| flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) and flavonol synthase (ATFLS1, FLS, FLS1, AT5G08640) |
jointly catalyze conversion of |
naringenin to flavonols |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| most abundant pepper flavonoids |
are indicative of |
major dominant gene determining their content |
Capsicum annuum |
| BC1S1 populations |
were used to confirm |
QTL and underlying candidate gene |
Capsicum annuum |
| miR172-mediated repression of (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) |
alters |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
Malus domestica |
| fungal infection |
increases |
general transcriptional activity in flavonoid pathway |
Picea abies |
| flavonol synthase (ATFLS1, FLS, FLS1, AT5G08640) |
catalyzes formation of |
kaempferol |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| ripe fruits of F2 plants |
were analysed for |
flavonoid composition |
Capsicum annuum |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) and (ANS, LDOX, TDS4, TT18, AT4G22880) |
may be directly regulated by |
MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional activator complex |
Quercus dentata |
| FLAVONOL SYNTHASE (ATFLS1, FLS, FLS1, AT5G08640) mutant |
does not contain |
flavonols |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| conservation of phenylpropanoid pathway (S4), early flavonoid pathway (S7) and proanthocyanidin (S5 and AtMYB5-like) MYB regulators |
was found in |
amaranth |
Amaranthus hypochondriacus |
| 51 enzymatic genes |
annotated in |
flavonoid biosynthesis pathway |
Quercus dentata |
| TRANSPARENT TESTA 7 (CYP75B1, D501, TT7, AT5G07990) |
is essential player in |
modulation of seed longevity |
|
| transparent testa mutant (TT15, TTG15, UGT80B1, AT1G43620) |
has |
altered flavonoid profile |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoid biosynthesis |
is |
only partially explored in pepper |
Capsicum annuum |
| Long Sweet (P12) |
has contrasting levels of flavonoids in ripe fruits compared to |
AC2212 (P24) |
Capsicum annuum |
| flavone synthase |
catalyzes conversion of |
naringenin to flavones |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| MYB12-like allele from C. annuum Long Sweet |
may be exploited to |
breed high-flavonoid pepper cultivars |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| tt3-4 tt7cr seeds |
exhibit overaccumulation of |
kaempferol compounds |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genistin |
is |
metabolite in the pathway from p-coumaryl acid to nicotiflorin |
Glycine max |
| flavonoid variation |
is due to |
decoration of the basic skeleton by modifying enzymes |
|
| several flavonoids |
clustered together based on |
highly correlated accumulation pattern |
Capsicum annuum |
| CaMYB12-like silenced fruits |
showed significant decrease in |
flavonoid content |
Capsicum annuum |
| K-3-R |
has |
precise role unknown |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| suppression of GmCHR1/2/3/4 |
led to |
accumulations of genistin |
Glycine max |
| increased supply of cinnamoyl-CoA on adaxial surface |
is result of |
increased formation of UV-absorbing flavonoid |
Erythroxylum coca |
| (ATNTRA, NTR2, NTRA, AT2G17420) (ATNTRB, NTR1, NTRB, AT4G35460) mutant |
accumulates higher levels of |
flavonoids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inactivation of the flavonoid pathway |
does not rescue |
retarded growth of (ATNTRA, NTR2, NTRA, AT2G17420) (ATNTRB, NTR1, NTRB, AT4G35460) mutant |
|
| kaempferol 3,7-di-rhamnoside |
accumulates at |
high levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (UGT78D1, AT1G30530) glycosyltransferase |
catalyzes |
flavonol 3-O-rhamnosylation |
|
| F3′H (QD10G034000) |
gene expression highly correlated with |
accumulation of five anthocyanins at autumn leaf stages S4–S5 |
Quercus dentata |
| fc5.1 QTL |
controls |
content of several major flavonoids of different structures |
Capsicum annuum |
| tt10-2 mutant |
accumulates |
soluble proanthocyanidins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 4CL (QD09G051600, QD01G027240, QD02G142950) |
gene expression highly correlated with |
accumulation of five anthocyanins at autumn leaf stages S4–S5 |
Quercus dentata |
| K-3-R levels in (CYP75B1, D501, TT7, AT5G07990) |
increase |
16-fold |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| brown-coded module |
identified |
six enzymatic genes for flavonoid synthesis and five chlorophyll catabolic genes |
Quercus dentata |
| chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
catalyzes formation of |
naringenin chalcone |
|
| flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) |
was transformed into |
DFR-knockout white-flowered gentian line |
|
| Arabidopsis SG19 genes |
have |
specific functions in flavonols |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| accumulation of flavonoid glycosides in c3h1 mutants |
has been attributed to |
stress-induced synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATFLS1, FLS, FLS1, AT5G08640) mutants |
lack |
flavonols |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATFLS1, FLS, FLS1, AT5G08640) (CYP75B1, D501, TT7, AT5G07990) double mutant |
would contain |
proanthocyanidins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chalcone reductase |
is generally believed to involve |
metabolic process from p-coumaryl acid to daidzin |
|
| metabolic analysis of NILs |
revealed that most significant associations detected in F2 population were |
consistent in more advanced NILs |
Capsicum annuum |
| kaempferol aglycone |
accumulates |
tt3-4 tt7cr mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) (QD06G044950) |
gene expression highly correlated with |
accumulation of five anthocyanins at autumn leaf stages S4–S5 |
Quercus dentata |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) and (ANS, LDOX, TDS4, TT18, AT4G22880) |
represent |
key biosynthetic enzymes in early and late stages of flavonols/anthocyanins synthesis |
Quercus dentata |
| Quercetin-Methyl-O-hexose-O-rhamnose |
showed most significant association with |
fc5.1 locus |
Capsicum annuum |
| endothelium cells |
synthesize |
proanthocyanidins (PAs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FNS1 homologs |
are frequently absent outside of |
Apiaceae species |
|
| many other flavonoids |
are still readily synthesized in |
betalain-producing species |
|
| GmHAD1-2 |
influences |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
Glycine max |
| FLAVONOID 3′-HYDROXYLASE (CYP75B1, D501, TT7, AT5G07990) mutant |
does not contain |
quercetin-derived flavonols |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoid 3′ hydroxylase gene (CYP75B1, D501, TT7, AT5G07990) |
loss of function dramatically affects |
seed coat development |
|
| tt3-4 tt7cr seeds |
are depleted in |
quercetins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) (naringenin-chalcone synthase) |
is |
naringenin-chalcone synthase |
|
| (ANS, LDOX, TDS4, TT18, AT4G22880) (QD12G029520) |
gene expression highly correlated with |
accumulation of five anthocyanins at autumn leaf stages S4–S5 |
Quercus dentata |
| brown-coded module |
resolved |
potential regulatory networks for flavonoid metabolite synthesis and chlorophyll degradation |
Quercus dentata |
| (HY5, TED 5, AT5G11260) QD02G034660 |
may regulate |
anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation |
Quercus dentata |
| rol1-2 mutant |
has |
modified flavonol glycosylation profile |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoid variation in pepper fruit |
was studied using |
LC–MS followed by quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis |
Capsicum annuum |
| naringenin chalcone |
is converted to |
naringenin |
|
| kaempferol-3-rhamnoside |
accumulates in |
seed coat |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| naringenin |
can be converted to |
flavones |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| loss-of-function mutants of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway |
used to study |
effect of altered flavonoid composition on seed coat development and seed longevity |
|
| flavonoid pathway upstream of anthocyanin production |
is reported to be |
intact in betalain-producing species |
|
| annotated (ANS, LDOX, TDS4, TT18, AT4G22880) candidate gene |
shows low similarity to |
sequences from other species |
Amaranthus hypochondriacus |
| concentration of nicotiflorin (flavonoid) |
was significantly reduced by |
Pi starvation |
Glycine max |
| 265 nm peak |
increase is more pronounced than |
300–360 nm peak |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tt4_583 mutant |
is |
mutant with impaired flavonoid biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Capsicum annuum Long Sweet |
was shown to accumulate |
high levels of flavonoids |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| (GL3, MYC6.2, AT5G41315) (AtEGL3, ATMYC-2, EGL1, EGL3, AT1G63650) and (AtTT8, BHLH42, TT8, AT4G09820) |
involved in regulation of |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CHALCONE SYNTHASE (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) promoter-driven reporter |
is expressed in |
guard cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transparent testa4-2 mutant |
has null mutation in |
chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Hydroxylation at 5′ position |
converts |
quercetin into myricetin |
Vitis vinifera |
| wild-type plants |
accumulates less |
soluble flavonoids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| peaks located between 265 and 360 nm |
represent |
flavonoid pigments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoid synthesis pathway |
trifurcates into |
flavonol, anthocyanin, and PA synthesis pathways |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMYBL2, MYBL2, AT1G71030) |
is |
regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FLAVONOL SYNTHASE1 |
is necessary for synthesis of |
flavonols from dihydroflavonols |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATRAPTOR1B, RAPTOR1, RAPTOR1B, AT3G08850) lines |
show significant increases in |
total flavonoids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (BAN, AT1G61720) (ATTT12, TT12, AT3G59030) and (TT15, TTG15, UGT80B1, AT1G43620) mutants |
can synthesize |
flavonols and anthocyanins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| protoplast creation |
causes damage to cells that increases |
expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| accumulation of flavonoid glycosides in c3h1 mutants |
is not |
metabolic overflow |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARABIDOPSIS MYB-LIKE2 (ATMYBL2, MYBL2, AT1G71030) |
is |
new regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR, M318, TT3, AT5G42800) |
catalyzes |
anthocyanin and PA synthesis |
|
| chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
shows only moderate induction in roots of |
(GNR1, NIA1, NR1, AT1G77760) (ATNR2, B29, CHL3, NIA2, NIA2-1, NR, NR2, AT1G37130) and (ATNOA1, ATNOS1, NOA1, NOS1, RIF1, SVR10, AT3G47450) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FHY2, FRE1, HY8, PHYA, AT1G09570) mutant |
shows normal CHS accumulation response to |
sunflecks |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavan-3-ols |
are produced in |
last steps of the flavonoid pathway |
|
| (AtUVR8, UVR8, AT5G63860) mutant |
shows reduced |
(ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) protein accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoids |
are specifically synthesized in |
(ATNOA1, ATNOS1, NOA1, NOS1, RIF1, SVR10, AT3G47450) and (GNR1, NIA1, NR1, AT1G77760) (ATNR2, B29, CHL3, NIA2, NIA2-1, NR, NR2, AT1G37130) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) and (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) |
control synthesis of |
chalcone and naringenin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) expression |
is |
significantly higher in BBX21-OE than control plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| UGT75C1 |
is involved in |
5-O-glycosylation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cloning and characterization of enzymatically active naringenin 8-prenyltransferase |
paves the way for |
subsequent investigations of membrane enzymes |
|
| MYB transcription factors and (bHLH, AT5G51780) proteins |
regulate |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
Zea mays; Petunia hybrida; Antirrhinum majus; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DAMs between GE and their non-GE counterparts |
significantly associated with |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| genome-wide epistatic interaction targets of Rc and (ATIPT5, IPT5, AT5G19040) |
include |
target genes involved in phenylpropanoid and lignin biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway, isoprenoid metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| flavonoid C-glycosides |
accumulate exclusively in |
lotus plumule |
Nelumbo nucifera |
| hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioester |
required for |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
|
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) (chalcone synthase) |
expression is |
higher in transgenic plants |
Solanum tuberosum |
| brief exposures to sunlight |
stimulates accumulation of |
(ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| peaks located between 265 and 360 nm |
are much lower in |
tt4_583 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) (flavanone 3-hydroxylase) |
expression is |
higher in transgenic plants |
Solanum tuberosum |
| FLAVANONE 3β-HYDROXYLASE (TRANSPARENT TESTA6 (F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) ) |
shows strong induction in roots of |
(ATNOA1, ATNOS1, NOA1, NOS1, RIF1, SVR10, AT3G47450) and (GNR1, NIA1, NR1, AT1G77760) (ATNR2, B29, CHL3, NIA2, NIA2-1, NR, NR2, AT1G37130) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| brief exposures to sunlight |
stimulates expression of |
chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HY3, OOP1, PHYB, AT2G18790) mutant |
shows normal CHS accumulation response to |
sunflecks |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inhibition of flavonoid biosynthesis |
leads to sensitivity to |
UV-C radiation |
|
| flavonoid UGTs from sweet orange |
show incongruencies between |
tight phylogenetic relationships and experimentally determined catalytic properties |
Citrus sinensis |
| PABA |
does not rely on |
the flavonoid pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| B-ring hydroxylation at positions 6 and 8 of flavonoid skeleton |
is limited to |
few plant families only, like Asteraceae |
|
| inefficiency of naringenin in reaching biosynthetic complexes |
may explain |
failure of flavonoid levels to reach wild-type levels in complemented (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduced Fra a gene expression |
accounts for |
reduced expression of flavonoid pathway genes |
Fragaria x ananassa |
| chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) chalcone isomerase (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) and flavanone 3β-hydroxylase (F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) |
are |
Early Biosynthetic Genes (EBG) |
|
| introduction of BnaA09.ZEP or BnaC09.ZEP |
alters |
flavonoid biosynthesis in petals |
Brassica napus |
| f3′h mutants |
have |
less flavonol glycosides |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| R2R3-Myb type TF and basic helix-loop-helix type TF (bHLH) and WD repeat TF complex |
controls |
other flavonoids |
|
| CHALCONE ISOMERASE1 (VviCHI1) |
was found in |
different coexpression modules in networks of each variety |
Vitis vinifera (Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir) |
| C-glucosyltransferase (CGT) from rice |
catalyzes |
flavone 6- and 8 C-glycosylation |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATMYB12, MYB12, PFG1, AT2G47460) |
regulates expression of |
genes encoding various enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GI deficiency |
causes |
enhanced accumulation of anthocyanins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AT-PHH1, ATCRY2, CRY2, FHA, PHH1, AT1G04400) mutant |
shows normal CHS accumulation response to |
sunflecks |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMYB12, MYB12, PFG1, AT2G47460) |
activates expression of |
F3′H (CYP75B1, D501, TT7, AT5G07990) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATFLS1, FLS, FLS1, AT5G08640) |
is induced in |
(ATR4, CYP83B1, RED1, RNT1, SUR2, AT4G31500) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 8-monohydroxylase |
is |
dependent on NADPH and FAD |
Chrysanthemum segetum |
| biosynthesis of flavonoids |
is |
constitutive in plants |
|
| phloroglucinolic structures |
are formed in |
chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) enzymes |
|
| several MYB transcription factor family members |
promote |
flavonoid accumulation |
|
| flavonoid variation |
will require future work to uncover |
hierarchy of control of their levels by genes involved in this interval |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 8-monohydroxylase |
is clearly different from |
classical cytochrome P450s |
Chrysanthemum segetum |
| proteins co-down-regulated with strawberry allergen |
include |
dihydroflavonol reductase |
Fragaria x ananassa |
| effects on other rice enzymes |
could account for |
observed naringenin QTL |
Oryza sativa |
| wild-type and transformants/mutants of flavonoid biosynthetic pathways |
have been used to denote |
functions of metabolites against oxidation and drought stresses |
|
| SA |
positively regulates |
sakuranetin biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| flavonoid mQTL |
further validated via transient overexpression of |
Solyc12g096870 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| overlapping region of ILs 12-3 and 12-4 on chromosome 12 |
likely harbors |
one or more flavonoid rhamnosyltransferase genes |
Solanum lycopersicum; Solanum pennellii |
| (ATMYB12, MYB12, PFG1, AT2G47460) |
strongly activates expression of |
(F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C-glycosylation of flavonoid A-ring |
has been known for |
more than 20 years |
|
| VvCHI gene product |
catalyzes synthesis of |
PA and anthocyanin precursors |
|
| (ATMYB12, MYB12, PFG1, AT2G47460) |
regulates expression of |
flavonol synthase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| six putative TFs in flavonoid biosynthesis |
were significantly altered in |
APSP and CPSP |
Brassica napus |
| F3′H (CYP75B1, D501, TT7, AT5G07990) |
was up-regulated in |
(ATR4, CYP83B1, RED1, RNT1, SUR2, AT4G31500) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) and (ATFLS1, FLS, FLS1, AT5G08640) expression |
is compromised in |
uvr8-6 and myb13-2 under −UV-B |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes |
promotes |
flavonoid accumulation |
|
| flavonoid, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis |
were |
most-altered pathways between orange and yellow petals |
Brassica napus |
| 19 flavonoids |
showed significantly higher accumulation in |
APSP and CPSP than in O271 |
Brassica napus |
| (ATMYB12, MYB12, PFG1, AT2G47460) |
activates |
flavone 3-hydroxylase–flavone synthase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| open chain form of 2-hydroxyflavone |
is proposed as |
substrate of C-glucosyltransferase |
|
| flavonol synthase genes |
showed expression patterns following |
diurnal rhythm |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CHALCONE ISOMERASE 1 |
participates in |
type VI trichome formation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) mutant |
normally has no |
flavonols |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
catalyzes |
anthocyanin and PA synthesis |
|
| (bHLH, AT5G51780) family members |
are involved in regulation of |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
|
| MYB regulators of flavonoid pathway |
is strictly dependent on |
(bHLH, AT5G51780) partner |
Vitis vinifera |
| (DFR, M318, TT3, AT5G42800) |
was exception to |
up-regulation of flavonoid pathway genes |
Brassica napus |
| flavonol synthesis |
was positively correlated with |
cytokinin levels in root cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| protein sequence differences |
could account for |
observed naringenin QTL |
Oryza sativa |
| GT707A3 |
produces three different glucosides with |
apigenin as substrate |
Oryza sativa |
| flavonoids |
are derived from |
phenylalanine |
|
| flavonoid biosynthesis genes |
are transcriptionally activated by |
light |
|
| chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) enzymes |
are crucial for |
flavonoid biosynthesis in all plant species |
|
| Oryza sativa CGT |
could not be identified by |
simple sequence similarity approach |
Oryza sativa |
| 2-hydroxyflavone |
exists in equilibrium with |
open chain form |
|
| Arabidopsis (bHLH, AT5G51780) proteins |
participate in the control of |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| UV-B radiation |
increases levels of |
flavones |
Ginkgo biloba |
| yellow petals of APSP and CPSP |
had 5- to 447-fold higher levels of |
flavonols such as isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin and tamarixetin |
Brassica napus |
| (CCT2, AT5G20890) dimerization |
induces expression of |
chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis stamens |
accumulate |
quercetin derivatives |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chalcone 3-hydroxylase (CH3H) |
shows high specificity for |
chalcones |
Cosmos sulphureus |
| chalcone 3-hydroxylase (CH3H) |
exhibits low |
F3′H activity |
Cosmos sulphureus |
| novel CH3H enzyme |
is responsible for |
chalcone 3-hydroxylation in planta |
Cosmos sulphureus |
| peak 6 |
is tentatively identified as |
Kaempferol-O-deoxyhexose-O-hexoside |
Lotus corniculatus |
| UGT75C1 |
is |
one of the UGTs involved in flavonoid biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavanone 3β-hydroxylase (F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) |
catalyzes |
anthocyanin and PA synthesis |
|
| htl-1 mutant |
accumulated much less |
anthocyanin pigments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| many cultivars |
accumulate neither |
sakuranetin nor naringenin at high concentrations |
Oryza sativa |
| (F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) |
is induced in |
(ATR4, CYP83B1, RED1, RNT1, SUR2, AT4G31500) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C-glycosylation activity in rice and wheat |
may proceed via |
mechanism involving 2-hydroxyflavone intermediate |
Oryza sativa; Triticum aestivum |
| flavonone-3′-hydroxylase (F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) |
is involved in synthesizing |
kaempferol and quercetin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| anthocyanins |
is |
major flavonoid group in grapevine |
Vitis vinifera |
| epistatic interactions of Rc |
identified a number of genetic variants within |
Rd gene |
|
| flavonol levels in (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) mutant complemented with naringenin |
reach approximately 30% of |
flavonol levels in Ler wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonone-3′-hydroxylase |
is involved in synthesizing |
kaempferol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| WD40 proteins |
have |
general role in regulatory complex |
|
| (ATMYB12, MYB12, PFG1, AT2G47460) |
regulates expression of |
flavanone 3-hydroxylase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Solyc12g098600 overexpression |
results in up to 13-fold increases in |
quercetin-3-O-sophoroside-rhamnoside and other flavone derivatives |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Solyc12g098600 |
is the most likely gene responsible for content of |
quercetin-3-O-sophoroside-rhamnoside |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| catechin |
belongs to |
proanthocyanidins |
|
| (ATMYB12, MYB12, PFG1, AT2G47460) |
was up-regulated in |
(ATR4, CYP83B1, RED1, RNT1, SUR2, AT4G31500) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMYB12, MYB12, PFG1, AT2G47460) |
strongly activates expression of |
(ATFLS1, FLS, FLS1, AT5G08640) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (UGT78D1, AT1G30530) |
is |
one of the UGTs involved in flavonoid biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) |
is a target gene of |
(ATMYB12, MYB12, PFG1, AT2G47460) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATTTG1, TTG, TTG1, URM23, AT5G24520) (TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1) |
is |
WD40 protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VvMYBPA1 |
controls |
PA synthesis |
Vitis vinifera |
| SlMYB12 |
is likely candidate for |
pink-colored Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit 'y' mutation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| rice cultivars with low sakuranetin |
do not always accumulate high |
naringenin levels |
Oryza sativa |
| flavonoid rhamnosyltransferase genes |
are either absent or non-functional in |
Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| glucuronosyl-transferase (GlurT) UGT94B1 |
is |
soluble |
Bellis perennis |
| flavonoid levels in complemented (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) mutant |
fail to reach |
flavonoid levels in wild-type seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| common flavonoid precursors |
diverge into |
different classes of flavonoids |
|
| VvMYC1 |
participates in control of |
anthocyanin and PA pathways in grape berries |
Vitis vinifera |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) and (ATFLS1, FLS, FLS1, AT5G08640) expression in myb13-2 |
remains lower than |
Col-0 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis |
showed that rescuing either of the two genes indirectly influenced |
expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes |
Brassica napus |
| LOC_Os06g44170 and LOC_Os06g44180 |
involved in |
flavonoid metabolism |
Oryza sativa |
| schaftoside |
is |
flavone di-C-glycoside |
Nelumbo nucifera |
| CcCBL1 and CcCIPK14 |
may directly or indirectly regulate the expression of |
HIDH |
|
| Scutellaria baicalensis roots |
harbor |
flavonoids with unusual hydroxylation, methylation, or glycosylation pattern |
Scutellaria baicalensis |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) mutants |
lack |
tannins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of glycosylation in Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 |
is characteristic of |
flavonol-3-O-glycoside-O-rhamnoside |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| MBW complex |
is a key regulatory unit for the regulation of |
proanthocyanidins in seeds |
|
| CcGRA3 |
might interact with |
flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes |
|
| CcCIPK14 and CcCBL1 |
regulate the expression level of |
IF7GT |
|
| spatial distribution of biosynthetic products |
correlates with |
gene expression profile |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMYB11, MYB11, PFG2, AT3G62610) (ATMYB12, MYB12, PFG1, AT2G47460) (ATMYB111, MYB111, PFG3, AT5G49330) triple knockout seedlings |
do not form |
flavonols |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VvMYC1 |
might be involved in regulating |
anthocyanin and PA synthesis |
Vitis vinifera |
| hyperaccumulation of flavonoids |
was thought to be responsible for |
reduced growth of HCT-deficient plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| unidentified transcription factor |
may act as repressor of |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
Brassica napus |
| Rc locus |
is well documented to participate in |
synthesis of proanthocyanidins |
|
| transgenic modification of Os07g32020 |
could be used to regulate |
production of naringenin, sakuranetin and other rice flavonoids |
Oryza sativa |
| flavonoids |
are important for |
flower pigmentation |
|
| flavanone 3-hydroxylase |
was previously shown to be induced in |
berry skin after ABA treatment |
Vitis vinifera |
| VvABF2 overexpression |
also led to stimulation of |
flavanone 3-hydroxylase pathway |
Vitis vinifera |
| (ATFLS1, FLS, FLS1, AT5G08640) mutants |
retain capacity to synthesize |
anthocyanins and PAs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sunflecks |
increased |
chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) gene expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| peaks at 265 and 330 nm |
correspond to |
UV-absorbing pigments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| selective accumulation of flavonoids in (ATNTRA, NTR2, NTRA, AT2G17420) (ATNTRB, NTR1, NTRB, AT4G35460) mutant |
might have |
biological significance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| early biosynthetic genes (EBGs) |
can lead to |
flavonol biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CcCIPK14-CcCBL1 complex |
regulates |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
Cajanus cajan |
| naringenin |
is precursor for biosynthesis of |
apigenin |
Oryza sativa |
| flavonol synthase 1 (FS1) |
is involved in synthesizing |
kaempferol and quercetin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| catechin and epicatechin |
constitute precursors for |
PA (proanthocyanidin or condensed tannin) polymer |
|
| (ATMYB13, ATMYBLFGN, MYB13, AT1G06180) |
positively regulates |
(ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) and (ATFLS1, FLS, FLS1, AT5G08640) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoid profiles in complementary lines |
were greatly altered compared to |
mutant |
Brassica napus |
| CcGRA3 |
might regulate |
catalytic cycle of flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes |
|
| naringenin |
serves as precursor for biosynthesis of |
quercetin |
|
| FFT-directed GUS staining location |
is close to locations of |
(ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) and chalcone isomerase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| recombinant chalcone 3-hydroxylase (CH3H) protein |
catalyzes |
introduction of hydroxyl group in B-ring of chalcones |
Cosmos sulphureus |
| increase in dihydromyricetin |
is detected in |
Brunfelsia flowers after opening |
Brunfelsia |
| expression profiles of flavonoid pathway genes |
correlate with |
synthesis of respective flavonoid classes |
Vitis vinifera |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) and (ATFLS1, FLS, FLS1, AT5G08640) expression |
is induced by |
UV-B light |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Solyc12g096870 |
encodes |
seed-specific uridine 5′-diphosphate-glycosyltransferase |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| modification of Os07g32020 gene |
could be used to increase production of |
sakuranetin rice flavonoids |
Oryza sativa |
| (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) gene |
is |
key gene for flavonoid synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Nicotiana benthamiana |
has been used to produce |
montbretin A |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| C2 motif |
is also present in |
repressor (ATMYB4, MYB4, AT4G38620) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FaMYB1 |
can specifically bind to |
number of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) partners |
|
| several cDNAs homologous with chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
are |
biosynthetic genes of the flavonoid pathway |
Gerbera hybrida |
| GMYB11 |
is suggested to be an orthologue of |
(ATMYB123, ATTT2, MYB123, TT2, AT5G35550) |
Gerbera hybrida; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| WDR1 co-activator |
was only affected at 5 WAV between |
treatments T1 and T3 |
|
| (DFR, M318, TT3, AT5G42800) gene |
encodes |
dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR, M318, TT3, AT5G42800) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATFLS1, FLS, FLS1, AT5G08640) gene |
showed |
high transcript abundance in high-light Mitchell plants |
Petunia |
| naringenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside |
are lower in |
GT707A3 mutant lines |
Oryza sativa |
| proteins co-down-regulated with strawberry allergen |
include |
chalcone synthase |
Fragaria x ananassa |
| transcriptional regulation of flavonoid pathway |
has been studied in |
maize (Zea mays), snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), apple (Malus domestica), and grapevine (Vitis vinifera) |
Zea mays; Antirrhinum majus; Arabidopsis thaliana; Malus domestica; Vitis vinifera |
| CcCIPK13 and CcCIPK14 overexpression |
significantly upregulates |
genistein |
Cajanus cajan |
| CcCBL1 and CcCIPK14 |
may directly or indirectly regulate the expression of |
IF7GTs |
|
| MdbHLH33 |
is |
key modulator in apple flavonoid biosynthesis |
Malus domestica |
| DkMYB14 |
reduces promoter activity of |
DkF3'5'H |
|
| light |
significantly increases |
flavonoid accumulation |
Vitis vinifera L. |
| Arabidopsis TRANSPARENT TESTA 8 (AtTT8, BHLH42, TT8, AT4G09820) |
regulates |
flavonoid synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| coloured phenotypes |
matched with |
activation of the early and late flavonoid biosynthetic genes |
Petunia axillaris; Petunia hybrida |
| linked markers identified by QTL mapping |
will make it possible to introgress |
favorable high-naringenin allele from IR64 into other rice germplasm |
Oryza sativa |
| flavonoid content |
increased along with decreased |
GhnsLTPsA10 expression levels |
Gossypium hirsutum; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auronidins |
are |
class of red flavonoid pigments |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| DkF3'5'H |
is shared with |
anthocyanin, flavonol and PA biosynthetic pathways |
|
| flavonoid decorations |
is focused on |
difference in biological functions |
|
| (M20, AT1G18680) module |
is significantly enriched in genes associated with |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| CcCIPK14 and CcCBL1 |
regulate the expression level of |
(ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
|
| elevated Os12g13800 expression |
leads to |
higher accumulation of sakuranetin |
Oryza sativa |
| proanthocyanidins (PAs or condensed tannins) |
is |
major flavonoid group in grapevine |
Vitis vinifera |
| MYB transcription factors |
interact with |
(bHLH, AT5G51780) proteins |
Zea mays; Petunia hybrida; Antirrhinum majus; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dwarf phenotype of HCT-downregulated Arabidopsis plants |
is independent of |
flavonoid accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lesion mimic rice mutants |
is frequently associated with accumulation of |
sakuranetin |
|
| two allelic variants from Dahlia variabilis |
encode |
flavonoid 3′-hydroxylases (F3′H) |
Dahlia variabilis |
| recombinant enzyme from Cosmos sulphureus |
shows low conversion rate of |
kaempferol (KAM) |
Cosmos sulphureus |
| chalcone isomerase (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) |
was up-regulated |
whole berries treated before véraison |
Vitis vinifera |
| flavonol glycoside levels in (UGT73C7, AT3G53160) OE snc1-11 double mutants |
were comparable to |
wild-type levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CcCIPK14-CcCBL1 complex |
plays a role in |
drought stress tolerance |
Cajanus cajan |
| independent component analysis on transcriptome data |
was efficiently used for |
prediction of involvement of glycosyltransferase genes in the pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sulfur deficiency |
induces |
anthocyanin biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| consecutive enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis |
are organized into |
macromolecular complexes |
|
| sakuranetin accumulation |
is associated with induction of |
(TT1, WIP1, AT1G34790) expression |
|
| epidermis predominant (EP) genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis |
are identified, suggesting that |
flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is epidermis specific |
|
| isoliquiritigenin |
is |
2′,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone |
|
| butein |
is |
2′,3,4,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone |
|
| flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) |
is |
enzyme with activity in flavonoid biosynthesis |
sorghum |
| (TT1, WIP1, AT1G34790) |
may be involved in |
sakuranetin synthesis |
|
| white anther petunia mutant |
lacks |
(ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) enzyme |
Petunia |
| major part of flavonols in Arabidopsis leaves |
are |
kaempferol derivatives |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| F3′H from C. sulphureus |
was not able to catalyse |
hydroxylation of chalcones in the B-ring |
Cosmos sulphureus |
| (DFR, M318, TT3, AT5G42800) and (ANS, LDOX, TDS4, TT18, AT4G22880) steady-state levels |
are significantly reduced in |
lines 16, 17, 20, and 21 |
Lotus corniculatus |
| FaMYB1 |
dampens |
biosynthesis of flavonoid pigments |
Lotus corniculatus |
| Os05g49900 (chalcone synthase) |
was down-regulated in |
(PXY, TDR, AT5G61480) mutant |
Oryza sativa |
| 3-hydroxylation of flavanones |
leads to formation of |
flavonols |
|
| F3′H |
generates |
3′-hydroxylated flavonoids |
sorghum |
| (UGT78D3, AT5G17030) |
is closely related to |
(UGT78D2, AT5G17050) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) |
catalyzes synthesis of |
catechin |
|
| One DEG in KO00941 'flavonoid biosynthesis' pathway in Experiment II |
downregulated in |
Experiment II |
|
| epistatic interactions of Rc and (ATIPT5, IPT5, AT5G19040) |
were found in |
flavonoid metabolism gene encoding chalcone synthase |
|
| (CCT2, AT5G20890) dimerization |
induces expression of |
chalcone isomerase (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| deduced amino acid sequence of isolated cDNA from Cosmos sulphureus |
shares high identity with |
F3′H sequences which do not accept chalcones as substrates |
Cosmos sulphureus |
| peak 9 |
is tentatively identified as |
Kaempferol-O-deoxyhexose-O-deoxyhexose malonate |
Lotus corniculatus |
| naringenin |
is core metabolite that leads to production of |
anthocyanins |
|
| preharvest water stress |
induced |
expression of flavonoid structural genes during berry development |
Vitis vinifera |
| (ATTTG1, TTG, TTG1, URM23, AT5G24520) mutant |
lacks |
flavonoid fluorescence in root hairs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| QTL for naringenin abundance |
maps to |
cluster of four glucosyltransferase |
Oryza sativa |
| GT707A3 |
is not |
only biosynthetic enzyme for naringenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside |
Oryza sativa |
| genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes |
have been extensively characterized by |
integration of transcriptomics and metabolic profiling followed by reverse genetic approaches |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NbFD1 promoter |
contains |
flavonoid biosynthesis element |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| CcCBL1 overexpression |
displays higher |
flavonoid content |
Cajanus cajan |
| CcCBL1 and CcCIPK14 |
may directly or indirectly regulate the expression of |
genes encoding flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes |
|
| blue delphinidins |
is |
diverse flavonoid pigments |
|
| transparent testa (tt) mutants |
particularly useful for study of |
proanthocyanidins (PAs) biosynthesis stages |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CH3H expression |
has physiological relevance that remains open in |
seedlings |
Cosmos sulphureus |
| (F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) and FNS |
are competing enzymes using |
same flavanone substrates |
|
| OsWRKY13 |
mediates positive interaction with |
flavonoid biosynthesis pathway |
Oryza sativa |
| OsWRKY13 |
induces |
Os01g24980 |
|
| CM087F05, CM100D01, and CM113E06 |
encode |
chalcone synthase |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| MYB and (bHLH, AT5G51780) transcription factors |
combinatorial interactions are central to |
regulation of gene expression in flavonoid pathway |
|
| MBW complex |
is involved in |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
|
| FaMYB1 plant line 4N |
shows down-regulation of |
(DFR, M318, TT3, AT5G42800) mRNA levels |
Lotus corniculatus |
| compounds (7), (10), and (11) |
belong to |
flavonol derivatives |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VvMYBPAR |
significantly activated the promoters of |
VvF3'5'Hd |
Vitis vinifera |
| (ATMYB12, MYB12, PFG1, AT2G47460) (Solyc01g079620) |
regulates expression of |
SlCHS1 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (KAT5, PKT1, PKT2, AT5G48880) |
is co-expressed with |
genes of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VvMYB5b |
does not regulate |
UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) |
Vitis vinifera |
| nrt2.7-2 mutant |
shows increased |
soluble proanthocyanidin (PA) content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
catalyzes |
conversion of p-coumaroyl-CoA to naringenin chalcone |
|
| upregulation of flavonoid biosynthetic genes |
results in |
accumulation of flavonoids |
|
| DkMYB14 overexpression |
reduced transcript levels of |
DkCHI |
Diospyros kaki |
| SA hydroxylase-knockout lines |
increased |
sakuranetin content |
Oryza sativa |
| enzyme |
could be of broader relevance because it influences |
hydroxylation pattern of chalcones |
|
| ectopic expression of transcription factors in different plant species |
manipulates |
types and amounts of flavonoids that accumulate |
|
| chimeric (IAA26, PAP1, AT3G16500) (Production of Anthocyanin Pigments 1) repressor |
suppresses expression of |
(ATMYB123, ATTT2, MYB123, TT2, AT5G35550) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
is |
key enzyme for flavonoids synthesis |
|
| epidermis predominant genes |
are related to |
biosynthesis of flavonoids |
Citrus clementina |
| FaMYB1 gene |
has been reported to repress |
anthocyanidin pathway |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| flavonoids |
includes |
anthocyanins |
|
| clovers |
is unable to accumulate |
proanthocyanidins (PAs) in leaves |
|
| flavonoid MYB repressors |
operate within |
MBW complex |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TET |
induces accumulation of |
quercetin-3-O-trisaccharide |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| flavonoid compounds |
are highly associated at |
biosynthetic level |
Vitis vinifera |
| hydroxylation of chalcones |
observed only with |
hybrid genes C1, C2, and C5 |
Cosmos sulphureus |
| chalcone isomerase |
is up-regulated following |
abscisic acid (ABA) treatment before véraison |
Vitis vinifera |
| hydroxylation of chalcones in position 3 |
is not a general property of |
flavonoid 3′-hydroxylases (F3′H) |
|
| accumulation of cyanidin-o-glucoside |
suggested that |
PtMYB14 may have role in regulation of flavonoid metabolism |
|
| naringenin |
serves as precursor for biosynthesis of |
anthocyanins |
|
| Os07g32020 mutant lines |
have higher levels of |
sakuranetin |
Oryza sativa |
| quercetin |
is scaffold structure for |
flavonols |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene |
acts indirectly to inhibit the response to gravity through affecting |
rates of flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation |
|
| CM092E03 |
encodes |
flavanone 3-dioxygenase |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| ABT |
induces significant decreases in levels of |
dihydrokaempferol-7-O-hexoside |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| kaempferol concentrations |
are over three times higher than |
quercetin concentrations |
|
| trypthophan-aspartic acid repeat (WDR) proteins |
are |
most-extensively analysed transcription factors |
|
| chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
is dependent on |
PHY-cGMP signalling |
|
| proanthocyanidins |
remain rather constant in |
35S:NS-Vitis3 line |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| UV-B |
stimulates transcription of |
genes encoding flavonoid biosynthesis enzymes |
|
| YY2 |
exhibits substantial homology to |
chalcone synthase |
Oryza sativa |
| flavonoids |
gave distinctive green colour only in |
epidermal layer |
Citrus clementina |
| recombinant enzyme from Cosmos sulphureus |
completely converts |
isoliquiritigenin (ISO) to butein |
Cosmos sulphureus |
| Zmccr1 mutant |
shows up-regulation of |
dihydroflavonol-4-reductase |
Zea mays |
| (ATMYB123, ATTT2, MYB123, TT2, AT5G35550) |
functions as |
bHLH-dependent activator of (DFR, M318, TT3, AT5G42800) and (BAN, AT1G61720) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcription factors |
control |
flavonoid biosynthesis pathway |
|
| MYB5b |
regulates |
flavan-3-ol synthesis |
Vitis vinifera L. |
| significant differences in metabolic profiling of anthocyanins |
was reasonable to expect |
differential expression in some of the flavonoid biosynthetic genes |
|
| flavonol concentration in shade-grown plants |
increases to |
approximately 25 mg g−1 DW in high-light plants |
Petunia |
| UV-B |
stimulates synthesis of |
flavonoids |
|
| chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
is upregulated in |
PtMYB14 overexpression lines |
Picea glauca; Pinus taeda |
| Lotus japonicus |
is unable to accumulate |
proanthocyanidins (PAs) in leaves |
Lotus japonicus |
| compound 9 |
is |
malonated derivative of compound 8 |
Lotus corniculatus |
| Sullu and SA2563 (Andigena clones) |
induced the expression of |
flavonoid genes |
Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena |
| petunia gene encoding chalcone isomerase (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) |
transformation led to |
78-fold increase in fruit peel flavonols |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (CHS2, RPP4, AT4G16860) expression |
was increased by |
light |
|
| Arabidopsis TRANSPARENT TESTA 8 (AtTT8, BHLH42, TT8, AT4G09820) |
is highly up-regulated by |
light and other environmental factors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoid pathway |
shows conservation and diversification from |
algae and early land plants to vascular plants |
|
| studies on increasing number of plant species |
will provide comprehensive insight into |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
|
| OsWRKY13 |
induces |
Os08g44830 |
|
| kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside |
is |
major component of vegetative flavonol glycosides |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FaMYB1 gene |
has been reported to interact with |
(bHLH, AT5G51780) partners |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| SN |
codes for basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein that can interact with |
MYB proteins of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin (PA) pathways |
Zea mays |
| LcTT2 expression |
shows positive correlation with |
(DFR, M318, TT3, AT5G42800) expression |
Lotus corniculatus |
| (ATMYBL2, MYBL2, AT1G71030) |
interacts with |
basic helix-loop-helix protein (AtTT8, BHLH42, TT8, AT4G09820) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMYB12, MYB12, PFG1, AT2G47460) |
regulates |
flavonol biosynthesis |
Vitis vinifera L. |
| expression of members of different transcription factor families |
correlates with |
flavonoid synthesis |
Vitis vinifera L. |
| flavonoid pathway |
is well characterized at |
genetic, enzymatic, and product levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoids |
accumulate in |
Brassicaceae pollen |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MYB-recognition element (MRE) |
is thought to bind |
MYB transcription factors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| significantly expanded gene families in Euscaphis japonica |
are particularly enriched in KEGG pathways of |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
Euscaphis japonica |
| change in flavonoid biosynthetic pathway |
is not caused directly by |
(UGT73C7, AT3G53160) overexpression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DkMYB14 overexpression |
reduced transcript levels of |
DkF3′5′H |
Diospyros kaki |
| groups of enzymes responsible for tailoring reactions including glycosylation, methylation and acylation |
can be predicted from |
final chemical structures of flavonoids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tt10-2 mutant |
shows no browning in |
in situ (ATLAC15, AtTT10, LAC15, TT10, AT5G48100) activity assay with epicatechin substrate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonols |
are produced by |
flavonoid biosynthetic pathway |
|
| anthocyanins |
is |
flavonoid |
|
| flavonols |
is synthesized in |
tapetum |
|
| recombinant enzyme from Cosmos sulphureus |
shows low conversion rate of |
dihydrokaempferol (DHK) |
Cosmos sulphureus |
| (F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) |
may be involved in synthesis of |
flavonoids other than sakuranetin |
|
| recombinant F3′H from Cosmos sulphureus |
confirms |
F3′H activity |
Cosmos sulphureus |
| four DEGs related to flavonoid biosynthesis |
are up-regulated |
in leaves of transgenic T-34 |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| GCHS1 and GCHS3 |
encode |
typical (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) enzymes |
Gerbera hybrida |
| GCHS4 |
encodes |
typical chalcone synthase enzyme |
Gerbera hybrida |
| MYBA genes |
are modulated by |
hormonal factors |
Vitis vinifera L. |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) gene |
encodes |
chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decrease in precursors |
was suggested to be due to |
enhanced use by both endogenous (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) and introduced (AtSTS, RS4, STS, AT4G01970) |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| CAN1069 |
had CHS activity as shown in |
Figure 4 |
Cannabis sativa |
| white berry cultivar |
has |
synthesis and accumulation of some flavonoids |
Vitis vinifera |
| chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) mRNA level |
are independent of |
presence and expression of the FaMYB1 transgene |
Lotus corniculatus |
| several cDNAs homologous with flavonoid 3' hydroxylase (F3′H) |
are |
biosynthetic genes of the flavonoid pathway |
Gerbera hybrida |
| chalcone synthase (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
is down-regulated in |
PtMYB8 transgenics |
Picea glauca |
| broccoli plants grown under high UV-B conditions |
show higher |
kaempferol concentrations |
|
| tt6-1 mutant |
has enzyme lesion in |
flavonone 3-hydroxylase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMYB123, ATTT2, MYB123, TT2, AT5G35550) mutation |
affects flavonoid accumulation in |
tissues in addition to the testa |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| naringenin addition to (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) medium |
did not complement |
(ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) seed colour |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| alterations in flavonoid accumulation |
caused |
DPBA-flavonoid fluorescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| R-response-element (RRE) |
is thought to bind |
(bHLH, AT5G51780) transcription factors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proanthocyanidins |
remained rather constant in |
35S:NS-Vitis3 line |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) and (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) mutants |
have |
light-coloured seed coats |
|
| ectopic expression of FaMYB1 in Lotus corniculatus |
does not affect |
other end-products of the flavonoid pathway |
Lotus corniculatus |
| FaMYB10 silencing |
affects expression of |
chalcone synthase ( (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) GENE26826) |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| FaMYB10 silencing |
results in higher levels of |
epiafzelechin-glucoside |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| PcMYB10 promoter methylation level |
directly affects |
PcUFGT expression |
Pyrus communis |
| chalcone synthase |
was induced by |
herbicidal concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) |
Triticum aestivum |
| transcriptional profile of chalcone isomerase gene |
suggests |
activation of flavonoid pathway during withering process |
Vitis vinifera |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) mutant |
shows very dim fluorescence due to |
background sinapate esters |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutations downstream of quercetin production |
show expected fluorescence of |
quercetin-DPBA conjugation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATTTG1, TTG, TTG1, URM23, AT5G24520) mutant |
showed strong golden fluorescence of |
quercetin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) |
was relatively modestly up-regulated in |
transgenic gerbera tissues overexpressing GMYB10 |
Gerbera hybrida |
| MYBPA1 |
is capable of activating |
grapevine promoters of several biosynthetic genes of the flavonoid pathway, including (ANS, LDOX, TDS4, TT18, AT4G22880) |
|
| tt3-1 mutant |
has enzyme lesion in |
dihydroflavonol 4-reductase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tt10-1 mutant |
has enzyme lesion in |
laccase-like protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| two acylated kaempferol hexose molecules |
were the only coumaroyl-containing metabolites present at lower levels in |
35S:NS-Vitis3 line |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| (ANS, LDOX, TDS4, TT18, AT4G22880) gene |
showed |
weak signals for transcripts in high-light Mitchell plants |
Petunia |
| flavan-3-ol |
is biosynthesized by one-step enzyme reaction branching from |
common flavonoid pathway |
|
| water stress caused by dehydration characterizing off-plant withering |
had |
minor influence on flavonoid pathway |
Vitis vinifera |
| several cDNAs homologous with cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (ATC4H, C4H, CYP73A5, REF3, AT2G30490) |
are |
biosynthetic genes of the flavonoid pathway |
Gerbera hybrida |
| GCHS3 expression in gerbera petals |
is temporally correlated with |
early flavonol/flavone biosynthesis |
Gerbera hybrida |
| MYB activators |
activate |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
|
| MYBA genes |
are modulated by |
temperature |
Vitis vinifera L. |
| MYB factors |
may participate in |
regulation more directly than (bHLH, AT5G51780) or WDR factors, in response to environmental conditions such as light |
|
| anthocyanins |
are produced by |
flavonoid biosynthetic pathway |
|
| T1 line 16 |
shows no corresponding changes in |
specific flavonoid and phenolic acid end-products |
Lotus corniculatus |
| ectopic expression of FaMYB1 |
does not alter |
other flavonoid end-products in leaves |
Lotus corniculatus |
| glycosylation |
is final step in |
flavonoid biosynthesis in many plants |
|
| MYBs regulating the final anthocyanin or flavonol biosynthetic steps |
are more affected by light than |
MYBs controlling several points of the pathway |
|
| (ATWRKY44, DSL1, TTG2, WRKY44, AT2G37260) mutant |
lacks |
flavonoid fluorescence in root hairs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) gene |
showed |
high transcript abundance in high-light Mitchell plants |
Petunia |
| (ANS, LDOX, TDS4, TT18, AT4G22880) gene |
showed |
faint signals in Lc petunia grown under shade |
Petunia |
| CHS-deficient plants |
reveal importance of flavonoids in |
plant reproduction |
|
| kaempferol |
is the major flavonol in strawberry leaves with |
six derivatives |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| FaMYB1 |
by competing with MYB activator(s) for binding to bHLH component(s) moves |
ternary protein complex away from promoters of late biosynthetic genes |
Lotus corniculatus |
| Expression of (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) |
was only up-regulated in petals in microarray experiments but was also observed in |
transgenic callus and stamen tissues |
Gerbera hybrida |
| GMYB10 |
has putative target genes including |
early biosynthetic genes of the flavonoid pathway |
Gerbera hybrida |
| higher relative increase of quercetin flavonols in medium- and low-UV-B pretreated plants |
probably causes |
diminished quercetin/kaempferol ratio differences after 72 h field exposure |
|
| another (bHLH, AT5G51780) gene |
could be regulated by |
light conditions |
|
| multiple regulatory systems |
are required to act upon |
common genes to control the production of different flavonoid compounds |
Petunia hybrida |
| flavonol regulators and anthocyanin regulators |
act upon the shared early biosynthetic genes differentially and independently to |
regulate the production of different flavonoids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sakuranetin accumulation |
is not associated with |
(F3'H, F3H, TT6, AT3G51240) expression |
|
| ectopic expression of FaMYB1 in Lotus corniculatus |
does not affect |
leaf flavonols |
Lotus corniculatus |
| chalcone isomerase (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) |
is down-regulated in |
PtMYB8 transgenics |
Picea glauca |
| tt4-1 mutant |
has enzyme lesion in |
chalcone synthase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lack of expression of flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) |
causes |
absence of delphinidin-like flavonols |
Vitis vinifera |
| kaempferol in seeds and flowers |
was shown by |
thin-layer chromatography and HPLC |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| regulation of flavonoid metabolism |
is achieved primarily through |
transcriptional regulation of the biosynthetic genes |
|
| hp mutations |
are coupled with enhanced levels of |
flavonoids in mature ripe-red fruits |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| VvMYBPAR |
induced |
promoters of general flavonoid pathway genes VvCHS3 and VvF3'5'Hd |
Vitis vinifera |
| CHS-derived flavonoids in the wt |
would be absent in |
(AtUVR8, UVR8, AT5G63860) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPAL1, PAL1, AT2G37040) and (ATPAL2, PAL2, AT3G53260) |
have important and redundant roles in |
flavonoid biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nrt2.7-2 mutant |
shows no change in |
flavonol content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtNPF2.12, NPF2.12, NRT1.6, AT1G27080) mutant seeds |
show no |
colour phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMYB75, AtPAP1, MYB75, PAP1, PAP1-D, SIAA1, AT1G56650) |
partially controls expression of |
(ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoid biosynthetic process (AtDMR6, DMR6, AT5G24530) transcript |
is upregulated in |
TR185 mutant |
|
| naringenin |
is core metabolite that leads to production of |
flavones |
|
| (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) |
was relatively modestly up-regulated in |
transgenic gerbera tissues overexpressing GMYB10 |
Gerbera hybrida |
| removing source organs (basal leaves) |
suggests an effect on |
flavonoid synthesis during the initial stages of berry ripening |
|
| (A11, AtCHI, CFI, CHI, TT5, AT3G55120) gene |
showed |
high transcript abundance in high-light Mitchell plants |
Petunia |
| flavonoid biosynthetic genes |
have been well documented in |
model plants |
Antirrhinum majus; Petunia hybrida; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glycosylation, acylation, and methylation |
are important for |
formation of diverse and stable structures of anthocyanins and flavonols |
|
| GCHS3 |
was specifically up-regulated in |
transgenic stamen tissues |
Gerbera hybrida |
| (ATWRKY44, DSL1, TTG2, WRKY44, AT2G37260) mutant |
lack flavonoid fluorescence in |
root hairs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| major flavonols |
match |
major peaks in chromatograms |
Petunia |
| 35S:NS-Vitis3 transgenic strawberry line |
shows decreased |
kaempferol derivatives |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| 35S:NS-Vitis3 transgenic strawberry line |
shows decreased |
quercetin derivatives |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| compounds with decreased contents in leaves of 35S:NS-Vitis3 line |
were all representatives of |
flavonol group |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| evidence for gland flavonoid production |
is lacking |
Cannabis glands |
Cannabis sativa |
| aurones |
is |
flavonoid |
|
| MYB transcription factors |
were first identified as |
transcriptional regulators of structural genes encoding flavonoid enzymes |
Zea mays |
| phenylpropanoid pathway |
produces |
phytoalexins |
|
| quercetin-3-O-glucoside |
is decreased in |
diseased Vitis vinifera cv. Alvarinho leaves |
Vitis vinifera |
| Arabidopsis inflorescence tissue |
contains |
quercetin–glucoside–rhamnoside |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chalcone synthase |
is important in |
production of chalcones |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| cytochrome P450 oxygenases |
catalyze |
steps in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway |
|
| R2R3 MYB proteins |
are |
most-extensively analysed transcription factors |
|
| high temperature |
decreases |
expression of MYBA genes |
Vitis vinifera L. |
| CHS-independent regulation |
might control |
different branches of flavonoid pathway |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| white grape cultivars |
are unable to synthesize |
3′,4′,5′-hydroxylated flavonoids |
Vitis vinifera |
| flavan-3-ols |
is |
major class of flavonoid compounds in grape berry tissues |
Vitis vinifera |
| biosynthetic gene expression differences from the third week onwards |
suggests |
regulation at the transcriptional level for the mid and latter stages of berry skin ripening |
|
| (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) silencing |
results in loss of |
flower colour |
|
| chimeric (IAA26, PAP1, AT3G16500) (Production of Anthocyanin Pigments 1) repressor |
suppresses expression of |
dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR, M318, TT3, AT5G42800) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P |
activated |
A1 |
Zea mays |
| broccoli plants grown under high UV-B conditions |
show significantly higher |
quercetin/kaempferol ratio |
|