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enzyme catalysis

8873 relationships annotated with this phrase. Showing first 500 of 8873.
Source entity Relationship Target entity Species
Mg 2+ coordination in GmHAD1-2 has also been suggested for phosphoserine phosphatase from human and Methanococcus jannaschii Homo sapiens; Methanococcus jannaschii
dissimilarities between eugenol-producing and IGS activities are probably related to different positioning of substrate in active site
residues 85 and 88 in ObEGS1 have been identified as key amino acids determining product specificity
amino acid variations must affect positioning of NADPH in active site
cap domain provide specificity determinants for substrate coordination
sigmoidal kinetics in human glucokinase is consequence of rearrangement induced by substrate binding Homo sapiens
effect of OsRbcS1 on Kc was larger than that of sorghum RbcS Oryza sativa
K436E and R556E variants produce lowest ferredoxin-dependent catalytic efficiencies of any variants tested Spinacia oleracea
AEPs at optimal pHs have C : H ratios < 0.25
magnesium is critical co-factor of multiple enzymes in biological processes
six residues seem to have no direct involvement in catalytic mechanism
PeAEP1 was AEP-like (C : H ratio 0.49 at pH 6.0)
PiAEP1 and PeAEP1 displayed very different functional profiles
amino acid substitutions in OsRbcS1 may affect catalytic properties of Rubisco Oryza sativa
catalytic tradeoff between kcat and Kc is often observed in enzyme catalysis
Substitution of Ser169 to Gly in PeAEP1 represents sixfold increase relative to WT
PALs at optimal pHs have C : H ratio of > 20
Mg 2+ for GmHAD1-2 activity is consistent with Mg 2+ directly coordinated with Asp 9, Asp 11, Asp 178 and phosphate in the GmHAD1-2 structure Glycine max
CitCCD4 enzyme exhibited substrate specificity Citrus unshiu
DcAEP1 (Gly167–Ala168) had butelase-2-like profile with C : H ratios < 0.25 from pH 4.0 to 8.0
sorghum RbcS had similar effects on kinetic properties and the expression level of Rubisco with OsRbcS1 Oryza sativa
ferredoxin variants exhibited significantly lower KM values with nitrite reductase than wild-type ferredoxin Anabaena sp. PCC 7120; Spinacia oleracea
Asp 179 in human phosphoserine phosphatase plays vital role for interactions with Mg 2+ Homo sapiens
nitrite reductase samples displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to ferredoxin concentration Spinacia oleracea
HaPAL1 was the exception with pH optimum of 7.0–7.5
substantial effects on the catalytic properties of Rubisco strongly support hypothesis that RbcS can make a significant contribution to determining the catalytic performance of Rubisco Oryza sativa
inverting glycosidases do not covalently react with cyclophellitol aziridine probes
variants show significant losses in ability to reduce nitrite to ammonia Spinacia oleracea
tomato chlorogenate:chlorogenate transferase (CCT) activity is optimal at pH 4 Solanum lycopersicum
acceptor can influence catalytic site activity of (AT-GT2, GT2, AT1G76890) enzymes
R375E variant shows 95% decrease in activity Spinacia oleracea
qualitative changes in synthesis of prenyl diphosphates are consistent with role of amino acid residues within (ACPT, AtcPT3, CPT, cPT3, AT2G23410) conserved region II as determinants of substrate and product specificity Solanum habrochaites
(AT-GT2, GT2, AT1G76890) (ATCSLA02, ATCSLA2, CSLA02, CSLA2, AT5G22740) enzyme is likely to have a single active site Arabidopsis thaliana
CSLF6 enzyme appears to have highest specific activity
relative domain rotation of about 12° in yeast HXK is important for catalysis to exclude water from active site Saccharomyces cerevisiae
introduction of RbcS of a high kcat Rubisco from sorghum significantly increased kcat and Kc of rice Rubisco Oryza sativa
introduction of sorghum RbcS successfully increased kcat of rice Rubisco Oryza sativa
increasing kcat is likely to lead to decrease in the affinity and specificity for CO2
R556E variant exhibits extremely large increase in KM for ferredoxin Spinacia oleracea
amino acids immediately flanking aromatic residues within conserved domain II could be important for determining (ACPT, AtcPT3, CPT, cPT3, AT2G23410) activity through modifying spatial orientation Solanum habrochaites
His at position 211 in C4 plants PPCKA functions as acid/base catalyst Flaveria
R556E variant shows greater decrease in ferredoxin-dependent activity than methyl viologen-dependent activity Spinacia oleracea
Abies grandis pinene synthase had product spectrum altered by site-directed mutagenesis Abies grandis
Anabaena ferredoxins displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics when tested with spinach leaf nitrite reductase Anabaena sp. PCC 7120; Spinacia oleracea
relative positioning of bulky aromatic amino acids between predicted second and third helices of short-chain CPTs are insufficient to confer complete reciprocal change to zFPS Solanum habrochaites
K83E variant exhibits 1000-fold increase in KM for ferredoxin Spinacia oleracea
K49E variant shows low catalytic efficiency with ferredoxin Spinacia oleracea
K100E variant shows comparable losses of methyl viologen-linked activity Spinacia oleracea
EcCPS may have higher Vmax or lower Km for substrates than plant cyclopropane synthase (CPS) enzymes
N304E variant exhibits only modest increase in KM for ferredoxin Spinacia oleracea
dimer form of NADPH thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC, AT2G41680) is catalytically active form of NADPH thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC, AT2G41680) Arabidopsis thaliana
relative positions of NDPS1 Tyr-100 and zFPS Phe-107 may impact substrate and product specificities of NDPS1 and zFPS Solanum habrochaites
C-terminal charge-reversing substitutions produced similar decreases at both positions 94 and 95 Anabaena sp. PCC 7120; Spinacia oleracea
OsRbcS1 increases kcat and Kc to become a high-activity-type Rubisco Oryza sativa
F65I replacement produced variant with KM value 4.3-fold lower than wild-type Anabaena sp. PCC 7120; Spinacia oleracea
K268E variant has catalytic efficiency with ferredoxin only 1.5% of wild-type Spinacia oleracea
cocaine synthase may involve induced fit mechanism Erythroxylum coca
immobilized pairing of malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase showed kinetic advantage over free enzymes
cleft in the surface of the β-helix structure constitutes active region of the protein
K268E variant shows substantially higher loss of activity when ferredoxin serves as donor Spinacia oleracea
divalent cations inactivate (ATNUDT1, ATNUDX1, NUDX1, AT1G68760) enzyme Rosa x hybrida
R375E variant shows low catalytic efficiency with ferredoxin Spinacia oleracea
optimal pH of four AEPs ranged from pH 4.0 to 5.5
Asp 9 in GmHAD1-2 plays critical role for GmHAD1-2 Glycine max
K80E and K83E variants produce catalytic efficiencies only 0.5 and 0.02% of wild-type Spinacia oleracea
alcohol cosubstrate of most other BAHD enzyme lack any group with potential charge at physiological pH values, and thus may function optimally at lower pH values
relative positioning of bulky aromatic amino acids between predicted second and third helices of short-chain CPTs are sufficient to convert substrate and product specificities of zFPS to those of NDPS1 Solanum habrochaites
DkBG1 has Vmax of 0.59 μM min−1 persimmon
Hyoscyamus muticus premnaspirodiene synthase had product spectrum altered by site-directed mutagenesis Hyoscyamus muticus
amino acid sequences in two regions of S. fruticosa and S. pomifera were different and attracted attention and were consequently mutagenized Salvia fruticosa; Salvia pomifera
label on pre-labeled protein turned over upon incubation with excess unlabeled substrate enzymatic activity
oxygen dependence of FC lyase supports mechanism proposed by Tschantz et al. for prenylcysteine lyase family Arabidopsis thaliana
SET domain constitutes catalytic site of the enzyme
enzyme catalyzes the formation or consumption of 1 μmol min−1 NADPH or NADH
Kinetics of the PM H+-ATPase from 0 and 5-h imbibed embryos showed negative cooperativity Zea mays
other metal co-factors and concentrations in combination with different pH values could result in formation of different product quantities
(AAT2, ASP2, AT5G19550) uses pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor
analysis of residues involved in activation of C72 identifies R28 as being mainly responsible for shift in pKa Arabidopsis thaliana
excess Na+ competes with K+ for binding sites important for catalytic activities of many enzymes
second-tier residues may influence active site surface and architecture
essential enzymes catalyze more than 140 distinct enzymatic reactions
pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) is cofactor for over 140 enzymes
site-directed mutagenesis approaches allowed the identification of key amino acids of the active site
Structural constraint of substrate pockets of GGTs is indicative of regio-selectivity of GGT-catalyzed glycosyl transfer
A. grandis γ-humulene synthase had product spectrum altered by site-directed mutagenesis Abies grandis
3-D structures based on protein crystallization including substrate (GPP, VTC4, AT3G02870) might point out subtle differences that favor or prevent cyclization reaction
(ATNUDT1, ATNUDX1, NUDX1, AT1G68760) proteins require cations for catalytic reaction Rosa chinensis; Rosa x wichurana; Arabidopsis thaliana
substrate-binding site is coordinated with three Mn2+ and one ATP molecule through hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions
His416 in Physaria fendleri lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-like phospholipase A (PfLCAT-PLA) presumably resulted in loss of base which activates serine nucleophile Physaria fendleri
potassium (K) is essential for enzyme activation
reported preference of EcCPS for sn-2 position of phospholipid may not reflect actual preference of EcCPS
Rubisco from transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsRbcS1 showed higher Kc and slightly lower Sc/o than those in nontransgenic rice Oryza sativa
F65A replacement resulted in increase in KM to 200 μM Anabaena sp. PCC 7120; Spinacia oleracea
enzymes from 0 and 5-h imbibed embryos presented similar kinetics with some quantitative differences Zea mays
calculated metabolite concentrations below reported values indicates undersaturation of respective enzymes Arabidopsis thaliana
chemical reaction schemes in databases do not show dependence on other coenzymes
TaCAD1 reactions took place immediately, regardless of order of components added typical random mechanism of TaCAD1 reaction Triticum aestivum
cytoplasmic K+ concentration ([K+]cyt) meets optimal K+ concentration for cytoplasmic enzyme activities
low substrate concentration led to decreased enzymatic reaction rate tomato
plant LCAT-PLAs contain XHSXG lipase motif
equal rate of XGO 1 and XGO 3 release would be expected for strict transglycosylase Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtXTH12, XTH12, AT5G57530) shows the highest tolerance of side-chain variation with good activities for five of six tested acceptor substrates, including pentasaccharide XXGol Arabidopsis thaliana
amino acid sequence variation at position 884 and surrounding sites in plant aldehyde oxidases offers the possibility that this region determines substrate specificity and reaction rate of aldehyde oxidase
ManS has specific activity of 100 pmol min−1 mg−1 membrane protein
Ser/Asp/His catalytic triad is well conserved among phospholipase A 1 (PLA 1), LCAT-PLA and other LCAT-like proteins
C4-Rubisco exhibits catalytic variability
triterpene synthesis involves catalytic mechanisms
UDA enhances accessibility to active sites
catalytic activity of GS particularly phosphate (PO4−) transfer site in which three Mn2+ ions, in addition to residues Arg311 and Arg332 are projected to mechanize the PO4− transfer reaction
predicted Physaria fendleri lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-like phospholipase A (PfLCAT-PLA) model structure exhibits canonical Ser/His/Asp catalytic triad Physaria fendleri
Physaria fendleri lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-like phospholipase A (PfLCAT-PLA) encodes active enzyme Physaria fendleri
(AtNIT4, NIT4, AT5G22300) shows high substrate specificity
single amino acid change in highly conserved region of (PSY, AT5G17230) protein results in increased catalytic activity when tested in E. coli Escherichia coli
Reversibly Glycosylated Protein (RGP, RGP3, AT3G08900) was not, by itself, sufficient to catalyze product formation
TaCAD1 showed lowest catalytic efficiencies towards 5-OH-coniferyl and caffeoyl aldehydes Triticum aestivum
TaCAD1 showed higher catalytic efficiencies for sinapyl and p-coumaryl aldehydes Triticum aestivum
R51 in human (ATSRX, SRX, AT1G31170) most likely functions to activate C99 to thiolate form Homo sapiens
XET-C domain has role in recognition and guidance of xyloglucan (XG) substrates to active site
plant phospholipase A (PLA) enzymes possess highly conserved lipase motif
Pmax was correlated with Km (RuBP) Synechocystis PCC6803
E76 not being crucial in wild-type plant enzyme suggests pair histidine–glutamic acid may be involved in activation of C72 in absence of R28 Arabidopsis thaliana
Pmax was correlated with kcat Synechocystis PCC6803
five enzymes showed low activity rates with all non-xyloglucan polymers tested in comparison to xyloglucan as donor substrate Arabidopsis thaliana
acidic component of catalytic triad is essential for activity
rice PUL expressed in E. coli (rPUL) had specific activity toward pullulan of 29.2 nmol maltose-equivalent μg−1 protein min−1 Oryza sativa; Escherichia coli
Asp241 in D281Y mutant is fixed in optimal position for binding (GLC, AT1G65450) part of sucrose Triticum aestivum
inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is eukaryotic-specific small molecule co-factor
type III secreted effectors (T3Es) target enzyme activity
Tyr105 and Arg178 in CmBCAT1 are important in catalysis and stabilizing dimeric structure
all enzymes non-xyloglucan polymers were preferred in order: water-soluble cellulose acetate (WSCA) > hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) > mixed-linkage β-glucan (MLG) > carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) Arabidopsis thaliana
mutation of C72S resulted in abolition of activity Arabidopsis thaliana
recombinant (AtPAO5, PAO5, AT4G29720) protein has a better activity as a dehydrogenase rather than as an oxidase Arabidopsis thaliana
Physaria fendleri lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-like phospholipase A (PfLCAT-PLA) D391A mutant led to dramatic decrease in enzyme activity Physaria fendleri
residues R28, K40, and C72 have been demonstrated to play critical role in functionality of enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
double mutant R28Q/E76A was produced and resulting protein was inactive in absence and presence of reductor Arabidopsis thaliana
hydroquinone is peroxidase substrate
activity assays can assess enzymatic activity
3-oxoglutaric acid synthase (OGAS) and pyrrolidine ketide synthase (PYKS) enzymes reveal key residue differences between active site composition
alterations in substrate-binding amino acids at positions 806 and 884 in the active site affect substrate specificity of aldehyde oxidase Homo sapiens; Mus musculus
recombinant (ATGR2, EMB2360, GR, GR2, MIAO, AT3G54660) catalyzes via NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+-based mechanism Arabidopsis thaliana
temperature-induced CAM–C3 shifts certainly include direct effects on catalytic and diffusive processes
deletion of four C-terminal residues in sorghum C4-isoform PEPC destroyed catalytic activity Sorghum bicolor
BITC was rarely acted on by GSTFs Arabidopsis thaliana
Tyr274 in Ci1-FEHIIa can act as pKa modulator Cichorium intybus
substitution of glycine may affect loop structure or dynamics during catalysis
malate interacts at catalytic site Zea mays
addition of ferrous iron (400 μM) enhances cleavage activity of AtCCD4
temperature range that suppresses banana degreening is theoretically not high enough to inhibit enzymatic reactions Musa acuminata
GLDP1-GLDP2 heterodimer may be catalytically impaired Arabidopsis thaliana
ACS2-ACS7 heterodimer is catalytically dead Arabidopsis thaliana
Glu297 and Asp56 residues play a role to bind NH4+ (substrate 2)
biochemical analysis is required for characterization of substrates, enzymatic activities, and products
structural characterization of plant PKSs has facilitated probing of plant PKS iterative catalysis
Arg-587 and Asn-881 are indicated to be essential for catalytic activity Escherichia coli
plant fructosyltransferases (FTs) exhibit differences in substrate specificity
purified TaCAD1 protein kinetics toward five possible substrates Escherichia coli
XXFGol also proved to be good substrate for (ATXTH17, XTH17, AT1G65310) (ATXTH18, XTH18, AT4G30280) and (ATXTH19, XTH19, AT4G30290) Arabidopsis thaliana
C2-PLDs require Ca2+
loop regions can be of importance for substrate binding
all domains for (CaS, AT5G23060) activity are confirmed from an individual monomer Saccharomyces cerevisiae
kcat in Rubisco-deficient transgenic plant leaves was estimated to be 4.24 s−1 after carbamylation ratio of 0.8 at 1500 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 was taken into account
Asp281 and its homologues in wheat FTs is involved in donor substrate specificity Triticum aestivum
active site of Ta1-FFT is composed of nucleophile Asp26, acid-base catalyst Glu208, and transition-state stabilizer Asp150 Triticum aestivum
H-bonds at –1 and +2 subsites seem to be crucial for binding 1-kestose to active site Cichorium intybus
conjugation of CDNB varied over three orders of magnitude within the superfamily Arabidopsis thaliana
BITC was more discriminating (ATGSTU24, GST, GSTU24, AT1G17170) substrate Arabidopsis thaliana
majority of the GSTs also had some GPOX activity Arabidopsis thaliana
Tilia cordata leaves growing in natural canopy have apparent kcat of 1.6 s−1 Tilia cordata
homologue of Arg360 in Lp6G-FFT (Trp343) affected acceptor substrate specificity Lolium perenne
GFP tagged with N-terminal (GFP-RnD6C/D/E) has no effect on activity of Delta 6-desaturase (Δ6-desaturase) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Biological variation of kcat was wide
hexamer of PsPrxIIF exhibited lowest activity in enzymatic assay
BITC was acted on by most tau class enzymes Arabidopsis thaliana
biochemical analysis of catalytic properties failed to show any significant or even indication of differences in Rubisco between M.×giganteus and Z. mays Miscanthus×giganteus; Zea mays
1-kestose as donor substrate in Ta1-FFT position is unknown Triticum aestivum
conformational flexibility of Arg360 in Bacillus subtilis levansucrase plays role in switching between donor and acceptor substrate binding modi Bacillus subtilis
Tyr residue in D281Y mutant promotes sucrose donor substrate recognition Triticum aestivum
(XET, XTH33, AT1G10550) action at different sites exhibited different pH optima Arabidopsis thaliana
anomalous pKa value of 4.98 for C99 from human (ATSRX, SRX, AT1G31170) makes C72 especially reactive Homo sapiens
ZmCKX1 has most preferred electron acceptor DCPIP Zea mays
Arg245 in Ta1-SST fulfils role in holding Asp242 in optimal position for binding sucrose Triticum aestivum
RnD6D can use alpha-linolenic acids (ALA) as substrate Ribes nigrum
protonation during enediolization of RuBP bound to carbamylated enzyme may generate different 5C phosphates that block active site
mature birch (Betula pendula) leaves have average kcat of about 2 s−1 Betula pendula
rVC (1.26 and 3.16nM) had no effect on the kinetic parameters of An PGII Aspergillus niger
Oleuropein levels decreased substantially after 30min Nicotiana benthamiana
kinetic parameters for GABA are similar in presence of pyruvate and glyoxylate Arabidopsis thaliana
specific activities of rPUL toward β-limit and φ-limit amylopectin were much higher than those toward non-treated amylopectin Oryza sativa
dimer formation and (ATFTA, FTA, PFT/PGGT-IALPHA, PLP, AT3G59380) binding are essential for (CaS, AT5G23060) activity Saccharomyces cerevisiae
RnD6E can use alpha-linolenic acids (ALA) as substrate Ribes nigrum
differences in the fractionation factor of Rubisco pose a useful means for interpreting reaction mechanism variations
this polypeptide functions in an essentially irreversible manner catalytic reaction Arabidopsis thaliana
maize K835G and R894G mutant PEPCs retain major catalytic properties PEPC catalytic function Zea mays
ZmCKX10 activity is markedly less significantly affected by tested electron acceptors Zea mays
several XTHs revealed differences in catalytic properties
substrate recognition sites 1–6 (SRS1–6) could be involved in substrate recognition and binding
inactivity of double mutant R28Q/E76A validated prediction of catalytic triad Arabidopsis thaliana
contents of crude extract such as enzymes, metabolites, or inhibitors may change apparent activity of the enzyme at this temperature range
(AAH, ATAAH, AT4G20070) warrants further study at enzymatic level Glycine max
legumain-mediated catalytic reactions are pH-dependent
cap domains in HAD structure play a critical role in controlling substrate specificity
accessibility of the HAD phosphatase active site is affected by cap domain movements
PiAEP1 was PAL-like (C : H ratio 10.4 at pH 6.0)
Rubisco small (S) subunit is essential for maximum catalytic activity
surface area of starch granules is important for catalytic rate
NADPH supplementation did not increase product formation of poplar CYP71B enzymes Populus trichocarpa; Escherichia coli
Ser21 to Ala mutation in ZbGT1 reduces ZbGT1 enzyme activity Zanthoxylum bungeanum
recombinant MmSMO protein shows that ferricenium is a poorer electron acceptor than O2 electron acceptor preference Mus musculus
amino acids in maize class II TPS genes are essential for substrate binding Zea mays
amino acid residues Trp204, Ser205, Gln209, Phe216, Cys291, and Phe498 of OeGLU are implicated in substrate specificity Olea europaea
ZmCKX1 activity is dramatically increased in presence of electron acceptor Zea mays
non-conserved amino acid residues in OeGLU active site are indicative of high substrate specificity Olea europaea
recombinant OeGLU is able to promote strong protein cross-linking activity upon oleuropein hydrolysis Nicotiana benthamiana
maize class II TPS proteins may not possess catalytic activity Zea mays
β-glucosidase enzyme from mature olive fruit exhibited high substrate specificity to oleuropein Olea europaea
Most GTs bind UDP moiety of substrate via DXD motif and Mn2+ or Mg2+ ions
PrGT34C assayed using UDP-[14C]xylose and cellotetraose, cellopentaose or cellohexaose, and UDP-[14C]galactose and cellohexaose or mannohexaose Pinus radiata
AtIPMDH3-L133F mutant enhanced catalytic efficiency approximately 100-fold with 3-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalate Arabidopsis thaliana
E. coli R832G mutant PEPC shows high activity PEPC catalytic function Escherichia coli
(ATGSTU25, GSTU25, AT1G17180) had particularly high activity Arabidopsis thaliana
three GSTTs were shown to be highly active as GPOXs Arabidopsis thaliana
GFP tagged with C-terminal (RnD6C/D/E-GFP) could decrease activity of Delta 6-desaturase (Δ6-desaturase) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
10min after the start of the reaction showed more than 70% of oleuropein was hydrolysed Nicotiana benthamiana
amino acid residues His156, Glu 202, Trp482, Glu489, and Trp490 of OeGLU are most likely involved in glucose binding Olea europaea
Asp (d-321) and His (H-326) are part of GDSL lipase catalytic triad Solanum lycopersicum
His-22 is necessary for catalytic activity of Medicago truncatula UGT71G1 Medicago truncatula
C-terminal region of GDSL lipase harbors His (H-326) Solanum lycopersicum
K268E variant retains 98% of methyl viologen-linked activity of wild-type enzyme Spinacia oleracea
OsRbcS1 could be a much better candidate than sorghum RbcS to enhance kcat of Rubisco Oryza sativa
small chemical probes lock enzymatic mechanism in covalent intermediate state
steady-state kinetic analysis identified key residues involved in substrate specificity Arabidopsis thaliana
F65I variant has KM value of 23 μM Anabaena sp. PCC 7120; Spinacia oleracea
(PMR5, TBL44, AT5G58600) protein shows significant activity at pH up to 7.0 with medium-length oligogalacturonides (OGAs)
Mn2+ promoted Md CNL catalytic activity Malus domestica
C187 and C293 residues of Ea DAcT are most important for activity
Gln348 to Ala mutation in ZbGT1 caused only a slight decrease in ZbGT1 activity Zanthoxylum bungeanum
proposed histidine active site in third TMD may be readily accessible by cytosolic acetyl-CoA substrate
(ATCOM1, ATGR1, COM1, GR1, AT3G52115) catalyzes via essentially irreversible, NADPH-based mechanism Arabidopsis thaliana
Rubisco from M.×giganteus grown at low temperature has lower activation energy (Ea) than that of Z. mays Miscanthus×giganteus; Zea mays
Betula pendula leaves growing in natural canopy have apparent kcat of 2.3 s−1 Betula pendula
Asp281 is important player to determine difference in donor substrate selectivity between Ta1-FFT and Ta1-SST Triticum aestivum
purified proteins from Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum lycopersicum, Brassica rapa, and Brassica napus exhibited broader substrate specificity and were capable of using both quinate and shikimate as substrates Nicotiana tabacum; Solanum lycopersicum; Brassica rapa; Brassica napus
(PMR5, TBL44, AT5G58600) protein has similar activity levels with medium-length oligogalacturonides (OGAs)
reaction rate of Sorghum bicolor (GSTL2, AT3G55040) (Sb ) was similar at pH 6–6.5 Sorghum bicolor
conifer QDH in Branch B is predicted to have NADP+ cofactor specificity
potassium ferricyanide is a better electron acceptor than O2 for recombinant (AtPAO5, PAO5, AT4G29720) protein Arabidopsis thaliana
R391 substitution with aspartate residue in all maize class II TPS proteins may abolish enzymatic activity Zea mays
DkBG1 has Km value for ABA-GE of 0.7 mM persimmon
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) has slow carboxylase turnover rate
X-loop is proposed to carry substrate specificity Rosa x hybrida; Arabidopsis thaliana
first Asp residue in HAD members such as OsHAD1 is nucleophilic reagent Oryza sativa
fluorescence signal can be visualized only when the enzyme works
key amino acids of terpene synthases altered product spectrum of terpene synthases
Substitution of Ser169 to Gly in PeAEP1 rescued part of ligase activity to give C : H ratio to 3.1 at pH 6.5
protein stability and cofactor affinity were shown to positively correlate with reaction velocity and enzyme performance
enzymes with glycine at position 381 should possess QDH activity
Nicotiana tabacum QDH use quinate as substrate Nicotiana tabacum
(AtPDC1, PDC1, AT4G33070) activity toward pyruvate has optimum pH of pH 5.5 Cucumis melo
FvXTH6 showed Vmax of 0.0039 nkat mg−1 for XXXGol Fragaria vesca
spatial distribution of critical residues for JA binding and shape of substrate-binding pocket together define substrate selectivity of JOXs
VtAEP1 acted predominantly like AEP, with C : H ratios that remained < 1 throughout tested pH range
BmAEP1–S161A conferred PAL-like activity with C : H ratios > 20 from pH 4.0 to 8.0
PeAEP2 is bifunctional, acting predominantly as protease at pH < 5.0 but as ligase at pH > 5.5
Kc in rice expressing OsRbcS1 was 1.54- to 3.27-fold higher than in nontransgenic rice Oryza sativa
K100E variant shows low catalytic efficiency with ferredoxin Spinacia oleracea
spontaneous reactions in biological systems are sometimes made faster and/or more specific via the action of enzymes
O-methylation reaction occurring more easily enhances reaction efficiency Arabidopsis thaliana
3-D structures constructed on homology-based modeling did not identify amino acids or regions relevant for cineole/terpineol ratio formation
lower soil pH reduces metal adsorption and like-charge surface repulsion, increasing solubility and affinity of acid phosphatase (AP) and substrates
BmAEP1–S161A efficiently suppressed protease activity of wild-type (WT) BmAEP1
NF substrates were incubated with purified recombinant proteins Sinorhizobium meliloti; Medicago truncatula; Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum
FaEGS2 exhibits product versatility
V155G (homologous to butelase-1 Gly172) mutation could increase ligase activity
PeAEP2 has C : H ratio 7.2 c . pH 7.0
C0-type and capped HAD phosphatases process macromolecular substrates (e.g. DNA and RNA) and small metabolites
more spacious pocket for 3-BTD binding in Arabidopsis thaliana CCoAOMT (AtCCoAOMT) may allow O-methylation to occur more easily O-methylation reaction Arabidopsis thaliana
mutation of Asp 9 into Ala 9 in GmHAD1-2 significantly reduced enzymatic activity Glycine max
Asp387 to Ala mutation in ZbGT1 decreased ZbGT1 activity Zanthoxylum bungeanum
exo-polygalacturonase (exoPG) acting at non-reducing end avoids steric hindrance due to galactaric acid at opposite end
pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) is used as cofactor for a large number of essential enzymes
site-directed mutagenesis approaches allowed the identification of key amino acids distant from active site
PEPC activity varies with temperature
enzyme function is dependent on enzyme activity, not its concentration
MnCl2 required for PrGT34B activity Pinus radiata
F290D mutant SoyFDH has catalytic constant of 5.1 s⁻¹ Glycine max
wild-type SoyFDH has catalytic constant of 2.9 s⁻¹ Glycine max
tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase demonstrates strict substrate specificity Papaver somniferum
tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase has apparent Km value of 11.5 microm for S-adenosyl-L-methionine Papaver somniferum
phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase C does not require Ca(2+) Arabidopsis thaliana
S253, H257 and D258 residues of Ea DAcT are essential for enzyme activity of Ea DAcT
PrGT34B able to use both UDP-xylose and UDP-galactose Pinus radiata
His84 to Ala mutation in ZbGT1 reduces ZbGT1 enzyme activity Zanthoxylum bungeanum
V25 residue in Codeinone reductase (COR) affects product selectivity Papaver somniferum
predicted QDHs were recombinantly expressed and assayed for activity with quinate and shikimate Nicotiana tabacum; Solanum lycopersicum; Brassica rapa; Brassica napus
functional impacts of DHQD active site variations were determined by conducting activity assays using recombinant proteins Solanum lycopersicum; Nicotiana tabacum; Brassica rapa
Thr293 to Ala mutation in ZbGT1 decreased ZbGT1 activity Zanthoxylum bungeanum
D258A and D258N mutants of Ea DAcT show low activity
charge–charge interaction between pyridine ring nitrogen of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (ATFTA, FTA, PFT/PGGT-IALPHA, PLP, AT3G59380) and Asp272 is characteristic of aminotransferases such as PAT and AAT
others use NAD+
cations are prerequisite for Md CNL enzymatic activity Malus domestica
DCIP is a better electron acceptor than O2 for recombinant (AtPAO5, PAO5, AT4G29720) protein Arabidopsis thaliana
all functionally characterized GT34 proteins have retaining mechanism
amino acid substitutions at position 290 increased K(м)(HCOO-) from 1.5 to 4.1-5.0 mM Glycine max
F290S mutant SoyFDH has catalytic constant of 4.1 s⁻¹ Glycine max
His151 in ZbGT1 is critical for substrate binding and enzymatic activity Zanthoxylum bungeanum
AtIPMDH1-F137L mutant enhanced catalytic efficiency with 3-isopropylmalate Arabidopsis thaliana
Gln348, Glu371, and Trp345 to Ala mutations in ZbGT1 caused only a slight decrease in ZbGT1 activity Zanthoxylum bungeanum
X-ray crystallography of Arabidopsis thaliana MDLs suggested potential explanation for lack of tautomerase activity in MDLs Arabidopsis thaliana
Ef DAcT and Ek DAcT possessed higher activity compared with other acetyltransferases
mutation of individual residues in Ea DAcT failed to alter specificity of Ea DAcT
flexible residues located opposite to main access channel may allow for opening and enhanced access to active site
cap domain could mediate solvent exclusion/inclusion during the catalytic cycle
flexible glycine (Gly187) instead of Ser187 in Arabidopsis GLN1;5 may provide additional elasticity for substrate binding and subsequent catalysis Arabidopsis thaliana
loss of Asp391 in Physaria fendleri lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-like phospholipase A (PfLCAT-PLA) led to partial loss of enzyme activity Physaria fendleri
His84 in ZbGT1 is critical for substrate binding and enzymatic activity Zanthoxylum bungeanum
(ASPGA1, AT5G08100) had a preference for beta-aspartyl-His Arabidopsis thaliana
little effect of viscosity on recombinant (ATCBR, CBR, CBR1, AT5G17770) module and methyl viologen nitrate reduction suggests no large conformational changes involved in these activities Zea mays; Arabidopsis thaliana; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
AtPAT mutants co-crystallized with α-ketoglutarate define molecular mechanisms of keto acid substrate recognition Arabidopsis thaliana
hydroxy group of Ser182 forms hydrogen bond with His416 Physaria fendleri
glutamate at position 258 in Aa DAcT possibly explains weak acetyltransferase activity of Aa DAcT
amino acid residues important for activity of Ea DAcT are identified in Ea DAcT
LsAEP1 (Ala167–Pro168) had bifunctional profile with C : H ratio 1.5 at optimal pH 5.0
first Asp (i.e. Asp 9) in GmHAD1-2 might act as essential nucleophile that forms a phosphoaspartate intermediate during catalysis Glycine max
mutation of Asp 179 (equal to site Asp 178 in GmHAD1-2) to Glu or Asn in human phosphoserine phosphatase resulted in dramatic loss of affinity to Mg 2+ Homo sapiens
K80E variant exhibits 20-fold increase in KM for ferredoxin Spinacia oleracea
indole-3-acetaldoxime is not considered a physiological substrate of (CYP83A1, REF2, AT4G13770) Arabidopsis thaliana
kinetic analyses on recombinant Arabidopsis farnesylcysteine lyase (FCLY, AT5G63910) gain insights into catalytic mechanism of farnesylcysteine lyase (FCLY, AT5G63910) Arabidopsis thaliana
UniProt knowledge base (UniProtKB) has recently incorporated feature that links chemical structures of products to enzyme reactions
13 site-specific variants have steady-state kinetic parameters Spinacia oleracea
E94D replacement produces effects on Kd for binding to nitrite reductase, KM for ferredoxin and Vmax similar to E94K variant Anabaena sp. PCC 7120; Spinacia oleracea
nitrogen in the tropane ring at pH above 8 is uncharged, which may be important for substrate binding and acid-base catalyzed reaction mechanism
R502E variant shows 42% loss in methyl viologen-linked activity Spinacia oleracea
E94K variant has KM value of 10 μM Anabaena sp. PCC 7120; Spinacia oleracea
recombinant PAT protein exhibits high affinity for substrates involved in both PAT and AAT activities
K80E variant shows 92% decrease in activity Spinacia oleracea
N304E variant shows substantially higher loss of activity when ferredoxin serves as donor Spinacia oleracea
R502 shows rather modest effects of charge-reversing R502E replacement on ferredoxin-dependent kinetic parameters Spinacia oleracea
structural features manifest distinct substrate and mechanistic selectivity
wild-type nitrite reductase has steady-state kinetic parameters Spinacia oleracea
residues within conserved domain II of NDPS1 and zFPS are important for determining substrate and product specificity of short-chain CPTs Solanum habrochaites
wild-type Anabaena ferredoxin has KM value of 100 μM Anabaena sp. PCC 7120; Spinacia oleracea
PNPG5 is small molecule that would interact with fewer amino acids on an active BAM than starch
(NTRC, AT2G41680) A164G-V182E-R183F mutant shows reduced activity Arabidopsis thaliana
pectin methylesterases (PMEs) appear to be carboxylate hydrolases containing two Asp residues in the active site
(NTRC, AT2G41680) A164G-R183F mutant shows reduced activity Arabidopsis thaliana
C-terminal region of GDSL lipase has essential role in SlGDSL2 activity Solanum lycopersicum
N304E variant shows 37% loss in methyl viologen-linked activity Spinacia oleracea
R375E variant shows comparable losses of methyl viologen-linked activity Spinacia oleracea
coiled-coil motif may form part of machinery involved in initial substrate binding, in the release of the substrate to the catalytic site and in forming the structure required for tight binding of the substrate in the catalytic pocket
p-nitrophenyl group of PNPG5 does not allow efficient binding at low or high pH
bivalent metallic ions are required by metallic ion-dependent enzymes
catalytic tradeoff between kcat and Sc/o is often observed in enzyme catalysis
catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) for Sorghum bicolor (GSTL1, AT5G02780) (Sb ) and Sorghum bicolor (GSTL2, AT3G55040) (Sb ) were 10–100-fold higher than Sorghum bicolor GSTL4 (Sb GSTL4) and truncated Sorghum bicolor GSTL4 (Δ Sb GSTL4) Sorghum bicolor
Solanum lycopersicum DHQD domain which contain variations at positions H214 and R279 showed no measurable DHQD activity Solanum lycopersicum
FvXTH9 CXE activity is 30–40% of (XET, XTH33, AT1G10550) activity Fragaria vesca
six predicted Viola PALs displayed pH optima between pH 6 and 6.5
third histidine motif is essential for binding iron at the active site of the enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
N-terminal domain (Domain N) of GH31AG contains residues essential for substrate binding and active site maintenance and architecture
aminotransferases can catalyze reversible reactions
Recombinant PrGT34A and C had no detectable catalytic activity using tested range of donor and acceptor substrates Pinus radiata
ligand-binding analysis identified key residues involved in substrate specificity Arabidopsis thaliana
plant (LKR, LKR/SDH, SDH, AT4G33150) gene duplicates retained active site residues
plant SDHs utilize NADP+ as a cofactor
Mg2+ (2.5 mM) and K+ (100 mM) supplementation resulted in highest Md CNL activity Malus domestica
Most enzymes operating under near steady state physiological conditions maintain Km values that approximate the available concentration of substrate
enzymatic efficiencies of purified proteins were lower than Arabidopsis thaliana (LKR, LKR/SDH, SDH, AT4G33150) domain Nicotiana tabacum; Solanum lycopersicum; Brassica rapa; Brassica napus; Arabidopsis thaliana
enzymes from Brassica rapa and Brassica napus showed opposite trend with preference for shikimate over quinate Brassica rapa; Brassica napus
presence of both an active DHQD domain and a QDH domain would result in competition for the substrate, dehydroquinate
characteristic active site amino acid sequence of subtype 1 GH31AGs (WIDMNE) is involved in substrate binding
FvXTH9 and FvXTH6 activities in sodium phosphate buffer are lower than in sodium succinate buffer at same pH level Fragaria vesca
recombinant (CDI, AT1G64980) protein was incubated with mutant oligosaccharides prepared by hydrolysis of RG-II from PRcdi-1 Pichia pastoris
consensus sequence motif SX[TG] could be used to predict substrate specificity among plant (LKR, LKR/SDH, SDH, AT4G33150) paralogs
nitrate reductase (NR) contains molybdenum
FvXTH9 and FvXTH6 display activity of 50% of maximal activities at pH 7.0 Fragaria vesca
enzymes with NRT motif from Brassica rapa and Brassica napus used NADP+ Brassica rapa; Brassica napus
CPK proteins exhibit different substrate specificity Arabidopsis thaliana
K49E variant shows comparable losses of methyl viologen-linked activity Spinacia oleracea
Incubating purified protein (20 μg) with UDP-[14C]galactose and cellohexaose or mannohexaose for 1 and 17 h showed small, but statistically significant, quantities of galactose incorporated onto cellohexaose, but not onto mannohexaose Pinus radiata
activation of C72 by R28 is either poorly relevant or resulting from interaction with other residues besides R28 Arabidopsis thaliana
plant SDHs use NADP+ as a cofactor
Co2+ promoted Md CNL catalytic activity Malus domestica
FvXTH6 used efficiently as donor substrate tamarind xyloglucan Fragaria vesca
high degree of sequence similarity between Arabidopsis cystathionine β-lyase (CBL, AT3G57050) and L. leucocephala mimosinase and their conserved active site residues suggest that mimosinase may have similar catalytic mode of action as (CBL, AT3G57050) Arabidopsis thaliana; Leucaena leucocephala
K268E variant exhibits 20-fold increase in KM for ferredoxin Spinacia oleracea
K436E variant exhibits extremely large increase in KM for ferredoxin Spinacia oleracea
glucose-induced closing of two-lobed structure forms more compact shape
second-tier residues influencing active site surface and architecture may alter cineole/terpineol ratio
catalytic triad residues of Physaria fendleri lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-like phospholipase A (PfLCAT-PLA) form polar interactions with one another Physaria fendleri
TaCAD1 showed even higher efficiency for coniferyl aldehyde Triticum aestivum
rice utilizes functionally distinct RbcS isoforms to alter the catalytic properties of Rubisco depending on the tissues and the conditions Oryza sativa
kinetic properties of Rubisco containing OsRbcS1 could be more suitable for catalysis in high CO2 environments than those of Rubisco with other rice RbcSs Oryza sativa
relative positions of Tyr-100 in NDPS1 and Phe-107 in zFPS are responsible for determining activities of NDPS1 and zFPS Solanum habrochaites
E94K variant shows Vmax only 12% of wild-type ferredoxin Anabaena sp. PCC 7120; Spinacia oleracea
catalytic activity of DkBG1 is positively correlated with substrate concentration tomato
OsRbcS1 incorporation into rice Rubisco resulted in substantial effects on catalytic properties of Rubisco Oryza sativa
(AtGLDP1, GLDP1, AT4G33010) may have stronger catalytic activity than (AtGLDP2, GLDP2, AT2G26080) Arabidopsis thaliana
residues Glu129, Glu131, Glu192, Glu199, His249, and Glu330 is a favorable position to mediate divalent cation coordination
Physaria fendleri lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-like phospholipase A (PfLCAT-PLA) H416A mutant led to dramatic decrease in enzyme activity Physaria fendleri
recombinant Arabidopsis FC lyase requires FAD Arabidopsis thaliana
Regio-selectivity of GGT-catalyzed glycosyl transfer is alternatively restricted to hydroxyl group at C2 or C6 position of sugar moiety of various sugar-acceptor molecules
recombinant Arabidopsis FC lyase exhibits high selectivity for farnesylcysteine (FC) Arabidopsis thaliana
TPP-like domain might function in substrate channeling Arabidopsis thaliana
catalytic rate constant (turnover number) is fundamental enzyme characteristic
activity with pentasaccharide XXGol is very low for four other enzymes Arabidopsis thaliana
Nicotiana tabacum DHQD domain which contain variations at positions H214 and R279 showed no measurable DHQD activity Nicotiana tabacum
N-terminal domain (Domain N) of GH31AG interacts with catalytic sites containing Domain A
Cr P II -NAGK complex catalytic constants determined at 5 mM glutamine Cr (NAGK, AT3G57560) reaction kinetics
(CYP83A1, REF2, AT4G13770) exhibits 50-fold reduced affinity towards indole-3-acetaldoxime compared to (ATR4, CYP83B1, RED1, RNT1, SUR2, AT4G31500) Arabidopsis thaliana
domain swapping experiments of terpene synthases from S. officinalis and Citrus limon indicated C-terminal region to influence product specificity Salvia officinalis; Citrus limon
N. tabacum 5-epi-aristolochene synthase had product spectrum altered by site-directed mutagenesis Nicotiana tabacum
conformational difference results in different substrate preferences
two amino acids that differ between N. alata and N. langsdorfii sequences are located in close vicinity to active pocket Nicotiana alata; Nicotiana langsdorfii
weaker concordance between plant-specific in vitro and in vivo enzyme catalytic rates is supported by low degree of enzyme saturation Arabidopsis thaliana
residues C74 and W162 of (AL6, AT2G02470) are essential for GPX activity
ARA1-1 enzyme activity regains when using very high L-arabinose concentrations in assay Arabidopsis thaliana
TBG5 exhibits no activity towards β-(1,4)-galactan
HXKs undergo transient glucose-induced closing of two-lobed structure
two amino acids that differ between N. alata and N. langsdorfii sequences are not located inside active pocket Nicotiana alata; Nicotiana langsdorfii
substrate specificities of F3′Hs and of flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylases are assumed to be determined near N-terminal ends
G404A mutant differentially affects Km (RuBP)
composition of xyloglucan side-chains leading to different donor and acceptor substrates, was indeed found to affect (XET, XTH33, AT1G10550) action differentially among isoforms Arabidopsis thaliana
naringenin 7-O-methyltransferase (NOMT) enzymatic activity is higher in Oryza sativa cultivar Nipponbare Oryza sativa
cinnamoyl-CoA binding to cocaine synthase may facilitate conformational change in the enzyme Erythroxylum coca
GDP-L-galactose was used as donor in enzymatic activity assay
L62 substitution by tryptophan resulted in reduction of substrate affinities for the active site Arabidopsis thaliana
Ser20/Ser21 in ZbGT1 is critical for substrate binding and enzymatic activity Zanthoxylum bungeanum
AtPAT mutants co-crystallized with pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate and glutamate define molecular mechanisms of amino acid substrate recognition Arabidopsis thaliana
Kc in transgenic rice expressing sorghum RbcS was 1.25- to 1.39-fold higher than in nontransgenic rice Oryza sativa
aminotransferases depend on pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) as a required cofactor
Cr P II did not change catalytic activity of Cr (NAGK, AT3G57560)
disaccharide MeGlcA-Gal was detected in reaction products when GDP-L-galactose was used as donor
CYPs metabolizing highly hydrophobic substrates have tendency to show higher substrate range
C-terminal region of GDSL lipase harbors Asp (d-321) Solanum lycopersicum
βA-βB loop has been suggested to be important for Rubisco catalytic function
incorporation of OsRbcS1 into Rubisco significantly altered catalytic properties of the enzyme Oryza sativa
R375E/K436E/R556E triple mutant has methyl viologen-linked activity significantly higher than R375E single mutant Spinacia oleracea
nitrite reductase variants show lower Vmax values with reduced ferredoxin as electron donor Spinacia oleracea
K436E variant shows greater decrease in ferredoxin-dependent activity than methyl viologen-dependent activity Spinacia oleracea
Asp-121 residue is necessary for catalytic activity of Medicago truncatula UGT71G1 Medicago truncatula
E95K variant shows Vmax only 18% of wild-type ferredoxin Anabaena sp. PCC 7120; Spinacia oleracea
ARABINOKINASE 1 (ARA1, ATISA1, ISA1, AT4G16130) mutant variant -1 has residual measured activity below 1% Arabidopsis thaliana
glycosylations do not mediate substrate specificity
metal co-factor is critical to enzymatic activity Solanum lycopersicum
metal-independence of OsGLYI-8 is one of the hitherto unknown aspects of plant GLYI Oryza sativa
PIG-L has been found not to exhibit strict requirement for metal ions for catalysis Entamoeba histolytica
plant CYP substrate promiscuity can translate into multifunctional enzymes using completely different catalytic mechanisms
(ASPGB1, AT3G16150) catalytic activity is enhanced approximately tenfold in the presence of K(+) Arabidopsis thaliana
Arsenic (As) toxicity results in reduced enzymatic activities in Mentha arvensis L. Mentha arvensis L.
(AtMAGL3, CSE, LysoPL2, AT1G52760) AtMAGL5 and AtMAGL11 proteins, as well as MBP exhibited no acyl hydrolase activities with any of the substrates tested Arabidopsis thaliana
composite analysis of MLGO hydrolysis shows no indication of kinetically relevant +3 subsite
high concentrations (>10 mM) of UDP-glucose did not inhibit arabinose mutase activity
Characteristic sugar-acceptor preference of GGTs is partly supported from spatio-chemical constraint between substrate and accessible binding pocket in UGT molecule
introduction of glycine at position 381 of Arabidopsis thaliana (LKR, LKR/SDH, SDH, AT4G33150) domain confers dual substrate specificity Arabidopsis thaliana
FvXTH6 showed no activity for MLG Fragaria vesca
in vitro study of recombinant (IM, IM1, PTOX, AT4G22260) enzyme activity showed high activity of (IM, IM1, PTOX, AT4G22260)
AtMAGL8 exhibited strong MAG hydrolase activities Arabidopsis thaliana
V548 plays an important role in substrate specificity
third negative subsite contributes approximately –6 kJ mol −1 (ΔΔ G ‡ ) to catalysis
secretory phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2) enzymes lack highly conserved lipase motif
molybdenum cofactor (Moco) required by catalytic center of NR and (ATXDH1, XDH1, AT4G34890) plant molybdoenzymes
R375E variant shows little effect on KM for ferredoxin Spinacia oleracea
F65W replacement resulted in 6.7-fold decrease in KM Anabaena sp. PCC 7120; Spinacia oleracea
substitution of His416 with Ala in Physaria fendleri lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-like phospholipase A (PfLCAT-PLA) drastically affected enzyme activity Physaria fendleri
absence of XEH activity in (AtXTH12, XTH12, AT5G57530) (AtXTH13, XTH13, AT5G57540) (ATXTH17, XTH17, AT1G65310) (ATXTH18, XTH18, AT4G30280) and (ATXTH19, XTH19, AT4G30290) is correlated with absence of loop 2 Arabidopsis thaliana
all enzymes showed a much greater tolerance towards differences in side-chains of acceptor substrate oligosaccharides Arabidopsis thaliana
heterocomplex sample at 2 mM DTT activity doubled compared with other samples
(ACS2, AT-ACC2, AT1G01480) and (ACCS7, ACS7, ATACS7, AT4G26200) homodimers are catalytically active Arabidopsis thaliana
different forms of Rubisco have made structural adaptations to allow catalysis
tools from the field of chemical biology have facilitated probing of plant PKS iterative catalysis
constraints on coenzyme availability are dependent on coenzyme requirement of the enzymes used
all enzymes show a clear preference for XXLGol Arabidopsis thaliana
size and conformation of hydrophobic binding tunnel is highly relevant for CoA ligase activity Populus tomentosa; Nicotiana tabacum
restoration of hydrogen bond network (HBN) around Arg244 in D281Y mutant could be explained by shift in donor substrate selectivity Triticum aestivum
putative monomeric proteins encoded by the mutant genes could retain some enzymatic activity Zea mays
lipase motif contains catalytic Ser of the active site
H73 and T33 are two main contributors to pKa shift Arabidopsis thaliana
loss of Asp391 in Physaria fendleri lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-like phospholipase A (PfLCAT-PLA) may reduce ability of histidine to interact with serine hydroxy hydrogen Physaria fendleri
respiration rates measured in relation to enzymatic activities
His416 forms polar interaction with Asp391 Physaria fendleri
metallo-lactamase or serine-based lactamase differ in requirement of zinc ion for enzymatic activity
catalytic Ser of the active site is part of catalytic triad/ (DYAD, SWI1, AT5G51330)
angle of V. radiata's CI remains to be examined whether changes under turnover conditions Vigna radiata
PPi (pyrophosphate) has relatively little effect on Arabidopsis (PPDK, AT4G15530) activity in vitro Arabidopsis thaliana
Physaria fendleri lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-like phospholipase A (PfLCAT-PLA) S182A mutant led to dramatic decrease in enzyme activity Physaria fendleri
Rubisco exhibits negative relationship between S C/O and k cat CO 2
chitinase confers catalytic function
other apoplastic proteins than class III peroxidases might also have peroxidative activity Vigna unguiculata
apoplastic pH could be an important regulatory factor for relative performance of either the peroxidative or the peroxidative–oxidative reaction cycle of the enzyme Vigna unguiculata
(CaS, AT5G23060) activity was detected from dimer composed of wild-type OsCAS monomer and OsCAS monomer mutated at PLP-binding lysine residue Oryza sativa
H-bond between Asp349 and Arg352 in Lp1-SST suggests that Lys242/Arg352 can hold Asp239/Asp349 in optimal position for binding (GLC, AT1G65450) part of Suc Lolium perenne
Phe at position homologous to Asp281 in dicot 1-FFTs cannot make H-bond with acid-base catalyst
small modifications of only a few amino acids of (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) could significantly alter binding pocket volume
Ser residue at position 774 in F. trinervia C4-form PEPC is involved in affinity for (PAS2, PEP, PEPINO, AT5G10480) Flaveria trinervia
At (GABA-T, HER1, POP2, AT3G22200) has affinity for alanine in reverse reaction that is an order of magnitude lower than affinity for GABA in forward reaction Arabidopsis thaliana
absolute values for specific activities between enzymes varied between enzymes Arabidopsis thaliana
naringenin 7-O-methyltransferase (NOMT) enzymatic activity is lower in Oryza sativa cultivar Kasalath Oryza sativa
Physaria fendleri lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-like phospholipase A (PfLCAT-PLA) structure contains catalytic triad residues Ser182, Asp391 and His416 Physaria fendleri
potassium participates in activation of enzymes
absence of high auxin phenotype in (CYP83A1, REF2, AT4G13770) mutants underpins indole-3-acetaldoxime is not a physiological substrate for (CYP83A1, REF2, AT4G13770) Arabidopsis thaliana
dithiothreitol (DTT) is required for full enzyme activity in vitro