Zea mays |
| irCDPK4/5 × irAOC plants |
show |
bioactive (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) content completely restored |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| ent-KAURENE OXIDASE1 (KO1) expression |
was down-regulated in |
Col (ATHD2, ATHD2B, HD2, HD2B, HDA4, HDT02, HDT2, AT5G22650) /Cvi-0 compared with wild-type regardless of illumination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gibberellins (GAs) |
biosynthesized by |
actions of three types of enzymes: diterpene cyclases, CYPs, and two distinct 2OGDs |
|
| rate of GA biosynthesis |
is modulated by |
activity of a series of enzymes |
|
| GA 20 |
is |
transient intermediate subject to high turnover by GA3-oxidase into bioactive GA 1 |
Zea mays |
| FLC:SVP complex |
positively regulates |
TEMPRANILLO 2 (AtRAV2, EDF2, RAP2.8, RAV2, TEM2, AT1G68840) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| all known TPSs |
are derived from |
diterpene synthases involved in gibberellin biosynthesis |
|
| increased expression of closely related GA2-oxidase genes |
result in |
dwarf phenotypes |
Triticum aestivum; Oryza sativa; Populus tremula × Populus alba; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA 2-oxidases (GA2ox genes) |
catalyze |
conversion of both bioactive and precursor GAs to inactive forms |
|
| exposure to an inductive long day (LD) photoperiod |
results in |
increase in bioactive GA concentrations in the leaves |
Lolium perenne; Lolium temulentum |
| transgenic line overexpressing CcGA20ox1 |
shows reduced |
ovule number |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (SLG1, AT5G08490) connectivity |
was also very high with |
GA biosynthetic genes |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox) family |
catalyzes |
three successive steps late in the GA biosynthetic pathway |
Triticum spp. |
| GA-biosynthesis gene defect in sd1 mutant |
reduces |
bioactive GA abundance |
|
| excellent agronomic traits of dwarf and high yield |
are due to |
obstruction of GA biosynthesis |
|
| drought stress condition |
inhibits |
GA biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| induction of FT |
is associated with |
up-regulation of GA biosynthetic genes in the apices |
Triticum spp. |
| dehydration |
induces expression of |
(ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
|
| SLR1 |
may contribute to |
GA biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| PsGA3ox1 (LE) |
catalyzes the conversion of |
GA 20 to GA 1 |
Pisum sativum |
| (ATGA20OX3, GA20OX3, YAP169, AT5G07200) expression |
is significantly up-regulated at |
binucleate pollen stage |
Oryza sativa |
| iron-depleted media |
reduces levels of |
bioactive (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA20ox |
shows |
only 2% of transcript levels in WT stems |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves |
are required for |
accumulation of bioactive gibberellins in the stem |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| silencing JA biosynthesis |
recovered |
GA20ox transcript levels |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| GIBBERELLIN 3 BETA-HYDROXYLASE 1 (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
participates in |
gibberellin biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SD1 |
is involved in |
gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| GA12 |
is |
immediate precursor of GA53 |
|
| JA signaling |
represses |
biosynthesis of GAs |
|
| Inconsistent expression changes for OsCPS1 and OsKO1 |
were probably due to |
differentially developmental manner |
Oryza sativa |
| d1 mutant |
fails to control |
3-hydroxylation of GA20 |
Zea mays |
| increased levels of jasmonic acid (JA) |
antagonize |
the biosynthesis of gibberellins (GAs) |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| increased GA2ox gene transcripts |
may have contributed to |
decreased GA content in irCDPK4/5 plants |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| irAOC plants |
had more than twice as many transcripts of |
GA3ox |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) and (ATGA3OX2, GA3OX2, GA4H, AT1G80340) expression |
showed significant differences in expression levels between |
dormant and less-dormant accessions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
is |
one of the key GA biosynthesis genes expressed during seed germination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZmGA3ox2 in the d1-6016 mutant |
has large fragment deletion resulting in |
loss of function of ZmGA3ox2 |
Zea mays |
| GA3ox |
shows |
1.7-fold increased transcript levels in irCDPK4/5 stems |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| GA biosynthesis |
is associated with |
germination in most less-dormant accessions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tie1-1 mutant petiole tissue |
has increased concentration of |
bioactive (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| OsGA3ox2 |
produces |
(ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) |
Oryza sativa |
| ZmGA3ox1 |
is specifically expressed in |
immature tassel of (B73, CHL6, CNX, CNX1, SIR4, AT5G20990) |
Zea mays |
| elevated jasmonic acid (JA) levels |
suppressed |
the transcript levels of several gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic genes |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| GA 20-oxidase |
provides |
precursor substrate for GA 3β-hydroxylase |
|
| GA12 in irCDPK4/5 stems |
suggests that high JA levels do not suppress |
activity of (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) KS, KO, and KAO |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| GA20ox transcript levels in irCDPK4/5 stems |
indicates that high JA levels strongly suppress |
GA20ox transcript accumulation |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| increased GA3ox transcripts |
may lead to |
slightly increased bioactive GAs |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| GA 15 |
showed |
higher levels in cytc mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genes related to plant height (DWARF 5, DWARF 10 and GIBBERELLIN-DEFICIENT DWARF 1) |
are putative candidate genes affecting |
grain yield and sub-phase duration |
|
| CYP88A |
functions in |
second and earlier CYP-catalyzed step of GA biosynthesis |
|
| GA20ox genes |
are expressed in |
upper part of bamboo shoots |
Phyllostachys edulis |
| BAC clone c0160G03 |
contains |
GRMZM2G036340 |
Zea mays |
| reduced GA20 content |
is likely to be the reason for |
low (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) levels in irCDPK4/5 stems |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| some fungi, like Gibberella fujikuroi |
can produce |
gibberellins |
Gibberella fujikuroi |
| silencing (COI1, AT2G39940) in rice |
did not increase |
(ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) levels |
Oryza sativa |
| DOXC22 |
included |
CmGA7ox from Cucurbita maxima |
Cucurbita maxima |
| iron-depleted media |
reduces levels of |
GA24 precursor |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| warmth |
increases |
gibberellin levels |
|
| gibberellin biosynthesis |
is spatially restricted |
ovule tissues |
|
| Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing MdDOX-Co |
contains reduced levels of |
biologically active gibberellin (GA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZmGA3ox2 |
plays a crucial role in |
vegetative development |
Zea mays |
| bioactive (ATKO1, CYP701A3, GA3, AT5G25900) |
is derived from |
GA20 |
|
| GA 20-oxidases |
catalyze |
conversion of GA12 to GA9 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATDDF2, ddf2, AT1G63030) (ethylene responsive factor-like transcription factor) |
decreases |
gibberellic acids synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| exposure to light |
promotes |
de novo gibberellin biosynthesis |
|
| five GA20ox and four GA3ox enzymes |
exhibit |
overlapping functions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| light environment |
modulates |
gibberellin enzymes |
|
| stem apices |
are tissues in which GAs are mainly produced |
gibberellins (GAs) |
Zea mays |
| PsGA3ox1 (LE) expression driven by its endogenous promoter |
resulted in much greater |
GA 1 accumulation |
Pisum sativum |
| content of several endogenous GAs in M24 overgrowth mutant |
was greater than in |
Icaro and similar to tall isoline Anhinga |
Triticum durum |
| (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) gene |
shows 2–4.5-fold upregulation in |
DcLCYB1-expressing transgenic tobacco lines |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| paclobutrazol treatment |
reverts phenotype to |
wild-type level |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| imbibition |
promotes |
de novo gibberellin biosynthesis |
|
| GA 1 content in Halberd |
was intermediate |
consistent with its height phenotype |
|
| sdw1/denso |
is involved in |
production of gibberellin |
Hordeum vulgare |
| GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR 6 (14-3-3lambda, AFT1, GRF6, AT5G10450) |
participated in |
gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| lower content of (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) and lower GA precursor levels |
suggests that |
lower content of (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) was the result of reduced flux through GA biosynthetic pathway |
Triticum durum |
| decreased flux through gibberellin biosynthetic pathway |
results in |
lower bioactive GA 1 |
|
| greatly reduced conversion of GA 12 to GA 110 |
allows normal flux through |
gibberellin biosynthetic pathway |
|
| gibberellin 20-oxidases |
are part of |
gibberellin biosynthetic pathway |
|
| expression levels of OsCPS1, OsGA20ox1, OsGA20ox3, and OsGA3ox2 |
were also down-regulated in |
osgrf6 compared with DJ |
Oryza sativa |
| GA20ox genes |
are thought to catalyze |
rate-limiting steps in the GA biosynthetic pathway |
|
| GA 12 |
drastically increases at |
trinucleate pollen stage in response to LT conditions |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) expression |
peaks at |
binucleate pollen stage |
Oryza sativa |
| restored flux through gibberellin biosynthetic pathway |
increases |
GA 1 content |
|
| SlGA20ox1 |
is |
key gene in gibberellin biosynthesis pathway |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| expression levels of the GA biosynthesis genes OsGA20ox1, OsGA20ox2 and OsGA3ox2 |
were decreased in |
gd1 mutant |
Oryza sativa |
| Microarray data analysis in atval mutants |
suggested that |
(REM11, VAL, AT5G60140) genes may be involved in regulation of GA synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| large deletion in the coding region of ZmGA3ox2 |
is responsible for |
dwarf mutant d1-6016 |
Zea mays |
| Phyllostachys edulis genome |
contains |
1 GA3ox gene |
Phyllostachys edulis |
| bioactive (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) (ATKO1, CYP701A3, GA3, AT5G25900) (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) and GA7 |
all showed declined contents in |
p12S::FT-6 seeds imbibed for 24 h |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SD1 |
encodes |
gibberellin 20-oxidases |
Oryza sativa |
| C20 GA2-oxidase family |
have been shown to catalyze |
conversion of C20 GA biosynthetic intermediates GA12 and GA53 to inactive GA110 and GA97 |
Triticum aestivum; Oryza sativa |
| impaired conversion of GA 12 and GA 53 to inactive GA 110 and GA 97 |
restores flux through |
gibberellin biosynthetic pathway |
|
| (AtMYB62, BW62B, BW62C, MYB62, AT1G68320) overexpressing plants |
demonstrated |
GA-deficient phenotype |
|
| induction of GA biosynthesis through knockdown mutation of (ANAC042, AtJUB1, JUB1, NAC042, AT2G43000) (in -1 plants) |
significantly restored |
phenotypes of HB40OX plants |
|
| (ATKAO1, CYP88A3, KAO1, AT1G05160) |
overlap in functions to |
regulation of GA biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AT2353, ATGA20OX2, GA20OX2, AT5G51810) gene |
is responsible for |
sd1 mutant |
Oryza sativa |
| sdw1/denso |
encodes |
gibberellin 20-oxidases |
Hordeum vulgare |
| low temperature (LT) |
increases levels of |
gibberellin A12 (GA12) |
Oryza sativa |
| GA 12 biosynthesis pathway |
is down-regulated in |
OsFBK1 overexpression line |
Oryza sativa |
| SD1 gene |
is defined as |
the responsible gene for qCL1a in japonica rice |
Oryza sativa |
| OsMIR396d over-expression plants |
impaired |
gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| SlGA20ox2 transcript level in SlbHLH95-OE lines |
shows significantly lower expression at transcript level in |
SlbHLH95-OE lines |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ent-kaurene synthase (ent-KS) |
catalyzes |
formation of ent-kaurene |
|
| end product of KS-catalyzed reaction (ent-kaur-16-ene) |
can also be used for |
KO-catalyzed gibberellin biosynthesis |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) mutant and (ATGA3OX3, GA3OX3, AT4G21690) mutant |
results in |
silique fertility defects |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tie1-1 mutant |
was tested for response to |
paclobutrazol (PAC) |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| GA metabolic enzymes |
are predominantly expressed in |
endodermis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| activity of a series of enzymes |
results in |
conversion between different forms of GA |
|
| mutation in the GA biosynthetic pathway |
is a cause of |
hypocotyl and internode elongation in tie1-1 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (AtLEC2, LEC2, AT1G28300) |
represses expression of |
(ATGA3OX2, GA3OX2, GA4H, AT1G80340) |
|
| C-7 oxidation reaction |
generally catalyzed by |
CYP88A (ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase) |
|
| reduced flux in gibberellin biosynthetic pathway |
results in lower contents of |
bioactive GA 1 |
|
| light |
does not stimulate expression of |
gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis-related genes |
|
| Ks |
encodes |
ent-kaurene synthase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| M82 petioles |
are similarly inhibited by |
paclobutrazol (PAC) application |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| active GA biosynthetic pathway |
is |
required for CYTc to affect growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA2oxidase 7 |
is located in |
gibberellin biosynthetic pathway |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| NA expression in epidermis |
does not appear to be rate-limiting step for |
GA biosynthesis in WT roots |
Pisum sativum |
| GA 3-oxidases (GA3ox genes) |
exist as |
smaller family |
|
| tie1-1 mutant petioles |
are similarly inhibited by |
paclobutrazol (PAC) application |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ga1-3 mutant |
did not affect |
(AtSPL9, SPL9, AT2G42200) transcript levels in seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Rht8 |
has a role in |
regulating GA biosynthesis |
Triticum aestivum |
| Taiwania cryptomerioides CPS3 |
is phylogenetically related to |
known conifer ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases |
Conifers |
| (TIE1, AT4G28840) activity on C19 and C20 GA substrates |
demonstrates that |
(TIE1, AT4G28840) is a bona fide GA 2-oxidase |
Solanum lycopersicum; Escherichia coli |
| Gibberella fujikuroi |
makes |
gibberellin |
Oryza sativa |
| high levels of auxin at leaf base in dwarf3 mutant |
are unable to stimulate |
GA biosynthesis |
Zea mays |
| TIE protein |
has |
gibberellin 2-oxidase activity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| tie1-1 mutant internode tissue |
has internode-specific increase in |
GA15 intermediate |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| overexpression of one functional gene copy |
was sufficient for |
complete dwarfism |
|
| (ATKAO1, CYP88A3, KAO1, AT1G05160) and (ATKAO2, CYP88A4, KAO2, AT2G32440) |
regulate |
GA biosynthesis throughout plant development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BRZ |
inhibits |
GA synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA2oxA9 protein from Icaro |
converted most of |
radiolabeled [14C1]GA12 substrate to [14C1]GA110 within 1 h of incubation |
Triticum durum |
| GA20ox |
encodes |
key enzyme catalyzing the formation of bioactive GAs |
|
| Taiwania cryptomerioides CPS3 and Taiwania cryptomerioides KS |
are phylogenetically related to |
gibberellin-metabolic diterpene synthases from other gymnosperm species |
Gymnosperms |
| recombinant (TIE1, AT4G28840) |
was assayed for activity on |
C19 and C20 GA substrates |
Solanum lycopersicum; Escherichia coli |
| higher KS expression in cytc mutants |
suggests |
different mechanism operates in this case |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GA2oxidase 7 gene |
plays a critical role in |
internode elongation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| DREB1 (CBF) transcription factor family |
down-regulate |
activity of genes encoding gibberellin biosynthesis enzymes |
|
| low temperature (LT) |
decreases expression levels of |
(ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
Oryza sativa |
| OsmiR396d |
controlled |
gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| ent-kaurene oxidase gene |
is down-regulated in |
OsFBK1 overexpression line |
Oryza sativa |
| GA3β-hydroxylase1 (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
more efficiently converts |
GA 9 to GA 4 |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) expression |
gradually increases during |
anther development |
Oryza sativa |
| (BZR1, AT1G75080) |
directly regulates |
genes involved in biosynthesis of gibberellin (GA) |
|
| SD1 gene |
is |
biosynthesis of GA gene |
|
| OsmiR396d |
regulates |
internal GA biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| (AtMYB62, BW62B, BW62C, MYB62, AT1G68320) overexpression |
could impair |
gibberellin biosynthesis |
|
| MdDOX-Co OE transformants |
show moderately dwarfed phenotypes because |
some precursors such as GA12 and GA9 are converted to (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bzr1-1D mutant |
has unchanged |
gibberellin A1 (GA1) levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin application |
differentially regulates transcription of |
GA biosynthetic genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SD1 |
encodes |
(AT2353, ATGA20OX2, GA20OX2, AT5G51810) |
Oryza sativa |
| KNOTTED genes |
inhibit |
gibberellin synthesis through repression of GA 20-oxidase |
|
| gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis in gymnosperms |
involves |
consecutively acting monofunctional class-I and class-II diterpene synthases |
Gymnosperms |
| brassinosteroids (BRs) |
could increase ovule number by |
direct downregulation of gibberellin levels |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| brassinosteroids (BRs) and gibberellins (GAs) |
coordinate growth by |
BR-mediated upregulation of gibberellin biosynthesis genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 13-OH pathway |
leads to synthesis of |
active GA 1 and/or GA 3 forms of hormone |
|
| impaired GA biosynthesis |
leads to |
GA-deficient mutant phenotypes including dwarfism |
|
| pSlGA20ox1:SlGA20ox1-GUS line |
shows GUS activity localized in |
placental tissue in ovaries |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| DcLCYB1-expressing transgenic tobacco lines |
show significantly elevated |
(ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) content |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| OsCPS1 |
is required for |
gibberellin biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| (AT2353, ATGA20OX2, GA20OX2, AT5G51810) expression |
was not changed in |
the overexpressing lines |
|
| (COG1, AT5G16300) and (ATHB25, HB25, ZFHD2, ZHD1, AT5G65410) |
regulate by increasing |
gibberellins (GAs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TPS-e/f (class I) members |
catalyze formation of |
ent-kaurene |
higher plants |
| AaMYB1 |
is essential for |
gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis |
Artemisia annua; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ga3ox1-3 and ga3ox2-1 single and double mutants |
are not able to produce |
bioactive gibberellin |
|
| PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) |
regulate expression of |
gibberellin biosynthetic genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
requires |
GA 1 biosynthesis |
Pisum sativum |
| iron-depleted media |
reduces levels of |
GA15 precursor |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| maize homologs of shade-avoidance regulators |
includes |
(ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) |
Zea mays |
| circadian clock |
regulates expression of |
gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis enzymes |
|
| 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODDs) |
catalyze conversion of |
GA12 into (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Rht-B1c seedlings |
show increased bioactive gibberellins compared with |
wild-type seedlings |
Triticum aestivum |
| (AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) |
is homologous to |
green revolution gene in rice |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa |
| light exposure |
does not significantly enhance expression of |
gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthetic genes |
|
| Paclobutrazol (PCB) treatment |
did not alter |
ANT-YPet protein levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DcLCYB1-expressing transgenic tobacco lines |
show altered accumulation of |
GA intermediates |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| shade |
increases |
gibberellin levels |
|
| Oryza sativa CYP701A8 (OsKOL4) |
is still able to metabolize |
ent-kaurene |
Oryza sativa |
| maize homologs of shade-avoidance regulators |
includes |
(AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) |
Zea mays |
| iron-depleted media |
reduces levels of |
GA9 precursor |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| low temperature (LT) treatment |
reduces |
expression levels of gibberellin biosynthesis gene (ATGA3OX1, GA3OX1, GA4, AT1G15550) |
Oryza sativa |
| content of bioactive (ABC33, ATCPS1, CPS, CPS1, GA1, AT4G02780) |
was substantially reduced in |
semidwarf lines Icaro and Castelporziano compared to tall lines Anhinga and Capelli |
Triticum durum |
| enhanced conversion of GA 12 to GA 110 |
results in decreased flux through |
gibberellin biosynthetic pathway |
|
| reduced bioactive GA content in barley and rice |
is achieved through |
loss of function mutations in key GA biosynthetic genes |
|
| three mutants 11-7, 6-ex, and 4-6 |
were exceptions with |
semi-dwarf phenotypes |
|
| DIB1 |
influences biosynthesis of |
bioactive gibberellins (GAs) |
Medicago truncatula |
| detailed distribution patterns and level variations of each gibberellin in Arabidopsis floral organs |
remain poorly understood along |
non-13-hydroxylation pathway and early 13-hydroxylation pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BRBT genes |
encode |
gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic gene (AT2301, ATGA20OX1, GA20OX1, GA5, AT4G25420) |
|