| S-adenosylmethionine biosynthetic process enrichment |
implies that |
PtrXB38 may affect ethylene biosynthesis |
Populus tremula × Populus alba |
| acs7x (multiple loss-of-function mutant) |
is |
ethylene biosynthesis mutant with reduced ACC synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ACO loss-of-function mutants |
expected to accumulate more |
ACC |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CO2 |
may act as both inducer and suppressor of |
ethylene production |
|
| ACC synthases (ACS) |
is crucial and main rate-limiting step in |
ethylene biosynthesis |
|
| elevated [CO2] |
leads to |
increased ethylene production in Arabidopsis rosette leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| in vitro assay incubating protein extract with 200 μM JA and ACC |
resulted in |
no JA-ACC detectable |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| CO2-mediated ethylene production |
involves |
translational regulation of (ACS, AT5G36880) |
|
| ethylene levels in (ACS, AT5G36880) sextuple mutant rosettes |
were elevated in response to |
high [CO2] |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ACC-synthase enzymes (ACS) |
convert |
AdoMet to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
|
| ACC concentrations |
dropped below LOD in roots of |
(ACS, AT5G36880) knockout mutants acs7x and acs8x |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene levels in wild-type plants |
clearly and reproducibly increased upon exposure to |
900 ppm [CO2] compared with 150 ppm [CO2] |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MACC (malonyl-ACC) |
showing remarkably higher concentrations in |
both tissues compared to ACC |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| submergence stress |
enhanced |
ACC and MACC production |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lack of significant difference in single and double aco mutants |
indicating |
functional redundancy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| enhanced expression of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase |
suggests |
ethylene biosynthesis is enhanced in (AQC1, HPS7, TPST, AT1G08030) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene precursor ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) |
reversed |
gravitropic defects of the ethylene biosynthesis mutant (ACCS7, ACS7, ATACS7, AT4G26200) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| activity of GGT |
displayed pronounced pH dependence with optimal activity at |
pH 8 within tested pH range of 5–8 |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| high [CO2]-mediated ethylene levels in (ACS, AT5G36880) octuple mutants |
reached only |
26% of WT levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ACC synthase gene (Ae06g32820) |
is one of the genes found most strongly repressed in |
WT conditions |
Aeschynomene evenia; Bradyrhizobium vignae |
| ACC oxidases (ACO) |
oxidize ACC into |
ethylene, CO2, and cyanide |
|
| 12 annotated (ACS, AT5G36880) isoforms |
nine of them are |
enzymatically active |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ACS6, ATACS6, AT4G11280) |
was upregulated when |
leaf sheath was removed |
Oryza sativa |
| high CO2 |
induces |
ethylene biosynthesis in leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| supplementation with ACC |
led to formation of |
measurable amounts of GACC |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| exposure to elevated CO2 |
caused |
clearly measurable macroscopic increases in ethylene production in intact rosettes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Marchantia polymorpha |
cannot synthesise |
ethylene |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| various biological settings |
including |
mutants in ACC and ethylene biosynthesis and different stress conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| treatment with 5 µm l -α-(2-amino ethoxyvinyl)-glycine (AVG) |
blocks |
ethylene biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| regulation of ethylene biosynthesis |
differs between |
tissues |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene production in eto1-1 mutant plants |
showed significant increase in response to |
high [CO2] compared with low [CO2] |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CO2-mediated ethylene production |
involves |
post-translational regulation of ACO |
|
| (ACO3, AT2G05710) |
was upregulated when |
leaf sheath was removed |
Oryza sativa |
| eto1-1 and eto3-1 (gain-of-function mutants) |
is |
ethylene biosynthesis mutant with increased ACC synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| quintuple knockouts etf-1 and etf-2 |
showed significantly higher concentrations of |
ACC and MACC in both shoots and roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| UPLC-MS/MS method |
quantifies |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and its conjugates |
|
| shoots |
accumulated higher levels of |
ACC compared with roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SAM synthetase (SAMS) and ACC oxidases (ACOs) protein levels |
are highly accumulated in |
PtrXB38-OE root samples |
Populus tremula × Populus alba |
| glutamyl-ACC (GACC) |
was identified in vitro |
in vitro conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| application of AVG |
lowered |
ethylene production |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
serves as direct biosynthesis precursor of |
ethylene |
|
| shoots of eto1-1 and eto3-1 mutants |
showed similar increases in |
ACC and MACC |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| in vitro assay |
performed to |
investigate GACC and JA-ACC formation |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| swapped promoter lines pPDX1.1: (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) and pPDX1.3: .1 in background |
demonstrated that impairment in flg22-induced ethylene production/responsiveness by pdx1.3 can be restored by reintroducing |
its own promoter sequence to control expression of either (ATPDX1.1, PDX1.1, AT2G38230) or (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PtrXB38 overexpression |
increases protein abundances of |
SAMS and ACO enzymes |
Populus trichocarpa |
| pharmacological suppression of ACC synthesis |
resulted in decreased |
ACC and MACC content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| absence of detectable JA-ACC levels |
indicating |
in both in vitro and in vivo conditions tested |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana benthamiana |
| etr1-6 seeds |
were delayed by approximately 1.3 d in the onset of measurable ethylene production on |
NaCl |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| etr1-6 seedlings |
had no large differences in the timing or magnitude of ethylene production compared to |
etr2-3 and Col seedlings in the absence of NaCl |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| etr1-1 mutation |
affects |
ethylene biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| deficits in ethylene production/responsiveness observed in (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) mutants |
must have contributions from |
(ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) promoter sequence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin |
increases stability of |
(ACS, AT5G36880) |
|
| ethylene accumulation |
has been shown in response to |
victorin |
|
| auxin concentrations beyond the normal physiological range |
promote |
ethylene biosynthesis |
|
| NtSIPK (the ortholog of (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) ) |
triggered |
induction of ethylene biosynthesis |
Nicotiana tabacum; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ACC synthase |
is |
rate-limiting enzyme for ethylene biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| contrasting roles of ETHYLENE RECEPTOR 1 (AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) and ETHYLENE RECEPTOR 2 (ETR2, AT3G23150) for seed germination in response to ABA |
do not correlate with |
biosynthesis of ethylene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATEIN2, CKR1, EIN2, ERA3, ORE2, ORE3, PIR2, AT5G03280) mutants |
overproduce |
ethylene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| major deficit in (ATFTA, FTA, PFT/PGGT-IALPHA, PLP, AT3G59380) production |
represses |
ethylene production |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ACC-oxidase (ACO1, ATACO1, AT2G19590) |
catalyzes |
last step in ethylene biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ACC levels |
increases |
ethylene production |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phosphorylation of ACC synthase (ACS) by (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) |
stabilizes |
(ACS, AT5G36880) protein |
|
| climacteric ethylene biosynthesis |
includes |
conversion of Met to ethylene |
Solanum lycopersicum; Prunus persica |
| all three seed lines |
had a delay in the onset of measurable ethylene production in the presence of |
150 mM NaCl |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Col seeds |
were delayed by approximately 1.9 d in the onset of measurable ethylene production on |
NaCl |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high ratio of (Spd + Spm)/Put |
inhibits the expression of |
(ACO1, AT4G35830) |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) and .1 mutants in absence of sucrose (Suc) |
show inhibition of ethylene production |
less pronounced in (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) but stronger for .1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene production |
is not detected prior to |
seed germination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) overexpression |
inhibits |
ethylene emission |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| variations in the (ERF017, ERF17, AT1G19210) allele |
may affect apple peel reddening by |
regulating ethylene biosynthesis |
Malus domestica |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase7 (ACCS7, ACS7, ATACS7, AT4G26200) mutants |
produce less |
ethylene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MdERF3 |
enhances |
the transcription of MdACS1 |
Malus domestica |
| ethylene (ET) emission |
decreased in |
(BIK1, AT2G39660) (ATPAD4, PAD4, AT3G52430) compared with |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| exogenous sucrose (Suc) |
triggers impaired ethylene production more severely in |
(ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| etr2-3 seeds |
were delayed by approximately 2.5 d in the onset of measurable ethylene production on |
NaCl |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| exogenous sucrose (Suc) |
triggers impaired |
ethylene production |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 |
was also repressed |
H12 cells |
Zea mays |
| MKK9–MPK3/6 module |
is believed to regulate ethylene production by stabilizing |
(ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) /6 |
|
| (ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) protein |
contributes |
majority of (ACS, AT5G36880) activity in fruits |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| climacteric ethylene biosynthesis |
includes |
conversion of Asp to Met |
Solanum lycopersicum; Prunus persica |
| differences in ethylene accumulation in the headspace between the seed lines |
are small and only represent a difference of a few nL L−1 |
ethylene concentration |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene |
remained elevated over |
experimental period with peak at 24 h |
Lotus japonicus |
| differences in ACC in shoots of eto1-1 and eto3-1 mutants |
were not statistically significant |
compared to Col-0 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase |
is up-regulated at |
9 hpi and 14 hpi |
|
| light |
has been found to promote |
ethylene biosynthesis |
|
| MdERF1B |
promotes ethylene biosynthesis possibly in |
MdCIbHLH1-dependent manner |
Malus domestica |
| auxin |
induces |
1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE (ACS) genes |
|
| principal defect in postembryonic root growth of (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) |
is |
impairment in ethylene metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ETR2, AT3G23150) loss-of-function mutant |
produces less |
ethylene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutant |
has |
slight increase in ethylene production |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold stress |
induces |
ethylene release from apple seedlings |
Malus domestica |
| MdERF1B |
significantly stimulates transcription of |
ethylene biosynthesis gene |
Malus domestica |
| fer-2 seedlings |
have marginal increase in |
ethylene biosynthesis compared to Col-0 wt |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MdMYB1 |
activates expression of |
MdERF3 |
Malus domestica |
| nonseed plants |
have basic questions concerning what are |
primary mechanisms of non-ACC-based ethylene production |
|
| ACO homologs |
are absent in |
nonseed plant genomes |
|
| exogenous ACC |
can conceivably trigger |
ethylene biosynthesis from a different precursor |
|
| apical hook formation |
is fully dependent on |
increased ethylene biosynthesis following EBL treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 2 (ACO2) |
is |
one of the ethylene biosynthesis genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| acs2-2 mutant |
shows |
reduced ethylene emission |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| massive reduction in (ACS, AT5G36880) activity on immunoprecipitation |
is in agreement with |
(ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) protein contribution to (ACS, AT5G36880) activity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 50 μM ACC |
stimulates |
endogenous ethylene production |
|
| (bHLH, AT5G51780) transcription factors |
are involved in regulating |
ethylene biosynthesis |
|
| acs2-1 seedlings, leaves, and fruits |
accumulate higher amounts of |
(ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) protein |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| cold stress treatment |
induces expression of |
MdACS1 |
Malus domestica |
| higher ethylene emission from acs2-1 |
is causally related to |
(ACS, AT5G36880) activity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| acs2-2 mutant |
has reduced |
(ACS, AT5G36880) enzyme activity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ethylene dose–response analysis performed in presence of AVG |
makes it unlikely that severe hypocotyl shortening is dependent on |
increased ethylene production |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ACS6, ATACS6, AT4G11280) |
is |
one of the ethylene biosynthesis genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| post-translational modification of MdbHLH3 by MdPUB29 |
occurs during |
modulation of ethylene synthesis |
Malus domestica |
| ethylene biosynthesis pathway |
is named |
Yang cycle |
|
| acs2-2 ripening fruits |
have lower |
ethylene emission |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| acs2-1 seedlings, leaves, and fruits |
have higher |
(ACS, AT5G36880) enzyme activity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ethylene signaling induction |
involves increased |
ACC SYNTHASE 6 (ACS6, ATACS6, AT4G11280) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DkBG1-OE fruits |
ethylene release advanced in |
ethylene production |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| low-temperature treatment |
rapidly induces |
ethylene release |
Malus domestica |
| ACC synthase (ACS) |
catalyzes |
conversion of S-adenosyl methionine to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
|
| (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) phosphorylation of (ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) /6 |
stabilized |
(ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) /6 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hyperhydricity |
leads to differential DNA methylation at |
AtACS1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high ethylene levels |
are generated in response to |
wounding during protoplast preparation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PA (PLD, PLDALPHA1, AT3G15730) and PA PLC/DGK |
are the negative regulators of |
(ACO1, AT4G35830) expression |
|
| auxin |
controls ethylene biosynthesis through |
activation of ACC synthase genes |
|
| exposure to 4% oxygen |
results in increase in |
activity of ACC synthase |
Zea mays |
| 4% oxygen exposure (6-9 h) |
further increases expression of |
ZmACS2 |
|
| ZmACS6 |
is expressed to a substantially higher level than |
ZmACS2 |
Zea mays |
| ACC synthase expression |
no expression is detected in |
stele in normoxic or hypoxic root tips |
Zea mays |
| NaGSNOR-silenced plants |
have greatly compromised |
herbivory-induced ethylene emissions |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| MACC (1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) |
is analyzed in |
fruit abscission zone–adjacent cell tissue |
|
| PIC fruit abscission zone–adjacent cell tissue |
shows peak of |
ACC content |
|
| OeACO2 |
increases earlier than |
OeACS2 |
|
| OeACO2 expression in ethylene-treated ARB fruit abscission zone–adjacent cell on day 7 |
was decreased by |
CoCl2 treatment |
|
| OeACO2 |
was negatively regulated by |
Spd treatment in ARB fruit abscission zone–adjacent cell |
|
| exogenous 3-O-methylglucose application |
does not enhance |
ethylene biosynthesis |
Cucumis sativus L. |
| Hahb-4 overexpression |
causes down-regulation of |
genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene overproduction from flg22-induced (ATMEK4, ATMKK4, MKK4, AT1G51660) /5–MPK6 activation |
was independent of |
functional ethylene signaling pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| acs2-1 leaves |
show upregulated |
(ACO1, AT4G35830) (ACO2, AT4G26970) (ACO3, AT2G05710) and (ACO4, EAT1, EFE, AT1G05010) transcript levels |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 repression |
suggests |
reduction in ethylene biosynthesis in habituated cells |
Zea mays |
| MdCIbHLH1 suppression in MdERF1B-OX calli |
notably inhibits |
MdERF1B-mediated ethylene release |
Malus domestica |
| cold-induced ethylene release from apple seedlings |
is similar to |
ethylene release in tobacco plants |
Malus domestica; Nicotiana tabacum |
| jasmonate |
promotes ethylene production via regulation of |
MdERFs and structural genes by MdMYC2 |
Malus domestica |
| acs2-1 ripening fruits |
emit more |
ethylene |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| acs2-1 fruits |
show 1.47-fold higher |
ACC level |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ethylene |
upregulates |
(ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) transcripts |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 25 and 100 nM 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) treatment |
results in greater hypocotyl inhibition correlated with |
substantial increase in ethylene production |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| protein turnover |
plays important role in |
ethylene biosynthesis |
|
| ethylene production |
increases because of |
upregulated expression of NtACS1/3 and NtACO1 |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| ACC |
is conjugated to |
malonic acid |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| UP9C |
interacts with |
ACC oxidase |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| ethylene production control |
is through |
phosphorylation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase |
|
| MdCIbHLH1 |
may function as |
cofactor in MdERF1B-mediated ethylene biosynthesis |
Malus domestica |
| acs2-1 fruits |
show higher |
MACC levels |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| acs2-1 fruits |
show higher |
(ACS, AT5G36880) activity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| higher ethylene emission from acs2-1 fruits |
in autocatalytic fashion boosts |
(ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) transcript levels |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| jaz4-1 seedlings |
show 21.1% reduction in |
ethylene production compared with Col-0 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| jaz4-1 seedlings |
fail to biosynthesize |
ethylene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutant phenotype |
cannot be considered to arise from |
minimal increase in ethylene production |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MdERF1B overexpression |
induces |
ethylene release |
Malus domestica |
| MdbHLH3 |
is post-translationally modified by |
glucose-suppressed ubiquitin E3 ligase MdPUB29 |
Malus domestica |
| acs2-2 seedlings |
show downregulated |
(ACO1, AT4G35830) (ACO2, AT4G26970) (ACO3, AT2G05710) and (ACO4, EAT1, EFE, AT1G05010) transcript levels |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| slightly hyponastic petioles and thickened hypocotyls |
are indicative of |
high ethylene status |
|
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase 2 (ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) |
is |
one of the ethylene biosynthesis genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold stress treatment |
induces expression of |
MdACO1 |
Malus domestica |
| acs2-2 fruits |
show lower |
(ACS, AT5G36880) activity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 35S::ACS2 transgenic tomato |
displays |
higher ethylene emission |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (ACS, AT5G36880) homologs |
are present in |
genomes of nonseed plants |
|
| RIN protein |
directly binds to promoters of genes involved in |
ethylene biosynthesis |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| acs2-2 fruits |
show downregulated |
(ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) (ACC4, ACS4, ATACS4, AT2G22810) (ACO1, AT4G35830) and (ACO2, AT4G26970) transcript levels |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Arabidopsis (ACS5, ATACS5, CIN5, ETO2, AT5G65800) mutant |
produces |
ethylene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ACC oxidase (ACO) |
catalyzes oxidation of |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene |
|
| Rice dwarf virus (RDV) |
infection induces |
ethylene biosynthesis genes |
Oryza sativa |
| MdERF1B-OX calli |
have higher expression of |
MdACO1 |
Malus domestica |
| 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
is measured in |
liverwort Riella helicophylla |
Riella helicophylla |
| histone demethylase SlJMJ6 |
increases |
SlDML2 mRNA abundance |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ethylene |
is synthesized in response to |
environmental and developmental stimuli |
|
| BRP |
is likely to increase |
ethylene synthesis |
|
| biosynthetic genes for Et |
show modest increased expression at |
1 h |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ACC oxidase |
is expressed in |
protophloem sieve elements |
Zea mays |
| continued formation of aerenchyma for at least 4 d |
suggests that |
ethylene synthesis was ongoing during this period |
|
| exogenous ethylene (ET) treatment |
induces concomitant increase in |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content |
Olea europaea |
| acs2-1 mutant |
implies role for ACS2 in |
system I ethylene emission |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| acs2-2 plants |
show downregulation of |
ethylene biosynthesis genes |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| all plants |
produce tiny quantities of |
hydrogen cyanide (HCN) |
|
| MdCIbHLH1 |
is necessary for |
MdERF1B-mediated ethylene release |
Malus domestica |
| cold-induced ethylene release from apple seedlings |
is similar to |
ethylene release detected in grape |
Malus domestica; Vitis species |
| acs2-2 mutant |
underproduces |
ethylene |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| immuno-detectable (ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) protein levels |
show substantial differences between |
acs2-1 and acs2-2 mutants |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Ca2+ |
is required for |
ethylene biosynthesis |
|
| DcWRKY75 |
binds to promoter region of |
DcACO1 |
Dianthus caryophyllus L. |
| pooled lines of Mpacs1Mpacs2 knockout mutants |
show no change in |
endogenous ACC levels |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| highest doses of ACC tested (500 μM and 1 mM) |
gave a detectable increase in |
ethylene |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| ethylene biosynthesis gene induction |
leads to |
increased ethylene production |
Oryza sativa |
| single and double knockout mutants |
were generated for |
two M. polymorpha Mp (ACS, AT5G36880) homologs |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| other factors |
control |
ethylene levels during later stages of fruit ripening |
Prunus spp. |
| ethylene biosynthesis |
can also be regulated through |
expression of ACO genes |
|
| ethylene treatment |
substantially increased expression of |
Rh-ACO1 |
Rosa × hybrida cv. Samantha |
| salinity |
promotes accumulation of |
ethylene precursor (ACC) in leaves |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| developmental factor(s) independent of ethylene |
results in |
limited increase of ethylene biosynthesis |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| limited ethylene |
would play a role as trigger to stimulate |
ethylene burst due to ethylene-dependent expression of LeACS2 and LeACS4 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| auxins |
induce ethylene biosynthesis by promoting |
ACO gene transcription |
|
| Col-0 seedlings |
produced |
9.57 ± 0.20 ppm ET per gram of fresh weight tissue |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Mpacs1Mpacs2 double mutants |
produce ethylene at |
60% that of the wild type |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| dual-level regulation of (ACS, AT5G36880) by (ATMAPK3, ATMPK3, MPK3, AT3G45640) (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) |
enhances ethylene production in response to |
pathogen invasion |
|
| acs2-2 seedlings |
show lower |
ethylene emission |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Arabidopsis (ACS9, AtACS9, ETO3, AT3G49700) mutant |
produces |
ethylene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DcWRKY75 |
binds to promoter region of |
DcACS1 |
Dianthus caryophyllus L. |
| DcACO1 |
exhibits elevated expression with |
ethylene treatment |
|
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) |
is converted into |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
|
| regulation of ethylene biosynthesis |
contributes to |
diverse roles of ethylene in plants |
|
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
is the immediate precursor of |
ethylene |
|
| ACC synthase (ACS) |
makes |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
|
| ACC oxidase (ACO) |
converts |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
|
| ethylene biosynthetic genes |
includes |
Rh-ACS4 |
Rosa hybrida |
| Rh-ACS3 |
is induced mainly in |
petals |
Rosa × hybrida cv. Samantha |
| induction in gynoecia |
is regulated in |
positive feedback manner |
carnation; orchid |
| 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid |
is converted to |
ethylene |
Helianthus annuus L. |
| In wild-type fruit |
showed |
transcripts of LeACS2 and LeACS4 increased dramatically |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| untreated peaches of the same post-harvest age |
shows lower level of |
(ACO1, AT4G35830) |
|
| ethylene biosynthetic pathway |
has been extensively studied and well documented |
ethylene biosynthesis |
|
| (ACCS7, ACS7, ATACS7, AT4G26200) |
is |
type 3 (ACS, AT5G36880) protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| treatment with nonradiolabeled ACC |
yielded only a fraction of |
ethylene levels known to be produced by angiosperms |
red alga; Chlorophycean algae; Charophycean alga; ferns |
| (AtJAZ4, JAZ4, TIFY6A, AT1G48500) -1 complemented line ( /JAZ4g) |
displayed values statistically similar to |
wild-type Col-0 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase2 (ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) |
regulates |
ripening-specific ethylene biosynthesis |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| acs2-2 mutant |
has reduced |
ethylene emission |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ACO genes |
have been lost in |
Potamogeton pectinatus |
Potamogeton pectinatus |
| flg22-induced activation of (ATMEK4, ATMKK4, MKK4, AT1G51660) /5–MPK6 |
led to |
ethylene overproduction |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| acs2-2 fruits |
show lower |
MACC levels |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| lncRNA MdLNC610 |
is involved in positive regulation of |
MdACO1 gene |
Malus domestica |
| SCN-infected roots |
produce consistently lower levels of |
ethylene |
|
| Al 3+ -induced increase in EBS:GUS activity |
is not altered by |
naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| relatively high constitutive expression of (ACO1, AT4G35830) |
is under permanent control of |
cross-talk between ethylene and PA (PLD, PLDALPHA1, AT3G15730) |
|
| CHX-induced PA (PLD, PLDALPHA1, AT3G15730) signalling |
does not significantly affect level of |
(ACS1, AT-ACS1, AT3G61510) transcripts |
|
| salt-sensitive rice cultivars |
produce lower amounts of |
ethylene |
Oryza sativa |
| exposure to 4% oxygen |
results in increase in |
rate of ethylene production |
Zea mays |
| ZmACS6 |
is considerably more divergent from |
ZmACS2 and ZmACS7 |
|
| ZmACO20/35 expression |
is not detected in |
calyptrogen |
|
| induction of ZmACO20/35 expression in mid-cortex |
is concurrent with |
decrease in root cap expression |
|
| ZmACS2/7 |
is not detected in |
quiescent centre (QC) |
|
| ZmACO15 |
expression and induction increase with |
distance from the root apex |
Zea mays |
| ZmACO20 and ZmACO35 |
expression is observed in |
companion cells (CC) associated with metaphloem sieve element (MSE) |
Zea mays |
| aquatic species that subsequently gave rise to land plants |
would not have benefitted from synthesis of high |
ethylene levels |
|
| ethylene biosynthesis gene (ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) |
has been associated with |
fruit shape |
|
| MdERF3 |
encodes |
positive regulator of ethylene biosynthesis |
Malus domestica |
| derepression of VcACS1 and VcACO6 regulatory loci |
elevates |
ethylene biosynthesis |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
| BRP |
may promote |
ethylene synthesis |
|
| SCN-infected roots |
show same pattern as |
control roots |
|
| AtACS8 (ARABIDOPSIS (ACS8, AT4G37770) ) |
is |
highly expressed in roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Al 3+ |
enhanced expression of |
AtACS8 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene autoinhibitory system 1 |
operates during |
normal vegetative growth |
|
| ZmACS6 |
is responsible for bulk of ethylene produced in |
roots |
Zea mays |
| 4% oxygen exposure (24 h) |
increases ethylene evolution |
7.2-fold relative to normoxic roots |
|
| ZmACS2/7 |
is detected in |
cortical cells proximal to vascular cylinder |
|
| ZmACO genes expression in phloem tissues |
appears to be spatially separate from |
ZmACS expression |
Zea mays |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
is immediate precursor of |
ethylene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| S-adenosylmethionine (S-AdoMet) synthases (SAMSs) |
catalyze conversion of |
methionine to S-adenosylmethionine (S-AdoMet) |
|
| ethylene signal generation |
is dependent on |
increased ethylene biosynthesis and restricted diffusion toward the environment |
|
| long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) |
play crucial role in |
spatiotemporal expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes |
|
| ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) |
are encoded by |
multigene families |
|
| auxin |
impacts ethylene responses mainly by |
controlling components of ethylene biosynthesis |
|
| hypoxia-induced cortical cell death |
is accompanied by increases in |
ACC oxidase expression |
|
| ZmACO20 |
is expressed at lowest level among |
ZmACO gene family members |
|
| 4% oxygen exposure (9 h) |
causes reduction in signal intensity in |
PSE |
|
| ZmACS2/7 expression in root cap |
is little changed following |
onset of hypoxia |
|
| ZmACO15 and ZmACO31 subgroups |
are induced in their respective cell types in response to |
hypoxia |
Zea mays |
| hypoxic maize roots |
contain higher levels of |
ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activity |
Zea mays |
| ACC oxidases (ACOs) |
catalyze oxidation of |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene |
|
| NaMEK2 and certain other MAPKKs |
are required for |
ethylene biosynthesis |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| ethephon-induced differences in MACC content in ARB |
became maximal on day 14 compared with |
controls |
|
| OeACS2 expression in PIC fruit abscission zone–adjacent cell |
was decreased by AOA and CoCl2 treatments after 14 d |
|
|
| OeACO2 |
was up-regulated in PIC fruit abscission zone–adjacent cell by |
MGBG treatment |
|
| OeACO2 |
is expressed at highest levels in |
reproductive tissues |
Olea europaea |
| Mpacs1Mpacs2 double knockout mutants |
show dramatically less |
1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| HCN |
is produced following |
conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) via ACC synthase |
|
| SCN-colonized root pieces |
contain higher concentration of |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
Glycine max |
| Al 3+ |
elicited less ethylene evolution from |
root apices of aux1-7 and (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 4% oxygen exposure (3 h) |
substantially induces expression of |
ZmACO15/31 |
|
| ZmACS2/7 |
is not detected in |
columella |
|
| ethylene biosynthesis genes |
are up-regulated in |
roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| oxidative inactivation of cofactors |
results in |
overall reduction in the turnover of ethylene |
|
| epigenetic mechanisms |
control |
ethylene biosynthesis genes |
|
| set of genes expressed in SCN-colonized root pieces |
is clearly different from |
set of genes expressed in root tips |
Glycine max |
| ethylene-related genes |
show unaltered expression in |
mycorrhizal plants |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Arabidopsis genome |
contains |
nine (ACS, AT5G36880) genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 4% oxygen exposure (3 h) |
causes detection of expression in |
cortex |
|
| Fe deficiency |
up-regulates expression of |
ACC oxidase genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MACC |
accumulates to higher levels in |
later stage of ARB fruit development |
|
| auxin |
can stimulate |
biosynthesis of ethylene |
|
| control fruit |
produced |
climacteric ethylene |
Actinidia chinensis |
| cyanide |
is produced by |
conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid to ethylene |
Helianthus annuus L. |
| ACC synthase (ACS) |
catalyzes |
rate-limiting step of ethylene biosynthesis |
|
| ACC oxidase (ACO) |
oxidizes and converts |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene |
|
| (ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) |
contributes to |
system II ethylene emission |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| acs2-2 mutant |
has lower |
ethylene emission |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (AtJAZ4, JAZ4, TIFY6A, AT1G48500) |
may impact |
ET biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene biosynthetic genes |
play important roles in |
petal senescence |
|
| (ACS6, ATACS6, AT4G11280) and (ACS8, AT4G37770) transcription |
is impaired in |
developing siliques of arf2-6 mutant |
|
| genetic studies of mutants in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway |
will elucidate |
how BRP acts on the ethylene pathway |
|
| soybean cyst nematode (SCN) pulled off the root |
contains no significant amount of |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) |
Heterodera glycines; Glycine max |
| enhanced expression of AtACS2, (ACS6, ATACS6, AT4G11280) AtACS8, (ACO1, ATACO1, AT2G19590) and (ACO2, ATACO2, AT1G62380) genes |
would account for |
Al-induced rapid ethylene production from root tips |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| system 2 |
is regulated by |
positive feedback mechanism |
|
| exogenous putrescine (Put) application |
increased |
ethylene synthesis in both cultivars |
Oryza sativa |
| Fj cultivar |
displays |
linear and basal ethylene level |
|
| 1-MCP treatment of MG cultivar |
produces severe block in |
ethylene production |
|
| 4% oxygen exposure (6-9 h) |
causes even higher induction of expression of |
ZmACO15 |
|
| 5-methylthioribose kinase |
is essential for |
sustained ethylene production |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hypoxia exposure |
induces |
ACC oxidase expression in protophloem sieve elements |
Zea mays |
| aerenchyma formation |
can be blocked by |
inhibitors of ethylene synthesis |
|
| ZmACO15 |
is expressed at higher level in |
distal region |
|
| ZmACS6 |
is expressed at highest level in |
apical region of root |
|
| 4% oxygen exposure (3 h) |
induces expression of |
ZmACS6 |
|
| ZmACO gene family |
is |
ACC oxidase genes |
Zea mays |
| ZmACS and ZmACO expression |
induction in response to treatment with 4% oxygen is |
transient |
Zea mays |
| gene encoding ACC synthase |
shows difference in gene induction to |
four unquantified successive touch stimulations at a rate of one per hour |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) |
promote |
fruit abscission in olive |
Olea europaea |
| OeACS2 transcription level |
did not significantly respond to |
Put treatment in ARB fruit abscission zone–adjacent cell |
|
| Fuji (Fj) fruit at harvest |
had |
minimal level of ethylene production |
|
| MG cultivar |
is heterozygous for |
Md-ACO1 alleles |
|
| maize ACO gene family (ZmACO) |
is composed of |
four members: ZmACO15, ZmACO20, ZmACO31, and ZmACO35 |
Zea mays |
| ZmACS expression pattern |
is similar to |
ACC synthase activity pattern |
Zea mays |
| ZmACO20 and ZmACO35 subgroups |
are expressed in |
root cap of normoxic roots |
Zea mays |
| genes of ethylene (ET) biosynthesis |
exhibit higher level of expression in |
reproductive tissues |
Olea europaea |
| ACC synthase |
enzyme involved in |
ethylene biosynthesis |
|
| auxin-induced (ACS, AT5G36880) expression |
is |
gene-specific and cell-type-dependent |
|
| SCN-colonized roots |
show no significant increase in |
ethylene evolution |
Glycine max |
| ethylene synthesis inhibitors Co 2+ and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) |
abolish |
Al 3+ -induced inhibition of root elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| copper ions |
induces transcriptional activity of |
ethylene biosynthesis pathway genes |
Brassica oleracea |
| 4% oxygen exposure (3 h) |
results in moderate induction of expression of |
ZmACO31 |
|
| 4% oxygen exposure (12 h) |
increases ethylene evolution |
10-fold relative to normoxic roots |
|
| ZmACO15/31 signal in PSE (6 h hypoxia) |
is less intense than in |
PSE in 3 h hypoxic roots |
|
| infective soybean cyst nematode (SCN) |
contains no significant amount of |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) |
Heterodera glycines |
| 4% oxygen exposure (3-9 h) |
substantially induces expression of |
ZmACS6 |
|
| NaMEK2-VIGS plants |
still show 40% reduced |
ethylene production |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| CoCl2 in combination with MGBG |
modulated |
MACC content |
|
| post-translational S-nitrosylation regulation |
reduces the pool size of |
S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| low temperature-induced sugar accumulation |
increases expression of |
(ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) |
Cucumis sativus |
| ethylene production pattern |
was correlated with |
OsACO3 expression pattern |
Oryza sativa |
| transitory stress-induced PA PLC/DGK |
could result from |
short decline in earlier up-regulated expression of (ACO1, AT4G35830) |
|
| seedlings treated with butanol-1 and subsequently treated with copper |
do not show decline in accumulation of ACO1 transcripts |
(ACO1, AT4G35830) transcript accumulation |
|
| ethylene biosynthetic machinery |
exhibits tissue-specific expression within |
zone of cell division |
|
| 4% oxygen exposure (24 h) |
results in little or no detection of expression in |
root cap |
|
| ZmACO15/31 |
is not detected in |
metaphloem sieve element (MSE) |
|
| ZmACS6 expression |
is somewhat concentrated in |
mid to outer cortex |
|
| ZmACO genes |
expression is induced in |
mid-cortex in the zones of cell division and elongation |
Zea mays |
| ZmACO expression |
induction is confined to phloem tissues during |
hypoxia |
Zea mays |
| Fe deficiency |
up-regulates expression of |
S-adenosylmethionine synthetase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OeACO2 |
did not significantly respond to |
Spd treatment in PIC fruit abscission zone–adjacent cell |
|
| AOA addition to MGBG treatment |
lowered |
ACC content in ARB fruit abscission zone–adjacent cell |
|
| ACO gene expression |
was negatively correlated with |
endogenous spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) levels |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| exogenous application of mannose |
enhanced expression of |
(ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) |
|
| Fe re-supply |
restores expression of |
OsACO1 |
Oryza sativa |
| Fe re-supply |
restores expression of |
OsACO3 |
Oryza sativa |
| ACC pre-treatment |
induces expression of |
TaACS2 gene |
Triticum aestivum |
| SAMS2 (spots a2 and a24) |
significantly accumulates after |
2,4-D treatment |
Citrus sinensis |
| knocking down expression of the two (AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) genes |
represses |
ethylene burst during fruit ripening |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ethylene biosynthesis |
is controlled by |
ethylene autoinhibitory system 1 and system 2 |
|
| ZmACO genes expression in phloem tissues |
does not contribute to |
ethylene produced during hypoxia |
Zea mays |
| Fe re-supply |
restores expression of |
OsACS3 |
Oryza sativa |
| auxin polar transport inhibitor NPA |
had marginal effect on |
Al-induced ethylene production |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Fe deficiency |
up-regulates |
S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE SYNTHETASE 2 (AtSAM2, MAT2, SAM-2, SAM2, AT4G01850) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Fe deficiency |
up-regulates |
1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE 4 (ACC4, ACS4, ATACS4, AT2G22810) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ACC4, ACS4, ATACS4, AT2G22810) (ACS6, ATACS6, AT4G11280) (ACS9, AtACS9, ETO3, AT3G49700) and AtACS11 |
respond with increased transcript abundance after |
1 d of Fe deprivation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CoCl2 treatment |
had different effect on |
MACC and ACC contents in both cultivars |
|
| ethylene precursor SAM |
increases |
ethylene |
|
| ethylene synthesis |
is highest on |
seventh day |
|
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) isozymes |
are biochemically distinct, permitting their differential expression to have |
specialized tissue- or cell-specific effects |
|
| Al3+ (aluminum ion) |
up-regulates expression of |
AtACS (ARABIDOPSIS (ACS, AT5G36880) ) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtACS2 (ARABIDOPSIS (ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) ) |
is |
highly expressed in roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) |
is converted to |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) |
|
| 4% oxygen exposure (24 h) |
causes decline in expression of |
ZmACS2 |
|
| ZmACO15/31 |
is detected in |
protophloem sieve element (PSE) |
|
| MdERF3 |
encodes |
positive regulator of ethylene biosynthesis |
Malus domestica |
| MdMYB1 |
induces |
ethylene production |
Malus domestica |
| 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
is |
precursor of the plant hormone ethylene |
seed plants |
| HCN |
is |
byproduct of ethylene biosynthesis |
|
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
is converted into |
ethylene |
|
| downregulation of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 12 (VcSPL12) |
aids |
derepression of VcACS1 and VcACO6 regulatory loci |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
| genes involved in ET biosynthesis |
show no enhanced expression in |
(AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) (ATSYP122, SYP122, AT3G52400) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene autoinhibitory system 1 |
regulates via positive feedback mechanism |
transcriptional activity of genes encoding (ACS, AT5G36880) and ACO isozymes |
|
| 4% oxygen treatment |
results in |
increased ethylene production |
|
| ZmACS gene family members |
no expression is detected in |
stele |
Zea mays |
| increase in ethylene production during hypoxic treatment |
correlates with |
induction of ZmACS and ZmACO expression |
Zea mays |
| (ACS, AT5G36880) gene |
is one of |
two ethylene biosynthesis genes cloned from olive fruit AZ |
Olea europaea |
| exogenous CoCl2 in ARB |
led to significant rise in |
MACC content |
|
| Put, Spd, and CHA treatments |
did not affect MACC content after 7 d in |
ARB cultivar |
|
| nitric oxide (NO) |
down-regulates through |
methionine adenosyl transferase1 (AtSAM1, MAT1, METK1, SAM-1, SAM1, AT1G02500) activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsACS2 expression changes |
mirrors |
ethylene levels |
Oryza sativa |
| mature EG fruit |
are capable of producing |
autocatalytic ethylene |
Prunus spp. |
| Rh-ACS2 |
is quickly induced by ethylene in |
gynoecia |
Rosa hybrida |
| ethylene biosynthetic genes |
includes |
Rh-ACS1 |
Rosa hybrida |
| ethylene biosynthetic genes |
includes |
Rh-ACO1 |
Rosa hybrida |
| IAA |
does not induce |
ethylene production in gynoecia-removed flowers |
carnation |
| norbornadiene (NBD) |
completely blocks |
expression of AS in gynoecia |
orchid |
| five floral tissues |
none exhibits |
positive feedback regulation of ethylene biosynthesis |
rose |
| LeACO1 gene |
is expressed with delay after |
LeNCED1 expression |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 1-MCP treatment |
completely blocks |
ethylene production |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ethylene production |
is low during |
S1 stage of fruit development |
Prunus salicina |
| (ACO1, AT4G35830) level |
correlates with |
ethylene production |
Prunus persica |
| (ACS1, AT-ACS1, AT3G61510) |
expression is affected by |
copper ions, hydrogen peroxide, and cycloheximide |
Brassica oleracea |
| ethylene |
down-regulates expression of |
(ACC4, ACS4, ATACS4, AT2G22810) (ACS5, ATACS5, CIN5, ETO2, AT5G65800) and (ACS11, AT4G08040) genes |
|
| exposure to 4% oxygen |
results in increase in |
activity of ACC oxidase |
Zea mays |
| 4% oxygen exposure (6 h) |
causes detection of expression in |
cortex |
|
| aerenchyma formation |
is strong evidence that |
ethylene biosynthesis did occur in the hypoxic roots |
Zea mays |
| expression level of ethylene (ET) biosynthesis genes |
is higher in |
PIC cultivar with high mature fruit abscission potential |
Olea europaea |
| exogenous ethylene (ET) treatment |
induces |
OeACS2 and OeACO2 expression |
Olea europaea |
| Rh-ACS4 |
is not induced by |
ethylene |
Rosa hybrida |
| gynoecia |
do not exhibit positive feedback in |
ethylene biosynthesis |
Rosa × hybrida cv. Samantha |
| system 2 |
is regulated by |
LeACS4 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| LeACS4 |
is controlled in |
positive feedback manner |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| rin tomato fruit |
ethylene production and expression of LeACS2 and LeACS4 did not increase |
ethylene biosynthesis |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ACC oxidase (ACO) |
is targeted for reduction in |
transgenic tomato fruit |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| most apple cultivars |
produce too much |
endogenous ethylene |
Malus domestica |
| ethylene production rate |
differs among |
several plum cultivars |
Prunus domestica |
| ACC content |
is high during |
S1 stage of fruit development |
Prunus salicina |
| decrease in ethylene biosynthesis |
is reversible |
ethylene biosynthesis |
|
| ACC synthase (ACS) |
catalyzes |
conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid |
|
| low softening in Fuji |
can be explained by |
homozygosity at two ethylene biosynthesis genes (Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1) for alleles conditioning low ethylene production |
Malus domestica |
| Md-ACO1 gene |
is associated with |
fruit ethylene production |
|
| methionine |
is converted initially to |
S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) |
|
| ZmACS2/7 |
is detected in |
apex of root cap |
|
| ZmACS2/7 expression following 24 h hypoxia |
is largely limited to |
cortical cells proximal to endodermis |
|
| ZmACS6 |
is expressed in |
root cap of normoxic roots |
Zea mays |
| anoxia |
results in the repression of |
ACC synthase activity and ethylene biosynthesis |
Zea mays |
| ethephon treatment |
increased ACC content in fruit abscission zone–adjacent cell on day 14 in |
both cultivars |
|
| exogenous application of glucose |
enhanced expression of |
(ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) |
|
| tomato LeHB-1 silencing |
reduces |
LeACO1 (ACC oxidase I) expression |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ethylene biosynthesis in tomato fruit |
is primarily regulated by |
three different Sl-ACS mRNAs, Sl-ACS2, -4, and -6 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| greatest amount of ethylene produced |
have been observed in |
ripening mesocarp and epicarp |
Prunus spp. |
| Ps-EOL1 transcript levels |
decreased in abundance along with |
increasing ethylene evolution |
Prunus spp. |
| Sl-ACS4 expression |
inhibits |
expression of Sl-ACS6 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Sl-ACS4 and Sl-ACS2 transcript accumulation |
does not occur in |
rin mutant fruit |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Rh-ACO1 |
is not induced by ethylene in |
sepals |
Rosa hybrida |
| Rh-ACO1 |
is induced by ethylene in |
receptacles |
Rosa hybrida |
| ethylene treatment |
did not affect expression of the five genes in |
receptacles and stamens |
Rosa × hybrida cv. Samantha |
| ACC oxidase |
converts |
ACC to ethylene |
|
| system 1 |
is involved in |
expression of LeACS1A |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
oxidation generates |
cyanide |
|
| β-cyanoalanine synthase (CAS) |
is important in |
stress conditions |
|
| 2,4-D and cobalt chloride combined treatment |
suppresses ethylene biosynthetic rate to |
non-detectable level |
Oryza sativa |
| seed plants |
rely on |
ACC for ethylene production |
|
| 4% oxygen exposure (24 h) |
substantially reduces expression of |
ZmACO35 |
|
| ZmACO15/31 signal in PSE (6 h hypoxia) |
remains stronger than in |
normoxic roots |
|
| ZmACO15 and ZmACO31 subgroups |
are expressed in |
root cap of normoxic roots |
Zea mays |
| Fe deficiency |
up-regulates |
ACC OXIDASE 1 (ACO1, ATACO1, AT2G19590) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene production pattern |
was correlated with |
OsACS2 expression pattern |
Oryza sativa |
| ACC oxidase (ACO) |
catalyzes conversion of |
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene |
Actinidia chinensis |
| (AtTK1b, TK1b, TK2, AT5G23070) line |
did not produce detectable levels of |
climacteric ethylene |
Actinidia chinensis |
| ACC synthase (ACS) |
catalyzes conversion of |
S-AdoMet to ACC |
|
| 1-MCP treatment |
did not inhibit expression of |
Rh-ACO1 |
Rosa × hybrida cv. Samantha |
| (ATEOL1, ETO1, AT3G51770) |
interacts with |
(ACS5, ATACS5, CIN5, ETO2, AT5G65800) |
|
| cumulative effects of system 1 |
may reach a certain limit and induce |
system 2 |
|
| ethylene production in transgenic fruit |
were much lower than |
ethylene production in wild-type fruit |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis |
was performed to determine |
(ACS, AT5G36880) genes responsible for low level of ethylene production in transgenic fruit |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| MdACO1as lines |
have a complete ethylene biosynthesis knockout with respect to |
ripening |
|
| wild-type (WT) rootstock |
normalized |
shoot ethylene relations in (AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6, AT5G10140) scions |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| MaACO |
is |
ethylene biosynthesis enzyme |
Musa acuminata |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) |
is converted to |
1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) |
|
| acs2-1 fruits |
show significantly higher |
ACO activity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| endogenous ACC content |
closely correlates with |
ethylene emission |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ABA |
acts as positive regulator of |
ethylene biosynthesis at onset of ripening in tomato |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 |
is a primary interactor of |
MTC cycle enzymes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) |
is measured in |
liverwort Marchantia polymorpha |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| exogenous ACC taken up by the plant |
can potentially be converted to |
ethylene |
|
| ethylene-precursor ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) |
endogenous changes of |
leaves |
|
| system 2 |
is responsible for |
rapid increase in ethylene production in senescing organs and ripening fruits |
|
| ACC oxidase |
is |
ethylene forming enzyme |
Zea mays |
| hypoxia exposure |
induces |
ACC oxidase expression in root cortex |
Zea mays |
| induction of ethylene biosynthetic machinery expression |
is accompanied by |
reduced rate of root growth |
Zea mays |
| ZmACO or ZmACO expression |
no expression is detected in |
inner stele |
Zea mays |
| oxygen |
is required by |
ACC oxidase to convert ACC into ethylene |
Zea mays |
| endogenously generated nitric oxide (NO) |
suppresses |
ethylene formation in situ |
|
| OeACS2 expression levels in ARB fruit abscission zone–adjacent cell |
declined sharply with |
CoCl2 treatment after 7 d |
|
| epitranscriptomic mRNA modifications, including m1A methylation and ac4C acetylation |
positively affect |
transcript stability and abundance of ethylene-related genes |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| 4% oxygen exposure (3-6 h) |
induces expression of |
ZmACO20 |
|
| ZmACS6 induction |
declines towards |
distal portion of root |
|
| ZmACO15/31 expression in PSE |
is observed in |
most PSE within 1–2 cells of cell file |
|
| ZmACO20/35 signal in CC (6 h hypoxia) |
is more readily detected than in |
earlier timepoints |
|
| ethylene evolution |
increases to 10-fold by 12 h before |
decreasing upon longer exposure to hypoxia |
Zea mays |
| NT-ACS2 |
was up-regulated in |
transgenic plants expressing harpins |
Nicotiana tabacum; Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ACC/MACC content |
was examined in |
AZ of Arbequina and Picual fruit |
Olea europaea |
| MACC content after 14 d of treatment |
was boosted by treatments in |
ARB but did not respond significantly to treatments in PIC |
|
| ethylene |
is synthesized from |
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) |
|
| ethylene treatment |
obviously enhanced ethylene production in |
petals |
Rosa × hybrida cv. Samantha |
| clonidine and guanfacine |
reduce |
ethephon-induced expression of (ACS1, AT-ACS1, AT3G61510) (ACC synthase) |
Citrus sinensis |
| SoACS gene |
is involved in |
ethylene (ET) synthesis |
Sinapis officinale |
| ABA treatment |
promotes |
LeACS2 expression |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| β-cyanoalanine synthase (CAS) |
is important in |
auxin-induction |
|
| OsCAS expression |
is related to |
decline in endogenous ethylene biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| MaACS |
is |
ethylene biosynthesis enzyme |
Musa acuminata |
| heat stress treatment |
up-regulates |
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3/ACC synthase 3 (LeACS3) |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| OsACS6 |
was excluded from analysis due to |
putative function loss of (ACS, AT5G36880) activity |
Oryza sativa |
| Fe deficiency |
does not significantly change |
ethylene production |
Hordeum vulgare |
| ACC and MACC content |
have been observed in |
ripening mesocarp and epicarp |
Prunus spp. |
| cytokinin |
does not have any role in |
enhancing ethylene production in plum fruit through inhibition of (EOL1, AT4G02680) and Type 2 ACC synthesis interaction |
Prunus spp. |
| ethylene biosynthetic genes |
includes |
Rh-ACS3 |
Rosa hybrida |
| ethylene treatment |
induced expression of |
Rh-ACO1 |
Rosa × hybrida cv. Samantha |
| after-ripening (AR) process in the very early phase of imbibition (first 6 h) |
strongly inhibits the expression of |
SoACS7 and SoACO2 |
Sinapis officinale |
| 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment |
suppresses |
ethylene production |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| transcripts of LeACS2 and LeACS4 |
increased dramatically with |
burst of ripening-associated ethylene production |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| shoot phenotype |
includes |
xylem sap ACC concentration |
|
| WT rootstock |
decreased xylem ACC concentration of |
(AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6, AT5G10140) scions |
|
| DcATX1 |
binds to promoter of |
DcACO1 |
Dianthus caryophyllus L. |