| gene silencing of tale genes |
was equally potent for |
all the tale genes of Xpm |
Xanthomonas phaseoli |
| heterochromatin |
represses |
gene expression |
|
| tobacco rattle virus (TRV) VIGS |
used to knock down |
ISP-F and (AtCLA1, CLA, CLA1, DEF, DXPS2, DXS, DXS1, AT4G15560) genes in the MEP pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) |
used to silence |
SlMAP3K18, SlMAP2K2, and SlMAP2K4 genes |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (MIR399, MIR399F, AT2G34208) * duplex size |
did not affect |
silencing efficiency of (MIR399, MIR399F, AT2G34208) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DNA methylation in fungus |
is associated with |
silencing of gene expression and transposon |
|
| callose deposition in i-cals3m rootstock |
inhibited |
(ATUBC24, PHO2, UBC24, AT2G33770) suppression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VIGS signal |
is confined to |
silenced fruits |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| PSY3 construct |
cross-silenced weakly |
PSY2 and (PSY1, AT5G58650) genes |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (CCD4, NCED4, AT4G19170) gene expression |
was down-regulated using |
RNA interference |
Solanum tuberosum |
| DNA methylation |
influences |
inhibition of aberrant transcription |
|
| HIGS-RiMsn2-RNAi roots |
have significantly reduced |
transcription of RiMsn2 |
Medicago truncatula; Rhizophagus irregularis |
| short tandem target mimic (STTM) technology |
is employed to |
investigate functions of small RNAs |
|
| RNAi application |
never resulted in complete inhibition of |
(AAD6, FTM1, HUP7, SAD6, AT1G43800) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| triple mutants |
were constructed by |
down-regulating expression of the third gene family member in an inducible manner |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (MIR319, MIR319B, AT5G41663) |
targets |
OsGAMYB |
Oryza sativa |
| transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana lines with reduced expression of individual (CCT, CRP, MED12, AT4G00450) subunits |
are generated with |
35S-driven and (CCT, CRP, MED12, AT4G00450) subunit-specific hairpin constructs |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| pTRV-SlBBX17 plants |
show reduced transcript levels of |
Transcription factor B-box 17 (SlBBX17) |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Argonaute (AGO) |
facilitates translational repression |
translation |
|
| GhPMEI3 transcript levels |
are considerably higher in |
completely and partially silenced cotton plants compared to control plants |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| VEF domain |
is found in |
chromatin proteins required for gene silencing |
|
| NlVg gene |
is silenced by |
RNAi |
Nilaparvata lugens |
| RNA interference (RNAi) |
represses |
target gene expression |
|
| NbAPX3-1 |
was silenced in |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) strategy |
can be used to |
silence candidate genes |
|
| geraniol synthase gene |
was silenced in planta using |
virus-induced gene silencing |
Solanum melongena |
| relative expression level of MpFPPS1 |
significantly reduced by c. 20% after feeding transgenic plants for 5 d |
MpFPPS1 expression |
Myzus persicae; Nicotiana tabacum |
| PSY2 and PSY3 |
were silenced less efficiently |
70%–75% |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| transgenic YFP-HSC70.1 and YFP-HSC70.1M hsc70.1 hsp70.4 double mutants |
showed |
high degree of patchy YFP fluorescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Sm GS-silenced RL22 plants |
show |
>20-fold lower Sm GS transcript abundance |
Solanum melongena |
| (MIR399, MIR399F, AT2G34208) expressed in dcl2-1/4-2 mutant scion |
showed |
suppression of rootstock (ATUBC24, PHO2, UBC24, AT2G33770) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| silencing KMT1 |
might be less pronounced than |
complete inactivation of KMT1 |
Leptosphaeria maculans |
| BSMV:TaRCA |
significantly reduces expression of |
TaRCA |
Triticum aestivum |
| single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) designed against Xanthomonas phaseoli pv manihotis TALE conserved gene sequences |
efficiently silenced expression of |
transcription activator-like effector (TALE) |
Xanthomonas phaseoli pv manihotis |
| single sgRNA |
targets |
highly conserved sequence in promoters or 5′-UTR regions |
Xanthomonas |
| abrogation of histone acetylation mark |
ensures |
no leaking gene expression occurs |
|
| (MIR166, MIR166G, AT5G63715) ectopic expression |
leads to |
silencing of (MIR166, MIR166G, AT5G63715) target genes |
Oryza sativa |
| longer maintenance of inserts |
is correlated with |
greater target gene silencing |
|
| pEGAD MYB5:GFP–cHDG2 transgene |
causes |
co-suppressed hdg2-like mutant papillae phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RNA polymerase V ( (POL, AT2G46920) V) |
may play role in gene silencing via |
one or more pathways distinct from 24-nt siRNA-directed pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loci with considerable or complete sequence identity |
can acquire different combinations of |
epi-regulators for gene silencing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| barley stripe mosaic virus hordeivirus (BSMV) |
was adapted for |
virus-induced gene silencing to study gene function in monocots |
|
| PcG-mediated silencing |
requires |
additional mechanisms |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| other genes in the study |
were silenced with efficiency of |
85%–100% |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Os04g48410 |
exhibits negative correlation to |
miR398 abundance |
Oryza sativa |
| transgenic lines with high (FOC, MIR160, MIR160A, AT2G39175) expression |
show reduced expression of |
target genes Os02g41800 and Os04g43910 |
Oryza sativa |
| qRT-PCR analysis of tissues infected with BMVCP5:HSP70-1 using primers for (AtHsp70-2, Hsp70-2, AT5G02490) |
indicated |
(AtHsp70-2, Hsp70-2, AT5G02490) was silenced |
Zea mays |
| RNAi construct targeting (CLF, ICU1, SDG1, SET1, AT2G23380) |
has clone ID |
CD3-538 |
|
| forward genetic screen |
identified |
METHIONINE ADENOSYLTRANSFERASE 4 (AtSAMS3, MAT4, MTO3, SAMS3, AT3G17390) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| myosin silencing |
occurs in |
plants inoculated with VIGS vector |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| transgenic lines with high (MIR398B, AT5G14545) expression |
show greatly suppressed |
target genes Os03g22810, Os04g48410, Os07g46990, and Os11g09780 |
Oryza sativa |
| (AtSAMS3, MAT4, MTO3, SAMS3, AT3G17390) / (Met overaccumulation) mutant |
releases |
silencing of both genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| antisense and RNAi-mediated silencing of (AtMYB62, BW62B, BW62C, MYB62, AT1G68320) |
did not suppress |
(AtMYB62, BW62B, BW62C, MYB62, AT1G68320) expression |
|
| TRV:HIPP26 |
showed |
expression of targeted (ATFP6, AtHMP40, FP6, HIPP26, AT4G38580) gene was reduced |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| OsGAMYB |
was obviously suppressed by coexpression with |
(MIR319, MIR319B, AT5G41663) |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| LUC gene expression in line CCT383 |
is highly sensitive to |
suppression of (MOM, MOM1, AT1G08060) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HLP mRNA accumulation |
is down-regulated to levels below detection limit in |
HLP–RNAi-43 strain |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| BSMVγ–TaPDS construct |
substituted for |
BSMVγ–ZoPDS |
Zingiber officinale; Triticum aestivum |
| ihpRNA–LeHT3 single copy lines |
knocked down |
LeHT1 expression |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| PAR-RNAi transgenic plants |
effectively suppresses transcript abundance of |
(HLH1, PAR1, AT2G42870) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PAR-RNAi transgenic plants |
effectively suppresses transcript abundance of |
(ADH2, ATGSNOR1, GSNOR, HOT5, PAR2, AT5G43940) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BMVCP5 vector |
better maintained |
heat shock protein70-1 (AT-HSC70-1, AtHsp70-1, HSC70, HSC70-1, HSP70-1, AT5G02500) insert |
Nicotiana benthamiana; Zea mays |
| knockdown of (PDE226, PDS, PDS3, AT4G14210) expression in second and third systemically infected leaves at 14 dpi with BMVCP5 |
is approximately twice |
relative levels observed with BMVF13m:PDS |
Zea mays |
| repressive chromatin environment at (AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6, AT5G10140) locus |
represses |
(AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6, AT5G10140) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leaf disc screening |
identified |
NAD-ME RNAi lines |
Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi |
| TRV-based VbMS by overexpressing miRNA target mimics |
was efficient to silence |
plant endogenous miRNAs |
|
| Brome mosaic virus (BMV)-based vector |
better maintains |
foreign gene inserts |
|
| (MIR319, MIR319B, AT5G41663) |
suppresses |
OsTCP21 |
Oryza sativa |
| eight epi-regulators ( (AtLHP1, LHP1, TFL2, AT5G17690) (MOM, MOM1, AT1G08060) (CMT3, AT1G69770) DEFECTIVE IN RNA-DIRECTED DNA METHYLATION 1 (CHR35, DMS1, DRD1, AT2G16390) (DMT7, DRM2, AT5G14620) Su(VAR)3-9 HOMOLOG 2 (ATSUVH2, SDG3, SUVH2, AT2G33290) CURLY LEAF (CLF, ICU1, SDG1, SET1, AT2G23380) and HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1 (ATHD1, ATHDA19, HD1, HDA1, HDA19, HDAC19, RPD3A, AT4G38130) ) |
are compared by |
RNAi-mediated silencing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| myosin XI VIGS vector |
reduces abundance of |
myosin XI transcripts |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| transformed algal clones |
screened for |
down-regulated HLP mRNA accumulation |
Chlamydomonas |
| DNA methylation |
coregulates |
heterochromatin formation |
|
| Arabidopsis (AtMORC1, CRT1, MORC1, AT4G36290) and (AtMORC6, DMS11, MORC6, AT1G19100) |
implicate in |
gene silencing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression level of the hairpin RNAi transgene in line rNAD-ME2 |
may have been sufficient to drive |
degradation of all β-NAD-ME transcripts |
Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi |
| 120-bp fragment of NbHIPP26 |
was cloned into |
TRV in antisense orientation |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| qRT-PCR analysis of tissues infected with BMVCP5: (ATHSP70, HSC70-4, HSP70, HSP70-4, AT3G12580) -1 using primers for |
showed similar result |
(ATHSP70, HSC70-4, HSP70, HSP70-4, AT3G12580) was silenced |
Zea mays |
| OsTCP21 |
was obviously suppressed by coexpression with |
(MIR319, MIR319B, AT5G41663) |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| H3K27me3 |
confers |
(AGL38, PHE2, AT1G65300) repression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| modified BSMVγ RNA containing partial sequence of Z. officinale (PDE226, PDS, PDS3, AT4G14210) gene |
effects down-regulation of |
endogenous (PDE226, PDS, PDS3, AT4G14210) |
Zingiber officinale |
| respective target gene after 7 d of induction |
was strongly repressed in |
young, expanding leaves and mature leaves |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| RNA silencing (RNAi) |
can be achieved through |
stable transformation or transient expression of silence-inducing fragments with virus vectors |
|
| tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based system |
was used to knock down |
(ATFP6, AtHMP40, FP6, HIPP26, AT4G38580) expression in N. benthamiana plants |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| screening of transformed algal clones |
identified |
clones displaying intermediate levels of down-regulation |
Chlamydomonas |
| virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) |
is |
relatively new approach to down-regulate gene expression in plants |
|
| virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) |
does not result in |
100% uniform silencing |
|
| SlNAP2 knockdown line KD-L2 |
exhibits |
target gene specificity with RNAi |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| phloem |
contains |
small interfering RNAs |
|
| distinct sets of epi-regulators |
are recruited to |
four tagged locations in chromosome 2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LUC gene cassette in CC lines CCP4.211 and CCT383 |
is silenced in |
shoots and roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CC lines CCT396 and CCT431 |
exhibit |
root-specific silencing of LUC expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RNAi construct targeting (ATSUVH2, SDG3, SUVH2, AT2G33290) |
has clone ID |
CD3-539 |
|
| HLP mRNA accumulation |
is down-regulated to levels below detection limit in |
HLP–RNAi-39 strain |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| ANP3-specific artificial microRNA (amiRNA) |
expressed under the control of |
β-estradiol-inducible promoter |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| small RNAs (sRNAs) |
consists of |
small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) |
|
| myosin XI-silencing sequences |
are likely to affect |
tobacco myosin XIs |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) |
silences or represses |
target gene expression |
|
| CC lines CCP4.211, CCT383, CCT396, and CCT431 |
contain |
LUC gene cassette |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| eight epi-regulators |
are involved in |
LUC gene silencing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Tip5 |
mediates |
establishment of rDNA silencing |
Homo sapiens |
| 4158-bp putative (ABCG11, AtABCG11, ATWBC11, COF1, DSO, WBC11, AT1G17840) gene promoter region |
is the primary source of |
co-suppression effect |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| selective knockdown of LeHT3 expression |
was not achieved |
ihpRNA–LeHT3 construct |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| NbIRX9 transcript level |
is reduced in |
VIGS-NbIRX9-infected plants |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| MYC3–RNAi transgenic lines |
show |
slight reduction in (MYC3, AT5G46760) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RNAi construct |
covered |
211 nucleotides spanning positions 145 to 355 of the coding region |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| small RNAs |
guide gene silencing by |
regulating chromatin methyl modification |
|
| RNAi construct targeting (DMT7, DRM2, AT5G14620) |
has clone ID |
CD3-557 |
|
| stele-expressed P19 |
antagonizes |
systemic silencing of (MIR399, MIR399F, AT2G34208) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 5′-UTR of (ABCG11, AtABCG11, ATWBC11, COF1, DSO, WBC11, AT1G17840) |
is not responsible for |
co-suppression of (ABCG11, AtABCG11, ATWBC11, COF1, DSO, WBC11, AT1G17840) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| recently duplicated Arabidopsis FBX gene members |
are inactive due to |
epigenetic suppression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Os04g59430 |
was significantly suppressed in |
(FOC, MIR160, MIR160A, AT2G39175) overexpression transgenic lines |
Oryza sativa |
| three independent rNAD-ME lines |
showed |
large reductions in the steady-state transcript level of the targeted β-NAD-ME gene (KfNAD_ME1_b1) |
Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi |
| plant viral vectors |
have been widely used for |
gene silencing |
|
| ethylene response factor 1 (AtERF#092, ERF1, ERF1B, AT3G23240) transgene |
is often |
silenced |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Os04g48390 |
exhibits negative correlation to |
miR827 abundance |
Oryza sativa |
| Os05g03040 |
exhibits negative correlation to |
(EAT, MIR172, MIR172B, AT5G04275) abundance |
Oryza sativa |
| ZmSHR1 gene |
was used to avoid |
potential silencing of OsSHR2 |
Oryza sativa ssp japonica |
| (AtSAMS3, MAT4, MTO3, SAMS3, AT3G17390) missense mutation |
can release |
silencing of Pro35S::NPTII |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| repressive histone modifications |
result in |
suppression of (AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6, AT5G10140) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PRC1-like complex |
participates in |
transcription suppression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P. coerulescens antisense PTrx gene directed to the cytosol |
effectively down-regulates |
endogenous wheat Trx h9 |
Triticum aestivum |
| BSMVγ–ZoPDS plasmid |
is similar to |
BSMVγ–TaPDS |
Zingiber officinale; Triticum aestivum |
| p (ABCG11, AtABCG11, ATWBC11, COF1, DSO, WBC11, AT1G17840) upstream region |
is sufficient for generating |
co-suppression of (ABCG11, AtABCG11, ATWBC11, COF1, DSO, WBC11, AT1G17840) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LeHTi–036 line |
showed no significant effect on |
LeHT expression levels |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| gene silencing mediated by small RNAs (sRNAs) |
plays a central role in |
regulation of gene expression in plants |
|
| pBI–Fraa1ei-infiltrated fruits |
strongly reduced to less than 40% of the levels |
Fra a transcript levels |
|
| NbCCR transcript level |
is reduced in |
VIGS-NbCCR-infected plants |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| siRNAs |
mediate |
transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) |
|
| spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) |
is |
crop protection method |
|
| ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis screen |
is used to investigate |
factors involved in the susceptibility of transgenes to PTGS |
|
| introns in a terminator-dependent fashion |
can induce |
siRNA production from transgenes |
|
| BSMVγ–TaPDS construct |
evaluated for effectiveness in |
VIGS in Zingiber officinale |
Zingiber officinale; Triticum aestivum |
| transient RNAi-mediated silencing of the Fra a genes |
reduces levels of |
Fra a mRNAs |
Fragaria x ananassa |
| transgenes |
have high susceptibility to |
silencing |
|
| transgene designed to mimic an endogene and containing both the 5′ and 3′ regulatory regions plus introns of the tobacco RuBisCO |
was shown to be less prone to |
PTGS and TGS |
|
| amiRNA designed to target stem-loop sequence of miRNA precursor transcript |
silences expression of |
individually targeted family member |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VIGS treatment |
significantly reduced |
CK2B1 expression in pTY-CK2B1 lines |
Brassica juncea |
| Gh_A10G2048 transcription in VIGS plants |
was significantly suppressed to |
24% of control plants expression level |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| mitochondrial NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (Sl (IDH-I, IDH1, AT4G35260) ) |
is expressed in antisense orientation in |
transgenic tomato plants |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| NbCOBRA transcript level |
is reduced in |
VIGS-NbCOBRA-infected plants |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| RNAi-mediated silencing of (ATPRX Q, PRXQ, AT3G26060) in mutant |
unable to further reduce |
16:1t levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| small RNAs (sRNAs) and ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins |
form |
RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) |
|
| 303-bp PCR fragment from ACL2 gene inserted into p1301UbiNos vector |
forms |
antisense ACL2 vector |
|
| partial silencing of (ATPRX Q, PRXQ, AT3G26060) in wild-type background |
results in mild reduction in |
16:1t levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| species-specific terminator incompatibility |
highlights |
importance of choosing an appropriate 3′ regulatory element for transgene expression |
|
| visual reporter (PDE226, PDS, PDS3, AT4G14210) |
tracks |
VIGS progress |
|
| (POL, AT2G46920) IV-dependent 21/22-nt siRNAs |
are involved in |
post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ihpRNA approach targeting LeHT genes |
caused substantial reduction in |
expression levels of all three LeHT genes |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) |
is |
main sRNA class in plants |
|
| silencing constructs |
were delivered first and |
effector was delivered later following an interval of 1–2 days |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| heterochromatin |
is correlated with |
gene suppression |
|
| RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) |
provides prospective functional analyses through |
specific silencing of targeted nematode genes |
Heterodera |
| hp-SBE IIa lines including IIa 4 |
showed reduced |
SBE IIb expression in developing endosperms |
Hordeum vulgare |
| stacking of several transgenes |
avoids |
homology-dependent gene silencing |
Oryza sativa |
| AtNF-YA5 gene overlap |
results in production of |
natural antisense transcript (nat)-derived siRNA (natsiRNA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NbCesA8 transcript level |
is reduced in |
VIGS-NbCesA8-infected plants |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| OsMADS1 RNAi target region |
covered |
C-box domain and part of K-box domain of OsMADS1 |
Oryza sativa |
| double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) |
can have several different origins such as |
viral replication |
|
| transcription termination machinery |
is involved in |
protecting genes against silencing |
|
| poor efficiency in transcription termination |
leads to |
generation of siRNAs from transgenes |
|
| InLYP1-silencing lines |
generated using |
InLYP1-targeting artificial microRNA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Fra a gene expression |
was |
down-regulated |
Fragaria x ananassa |
| SUVH gene RNAi constructs |
generated from |
cDNA fragments |
|
| ihpRNA–LeHT3 construct |
contained |
201-bp fragment from 3'-UTR of LeHT3 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| gene downregulation |
can occur as |
post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) |
|
| transgenes |
have similarity with |
prokaryotic genes |
|
| siRNA production from transgenes |
might interfere with |
splicing |
|
| antisense AB3 lines (AB3-8 and AB3-9) |
show silenced expression of |
UP9C |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| 5 mM EGTA in the infiltration media |
allowed |
gene silencing to progress to impede HR |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) |
can have several different origins such as |
convergent transcription |
|
| RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs) |
convert |
single stranded RNA |
|
| endogene mRNAs |
are mostly degraded after being targeted by |
small RNAs (sRNAs) |
|
| silencing construct hpRpa1 with a target sequence outside the coding region |
selectively silenced |
endogenous Rpa1 |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| terminators |
are involved in |
protecting genes against silencing |
|
| histone modifications |
functions in |
monoallelic gene expression |
|
| abolishing CG methylation maintenance in a methyltransferase 1 null mutant |
curiously do not alleviate |
silencing of tDNA Pro arrays |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| eccDNAs |
can be |
source for small interfering RNAs |
|
| (AS2, AT1G65620) bodies |
might play a role in |
epigenetic repression of the expression of the target gene (ARF3, ETT, AT2G33860) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (DDM2, DMT01, DMT1, MET1, MET2, METI, AT5G49160) |
is responsible for |
repression of the expression of rDNA in the corresponding perinucleolar compartment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| splicing |
affects |
gene stability |
|
| vsiR45349 |
downregulates |
abundance of (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) transcript |
|
| three RNAi lines (#8, #29 and #71) |
were obtained for |
TaNAC77 knockdown |
Triticum aestivum |
| predominant fraction of 5S rDNAs |
is thought to be |
silent fraction |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| small RNAs (sRNAs) |
are key for |
posttranscriptional control of mRNAs |
|
| pBI–Fraa3i-infiltrated fruits |
strongly reduced to less than 40% of the levels |
Fra a transcript levels |
|
| stress-mediated increase in histone acetylation |
can transiently overrule silenced status of |
TS–GUS |
|
| DNA methylation |
functions in |
monoallelic gene expression |
|
| artificial eccDNA |
can express |
small interfering RNAs |
|
| plants |
can be |
highly sensitive to gene copy number changes |
|
| (CESA6, E112, IXR2, PRC1, AT5G64740) and PRC2 |
repress |
transcription |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| knockdown of (PDE226, PDS, PDS3, AT4G14210) expression in fourth and fifth systemically infected leaves at 30 dpi with BMVF13m |
is less than 20% |
relative (PDE226, PDS, PDS3, AT4G14210) expression level |
Zea mays |
| BMVCP5:HSP70-1 infection in maize plants |
results in less |
(AT-HSC70-1, AtHsp70-1, HSC70, HSC70-1, HSP70-1, AT5G02500) expression in upper leaves |
Zea mays |
| methylations on H3K9 |
are associated with |
transcriptional suppression |
|
| RT-PCR |
was used to assess |
silencing of myosin genes |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| Zingiber officinale BSMV persistence |
presents opportunity to |
create a large number of ginger shoots with down-regulated gene expression from inoculation of a single leaf |
Zingiber officinale |
| transgenes |
are subject to |
transcriptional gene silencing |
|
| VIGS using TRV-derived vectors |
uses |
Agrobacterium-mediated transfer into host cells |
|
| antisense AB3 line AB3-9 |
shows more effective silencing of |
UP9D |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (FAS1, FUGU2, NFB2, AT1G65470) targeting to (BP, BP1, KNAT1, AT4G08150) gene |
suppresses |
ectopic expression of (BP, BP1, KNAT1, AT4G08150) |
|
| VIGS |
is at least 4 weeks slower than |
hp RNAi technique |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of (ABA1, ATABA1, ATZEP, IBS3, LOS6, NPQ2, ZEP, AT5G67030) |
was successful |
in TRV2-ZEP-inoculated plants |
Capsicum annuum |
| NbIRX8 transcript level |
is reduced in |
VIGS-NbIRX8-infected plants |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| siRNAs |
specifically repress |
transgene expression |
|
| degree of expression |
affects |
amount of siRNAs triggered from transgenes |
|
| terminators |
have the biggest impact on |
amount of siRNAs originating from transgenes |
|
| spread of methylation into regulatory regions |
may cause |
repression of expression of nearby genes |
|
| Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) |
is basis for |
most popular VIGS vectors |
|
| 5 mC |
is |
dominant repressor of clustered tDNA expression in Col-0 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BSMV (barley stripe mosaic virus)-mediated host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) |
was used to knock-down |
Ps (AT-CDA1, CDA1, DESZ, AT2G19570) and Ps CDA2 |
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici |
| H3K27me2 in Entamoeba histolytica |
is enriched at |
RNAi-mediated silenced genes |
Entamoeba histolytica |
| hpRNA gene silencing strategy |
was used to silence |
S-adenosyl methyltransferase (SAMT) gene |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 15B-2, 15B-5, 15B-6, and 15B-9 progeny of T1 15B line of Kontesa |
showed highest decrease in expression of |
Pina and Pinb genes |
Triticum aestivum |
| 3-5 line |
was |
not silenced |
Triticum aestivum |
| cultivar 'New Yorker' |
showed |
moderately large sectors of photobleaching on silenced leaves |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| young seedlings (2 weeks old) |
show optimum silencing at |
21 °C and high humidity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 35S promoter-driven RNAi construct |
was generated to |
knock down expression of (AGP6, AT5G14380) and (AGP11, ATAGP11, AT3G01700) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P3 and P4 plants |
show |
very similar silencing efficiency |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| short interfering RNAs (siRNA) |
are incorporated into |
dsRNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) |
|
| accessory proteins |
may participate in |
nucleation step towards final silencing state of genomic element |
|
| UP9C overexpression in antisense orientation |
results in down-regulated expression of |
UP9C |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| NbCOMT transcript level |
is reduced in |
VIGS-NbCOMT-infected plants |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| siR109944 |
has |
FBL55 as potential target |
Oryza sativa |
| siRNA production from transgenes |
might have a further negative impact on |
gene expression |
|
| RNAi-MdRNL2 |
suppresses |
MdRNL2 expression |
Malus domestica |
| Capsicum annuum 'Micropep Yellow' (MY) |
was subjected to |
virus-induced gene silencing of zeaxanthin epoxidase (ABA1, ATABA1, ATZEP, IBS3, LOS6, NPQ2, ZEP, AT5G67030) |
Capsicum annuum |
| DNA methylation |
silences |
repetitive elements |
|
| DNA methylation |
causes stable repression of |
endogenous genes |
|
| RNAi |
can lead to |
transcriptional silencing of locus |
|
| (KYP, SDG33, SUVH4, AT5G13960) /5/6 and (ATHDA6, AXE1, HDA6, HDAC6, RPD3B, RTS1, SIL1, AT5G63110) |
deposit |
H3K9me2 |
|
| Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) |
has been established for |
investigation of enzyme-coding genes and signaling components in tomato |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| gene copy number changes |
result in |
efficient gene silencing |
|
| correlation between silencing efficiency and the resulting phenotypes |
was not observed within |
hemizygotes |
|
| targeted mRNAs |
were found to be depleted in |
nematodes feeding on transgenic plants |
Meloidogyne sp. |
| silencing of targeted genes |
occurred in |
progeny of feeding nematodes |
Meloidogyne sp. |
| NaF6ʹH1 |
was silenced by |
VIGS |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| siRNA-directed DNA methylation pathway |
provides insights into |
chromatin-based pathways for gene silencing |
|
| incRNA–PRC2 complex |
is dispensable for |
transcriptional silencing |
|
| more than fifty VIGS systems |
are able to target |
important crop plants |
|
| most of tDNAs |
might be |
silent |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| miRNA |
mediate |
post-transcriptional gene silencing |
|
| DNA methylation |
silences |
transposons |
|
| VIGS method |
efficiently downregulates |
genes expressed in glandular trichomes |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| non-protein-coding RNA (npcRNA) |
is component of |
epigenetic regulation |
|
| DNA methylation |
is associated with |
repression of expression of nearby genes |
|
| transgenes |
are subject to |
transcriptional gene silencing |
|
| artificial eccDNA |
can express |
microRNA |
|
| BSMV–VIGS |
is important practical feature for |
gene silencing in the Zingiberales |
Zingiber officinale |
| disruption of CP synthesis |
enhances |
persistence of VIGS |
Zingiber officinale |
| ihpRNA–LeHT construct |
contained |
401-bp fragment from conserved coding region of LeHT3 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| overexpression of GFP:PDX1.3 |
correlates with |
strong co-suppression of endogenous (ATPDX1.1, PDX1.1, AT2G38230) and (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 223-bp PCR fragment from ACL1 gene inserted into p1301UbiNos vector |
forms |
antisense ACL1 vector |
|
| MYC3–RNAi1, MYC3–RNAi2, and MYC3–RNAi3 lines |
have |
30%, 20%, and 10% reduction in (MYC3, AT5G46760) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| silencing construct expressed in hosts |
affects expression in |
parasite |
|
| cytosine methylation |
has role in |
silencing |
|
| increase of histone acetylation in RdDM mutants at specific genomic loci |
is probably |
secondary effect of the release of silencing |
|
| loss-of-UBP5 function |
leads to repression of |
several PcG targets |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RNAi construct |
was designed to |
reduce (ATPMT1, PMT1, AT2G16120) and (ATPMT2, PMT2, AT2G16130) mRNA levels simultaneously |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| N. attenuata plants inoculated with Agrobacterium carrying pTV-NaGSNOR |
formed |
NaGSNOR-VIGS plants |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| Nicotiana benthamiana (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) (Nb ) |
was depleted by |
RNAi using hairpin (hp) constructs |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| access to a diversity of regulatory elements |
is needed to avoid |
gene silencing |
|
| histone methyltransferases (KYP, SDG33, SUVH4, AT5G13960) /5/6 |
deposit |
H3K9me2 modifications |
|
| NaGSNOR activity |
was 90% reduced in |
NaGSNOR-VIGS plants |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) |
has differences in characteristics compared to |
systemic TGS by siRNA transmission from inverted repeat transgene |
|
| wild-type aspen leaf explants transformed with overexpression vector designed to constitutively express PtdCesA8 |
resulted in |
sense co-suppression of both the transgene and the native PtdCesA8 genes |
Populus tremuloides |
| plants |
have evolved a mechanism to differentiate |
self from non-self |
|
| mRNAs |
may be targeted to |
RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) |
|
| silencing efficiency |
can be predicted based on |
characteristics of parental transgenic plants |
|
| TRV vectors that do not encode 16 kDa protein |
could possibly provide |
better silencing efficiency |
|
| RNA suppression |
is used for |
reverse genetics |
Zea mays |
| depletion of endogenous immune components with transient hp RNAi |
depends on |
stability of the protein |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| PSR1 |
targets |
(CUV, EMB3011, FEY, PINP1, PRP16, AT5G13010) |
Glycine max |
| (BAP1, AT3G61190) removal |
leads to widespread reduction in |
gene expression |
|
| CcCBL1 transcript levels |
decreased by approximately 50% in |
CcCBL1-RNAi and CcCBL1-RNAi CcCIPK14-OE plants |
Cajanus cajan |
| cross-kingdom/species RNAi |
is paramount for |
design of SIGS strategies |
|
| tomato SlAGO7 |
represses |
SlARF3 / 4 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (FIS1B, AT5G12390) RNAi construct |
was made in |
previous study |
|
| small interfering RNA (siRNA) |
can induce |
transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) |
|
| hp-SBE IIb construct |
essentially completely silenced |
SBE IIb expression |
Hordeum vulgare |
| increased temperature |
causes increase in |
RNA silencing |
|
| PTGS |
is therefore at least partially responsible for |
partitioned silencing |
|
| PDC2_E1α |
was selected for |
amiRNA silencing |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| modified TRV–GFP vector |
is as effective as |
original TRV |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| DNA methylation |
causes stable repression of |
transgenes |
|
| HT-M RNAi gene construct |
was used for |
suppressing all HT-M genes |
Nicotiana alata |
| absence of a system for amplification of siRNA within the cells to which it is transmitted |
would limit |
degree of transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) spreading |
|
| RNAi technology |
was used to reduce |
γ-gliadins by up to 80% in bread wheat lines of cv. 'Bobwhite' |
Triticum aestivum |
| target-specific RNAi of several different plant-parasitic nematode genes |
has been achieved through |
in vitro soaking in solutions of complementary dsRNA |
plant-parasitic nematodes |
| gene silencing |
was overcome by |
expressing nanosensors in mutant plants deficient in gene silencing (rdr6-11 and (ATSGS3, SGS3, AT5G23570) ) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RNAi technology |
was used to strongly down-regulate |
all ω-, α-, and γ-gliadins |
Triticum aestivum |
| NTM19 gene promoter |
was used to induce |
post-meiotic TMBP200 deficiency in microspores |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| modified TRV–GFP |
tested for compatibility with |
rose seeds |
Rosa sp. |
| long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) acting in cis |
are involved in |
Polycomb group (PcG) recruitment in mammals |
|
| TS-GUS activity |
was increased in |
idn2-3 fdm1-1 idp2-1 fdm3-2 fdm4-2 fdm5-2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Pc-G complexes |
repress |
MEDEA (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rearranged paralogous structure |
causes |
transcriptional silencing of the other copy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pHANNIBAL construct |
is capable of suppressing |
multiple HT-M genes |
|
| (GEX3, AT5G16020) antisense construct |
was only partially down-regulating |
(GEX3, AT5G16020) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FIS1B, AT5G12390) silencing |
identification method described in |
previous study |
|
| Hybrids A3-2, A10-1, A14-1, and A16-1 |
show |
no detectable HT-M transcript |
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia; Nicotiana alata |
| 5azaC treatments |
do not alleviate |
silencing of tDNA Pro arrays |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VIGS system |
allows |
silencing of multiple genes |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| RNAi constructs |
were causing |
efficient silencing |
Hordeum vulgare |
| high and low AsA plants in GGT-transformed Arabidopsis line |
suggests occurrence of |
gene silencing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transgene transcript level |
correlates with |
(RPS10, uS10m, AT3G22300) silencing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| all hemizygous transformants of the Rps10.2 line |
developed only |
late onset of silencing |
|
| double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) |
is recognized by the cell as |
aberrant RNA |
|
| ingestion of dsRNA by non-feeding J2s |
was stimulated artificially by |
adding neurostimulant chemicals |
Meloidogyne sp. |
| siRNA transmission |
would induce |
transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) in the graft partners |
|
| silencing of (PDE226, PDS, PDS3, AT4G14210) in cultivar 'Lichun' |
was enhanced at |
low temperatures (15 °C) and low humidity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| concentration of transcripts |
is lowered by |
specific targeting and mRNA degradation |
|
| onset of (RPS10, uS10m, AT3G22300) silencing |
depends on |
genetic and environmental factors |
|
| virus-mediated silencing |
could be effective strategy for delivery of |
RNAi triggers to feeding nematodes |
|
| Agrobacterium-mediated transient assays |
screened for |
silencing of GUS reporter gene |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| NaHD20 -silenced plants |
show NaHD20 mRNA levels reduced by |
86±7% compared with EV plants |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| P1r plants at 10 weeks |
show lack of |
(RPS10, uS10m, AT3G22300) silencing in young leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hemizygous Rps10.1 plants |
developed either |
early or late onset |
|
| free-living J2s |
can be silenced by soaking in |
dsRNA solutions |
Meloidogyne sp. |
| low proportion of syncytia producing dsRNA |
resulted in |
moderate penetrance of RNAi in nematodes |
|
| RNA interference (RNAi) constructs targeting CcCBL1 |
were introduced in |
wild-type and CcCIPK14-OE plants |
Cajanus cajan |
| various small RNA species |
mediate |
RNA silencing |
|
| certain mRNAs |
are processed for |
RNA interference (RNAi) |
|
| normal decay pathway absence |
leads to activation of |
RNAi |
|
| PcG marks incorporated into canonical and variant histones |
may guarantee |
stable maintenance of gene repression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| six glutelin gene promoters |
avoid |
promoter homology-based gene silencing |
Oryza sativa |
| hairpin RNA-induced gene silencing technique |
was employed to suppress |
total expression of LeEIL1–LeEIL4 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| P2 plants at 16 weeks |
show decreased |
(RPS10, uS10m, AT3G22300) transcript levels in all organs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| promoter methylation |
is associated with |
tissue-specific gene repression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| histone H3K27 trimethylation not enriched at methylated genomic regions |
suggests that |
function of (ACG1, ATMSI4, FVE, MSI4, NFC04, NFC4, AT2G19520) in DNA methylation and transcriptional silencing is unlikely to be explained by histone H3K27 trimethylation |
|
| transcriptional gene silencing |
occurs via |
RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway |
|
| OP:SlDCL1IR construct activation by different promoters |
generated |
variable silencing strengths |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| correlation coefficient (r) = –0.97 |
indicates |
strong negative correlation between CP–GFP protein and NtPDS abundance |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| fusion with GFP |
did not obviously influence |
silencing efficiency of TRV vector in rose |
Rosa sp. |
| InAGN transgenic plants |
contain |
antisense (112A-2A, EMB30, GN, GNOM, MIZ2, VAN7, AT1G13980) fragment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cPRC1 |
compacts |
chromatin |
animals |
| hp-SBE IIb construct |
targets |
SBE IIb expression |
Hordeum vulgare |
| NICTABA-silencing transgenic N. tabacum lines (S111, S351, S411) |
show reduced |
NICTABA transcript levels |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| P0 plants |
lack |
(RPS10, uS10m, AT3G22300) gene silencing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| homozygous plants |
have silencing efficiency |
(RPS10, uS10m, AT3G22300) transcript level decreased to 2–12% relative to the control plants |
|
| RNA interference (RNAi) |
allows |
phenotype analysis of nematode development and nematode establishment in host |
|
| incomplete knock-out of targeted genes in treated nematodes |
makes difficult |
interpretation of RNAi phenotypes |
root-knot nematode |
| hpXSP10 lines (X1, X2, X3) |
exhibit |
complete silencing of GUS reporter gene |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| cultivar 'Pearson' |
showed |
relatively slight symptoms |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Pro (AGP6, AT5G14380) -driven amiRNA construct |
was generated to |
knock down expression of (AGP6, AT5G14380) and (AGP11, ATAGP11, AT3G01700) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| antisense plants |
has been used to lower |
cyFBPase activity |
|
| transgene promoter region |
could be another possible explanation for |
differences observed in silencing onset in the LD and SD photoperiod |
|
| 35S:NS-Vitis3 transgenic strawberry line |
shows dramatically diminished |
(ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) mRNA levels in fully expanded leaves |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| nickel ions |
can induce |
transgene silencing |
|
| variability in silencing efficiency |
was observed between |
progeny collected from individual plants |
root-knot nematode |
| barley lines with low expression of SBE IIa or SBE IIb |
were generated through |
RNA-mediated silencing technology |
Hordeum vulgare |
| transgenic plant with GFP-partitioned phenotype |
possessed characteristic pattern of |
GFP-expressing and silenced regions |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| active initiation and establishment of silencing |
is affected by |
temperature |
|
| radial wave of silencing |
suggested |
mobile signals initially reached mid and lateral veins through phloem flow |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| partitioned-silenced regions |
definitely possess |
mobile signals for systemic transmission of silencing |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| miR168a-1 |
is |
cosuppression line of (MIR168, MIR168B, AT5G45307) |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-1618 mutants with decreased expression of PDC2_E1α |
were generated using |
artificial microRNA |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| modification of TRV–GFP |
does not jeopardize |
function of TRV in gene silencing |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| PDS-positive plant |
is defined as |
plant exhibiting typical photobleached phenotype and substantially decreased RhPDS transcript |
Rosa sp. |
| SlCYP707A2 |
is markedly downregulated to 18% of control in |
SlCYP707A2-RNAi-treated fruits |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| cytosine DNA methylation directed by lmiRNAs |
results in |
transcriptional gene silencing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATSGS3, SGS3, AT5G23570) |
shows elevated expression in |
central cell |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| upregulated genes in amiTEK |
show significant overlap with |
genes silenced by (DDM2, DMT01, DMT1, MET1, MET2, METI, AT5G49160) and (ATHDA6, AXE1, HDA6, HDAC6, RPD3B, RTS1, SIL1, AT5G63110) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pML-Hyg-35S promoter:Amikn126 construct |
was designed to knock down |
AtBP and AtKNAT2/AtKNAT6 expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TRV2::GFP |
is constructed as |
control |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| both transcripts from (AT2G41590) (AT2G41600) and (OXR6, AT4G34070) (AT4G34071) pairs |
were under regulation of |
nat-siRNAs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| amiRNA of 22 nt in length |
is sufficient for triggering |
transitivity |
|
| cultivar selection |
is needed for |
adequate responses for silencing studies |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Southern analysis |
demonstrated |
presence of putatively silenced sexual allele |
Paspalum simplex |
| NbVPE1a and NbVPE1b silencing |
was produced using |
two DNA fragments from NbVPE1a and NbVPE1b coding regions |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| P3 plants at 13 weeks |
show decreased |
(RPS10, uS10m, AT3G22300) mRNA level in young leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P4 plants at 16 weeks |
show normal |
(RPS10, uS10m, AT3G22300) mRNA level in rosette leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| selected photoperiod |
was the crucial factor determining whether or not |
late onset of silencing occurred |
|
| silenced genes |
can undergo spontaneous and developmentally regulated reactivation by a process called |
resetting |
|
| two plants agroinfiltrated with TRV::TNC |
display |
<50% reduction in Mi-tnc transcripts |
Nicotiana benthamiana; Meloidogyne incognita |
| silencing machinery |
is triggered by |
abundance of sexual mRNA target sufficiently high |
Paspalum simplex |
| DNA methylation |
correlates with |
siRNAs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| concerted process of silencing |
is disrupted in |
ddm1- mutant plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hpRNAi |
produces |
variable set of siRNAs |
|
| Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) vector |
was used to silence |
NbNTF6 |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| silencing (PDE226, PDS, PDS3, AT4G14210) |
is unsuitable as |
silencing reporter |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| sequences determined from this study |
could be used in |
creation of RNA interference silencing mutants |
Medicago truncatula; Lotus japonicus |
| TRV (Tobacco Rattle Virus) |
can produce |
RNAi triggers in feeding cells |
|
| RNAi experiments |
yielded |
varying levels of silencing efficiency |
Triticum aestivum |
| silencing efficiency |
is lower at |
25 °C growth temperature |
Lycopersicon esculentum |
| vector containing fragment of Lc in tandem with fragments of target genes |
was used as |
standard system |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| NbrbohA/B-silenced Nicotiana benthamiana |
shows decreased transcript of |
NbrbohA transcript |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| soaking strategy for dsRNA-mediated gene silencing |
is limited to |
functional analysis of genes involved in early steps of parasitism |
Meloidogyne sp. |
| transgenic lines (AtTK1b, TK1b, TK2, AT5G23070) and TK4 |
were selected for |
further analysis |
Actinidia chinensis |
| reversion observed in P1r plants |
does not result from |
complete inactivation of transgene transcription |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increase in (RPS10, uS10m, AT3G22300) transcript abundance |
is correlated with |
time when first P3 plants present onset of late silencing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phenotype variety of hemizygous P2, P3, and P4 plants |
cannot be attributed to |
silencing efficiency |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P2 plants |
show |
very similar silencing efficiency |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| environmental conditions |
resulted in a shift in |
onset of silencing |
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia |
| TRV |
is able to mediate delivery of |
RNAi triggers to feeding nematodes |
|
| hypermethylation of (FLD, RSI1, AT3G10390) promoter |
would result in |
lower (FLD, RSI1, AT3G10390) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RNAi technology |
was used to reduce |
content of α-gliadins in lines of bread wheat cv. Florida |
Triticum aestivum |
| glutelin promoters |
avoid |
promoter homology-based gene silencing |
|
| Manduca sexta oral secretion (OS)-inducible PME |
was silenced by |
RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| P1r phenotype |
suggests |
reversion from silenced state |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P1r plants |
show higher |
transgene mRNA accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inactivation of silencing |
was limited only to |
homozygous plants |
|
| silencing in progeny of feeding nematodes |
showed high variability in |
gene silencing efficiency |
root-knot nematode |
| variability in efficiency of virus propagation |
could result in |
variations in dsRNA or siRNA accumulation between root systems |
|
| study of GFP-partitioned phenotype |
delineates features of |
specific silencing |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| C. reinhardtii recombinant lines with decreased expression of PDC2_E1α |
were generated using |
artificial microRNA (amiRNA) technology |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| compacted chromatin |
was shown to promote |
PRC2 activity |
|
| computational analyses of sequences of Polycomb group (PcG) recruitment sites in mammals |
failed to identify |
common DNA sequence motifs involved in Polycomb group (PcG) targeting |
|
| silencing (PDE226, PDS, PDS3, AT4G14210) |
has been reported by |
two other research teams |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| silencing of TiERF1 gene |
presumably resulted in |
no detectable TiERF1 expression in T3 plants of E314-3-3 |
Triticum aestivum |
| constructions under the control of the native promoter for the (AGP6, AT5G14380) gene |
were used for |
RNAi-mediated silencing of (AGP6, AT5G14380) and (AGP11, ATAGP11, AT3G01700) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P1, P3, and P4 phenotypes |
likely result from |
silencing of (RPS10, uS10m, AT3G22300) gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phenotypic variety |
resulted from |
at least two events, separated in time, of the onset of (RPS10, uS10m, AT3G22300) silencing |
|
| phenotypes |
were associated with |
timing of the onset of silencing |
|
| inactivation of silencing |
is induced by |
very low (RPS10, uS10m, AT3G22300) transcript level found only in homozygotes |
|
| Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) |
mediates |
RKN gene silencing |
|
| viral vectors |
can be used to |
mediate dsRNA production in plants |
|
| VIGS method |
was used to produce |
single-silenced and dual-silenced N. benthamiana plants |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| green hotspots |
were seen adjacent to |
silencing region but unable to penetrate it |
|
| TRV–GFP vector |
tested to induce gene silencing in |
Arabidopsis thaliana plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TRV–GFP |
could spread and silence |
endogenous genes |
Rosa sp. |
| miRNAs |
modulate target gene expression by |
mRNA cleavage |
|
| VPE genes |
have been specifically silenced via |
VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| fully silenced plants |
did not express |
GFP mRNAs |
|
| PaWOX8/9 RNAi lines |
down-regulate |
PaWOX8/9 transcript level |
Picea abies |
| silencing (PDE226, PDS, PDS3, AT4G14210) |
gives |
clear phenotype |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| non-expression of the transgenic plants |
presumably results from |
silencing at the transcript level of the introduced genes |
Triticum aestivum |
| RNA interference construct using LeEIL2 fragments |
employed to obtain |
transgenic tomato plants with severely suppressed LeEIL genes |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| NbrbohA-silenced Nicotiana benthamiana |
shows decreased transcript of |
NbrbohA transcript |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| early onset responsible for the appearance of the P2 phenotype |
may result from |
higher silencing competence of the transgene loci present in the Rps10.1 line |
|
| silencing inactivation |
occurs even in tissues where silencing onset has already occurred, resulting in |
severe morphological abnormalities |
|
| production of targeted transcripts |
is often restored |
a few days after soaking |
Meloidogyne sp. |
| initiation or arrest of silencing |
might be dependent on |
region-specific genes |
|
| transmission rate of silencing |
was higher and faster |
in younger plants |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| endogenous NtPDS transcript |
greatly decreased in |
TRV-NtPDS-infected plants |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| lmiRNA-directed DNA methylation |
results in |
transcriptional gene silencing |
|
| cultivar 'Pearson' |
had |
high infection efficiency |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| endogenous (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
was used as |
reporter for silencing |
Petunia hybrida |
| GFP fluorescence |
did not drop to zero in the presence of |
matching RNAi construct |
Hordeum vulgare |
| J47/1 transgenic strawberry line |
shows decreased |
(ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) expression in fully expanded leaves |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| photobleaching |
indicates |
efficiency of virus-induced NbVPE-silencing |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| BC 2 line |
showed significantly reduced |
SBE IIa and SBE IIb expression |
Hordeum vulgare |
| FRET nanosensors |
are subject to |
gene silencing in wild-type Arabidopsis plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| amiRNA |
can silence |
non-homologous multiple genes |
Oryza sativa |
| antisense line 2092 |
shows decreased expression of |
(ATVAMP711, VAMP711, AT4G32150) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| antisense line 2092 |
shows decreased expression of |
(ATVAMP714, VAMP714, AT5G22360) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| normal level of accumulation of SBE IIb transcripts in SBE IIa targeted lines |
indicates |
cross suppression was not due to RNAi mechanism directly |
Triticum aestivum |
| estradiol-inducible artificial miRNA against (ADL1, ADL1A, AG68, DL1, DRP1A, RSW9, AT5G42080) (ADL1C, ADL5, DL1C, DRP1C, AT1G14830) and (ADL1E, ADL4, ADLP2, DL1E, DRP1E, EDR3, AT3G60190) |
targets |
(ADL1, ADL1A, AG68, DL1, DRP1A, RSW9, AT5G42080) (ADL1C, ADL5, DL1C, DRP1C, AT1G14830) and DRP1E—the most abundant isoforms |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35S::amiTEKa |
targets |
(AHL16, TEK, AT2G42940) coding region |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (TAS2, AT2G39681) |
is endogenous target of |
(MIR173, AT3G23125) |
|
| EXORIBONUCLEASE 4 (AIN1, ATXRN4, EIN5, XRN4, AT1G54490) |
is |
suppressor of gene silencing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| silencing efficiency |
is lower at |
20 °C growth temperature |
Lycopersicon esculentum |
| silencing Leaf colour (Lc) expression |
provides |
convenient silencing reporter |
Lycopersicon esculentum |
| temperature optimum for silencing |
is relatively sharp |
|
Solanum lycopersicum |
| RNAi construct targeting HvDRF1 |
exhibited |
significant phenotypic effect |
Hordeum vulgare |
| hemizygotes |
presented |
quite diverse morphology (P2, P3, and P4) |
|
| homozygous P1 plants |
∼17% were able to switch off silencing in |
late vegetative growth stage |
|
| loss of purple pigmentation |
is used as reporter for |
silencing of floral genes |
Petunia |
| RNAi construct targeting HvDREB1 |
exhibited |
significant phenotypic effect |
Hordeum vulgare |
| successful onset of silencing |
not only depends on the mRNA level exceeding the threshold but it also requires that |
this favourable condition is maintained for longer time periods |
|
| reversion observed in the case of the P1r plants |
is apparently not associated with |
cell proliferation |
|
| virus-inoculated plants |
can produce |
dsRNA and siRNA silencing triggers |
|
| virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) |
is triggered by |
viral vectors that deliver dsRNA fragments homologous to targeted plant genes |
|
| two plants agroinfiltrated with TRV::TNC |
display |
80–90% reduction in Mi-tnc transcripts |
Nicotiana benthamiana; Meloidogyne incognita |
| hpRNA construct |
contains |
inverted repeat of XSP10 and GUS sequences |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| virus-induced gene-silencing system |
was used to generate |
empty vector (EV) and NaBAK1-silenced plants |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| antisense approach |
provides |
set of plants with different degrees of inhibition |
|
| J47/2 transgenic strawberry line |
shows decreased |
(ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) expression in fully expanded leaves |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) introduction |
has caused silencing of |
transferred gene and endogenous homologue |
|
| aberrant RNA |
is processed by |
Dicer RNase |
|
| hpPbCCT5 expression |
caused |
PbCCT5 silencing |
|
| PbCCT5 hairpin construct |
is driven by |
35S promoter |
Pyrus betulaefolia |
| single guide RNA (sgRNA) |
silences up to 16 transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) in |
Xanthomonas strain |
Xanthomonas infecting rice; Xanthomonas infecting citrus; Xanthomonas infecting Brassica; Xanthomonas infecting cassava |
| amiR-MpBES1 |
is designed to target |
MpBES1 |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| secondary siRNAs |
can target |
endogenous mRNA |
|
| RNA interference (RNAi) |
often suffers from |
unstable gene suppression |
|
| NbAG expression |
is significantly reduced in |
TRV2-NbAG treated plants |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| RNAi:: MtNoa1/ (ATNOA1, ATNOS1, NOA1, NOS1, RIF1, SVR10, AT3G47450) construct |
decreased MtNoa1/Rif1 gene expression by |
90% |
Medicago truncatula |
| multiple gene silencing by RNA interference |
should be explored to |
strongly reduce expression of both (GGT1, AT4G39640) and (GGT2, AT4G39650) isoforms |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phenotype of plants in which genes were silenced |
is highly dependent on |
cultivar and growing conditions |
Petunia |
| higher frequency and greater severity of gene silencing |
in homozygous transformants have been reported |
homozygous transformants |
|
| short interfering RNAs (siRNA) |
guide |
degradation of homologous transcripts |
|
| N. benthamiana as host |
showed similar silencing efficiency in |
all galls induced by feeding RKNs |
Nicotiana benthamiana; root-knot nematode |
| Single guide RNA multiplexing |
has been reported for |
up to 10 different targets at the same time |
|
| high level of conservation of promoter sequences |
enabled |
extension of knockdown analysis to Xanthomonas tale repertoires in four other crop pathogens |
Xanthomonas |
| VIGS assays |
is used to |
silence GoPGS homeologs |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| strain COR308 |
was employed for |
further analysis and optimization of the transient RNAi assay |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Triticum aestivum |
| fungal double-stranded RNAs in wheat cells |
subsequently acted as |
substrates for plant nucleases catalyzing their cleavage into corresponding siRNA molecules |
Triticum aestivum |
| Csi-miR3954 |
is |
22-nt miRNA |
Citrus sinensis |
| Cs1g09635 3′D6(−) |
might function by targeting |
NAC transcription factors |
Citrus sinensis |
| partitioned-silenced regions (PS-1 to PS-3) |
did not express |
GFP mRNA |
|
| percentage of PDS-positive plants |
similar between |
TRV-RhPDS and TRV–GFP-RhPDS plants |
Rosa sp. |
| TRV–GFP vector |
could be used widely in |
multiple plants |
|
| HvABCD1 and HvABCD2 expression |
was reduced simultaneously using |
RNAi approach |
Hordeum vulgare |
| MEDEA (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) |
is silenced during |
vegetative development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| repressive H3K27 methylation |
causes |
silencing of MEDEA (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated PITGS |
can be used as |
reverse-genetics tool to discover gene function in rust fungi |
Puccinia triticina |
| potential silencing effects by fungal-specific siRNA molecules on transcripts in the wheat genome |
cannot be completely ruled out |
|
Triticum aestivum |
| siRNA molecules |
were generated in |
host cells |
Triticum aestivum |
| i-ir (PDE226, PDS, PDS3, AT4G14210) line |
expresses |
RNAi-mediated gene silencing construct |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| PME amiRNA transgenic cells |
showed substantial reduction in |
PME transcript levels |
Penium |
| Cs1g09635 3′D6(−) |
targets |
Cs7g22560 |
Citrus sinensis |
| Transgenic plants with dsRNA targeting the MpFPPS1 gene |
obtained and analyzed by |
RT-PCR |
Nicotiana tabacum; Myzus persicae |