| microspore mother cells differentiation |
occurs in |
September |
Salicaceae purpurea |
| differentially methylated promoter regions |
are homologs of |
(ABS, AGL32, TT16, AT5G23260) |
Salicaceae purpurea |
| B. rapa |
responded to elevated temperatures by developing |
flowers with lower UV reflectance |
B. rapa |
| studies in Capsella spp. |
showed that |
reduction of organ sizes (e.g. petal area, anther and carpel lengths) was driven by earlier organ maturation rather than a decrease in cell number |
Capsella spp. |
| nectar volume increase |
occurred only in |
one of the replicates |
Raphanus raphanistrum |
| wild-type and mutant plants |
showed no significant phenotypic differences in |
herkogamy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SlTRM5 |
is highest expressed during |
floral development in 4, 6, and 8 dpi flower buds |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| inflorescence meristem (IM) |
produces |
flower meristems (FM) |
|
| correlated response in nectar volume |
matches |
patterns for short stamen evolution |
Raphanus raphanistrum |
| short stamen evolution |
both decreasing slightly in replicate 1 and increasing strongly in |
replicate 2 |
Raphanus raphanistrum |
| wild-type and mutant plants |
showed no significant phenotypic differences in |
long stamen length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| availability of soil nutrients |
positively impact |
size of floral traits including floral display, nectar volume, and pollen count |
|
| AMF manipulation |
impacts |
floral display size |
|
| two of them |
could demonstrate a role in controlling |
a corresponding trait |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (AtLHP1, LHP1, TFL2, AT5G17690) |
regulates |
floral developmental processes |
|
| (ACBP4, AtACBP4, AT3G05420) |
has been implicated in |
floral development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| insular Kozu Island population of Goodyera henryi |
exhibits significantly shorter |
length of lateral petal |
Goodyera henryi |
| ACBP4pro (Col)::GUS |
were expressed in |
anthers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR17, RR17, AT3G56380) |
is thought to directly repress expression of |
UFO homologs |
Populus |
| protein kinases |
have demonstrated roles in |
petal shape |
Brassica napus |
| AMF inoculation with Glomus etuniacatum |
in nutrient-poor soils associated with |
dramatic increase in the number of flowers produced |
Abutilon theophrasiti |
| (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) |
is proposed to act along with to regulate |
(AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AGAMOUS-LIKE 15 (AGL15, AT5G13790) AGAMOUS-LIKE 18 (AGL18, AT3G57390) SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) and AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (AGL24, AT4G24540) |
are necessary to block |
expression of reproductive programs during the vegetative phase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GRF family |
may play a role in |
floral development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (NZZ, SPL, AT4G27330) proteins |
play important roles in |
plant phase transition, juvenile-to-adult vegetative transition, and vegetative-to-reproductive transition and floral development |
|
| FRUITFULL (AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) |
is absent from |
young developing flowers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genetic pathways controlling flower development |
have been |
identified |
|
| ACBP2pro (Col)::GUS |
was detected in |
pollen grains |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR1 |
is involved in |
petal shape |
Brassica napus |
| S. purpurea |
forms floral meristems in |
July |
Salicaceae purpurea |
| UFO-LFY complex |
exhibits |
conserved mode of action |
|
| tube length decrease |
occurred only in |
one of the replicates |
Raphanus raphanistrum |
| (AtGATA18, GATA18, HAN, MNP, AT3G50870) |
is thought to be involved in |
floral development |
|
| At pin1-4 plants |
only occasionally produce |
infertile disorganised flowers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flower meristems (FM) |
develop from flanks of |
inflorescence meristem (IM) |
|
| AMF inoculation with Glomus etuniacatum |
in nutrient-poor soils associated with |
earlier flowering |
Abutilon theophrasiti |
| A. thaliana homologue |
has functional role in |
regulating size of floral organs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pAHP6 :: GFP |
is expressed in |
sepal primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ectopic expression of (AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) |
leads to expression of |
other floral genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| EMBRYONIC FLOWER (EMF) genes |
represses |
flower homeotic genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ACBP4, AtACBP4, AT3G05420) |
is expressed in |
anthers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PLS, AT4G39403) and VLC FAs |
are closely associated with |
floral development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants in hot environment |
produced |
more but smaller flowers |
Brassica rapa |
| (ACBP5, AtACBP5, AT5G27630) |
is expressed in |
anthers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PaFTL1 and PaFTL2 ectopic expression |
caused flower morphology to show similarities with |
(TFL-1, TFL1, AT5G03840) overexpressors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| insular Kozu Island population of Goodyera henryi |
exhibits significantly shorter |
length of dorsal sepal |
Goodyera henryi |
| widths of most floral parts in Kozu population of Goodyera henryi |
did not exhibit significant reductions compared with |
widths of floral parts in mainland populations |
Goodyera henryi |
| catkins at Morgantown and Portland sites |
exhibited greater |
percent maleness |
Salicaceae purpurea |
| UFO |
binding in distal promoter region initiates |
PISTILLATA expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| insular Kozu Island population of Goodyera henryi |
exhibits significantly shorter |
length of viscidium |
Goodyera henryi |
| six floral development genes with differentially methylated promoters |
are of interest since their transcriptional regulation and role in floral development may indicate involvement in |
monoecious phenotypic expression |
Salicaceae purpurea |
| elevated temperature |
induced |
flower phenotype changes |
Brassica rapa |
| Goodyera henryi |
exhibits |
longer floral morphological trait values |
Goodyera henryi |
| floral morphological traits of Goodyera similis |
exhibited no discernible differences between |
insular population and mainland populations |
Goodyera similis |
| (GATA15, AT3G06740) |
has been shown to have role in |
floral organ initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| separate staminate and pistillate flowers |
indicates |
early in development, precursor tissue for individual flowers must commit to differentiate into either androecium or gynoecium, not both |
Salicaceae purpurea |
| sepal to corolla length ratio |
changes |
differential evolution of petal and sepal lengths |
|
| selected candidate genes |
were studied for function in |
regulation of floral traits |
Brassica rapa |
| corresponding mutants in the orthologous genes of A. thaliana |
were characterized to demonstrate a role in controlling |
a corresponding trait |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| catkins of 94003 |
included |
floral shoots with entirely staminate flowers |
Salicaceae purpurea |
| histone lysine methyltransferase (HKMT) |
associated with |
stamen length |
Brassica rapa |
| ERECTA receptor kinase |
is involved in |
petal shape |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| B. rapa |
responded to elevated temperatures by developing |
flowers with higher UV absorption |
B. rapa |
| combination of hws-1 with miRNA-related mutants |
leads to suppression of |
characteristic (HS, HWS, AT3G61590) skirt phenotype |
|
| (ANQ1, ATMKK6, MKK6, SUMM4, AT5G56580) |
is expressed at high levels during |
floral development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| short filament in replicate 2 |
became longer with little change in |
long filament |
Raphanus raphanistrum |
| developmental patterning |
indicates |
most analyses comparing distinct floret types have focused on relatively late developmental stages |
|
| all six ACBPs |
are expressed in |
flowers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| two orthologous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana |
were found to play a role for |
corresponding traits |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Brassica rapa |
| protein kinase |
is involved in |
petal size |
Brassica rapa |
| young wild-type flowers |
do not exhibit |
tissue stiffness patterns |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Cytochrome P450 oxygenases and (NZZ, SPL, AT4G27330) proteins |
have been implicated in |
control of leaf initiation, axillary meristem outgrowth, and floral development |
|
| UFO-LFY complex |
has variable role across |
plant species |
|
| phenotypic trait variation |
is represented on y-axis as |
millimeters |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HvFT3 plants |
reach stamen primordium stage earlier than |
hvft3 plants |
Hordeum vulgare |
| elevated expression of SEPALLATA 3 (AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) in young seedlings |
occurs in |
young seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| organs developing during period of overlap between vegetative and reproductive phases |
also have |
floral programs initiated |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AGAMOUS-LIKE 15 (AGL15, AT5G13790) AGAMOUS-LIKE 18 (AGL18, AT3G57390) SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) and AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (AGL24, AT4G24540) |
are necessary to block |
premature activation of SEPALLATA 3 (AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HvFT3 plants |
inflorescences do not develop beyond |
stamen primordium stage under short-day conditions |
Hordeum vulgare |
| HvFT3 overexpression at lemma primordium stage |
induced expression of |
barley homologs of Arabidopsis floral homeotic genes (AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) |
Hordeum vulgare |
| homolog of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL-1, TFL1, AT5G03840) in Impatiens |
is not expressed in |
SAM (shoot apical meristem) |
Impatiens balsamina |
| reproductive cell memory |
is reflected in |
flower MADS-box gene activity expressed prior to flowering in early flowering plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| control TRV plants |
showed |
normal developmental patterns in all flowers |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| floral commitment |
requires |
molecular memory of gene expression |
|
| (AGL15, AT5G13790) (AGL18, AT3G57390) (AGL24, AT4G24540) (AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) plants grown in SD conditions |
do not show suppression of |
bract formation or floral abnormalities |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TcGLIP transcript levels |
show steep decline in |
later stages of floral development |
Tanacetum cinerariifolium |
| up-regulation of floral homeotic genes |
occurs at |
shoot apices |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) /B3 domain-containing proteins ( (REM39, VRN1, AT3G18990) HORVU5Hr1G017910, HORVU5Hr1G017890) |
were downregulated in |
apices of transgenic lines at spikelet initiation stage |
Hordeum vulgare |
| floral organs of tobacco P 35S-NsCET1 transformants |
were similar to |
floral organs of wild-type plants |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| similarity of floral organs in tobacco P 35S-NsCET1 transformants to wild-type |
indicates |
functional specificity for tobacco NsCET1 |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| putative PcG complex (VRN2, AT4G16845) (CLF, ICU1, SDG1, SET1, AT2G23380) or (EZA1, SDG10, SWN, AT4G02020) (FIE, FIE1, FIS3, AT3G20740) (ATMSI1, MEE70, MSI1, AT5G58230) |
induces flowering via the regulation of |
FLOWERING LOCUS C (AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6, AT5G10140) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Differentially expressed transcripts between Ubi::HvFT3 and null segregant |
were regulated between |
spikelet initiation stage and lemma primordium stage |
Hordeum vulgare |
| HvFT3 overexpression |
caused HvFT3-dependent down-regulation of |
floral homeotic genes with (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) domain |
Hordeum vulgare |
| low and unchanging expression levels of Ib-LFY |
might not require |
Ib-TFL1 activity |
Impatiens balsamina |
| Loss-of-function (AtRLP10, CLV2, AT1G65380) mutations |
result in |
flowers that contain extra organs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| a few genes in sequence |
can lead to |
floret abortion |
Zea mays |
| florets |
might resume development if |
water is re-supplied |
Zea mays |
| (AtGRF7, GRF7, AT5G53660) |
may not be involved directly in |
regulation of meristematicity and pluripotency of floral primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AGAMOUS |
is activated in |
msi1-cs plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HvFT3 overexpression |
modified expression of |
floral homeotic genes |
Hordeum vulgare |
| Pi deprivation |
alters expression of |
SUPERMAN (SUP) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMYB62, BW62B, BW62C, MYB62, AT1G68320) |
mediates altered expression of |
SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS 1 (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) and SUPERMAN (SUP) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| temporal removal of (EMF1, AT5G11530) activity in the embryo |
was sufficient to cause |
terminal flower formation in adult plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ROXY1, AT3G02000) /2 |
may have |
functional similarities |
|
| Zingiberales |
is interesting system for investigating |
role of specific gene families in evolution of floral development |
|
| AGAMOUS (AG) |
is |
target gene repressed by (AtEMF2, CYR1, EMF2, VEF2, AT5G51230) complex |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| late flowering accession Sy-0 |
exhibits |
alteration of the body plan |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| curled cauline leaves |
show elevated levels of |
PISTILLATA (PI) transcripts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GRF-GIF duo |
is crucial for |
meristematicity and pluripotency of CMM and archesporial cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AP1-like genes HvBM3 (HORVU0Hr1G003020) |
was upregulated at |
lemma primordium stage |
Hordeum vulgare |
| floral reversion phenomena |
are closely linked to |
failure of Arabidopsis plants to make floral conversion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gene expression data |
led to examination of |
floral phenotypes |
Chenopodium quinoa |
| Type I gynoecia |
was only identified in |
mutant line A32 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Petunia axillaris |
shows decreased growth rate after |
M1 developmental stage |
Petunia axillaris |
| Additional homologous homeodomain zipper protein (HORVU4Hr1G070610) |
was upregulated in |
Ubi::HvFT3 lines |
Hordeum vulgare |
| APETALA 1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) |
is expressed in |
young flower primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGL24, AT4G24540) and (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) levels |
are relatively low in |
embryos or young seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| continuous overexpression of (MIR164, MIR164B, AT5G01747) |
induces |
fused sepals and stamens |
|
| (AtGRF7, GRF7, AT5G53660) and (AtGRF9, GRF9, AT2G45480) |
mutations seldom contributed to |
floral defects |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ap1-3 weak mutant allele |
floral phenotypes resemble |
floral phenotypes of 35S:MIR396a |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HOX2 (HORVU2Hr1G036680) |
was upregulated in |
Ubi::HvFT3 lines |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (REM39, VRN1, AT3G18990) ( (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) /B3) |
is |
floral homeotic gene with (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) /B3 domain |
Hordeum vulgare |
| HvFT3 overexpression at lemma primordium stage |
induced expression of |
barley homologs of Arabidopsis floral homeotic genes (AGL2, SEP1, AT5G15800) |
Hordeum vulgare |
| pAHP6 :: GFP |
is expressed in |
incipient floral primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GRF:GUS proteins localization patterns and abundance |
are in good agreement with |
(AN3, ATGIF1, GIF, GIF1, AT5G28640) :GUS proteins and mRNAs localization patterns and abundance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) (AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) (AGL2, SEP1, AT5G15800) (AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) and PI genes |
are involved in |
floral organ formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pANT:MIR396a:ap1-3 |
often displayed |
petal-stamen mosaic structures and reduction in carpel number |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| IDS1 |
controls |
number of floral meristems |
Zea mays |
| (EMF1, AT5G11530) |
plays PRC1-like role in |
PcG-mediated floral repression mechanism |
|
| morphological change in Sy-0 |
results in |
longer vegetative phase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| temporal removal of (EMF1, AT5G11530) activity in flower meristem |
did not affect |
flower development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGL15, AT5G13790) (AGL18, AT3G57390) (AGL24, AT4G24540) (AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) mutant combination |
leads to |
elevated expression of SEPALLATA 3 (AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGL15, AT5G13790) and (AGL18, AT3G57390) levels decline |
occurs at |
floral transition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NsCET1 transformants |
produced |
leaf-like bracts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ids1 mutant |
show no obvious differences compared with wild type in |
flowering time |
Oryza sativa |
| putative (AtEMF2, CYR1, EMF2, VEF2, AT5G51230) (CLF, ICU1, SDG1, SET1, AT2G23380) or (EZA1, SDG10, SWN, AT4G02020) (FIE, FIE1, FIS3, AT3G20740) (ATMSI1, MEE70, MSI1, AT5G58230) complex |
represses |
flower MADS-box genes AGAMOUS (AG), APETALLA 3 (AP3, ATAP3, AT3G54340) and PISTILLATA (PI) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flower reversion |
results in |
replacement of some flower parts by leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AN3, ATGIF1, GIF, GIF1, AT5G28640) genes |
are required in a redundant manner for |
formation and maintenance of the meristematicity of CMMs and archesporial lineage cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| alteration of the body plan in Sy-0 |
causes |
inflorescence reversion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) transcription regulator |
has been associated with |
meristem and floral development |
|
| (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) -like ethylene responsive-element-binding proteins ( /EREB; HORVU7Hr1G116220, HORVU5Hr1G112440) |
were downregulated in |
apices of transgenic lines at spikelet initiation stage |
Hordeum vulgare |
| SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING-LIKE8 ( (SPL8, AT1G02065) HORVU0Hr1G039150) |
was upregulated in |
overexpression line |
Hordeum vulgare |
| putative PcG complex (VRN2, AT4G16845) (CLF, ICU1, SDG1, SET1, AT2G23380) or (EZA1, SDG10, SWN, AT4G02020) (FIE, FIE1, FIS3, AT3G20740) (ATMSI1, MEE70, MSI1, AT5G58230) |
induces flowering in response to |
vernalization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutually positive feed-back loop between LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) and APETALA 1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) |
is important to |
establishment of floral development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| alteration of the body plan in Sy-0 |
causes |
floral reversion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| new inflorescences in (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) (AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) double mutants |
repeatedly start |
new growth cycle |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| complexes containing APETALA 1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) SEPALLATA 3 (AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) FRUITFULL (AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) and AGAMOUS (AG) |
presumably contribute to |
activation of SEPALLATA 3 (AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TRV-based VbMS of (EAT, MIR172, MIR172B, AT5G04275) using STTM approach |
caused |
many abnormal flower phenotypes |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| Pi deprivation |
influences |
floral development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FRUITFULL (AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) expression pattern |
is negatively correlated with |
APETALA 1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) expression pattern |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| removal of EMF gene function |
produces |
abnormal and sterile flowers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CLE20, AT1G05065) overexpression in clv1-6 plants |
does not reduce |
carpel number |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| floral organs |
are |
modified leaf forms that arose through metamorphosis |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| leaf curling |
is correlated with |
expression of floral programs in leaf tissues |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| developmental characters such as floral tissue specification |
must be tightly coordinated |
floral development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 154 transcripts |
were differentially regulated between |
genotypes under both photoperiods |
Hordeum vulgare |
| bud-type shoots and aerial rosettes in (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) (AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) double mutants |
form |
new inflorescences |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| upregulation of (ACBP5, AtACBP5, AT5G27630) |
was observed in |
(ACBP4, AtACBP4, AT3G05420) inflorescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutant N662953 associated with (AT4G17080) |
shows significant difference in |
short stamen length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| differential stiffness between central zone (CZ) and peripheral zone (PZ) |
observed in |
flowers displaying (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| stamens and pistils rapidly interconverting |
organism gains no benefit from |
floral development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING-LIKE9 ( (AtSPL9, SPL9, AT2G42200) HORVU5Hr1G073440) |
was upregulated in |
overexpression line |
Hordeum vulgare |
| HvFT2 (HORVU3Hr1G027590) |
was upregulated at |
both spikelet initiation and lemma primordium stages |
Hordeum vulgare |
| FT/ (TSF, AT4G20370) systemic signal |
activates |
APETALA 1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Ib-LFY expression at the SAM |
does not change during |
vegetative, flowering, and reverting development |
Impatiens balsamina |
| Type III gynoecia |
had ovules that were usually |
uncovered |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Petunia exserta |
shows highest early growth in |
pistil elongation |
Petunia exserta |
| cell number |
increases with |
developmental time |
Petunia axillaris; Petunia exserta; Petunia parodii |
| protrusions in Type III gynoecia |
are considered |
misshaped styles rather than other tissue types |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (ASK1, ATSKP1, SKP1, SKP1A, UIP1, AT1G75950) |
revealed more normal |
stamen filament development than ask1-1 /L er Ws |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pistil to stamen length ratio in bp er flowers |
suggests that |
growth of reproductive organs is tightly coordinated |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MtSUP mutants |
produce |
flowers displaying a range of floral phenotypes |
Medicago truncatula |
| (CYC2, CYCB1;3, AT3G11520) subclade proteins |
regulate |
floral bilateral symmetry |
|
| AGAMOUS (AG) MADS-box transcription factor |
coordinates |
floral patterning |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| epigenetic repressors |
primary role is to repress |
entire floral regulatory network |
|
| scRNA-seq and single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) |
have been used to generate |
cell atlases of floret and inflorescence meristems in rice and maize |
Oryza sativa; Zea mays |
| sllam1 mutants |
showed more severe alterations in |
number and morphology of gynoecium |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| split-style phenotype in sllam1 mutant flowers |
resembled the one in |
Arabidopsis kan1-12 (KAN2, AT1G32240) /+ double mutants |
Solanum lycopersicum ; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Petunia styles |
grow by |
mixture of cell division in early stages and cell elongation in later stages |
Petunia axillaris; Petunia exserta; Petunia parodii |
| (ASK1, ATSKP1, SKP1, SKP1A, UIP1, AT1G75950) |
influenced |
normal development of petals and stamens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ancestral zone up-TATA region |
supports gene expression in |
stamen filaments |
Brassicaceae |
| (CLE1, AT1G73165) overexpression in clv2-3 plants |
does not significantly decrease |
carpel number per flower |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| majority of sllam1 mutant plants |
were |
infertile |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 43 candidate genes |
have expression levels strongly correlated with |
cell wall properties or cell division |
Petunia axillaris; Petunia exserta; Petunia parodii |
| osnam-1 mutant floret |
has |
reduced number of stamens (three or four) |
Oryza sativa |
| osnam-1 mutant |
corresponds to |
changed organ identity |
Oryza sativa |
| (CLE7, AT2G31082) overexpression in clv2-3 plants |
does not significantly decrease |
carpel number per flower |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| floral abortion |
can result from |
blocked ovary development |
|
| blocking the second event in floral abortion |
might prevent |
irreversible step in floral abortion |
Zea mays |
| number of flowers being produced in the apical 5 cm of the main panicle |
was similar across |
treatments |
Chenopodium quinoa |
| Petunia parodii |
has |
bud length at flower opening of 9.0 ± 0.39 cm |
Petunia parodii |
| SCF complexes |
are not influential on |
floral internode development in Col-0 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pistils in bp er fsh flowers |
are significantly longer than |
pistils in L er or bp er flowers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) overexpressor plants |
show |
high levels of SEPALLATA3 (AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) |
|
| fertilization |
may occur locally |
before anthesis |
wheat; barley; rice |
| BIGPETAL (BPE, BPEp, BPEub, ZCW32, AT1G59640) |
regulates |
petal size |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flasher (fsh) suppressor |
results in |
gapped sepals |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SPLAYED (CHR3, SYD, AT2G28290) |
plays pivotal roles in |
floral homeotic gene expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rare sllam1 mutant flowers |
were able to |
set seeds (less than 1%) |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| genes with expression levels correlated with cell wall elasticity |
also correlate with |
style length |
Petunia axillaris; Petunia exserta; Petunia parodii |
| bp er fsh floral buds |
exhibit at approximately stage 9 |
gaps between sepals |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bp er fsh sepals |
are longer and somewhat more narrow than |
bp er or L er sepals |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| male seedlings |
have more rapid growth and development allowing them to reach |
flowering early |
Simmondsia chinensis |
| LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and ANTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 (AIL6, PLT3, AT5G10510) transcription factors |
are required for |
floral fate acquisition |
|
| defective splicing in (FIO1, AT2G21070) knockout plants |
may explain |
defective floral transition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) and (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) |
are involved in |
floral organ abscission |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Osemf2b mutants |
exhibit |
abnormal floral organs |
Oryza sativa |
| mutations of the gene (BGT, GCN5, HAC3, HAG01, HAG1, HAT1, AT3G54610) /AtGCN5 |
show |
short petals and stamens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35S:CLE14 clv1-6 plants |
shows reduction in mean carpel number per flower from |
3.94 in clv1-6 to 3.38 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HS-treated samples |
have flowers remaining closed in afternoon when |
control and HR samples have open flowers |
Chenopodium quinoa |
| growth rate |
is highest in |
M1 developmental stage |
Petunia axillaris; Petunia exserta; Petunia parodii |
| osnam-1 mutant floret |
has |
reduced number of lodicules per floret |
Oryza sativa |
| S-morph plants |
have flowers with |
short styles and long stamens |
|
| GbAGL1 |
belongs to |
AG-subfamily |
Gossypium barbadense |
| homeotic changes in the flower |
are very similar to |
phenotypes caused by C-lineage genes |
Gossypium barbadense |
| Euphorbia inflorescence morphology |
is |
determinate (cymose) |
Euphorbia |
| 35S:SUP flowers |
show |
stamens often dwarfed |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (AtDGAT2, DGAT2, AT3G51520) |
transcripts accumulate at later stages of |
anther development |
Olea europaea |
| HASEP3 (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEPALLATA 3) |
shows similar expression pattern to |
Arabidopsis homologues |
Helianthus annuus; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| late flower meristem identity gene APETALA 1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) |
requires |
combined functions of FT–FD, STM-PNY/ (BLH8, PNF, AT2G27990) and LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) -UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) complexes as well as SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCLE6, CLE6, AT2G31085) overexpression in clv2-3 plants |
does not significantly decrease |
carpel number per flower |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (IDA, AT1G68765) signal |
mediates |
abscission |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SlLAM1 |
is involved in regulating |
expansion of floral organs |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| bp er fsh sepals |
exhibit |
excessive growth at tip and along margins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osnam-1 mutant floret |
has |
abnormal floret organ identities |
Oryza sativa |
| mutations of the gene (BGT, GCN5, HAC3, HAG01, HAG1, HAT1, AT3G54610) /AtGCN5 |
show |
floral organ identity defects |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CLV1-independent but CLV2-dependent pathway triggered by CLE ligands |
negatively control |
stem cell accumulation in floral meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sucrose feeding |
may prevent |
floret abortion |
Zea mays |
| styles of Arabidopsis (WOX1, AT3G18010) (PRS, PRS1, WOX3, AT2G28610) mutants |
are |
relatively normal |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| QTL analysis |
identified |
three or four loci responsible for the difference in Petunia style length |
Petunia axillaris; Petunia parodii |
| Petunia parodii |
elongates fastest during |
exponential growth phase |
Petunia parodii |
| levels of (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) and (ATMPK4, MAPK4, MPK4, AT4G01370) activities |
are possibly varied depending on |
flower stages or after pollination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| styles |
show interspecific variation in |
morphology |
Petunia |
| stamen/pistil development in bp er fsh |
is uncoupled |
|
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Type I gynoecia in sllam1 mutants |
had |
normal phenotype as in wild-type |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| transcriptomics combined with detailed growth analysis |
used to identify |
candidate transcription factors underlying interspecific variation in styles |
Petunia |
| (CST, CX32, Kin4, PBL30, AT4G35600) and the downstream (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) cascade |
induces |
abscission |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| floral organs in bp er fsh flowers |
are longer than |
floral organs in L er or bp er flowers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin biosynthesis |
occurs during |
gynoecium development |
|
| AGAMOUS targets during floral meristem termination |
are activated only after lowering |
(H3.1, HTR1, AT5G65360) /H3.3K27me3 levels in a cell-cycle-dependent manner |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (MEL1, NPY5, AT4G37590) |
is essential for |
flower formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) |
interacts with |
APETALA 1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fsh mutant plants |
exhibit |
defects in floral development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osnam-1 mutant floret |
has |
wilted stigmas with increased number |
Oryza sativa |
| Perpetual Flowering 2 (PEP2, PROPEP2, AT5G64890) gene |
has been linked to control of |
flowering |
Simmondsia chinensis |
| LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and ANTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 (AIL6, PLT3, AT5G10510) transcription factors |
are required for |
flower outgrowth |
|
| Ha-ROXL |
causes |
missing flower phenotype |
Helianthus annuus |
| inflorescence meristem |
produces |
branch meristems |
Oryza sativa |
| floral developmental genetics |
provides foundation for |
comparative studies in other flowering plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flowers |
exhibit |
size variation |
|
| quantitative tandem epifluorescence and nanoindentation (qTEN) methodology |
applied to |
floral meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| curled cauline leaves |
show elevated levels of |
APETALA 1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) transcripts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nectaries in Arabidopsis |
are often inside |
sepals and/or petals |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| floral meristems |
appear on the flanks of |
inflorescence meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CLE14, AT1G63245) overexpression in clv1-6 plants |
provides partial rescue of |
(ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) carpel phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsMADS1 overexpression in wg7 mutant background |
resulted in |
sterile grains and abnormal spikelets with elongated sterile lemma/palea-like organs |
Oryza sativa |
| ask1-1 /L er |
has |
reduced sizes and counts of petals and stamens |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| length of stamen filaments in (ASK1, ATSKP1, SKP1, SKP1A, UIP1, AT1G75950) |
is recovered to |
WT lengths |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MADS-box genes |
have been linked to control of |
transition to flowering |
Simmondsia chinensis |
| (AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) mutant proteins that lack tetramerization potential |
partly complement |
mutant phenotypes |
|
| GDEF2 |
is expressed ubiquitously throughout development of |
petals and stamens |
|
| SPATULA (SPT, AT4G36930) |
is expressed in |
developing carpels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| floral evocation |
occurs in |
shoot apical meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| water deficits |
causes diminishment or abortion of |
floral development |
|
| strong floral developmental defects in ask1-1 /Landsberg erecta (Ler) |
would be expected to correlate with |
greater number of significantly differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osnam-1 mutant floret |
has |
narrow and warped glume |
Oryza sativa |
| MADS-box transcription factor gene |
was found in |
Y2 insertion |
Simmondsia chinensis |
| reproductive apical meristem |
produces |
floral meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| four types of organs |
are |
sepals, petals, stamens and carpels |
|
| nectaries in Cucurbita pepo |
are located at or near |
base of flowers |
Cucurbita pepo |
| formation of common primordia |
constitutes |
additional step in floral organogenesis |
|
| ant (AIL6, PLT3, AT5G10510) flowers |
produce fewer |
floral organs |
|
| MADS domain proteins |
form larger complexes with |
ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeller BRAHMA (ATBRM, BRM, CHA2, CHR2, FFO3, AT2G46020) co-repressor LEUNIG (LUG), and H3K27me3 demethylase RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6 (EIN6, JMJ12, REF6, AT3G48430) |
|
| pigment production, cell shape and texture |
show instances of co-regulation |
each other |
|
| condensed multiflowered structures |
could be interpreted as |
pseudanthia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SUP Curly plants (lines 21, 22, 25, and 26) |
show |
floral developmental defects |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| flower specification |
involves |
activation of flower meristem identity genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| single mutation of FBP5 in petunia |
showed |
wild-type flowers |
Petunia hybrida |
| relative genotypic differences in the size of floret meristem |
closely matched |
differences in ovary volume |
Sorghum bicolor |
| HOTHEAD gene |
is located in |
Y2 insertion |
Simmondsia chinensis |
| AearABS2/AearNGAL1 upregulation |
is associated with |
earlier loss of petals in (EDA33, GT140, IND, IND1, AT4G00120) fruits compared with DEH fruits |
Aethionema arabicum |
| consolidation of whorled floral phyllotaxis |
allowed |
synorganization of floral organs |
|
| discoid heads |
develop |
single flower type (discs) |
|
| ray flowers |
is |
bilaterally symmetrical floral structure |
Asteraceae |
| pappus bristles |
originate from |
ring-like primordia |
|
| achieving alignment between organ identity domains and physical whorl boundaries |
likely involves |
intricate molecular crosstalk between organ initiation and identity determination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Loss-of-function (AtCLV3, CLV3, AT2G27250) mutations |
result in |
flowers that contain extra organs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ask1-1 /Landsberg erecta (Ler) mutant |
shows |
strong floral developmental defects |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsNAM-GFP |
is observed throughout |
developing floret |
Oryza sativa |
| SEPAL3 (AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) |
is expressed throughout |
floral meristems |
|
| replacement of the I domain in the AG protein with the I domain from APETALA1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) |
switches |
function of the AG protein |
|
| precise differentiation trajectories of each whorl |
are not fully understood |
floral development |
|
| rhythmicity of floral volatile biosynthesis and emissions |
makes |
floral trait plasticity |
|
| focused annotations of Y1 and Y2 regions |
revealed additional genes related to |
flowering or floral development |
Simmondsia chinensis |
| legumes |
have |
complex floral ontogeny |
|
| genes and genetic interactions |
control |
bilateral symmetry |
Antirrhinum majus |
| gynostemium formation |
involves |
profound morpho-anatomical specializations |
|
| (AGL9, SEP3, AT1G24260) |
is |
key regulator of floral meristem identity and organ speciation and development |
|
| molecular links |
bridge |
organ initiation and identity determination programs |
|
| TM6 |
plays partially redundant roles with |
TAP3 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| TM4/SEP/SLMBP24 complexes |
may play roles in |
floral meristem identity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| e2814 mutant flowers |
show fusion of |
third whorl structures to fourth whorl |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| strongest loss-of-function (ABX45, AS11, ATDGAT, AtDGAT1, DGAT1, RDS1, TAG1, AT2G19450) RNAi lines |
never observed |
overt homeotic changes in carpel identity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| petals and sepals of (EDA33, GT140, IND, IND1, AT4G00120) morph |
abscise at |
3–4 DAP |
Aethionema arabicum |
| PRC2 variants |
regulate |
AGAMOUS (AG) spatiotemporal expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AGAMOUS (AG) |
is central regulator of |
floral primordia development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SUP |
bridges |
floral meristem determinacy and floral organogenesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SKI8, VIP3, AT4G29830) mutants |
show |
inconsistent AGAMOUS (AG) expression |
|
| class 2 floral phenotype |
displayed |
two or three carpels fused at their base, and often, exposed or absent ovules |
Medicago truncatula |
| (ACG1, ATMSI4, FVE, MSI4, NFC04, NFC4, AT2G19520) mutant |
has |
late-flowering phenotype that is absent in other RdDM mutants |
|
| AGAMOUS (AG) |
directly regulates |
WUSCHEL (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Zingiberales |
exhibit |
wide range of flower forms |
|
| (ASK1, ATSKP1, SKP1, SKP1A, UIP1, AT1G75950) |
has |
1.90 ± 0.97 petals per flower |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RLCK (CST, CX32, Kin4, PBL30, AT4G35600) |
modulates |
abscission |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression of GDEF1 |
differs from |
that of the other gerbera B class genes |
|
| MADS box transcription factor |
showed complex expression pattern during |
development |
|
| expression patterns of D-lineage genes |
are conserved in |
plant fields |
|
| GbAGL1 |
is |
(AGL11, STK, AT4G09960) homologous gene in cotton |
Gossypium barbadense |
| SNP 465 |
is located in |
MADS-box transcription factor ZmMADS16 |
Zea mays |
| (EAT, MIR172, MIR172B, AT5G04275) |
has acquired specialized species-specific functions in |
cleistogamy |
|
| LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) |
promotes |
floral initiation |
|
| floral meristems |
produce |
four whorls of floral organs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| floral development in perennial fruit trees |
is |
area of expanding research |
|
| well-studied floral development genes |
may have |
potential new roles |
Malus domestica; Prunus avium |
| floral organ fusion |
promotes |
integration of whorls |
|
| floral organ fusion |
leads to |
specialization and complexity |
|
| legumes |
have |
complex floral ontogeny |
|
| floral development until early stages of gynoecium expansion |
appears phenotypically monomorphic from the outside |
DEH and (EDA33, GT140, IND, IND1, AT4G00120) morphs |
Aethionema arabicum |
| transcription factors that regulate lateral organ polarity |
are candidates for |
transcription factor partners of homeotic MADS factors |
|
| (ATX2, SDG30, AT1G05830) mutants |
show |
delayed abscission of sepals and petals |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| many other S-like RNases |
have been isolated from |
flowers |
|
| pSTK::GbAGL1 transgenic plants |
can rescue |
(AGL11, STK, AT4G09960) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LMADS2 |
can cause |
homeotic conversion of sepals and petals |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ectopic expression of GbAGL1 |
caused |
homeotic changes in floral organs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) (AGL24, AT4G24540) and (AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) repression |
prevents |
floral reversion |
|
| grapevine VvTM6 gene |
shows expression in |
petals and stamens |
|
| (SPT, AT4G36930) expression |
occurs in |
newly developing gynoecium |
|
| (SPT, AT4G36930) expression |
occurs in |
petals |
|
| (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) expression alone |
is insufficient to distinguish between |
inflorescence and a flower |
|
| Arabidopsis APETALA2 |
directly induces expression of |
AGAMOUS-LIKE15 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CYCLOIDEA-like genes |
regulate |
ray identity |
|
| orchid gynostemium |
undergoes |
subtle position shifts over time |
Orchidaceae |
| Genevestigator |
currently has no refined developmental ontologies for |
floral development |
|
| flowers of HS and HRS plants |
appeared |
less developed than control and HR flowers |
Chenopodium quinoa |
| SlLAM1 |
is required for |
floral organ growth |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| infertility in sllam1 mutants |
was caused by |
defects in gynoecia |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| SlLAM1 expression |
was observed in |
middle domains of carpel primordia at stage 5 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (HAE, RLK5, AT4G28490) single mutant |
has |
normal phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AP3, ATAP3, AT3G54340) transcripts |
are detectable in |
outer parts of the flower primordia destined to sepals |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GbAGL1 |
shows high degree of similarity with |
GhMADS6 |
Gossypium barbadense; Gossypium hirsutum |
| APETALA 2 (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) |
is involved in |
floral organ determination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AP3, ATAP3, AT3G54340) (floral homeotic protein APETALA3) |
shows increased expression in |
35S:HAHB10 transgenic plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) |
is induced by |
multiple flowering time pathways |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FT–FD complex |
directly activates |
APETALA1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SOC1–AGL24 complexes |
are partially dependent upon |
SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) for the activation of LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (BLH9, BLR, HB-6, LSN, PNY, RPL, VAN, AT5G02030) /PNF–STM complexes |
may directly associate with |
AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (AGL24, AT4G24540) –SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) dimers and/or tetramers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MADS-box proteins |
have been extensively studied in relation to |
floral organ identity determination |
|
| (ASU1, ATDCL1, CAF, DCL1, EMB60, EMB76, SIN1, SUS1, AT1G01040) mutant |
converts |
floral meristems to an indeterminate state |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SOSU1 floral development |
is strongly affected with approximately 90% of flowers showing |
severe phenotypic aberrations |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| EgDRM1 transcript levels |
show no changes in relative abundance in |
immature abnormal inflorescences |
Elaeis guineensis Jacq. |
| histone deacetylation at the floral repressor gene (AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6, AT5G10140) |
regulates |
flowering time |
|
| positions of black spots |
reflect |
spiral phyllotactic patterning of heads |
Gorteria diffusa |
| many genes in Y1 and Y2 regions |
were associated with |
flowering |
Simmondsia chinensis |
| Mediator complex |
is involved in |
floral induction and development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tissue-specific enhancers in (SPT, AT4G36930) promoter |
drive expression in |
transmitting tract |
|
| Mutations in (ATX1, SDG27, AT2G31650) |
cause |
pleiotropic developmental defects in the formation, placement, and identity of flower organs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| APETALA 2 (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) |
has dual function as stimulator and repressor in |
floral transition and floral development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| metallothionein gene expression |
increased with |
petal age |
|
| inflorescence morphology difference between Arabidopsis and Euphorbia |
could result in |
difference in (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) expression between Arabidopsis and Euphorbia |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Euphorbia |
| Arabidopsis inflorescence morphology |
is |
indeterminate (racemose) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| petaloid sepals in SUP-Ox plants |
were phenocopied by |
exogenous application of cytokinin to wild-type tobacco plants |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| Apostasioideae gynostemium |
is formed by |
median outer stamen, two inner lateral stamens and stigmas |
Apostasioideae |
| cold stress treatment |
arrests |
floral development |
|
| SPATULA (SPT, AT4G36930) |
is expressed in |
developing stigmatic papillae |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SPT, AT4G36930) expression |
occurs in |
maturing petal blade |
|
| GbAGL1 expression |
is very similar to |
OsMADS13 expression |
Gossypium barbadense; Oryza sativa |
| APETALA 1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) |
regulates promotion of |
floral organ formation or inflorescence commitment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| slight reduction in AG levels |
can cause |
defects in fourth whorl determinacy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) |
controls |
floral development |
|
| (AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) and (AGL24, AT4G24540) double mutants |
show |
floral abnormalities that increase in severity with increases in temperature |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35S:MtSVP transgenic Arabidopsis plants |
had |
aberrant flowers with all the four whorls affected in number and/or morphology |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| role of phytochromes in light signalling |
suggests that deletion of TmPHYC in mvp mutant may have effect on |
regulation of flowering promoter gene TmFT1 |
Triticum monococcum |
| E-class genes |
have been shown to be involved in |
floral-organ identity |
Oryza sativa |
| SVP3 |
shows no interaction with |
kiwifruit (AP3, ATAP3, AT3G54340) protein |
Actinidia eriantha |
| wild-type plants in inflorescence phase 2 |
produced |
normal-looking, fertile flowers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MtWUS expression |
ceases early after |
floral apex flattens |
Medicago truncatula |
| MONOPTEROS (MP) |
directly regulates expression of |
LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) |
|
| AN2 |
connects |
ABC genes that specify floral organ identity |
Petunia |
| NinS1 |
is specifically expressed in |
stamens |
Nymphoides indica |
| NaHD20 |
does not affect |
development of the floral meristems |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| STM–PNY and STM–PNF complexes |
act with |
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and FLOWERING LOCUS D (FD) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (BLH9, BLR, HB-6, LSN, PNY, RPL, VAN, AT5G02030) /PNF–STM complexes and AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (AGL24, AT4G24540) –SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) dimers and/or tetramers |
may specify |
flower meristem identity by activating LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GGLO1 |
is expressed ubiquitously throughout development of |
petals and stamens |
|
| expression in petals |
begins already at |
the primordium stage |
|
| tissue-specific enhancers in (SPT, AT4G36930) promoter from -1203 bp to -6253 bp |
drive expression in |
developing petals |
|
| GbAGL1 |
falls within |
D-lineage genes |
Gossypium barbadense |
| GDEF1 |
is a |
TM6 lineage gene |
|
| expression of GDEF1 |
is stronger and more consistent in |
disk flower petals |
|
| C2H2-zinc finger transcription factor transcript levels |
peaked at |
stage S0 (tightly closed bud) |
|
| FT–FD complex |
promotes |
flower meristem specification |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| F1 rice from mating between cl7(t) and dep2-2 |
could restore |
normal flowering phenotype with erect panicles |
Oryza sativa |
| GUS expression at stage 6 |
extended distally along |
lateral sepal margins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pCUC1::CUC1m-GFP transgenic lines |
were indistinguishable from wild-type in |
later flowers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| grapevine VvTM6 gene |
shows expression in |
carpels and ovules |
|
| complementation analysis |
revealed |
GbAGL1 probably able to rescue (AGL11, STK, AT4G09960) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| APETALA 2 (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) |
encodes |
floral homeotic protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EAT, MIR172, MIR172B, AT5G04275) |
is important in regulating |
determination of floral organ identity |
Zea mays; Oryza sativa; Hordeum vulgare |
| (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) protein |
is immunolocalized in |
different ontogenetic stages of cyathium |
Euphorbia myrsinites; Euphorbia milli; Euphorbia tithymaloides; Euphorbia pteroneura; Euphorbia nicaeensis |
| (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) mutants |
show early developing flowers at base of inflorescence transformed into |
inflorescence shoots |
Arabidopsis |
| senescence |
is thought to be related to |
resource investment of a flower |
|
| 35S::GbAGL1 transgenic plant sepals |
are reduced in size and show carpel-like profiles |
sepal morphology |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) and (AGL24, AT4G24540) |
ensure floral induction and flower development occur in their proper time and space |
floral development timing and localization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| early floral meristem (FM) patterning |
is |
developmental program |
|
| adenine nucleotide translocator gene expression |
was low in |
young petals |
|
| GbAGL1 gene |
is highly expressed in |
whole floral bud primordia |
Gossypium barbadense |
| 35S::GbAGL1 Arabidopsis transgenic phenotype |
is in accordance with |
LMADS2 overexpression phenotype in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| APETALA 1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) |
encodes |
floral homeotic protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZmMADS16 |
has close homology to |
rice MADS-box genes OsMADS2 and OsMADS4 |
Zea mays; Oryza sativa |
| self-incompatibility S1 domain-containing protein gene |
is located in |
Y2 insertion |
Simmondsia chinensis |
| SUP |
promotes |
floral meristem termination (FMT) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| class 1 floral phenotype |
had |
standard number of floral organs, but fewer ovules |
Medicago truncatula |
| MtSUP |
is involved in |
precise timing of MtWUS turn off |
Medicago truncatula |
| chrysanthemum |
shows |
large morphological variation of ray flower ligules |
chrysanthemum |
| organ initiation and identity determination |
are |
inseparable processes in making a flower |
|
| PI/GLO-like genes |
show strictly restricted expression |
in Antirrhinum, petunia, and tobacco |
|
| (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) protein localization in the primordium of the entire cyathium |
suggests that |
cyathium has a degree of floral identity |
Euphorbia |
| Hydatellaceae reproductive units |
contain |
highly reduced male and female flowers |
Hydatellaceae |
| acquisition of carpeloid properties in outer whorl tissues |
reflects |
relaxed boundary definitions when SUP is overexpressed |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM), FT–FD complex, and AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (AGL24, AT4G24540) –SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) complex |
is proposed to function for |
activation of flower meristem identity genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increase in FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) levels |
augments |
floral specification potential of stm-10 inflorescence meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ectopic FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) |
promotes |
formation of carpels during inflorescence and flower development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CAULIFLOWER (CAL) |
functions in floral meristem identity determination along with |
(AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASU1, ATDCL1, CAF, DCL1, EMB60, EMB76, SIN1, SUS1, AT1G01040) |
appears to suppress |
cell division in floral meristems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| warm temperatures and long day (LD) conditions |
induce |
development of floral organs and florets |
|
| chitinases |
are especially expressed in |
pistils |
|
| genotypes examined in this study |
showed |
significant difference in ovary volume prior to anthesis |
Sorghum bicolor |
| organ initiation |
has been studied in isolation from |
organ identity |
|
| flowers of all three morphs in tristylous species |
have anthers at |
two different heights |
|
| mating types in heterostylous species |
often differ in |
ancillary features such as pollen size |
|
| constitutive expression of GbAGL1 |
has induced |
homeotic changes in the flower |
Gossypium barbadense |
| GbAGL1 expression pattern |
is similar to |
GhMADS5 expression pattern |
Gossypium barbadense; Gossypium hirsutum |
| AG-subfamily genes |
have shown function in |
flower and fruit development |
|
| 35S::GbAGL1 Arabidopsis |
had significant differences with |
FBP11 transgenic petunia |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Petunia |
| HAAP1 |
transcripts disappear in |
floral organs |
Helianthus annuus |
| FT–FD complex |
indirectly regulates |
LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FT–FD complex |
positively regulates |
SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| change from bilateral to radial symmetry in flowers |
is associated with |
hypermethylation |
Linaria vulgaris |
| conversion of male floral organs into supernumerary carpels |
may lead to |
partial or complete flower sterility |
Elaeis guineensis |
| difference in size of other organs of the spikelets (i.e. glumes, lemma, and palea) |
could be related to |
difference in the size of meristems from which they were formed |
Sorghum bicolor |
| S- and M-morphs in Oxalis alpina |
are distinguished by |
position of stigmas and two levels of anthers |
Oxalis alpina |
| short-homostylous variant of Glandularia elegans |
carries |
non-synonymous mutation in GeGA3OX |
Glandularia elegans |
| gibberellins (GAs) |
are associated with |
flowering |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Lolium spp. |
| floral development |
was conserved among |
divergent species |
|
| SUP action through modulation of cytokinin pathways |
may regulate |
male and female organogenesis |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) homologues |
are expressed in |
putative inflorescence meristem of multiple independently evolved pseudanthia |
|
| decreased fertility in BAP-treated Arabidopsis |
was probably consequence of |
reduced stamen size |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (AGL20, ATSOC1, SOC1, AT2G45660) and AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (AGL24, AT4G24540) |
encode |
MADS-box proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35S::AGL24 transgenic line |
shows |
floral reversion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flowers |
surround |
male and female reproductive organs |
|
| ectopic expression of SUP using the (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) promoter |
resulted in |
similar floral defects |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum |
| supernumerary organs in the third and fourth whorls |
are found in |
A. thaliana sup mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Medicago truncatula |
| genetic basis of pappus differentiation |
is poorly understood |
pappus differentiation |
|
| AGAMOUS (AG) MADS-box transcription factor |
coordinates |
cell fate determination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| partial and total congenital stamen/carpel fusion |
is |
rare in angiosperms |
|
| reduced expression of LtWDR-44 because of a promoter insertion |
leads to |
short stamens |
Linum trigynum |
| cold treatment |
arrested |
flower development |
Alstroemeria |
| S-like RNases |
are commonly expressed in |
flowers |
|
| (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) protein |
is present throughout |
cyathium development |
Euphorbia |
| STM-PNY/ (BLH8, PNF, AT2G27990) dimers and the floral integrator complexes FT–FD and AGL24-SOC1 |
function to specify |
flower meristem identity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) |
functions to specify |
flower meristem identity by activating the late flower meristem identity genes, including APETALA 1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) |
interacts with |
F-box protein UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TM6 and TAP3 |
have acquired |
distinct functions |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| distinct PRC2 variants |
regulate |
AG spatiotemporal expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AG overexpressor lines |
display |
early flowering with curled leaves |
|
| (ABX45, AS11, ATDGAT, AtDGAT1, DGAT1, RDS1, TAG1, AT2G19450) |
is expressed in |
inflorescences |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (ABX45, AS11, ATDGAT, AtDGAT1, DGAT1, RDS1, TAG1, AT2G19450) RNAi lines (430 bp construct) |
display |
severe phenotype in flowers |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| FRUITFULL (AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) |
has function in |
floral meristem identity specification |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pAP1::TFL1 transgenic line |
delayed production of |
flowers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proper floral development |
requires |
precise alignment between organ identity domains and physical whorl boundaries |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| adenine nucleotide translocator gene expression |
showed minor peak around |
petal opening (stage S1) |
|
| (ATWOX13, HB-4, WOX13, AT4G35550) |
appeared to affect |
floral transition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inflorescence–flower boundary |
is blurred in |
monocot order Pandanales |
|
| asteraceous pseudanthial inflorescences |
contain |
radially symmetric disc florets surrounded by monosymmetric ray florets |
Dendranthema lavandulifolium |
| SUPERMAN (SUP) |
functions in |
floral meristem termination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cryptochromes |
mediate |
blue-light stimulation of floral initiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ovule development |
is controlled by |
ABCDE model |
|
| SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) |
is proposed to function with |
FT–FD complex |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| STM–PNY/ (BLH8, PNF, AT2G27990) FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)–FLOWERING LOCUS D (FD), and LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) –UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) complexes |
co-operatively regulate |
APETALA 1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) during the later stages of flower meristem specification |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genotypic difference in ovary size observed in the current study |
seems to be a consequence of |
processes occurring early in floret development |
Sorghum bicolor |
| 35S:SUP flowers |
show |
pistils with more than two carpels |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| ae4 (AVB1, IFL, IFL1, REV, AT5G60690) double mutant flowers |
lacked |
inner whorl floral organs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hypermethylation |
is associated with |
silencing of genes involved in floral development |
Linaria vulgaris; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| petals |
display |
considerable diversity in size, morphology, and colour |
|
| petal blade coloration |
is due to the presence of |
leucoplasts or chromoplasts |
|
| inferior ovary wall |
may result from |
fusion of floral organs with the ovary |
|
| floral lifespan |
is |
species specific and precisely controlled trait |
|
| ectopic expression of AG-subfamily genes |
caused |
homeotic alteration in floral organs |
|
| APETALA1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) |
represses |
(AGL22, FAQ1, SVP, AT2G22540) |
|
| axillary meristems |
acquire floral identity primarily through activity of |
meristem identity genes LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) and APETALA 1 (AGL7, AP1, AtAP1, AT1G69120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type tobacco flowers |
have |
first whorl (calyx) composed of five green sepals fused at base |
Nicotiana tabacum |