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endosperm development

9546 relationships annotated with this phrase. Showing first 500 of 9546.
Source entity Relationship Target entity Species
DEK58 is essential for endosperm development Zea mays
increased protein body size in line 107 is likely due to need to package substantial 19-kD α-zein in smaller number of protein bodies Zea mays
Gt1 promoter functions during the early stages of endosperm development but subsequently shows an increasing trend
type I MADS-box genes are regulated by MET1-dependent small interfering RNAs (p4-siRNAs) Arabidopsis thaliana
TtPARC6 expression is highest during early endosperm development Triticum turgidum
WT endosperm was nearly completely filled Zea mays
(ASG6, CRK2, AT1G70520) likely affects endosperm cell division and growth Zea mays
timing of endosperm initiation is critical for grain size
expression patterns of TtPDV1-1-A1 and TtPDV1-1-B1 differed from each other and from TtPARC6 expression patterns Triticum turgidum
cell number of the whole endosperm were significantly reduced in crk2 relative to WT Zea mays
(ASG6, CRK2, AT1G70520) endosperm cells were irregular Zea mays
promoter reporters of the MEGs (AGL36, AT5G26650) (AGL90, AT5G27960) and (AGL96, AT5G06500) displayed exclusively maternal up-regulation in (FIE2, FIS2, AT2G35670) and (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) mutants at 5 DAP Arabidopsis thaliana
transition to cellularization phase initiates cytokinesis
Endosperm Balance Number model could apply similar mechanism to imprinted PcG gene regulation of endosperm development
basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) cells were undetectable in crk2 at 15 DAP, whereas present in WT more than two layers of BETL cells Zea mays
seeds derived from (TGS1, AT1G45231) FGs showed reduced proliferation in the endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana
expression of TtPDV1-2-A1 and TtPDV1-2-B1 mimics patterns of TtPARC6 expression Triticum turgidum
mutant plants (swn-3 /−; mea-3 /+) produced persistent coenocytic, noncellularized-type endosperm in seeds 4 and 5 DAP Arabidopsis thaliana
C2.1 genes (eight of 11) generally displayed higher activity in micropylar and peripheral regions of the coenocytic endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) promoter reporter lines detected similar up-regulation pattern Arabidopsis thaliana
moderate mis-expression of the target genes would result in moderate endosperm abnormality or phenotype Arabidopsis thaliana
B-type granules are initiated later during endosperm development Triticum aestivum
TtARC6 expression in the endosperm is about tenfold higher than TtPARC6 expression Triticum turgidum
TtPDV1-1-A1 and TtPDV2-A1 expression patterns had similar patterns to TtARC6 Triticum turgidum
expression levels of BETL-specific marker genes were significantly reduced in crk2 mutant relative to WT Zea mays
interploidy and interspecific crosses show imbalanced parental genome dosages Arabidopsis thaliana
C1 genes showed lower mRNA levels during coenocytic endosperm development (1–3 DAP) Arabidopsis thaliana
C2 genes were up-regulated in mea-3;swn-3 mutant corresponding to the period of endosperm cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
(FIE2, FIS2, AT2G35670) mutant produces phenotype similar to cellularization timing defects in species hybrids Arabidopsis thaliana
increased 27-kD γ-zein in QPM is consistent with suggested role in protein body formation in QPM Zea mays
coenocytic program is repressed at onset of cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT SEED (FIS)-Polycomb Repressive Complex2 (PRC2) is composed primarily of (FIE2, FIS2, AT2G35670) MEDEA (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM (FIE, FIE1, FIS3, AT3G20740) and Arabidopsis homolog of MULTICOPY SUPPRESSOR OF IRA1 (ATMSI1, MEE70, MSI1, AT5G58230) Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL36, AT5G26650) and (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) promoter reporter genes showed maternally restricted activity at 2 DAP Arabidopsis thaliana
K0326Y Quality Protein Maize (QPM) deletion mutant abolished vitreous endosperm formation Zea mays
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) is endosperm-expressed gene with locus-specific imprinting Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL62, AT5G60440) suppresses cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
AGAMOUS-LIKE62 (AGL62, AT5G60440) promotes coenocytic development Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL90, AT5G27960) mutant alleviates endosperm-mediated postzygotic barriers between Arabidopsis and Arabidopsis arenosa Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis arenosa
K0326Y Quality Protein Maize (QPM) deletion mutant has protein body size similar to wild type Zea mays
coenocytic endosperm differentiates into micropylar domain Arabidopsis thaliana
C2.1 genes (seven of 11) were rapidly down-regulated in all three endosperm compartments Arabidopsis thaliana
16-kD γ-zein is not sufficient for supporting normal level of protein body initiation Zea mays
irregular undulating protein body shape may be due to improper packaging of hydrophobic 19-kD α-zein Zea mays
(AGL23, AT1G65360) showed more delayed down-regulation pattern Arabidopsis thaliana
all five C2.2 genes displayed reduced activity in the micropylar and peripheral endosperm but maintained high activity in chalazal endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana
Ploidy barrier to endosperm hypothesis was proposed to explain endosperm incompatibility in maize Zea mays
timing of transition outside permissible range causes seed abortion
γ-zein deletion affects protein body initiation, morphology, and zein distribution Zea mays
global DNA hypomethylation causes abbreviated coenocytic phase Arabidopsis thaliana
all five C2.2 genes typically displayed higher GFP activity in both the micropylar and chalazal regions or were expressed predominantly in the chalazal region Arabidopsis thaliana
paternal silencing of C2 MEGs can be maintained exclusively through 5′-flanking region of the gene by a FIS-PRC2-independent mechanism Arabidopsis thaliana
type I MADS-box gene family is partly required for regulating coenocytic development Arabidopsis thaliana
full-length gene fusions for (AGL36, AT5G26650) and (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) displayed expected patterns of expression Arabidopsis thaliana
expression from single allele of 27- and 50-kD γ-zein genes is haploinsufficient for full o2 endosperm modification Zea mays
hypomethylation of paternal genome causes abbreviated coenocytic phase Arabidopsis thaliana
FIS-PRC2 complex may dissociate from C2 loci during coenocytic endosperm phase
T-DNA insertion lines in rice homologs of three PcG genes show no autonomous endosperm development Oryza sativa
AGL62–GFP signals do not disappear prior to cellularization in PcG mutants Arabidopsis thaliana
up-regulated pattern of C2 genes corresponded to autonomous (3 DAE) and noncellularized endosperm (4–5 DAP) phenotypes Arabidopsis thaliana
both the paternal and maternal alleles of most of the biallelically expressed C2 genes were up-regulated at 5 DAP in mutants when tested as promoter reporters Arabidopsis thaliana
line 107 protein bodies have irregular, undulating surfaces protein body morphology Zea mays
complete absence of 27-kD γ-zein results in even more severe suppression of protein body initiation Zea mays
pheres1 ( (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) also known as ) mutant alleviates endosperm-mediated postzygotic barriers between Arabidopsis and Arabidopsis arenosa Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis arenosa
regulation of cellularization has functional link with genomic imprinting
PHERES1 (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) is suggested to regulate endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
C2.1 and C2.2 genes are programmed for differential expression in distinct domains of coenocytic endosperm prior to cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) is endosperm-expressed gene with locus-specific imprinting Arabidopsis thaliana
endosperm development must be regulated by imprinted Polycomb group (PcG) genes through type-I MADS-box proteins Arabidopsis thaliana
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) (EZA1, SDG10, SWN, AT4G02020) double mutant produces persistent coenocytic endosperm
Endosperm Balance Number hypothesis was proposed to explain endosperm incompatibility in potatoes Solanum tuberosum
timing of transition outside permissible range causes endosperm abortion
FIS-PRC2 complex maintain locus-specific, paternal or maternal imprinting of some endosperm-expressed genes Arabidopsis thaliana
AGAMOUS-LIKE62 (AGL62, AT5G60440) regulates coenocytic endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
PHERES1 (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) antisense transgenic plants show no obvious phenotype in endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
type I MADS-box genes are up-regulated in crosses with excess paternal genome Arabidopsis thaliana
mRNA of the GluA-2 gene peaked at approximately 10 DAF
mutant plants (swn-3 /−; mea-3 /+) produced autonomous endosperm at 3 DAE Arabidopsis thaliana
C2.1 and C2.2 genes exhibited differential mRNA accumulation in the endosperm compartments Arabidopsis thaliana
osfie1 mutant did not show autonomous endosperm Oryza sativa
RNAi suppression of 27-kD γ-zein synthesis resulted in suppression of protein body initiation Zea mays
type I MADS-box genes are regulated by FIS-PRC2-mediated histone modification Arabidopsis thaliana
FIS-PRC2 required to repress expression of C2 genes before endosperm initiation
endosperm nuclei after fertilization undergo many rounds of mitosis without cytokinesis
(AGL62, AT5G60440) is involved in regulation of endosperm cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
coenocytic program is repressed prior to fertilization Arabidopsis thaliana
species II as tetraploid plant in crossing combination of species I and species II results in dosage of paternally derived genome being twice in the endosperm
species I as tetraploid in crossing combination with species II results in dosage of maternally supplied chromosomes being doubled
dek58 mutant kernel at 9 DAP develops small endosperm Zea mays
coenocytic endosperm differentiates into chalazal domain Arabidopsis thaliana
(EZA1, SDG10, SWN, AT4G02020) and (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) FIS-PRC2 complexes perform partially redundant roles in regulating initiation of endosperm development upon fertilization Arabidopsis thaliana
protein body number in line 107 is dramatically reduced compared with wild type and QPM Zea mays
type I MADS-box single-gene mutants have no discernible phenotype in the endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana
imprinted components in complex renders complex sensitive to imbalanced parental genome dosage
imprinted Polycomb group genes (PcG) affects timing of cellularization during endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
12 DAP stage in maize endosperm is associated with cell division Zea mays
different combinations of epigenetic marks determine activity status of maternal alleles in developing endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana
number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) gradually decreased endosperm development progression Triticum urartu
mn1 mutant showed reduced cell number during endosperm development Zea mays
expression profile of three TaNAC77 homoeologs started after 5 (DPA, AT5G02470) Triticum aestivum
maize endosperm was sampled during multiple developmental stages Zea mays
Zma-miR159k-3p is highly and endogenously expressed in developing maize endosperm Zea mays
T-DNA insertion mutants of OsFIE1 shows no autonomous endosperm development Oryza sativa
finding was consistent with methylation cluster analysis, which showed that the end of storage compound accumulation in the endosperm clustered close to the 3–5 DAP time point Zea mays
endosperm-expressed genes likely undergo strong transcriptional regulation during 7 to 10 DAP period Zea mays
miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation occurs during maize endosperm development Zea mays
dark-brown substance in HFL1 caryopsis was observed mainly in later stage of endosperm development (more than 25 DAF) Oryza sativa
endosperm sensitivity to parental genome dosage suggests some regulators of endosperm development are subjected to imprinting Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL62, AT5G60440) mutant alleviates endosperm-mediated postzygotic barriers between Arabidopsis and Arabidopsis arenosa Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis arenosa
type I MADS-box genes are expressed in coenocytic endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana
genetic networks regulate endosperm initiation Oryza sativa
genetic and epigenetic variations in maternal or paternal contributions result in reciprocal effects in endosperm development
mitosis coupled with cell division is one of three cell cycle types during endosperm development Oryza sativa L.
syncytium endosperm of nuf2-1/+ and nuf2-3/+ mutant ovules failed to undergo normal cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
number of expressed genes and percentage of genes with medium, high and very high expression levels at 25 (DPA, AT5G02470) were higher than number of expressed genes and percentage of genes with medium, high and very high expression levels at 20 (DPA, AT5G02470) Triticum urartu
parental conflict mediates epigenetic molecular machinery in endosperm
endosperm of (CYL1, NAGLU, AT5G13690) seeds was composed of 12–20 syncytial nuclei
syncytium endosperm of nuf2-1/+ and nuf2-3/+ mutant ovules was composed of free nuclei of different sizes Arabidopsis thaliana
paternal excess endosperm (2m:2p) leads to nuclei over-proliferation
AroDH-2 is playing little or no functional role in the endosperm Zea mays
early phase of endosperm development is 3–5 DAP Zea mays
distinct cluster of 20–25 DAP was consistent with period of endosperm maturation and cell death Zea mays
syncytium formation is followed by cellularization Zea mays
transcriptome changes may activate starch accumulation Zea mays
maternal alleles marked by triple repressive marks H3K27me3/H3K9me2/CHGm tend to remain silenced during endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
genetic networks regulate interactions between embryo and endosperm Oryza sativa
seven gene clusters (C1–C7) have different expression trends during endosperm development Triticum urartu
starch accumulation begins around 6–9 DAP Zea mays
cellularization precedes starch grain accumulation in maize endosperm Zea mays
epigenetic regulators have key function in parental control of endosperm development
Molecular machinery and regulatory architecture governing endosperm development is proposed to have evolved under parental conflict
srn phenotype might be caused by onset of autonomous development of the central cell
Orysa; (ICK6, KRP3, AT5G48820) mRNA was barely detectable in the primary cellularized cells at 3 DAF Oryza sativa
developmental stages of 7–15 DAP are periods during which the major cell types are formed and storage materials are rapidly accumulated Zea mays
Orysa; (ICK6, KRP3, AT5G48820) expression is down-regulated after cellularization Oryza sativa L.
syl is not associated to maternal effect
3.5 DAE allows observation of autonomous endosperm development
mitosis without cytokinesis results in syncytium formation Oryza sativa L.
overexpression or knockdown of Orysa; (ICK6, KRP3, AT5G48820) can be used to engineer rice plants with enhanced or reduced levels of Orysa; (ICK6, KRP3, AT5G48820) expression Oryza sativa
delayed fertilization of emasculated wild-type ovules resulted in increased frequency of srn phenotype
early shrinkage of endosperm tissue initiates at late heart stage Arabidopsis thaliana
(NF-YC12, AT5G38140) directly binds to the promoter of FLOURY ENDOSPERM6 Oryza sativa
positive signal from fertilization of egg cell might promote onset of endosperm cell development Arabidopsis thaliana
rice seeds at 2 DAF contain numerous syncytial nuclei in the periphery of the central cell Oryza sativa
Orysa; (ICK6, KRP3, AT5G48820) determines final seed size Oryza sativa
controlling cell cycle in syncytial endosperm by manipulation of Orysa; (ICK6, KRP3, AT5G48820) could offer the potential to improve seed size Oryza sativa
diameter of TIP3-GFP-labelled PSVs fell to ~4.92 μm at 12 DAP Hordeum vulgare
partial enclosure of protein bodies by TIP3-GFP-labelled membranes suggested membrane integrity in starchy endosperm may be affected during maturation Hordeum vulgare
genetic and epigenetic controls play crucial roles in rice endosperm development Oryza sativa
syl mutant exhibits srn phenotype
syncitial ring of nuclei surrounds central vacuole
vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles takes place later in non-micropylar endosperm and embryo Arabidopsis thaliana
cell wall composition in Brachypodium central endosperm and nucellar epidermis is more closely related to cell wall composition in barley and oats Brachypodium distachyon; Hordeum vulgare; Avena sativa
endosperm development in cereals is distinctive process
vacuolar compartments in subaleurone became smaller by 10 DAP Hordeum vulgare
autonomous endosperm development in absence of fertilization is associated with FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT SEED (FIS) mutant class Arabidopsis thaliana
syl mutant ovules exhibit autonomous development
syncytial endosperm contains 16 small nuclei
rice seeds at 3 DAF show two layers of walled cells at the periphery of the endosperm Oryza sativa
Arath; (ACK2, ICK7, KRP4, AT2G32710) showed endosperm-preferred expression Arabidopsis thaliana
timing of cellularization correlates with extent of nuclear proliferation Oryza sativa L.
mitosis coupled with cell division and endoreduplication have been characterized during later stages of endosperm development Oryza sativa L.
genomic imprinting plays key role in endosperm development
absence of srn-dependent signaling would cause initiation of central cell development
a series of divisions without cytokinesis produces multinucleate cell known as a syncytium Oryza sativa
expression of Arath; (ACK2, ICK7, KRP4, AT2G32710) is not limited in endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana
(FIE2, FIS2, AT2G35670) transcripts were affected by (ATCSP4, ATGRP2B, GRP2B, AT2G21060) overexpression Arabidopsis thaliana
endosperm development progresses via division of central cell-derived triploid nucleus
disruption of asters impairs endosperm proliferation
functionally distinct subdomains include central starchy endosperm
multinucleate endosperm stage is associated with endosperm proliferation and cell differentiation Triticum aestivum
genetic networks regulate aleurone layer specification Oryza sativa
differential screening, mutant screening, microdissection, and microarray experiments identified genes preferentially expressed in syncytial endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana; Hordeum vulgare
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) mRNA is highly accumulated during early stage of embryogenesis in 35S:NTAP:AtCSP4-3 plants Arabidopsis thaliana
(CYL1, NAGLU, AT5G13690) mutant endosperm contains up to 20 nuclei
26 285 genes were expressed in at least one of the five time points of endosperm development Triticum urartu
paternal excess endosperm (2m:2p) leads to failure to cellularize
diameter of TIP3-GFP-labelled PSVs rose to a maximum of 77.2 μm at 8 DAP Hordeum vulgare
size of TIP3-GFP-labelled vacuolar compartments was reduced by ~33% between 8 and 10 DAP Hordeum vulgare
protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) fate is little known in developing cereal endosperm
imprinted genes strongly associated with (ATNACK2, NACK2, TES, AT3G43210) have broad expression across endosperm development and domains
mode of development was reminiscent of autonomous endosperm development observed in fis -class mutants
proliferating tissue from the emasculated ovule expressed endosperm marker (FIE2, FIS2, AT2G35670)
delayed pollination for 1.5 DAE coupled with autonomous development
regions that lack aleurone in (ACR4, CR4, AT3G59420) mutant have peripheral part consisting of starchy endosperm cells Zea mays
des5 mutant phenotype exhibits morphologically defective starchy endosperm cells Hordeum vulgare
aleurone in Brachypodium is not regionally differentiated as in aleurone in wheat Brachypodium distachyon; Triticum aestivum
experimental set-up including isolated embryo sacs on a medium favourable for in vitro pollen tube germination allowed recording of the first series of syncytial nuclei division in the endosperm Torenia fournieri
TIP3-GFP-labelled PSVs remained morphologically stable in aleurone Hordeum vulgare
protein bodies in the maturing starchy endosperm no longer fully surrounded by TIP3-GFP-labelled membranes Hordeum vulgare
(AGL62, AT5G60440) mutant seeds exhibit early syncytial endosperm overproliferation Arabidopsis thaliana
anticlinal divisions in the periphery accommodate enlargement of the developing grain
bareback and naked mutants have opaque and often white endosperm with floury texture Zea mays
Mutator-tagged opaque 140 (mto140) is opaque endosperm mutant Zea mays
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) transcripts were affected by (ATCSP4, ATGRP2B, GRP2B, AT2G21060) overexpression Arabidopsis thaliana
loss-of-function mutant of the FIS gene perturbs endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
BR-dependent promotion of seed growth impacts early development of the coenocytic endosperm
imprinted genes with little or no TE association have restricted expression in specific stages or regions of the endosperm
seeds with viable paternal excess (containing 2m:2p endosperms) are larger than seeds from balanced crosses (2m:1p) Arabidopsis thaliana
differences in Brachypodium endosperm development may reflect phylogenetic position between Triticeae and rice Brachypodium distachyon
cereal endosperm aleurone layers rely on positional information
fate of TIP3-GFP-labelled PSVs was dependent on cell layer Hordeum vulgare
rupture of small vacuoles caused release of TIP3-GFP-labelled vesicles and membranes Hordeum vulgare
internal membranes in barley endosperm protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) revealed by labelling of membrane components Hordeum vulgare
(ATDPB2, CYL2, DPB2, AT5G22110) mutant endosperm contains 1–4 nuclei
TIP3-GFP signal progressively weaker in subaleurone and starchy endosperm Hordeum vulgare
endosperm development is initiated by series of synchronous cell cycles in absence of cytokinesis Arabidopsis thaliana
H3.3-mRFP1 signal persists until third series of mitoses Arabidopsis thaliana
des5 mutant seeds have loose and shrunken endosperm Hordeum vulgare
mto140 mature kernel manifests marked reduction in the thickness of the vitreous endosperm layer Zea mays
endosperm of (CYL1, NAGLU, AT5G13690) seeds is comparable to wild-type endosperm at the one cell stage
pollination at 3.5 DAE resulted in decreased srn phenotype percentage
endosperm development includes phase of cellularization Oryza sativa L.
ABA inhibits vacuolation Arabidopsis thaliana
duration of the syncytial phase correlates with extent of nuclear proliferation Oryza sativa L.
early stages of maize endosperm development (9–12 days after pollination) no protein complexes were detected in either genotype Zea mays
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) and (FIE2, FIS2, AT2G35670) expression was affected during early seed development stages Arabidopsis thaliana
one A-type granule is initiated early during endosperm development Triticum aestivum
altered A-type granule morphology manifests early during grain development Triticum turgidum
endosperm development in (ASG6, CRK2, AT1G70520) was delayed Zea mays
average size of endosperm cells in (ASG6, CRK2, AT1G70520) was approximately 40% of that in WT Zea mays
mto140 is similar to opaque5 (o5) and opaque9 (o9) mutants Zea mays
differences in cell morphology and protein storage vacuole (PSV) properties likely reflecting centripetal increase of cell age Hordeum vulgare
protein complexes once formed, are present in the amyloplast until relatively late in development (up to 35 days after pollination) Zea mays
4n self-pollinated seeds show characteristic nuclear/cytoplasmic domains of syncytial-stage endosperm until 2 DAP Oryza sativa
syncytial endosperm development has been suggested to have evolved independently in monocots and eudicots
global DNA hypomethylation in the endosperm is established by active demethylation by demeter (DME) active demethylation by demeter (DME, EMB1649, AT5G04560) Arabidopsis thaliana
(DDM2, DMT01, DMT1, MET1, MET2, METI, AT5G49160) interacts directly with (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) Arabidopsis thaliana
histone methylation introduced by the FIS-PRC2 is sufficient to repress genes important for the initiation of endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
small protein bodies fused into larger aggregates Hordeum vulgare
protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the subaleurone undergo fusion followed by formation of larger protein bodies Hordeum vulgare
reciprocal cross between female diploid Arabidopsis thaliana (2n) and male tetraploid Arabidopsis thaliana (4n) with paternal genome excess shows delayed cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
OsMADS87 gene is over-expressed in 2n × 4n cross at 5 DAP Oryza sativa
cessation of rapid nuclear proliferation in 2n × 4n cross between 1.5 and 2.0 DAP is probably because of endosperm abnormality Oryza sativa
underlying molecular mechanisms may not be conserved between Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa
TIP3-GFP-positive membrane structures movement was followed in time-course experiment Hordeum vulgare
cereal endosperm cells have been characterized by histochemical fluorescence and electron microscopy studies
TIP3-GFP-labelled protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the central starchy endosperm reduced in size considerably by 10 days after pollination (10 DAP) Hordeum vulgare
cellularized structure at the anterior pole should be diploid (n = 10) Arabidopsis thaliana
ten centromeres of maternal chromosomes remained unmarked by paternal HTR12-GFP during first three syncytial divisions Arabidopsis thaliana
TIP3-GFP-labelled PSVs became smaller and less regular in shape by 12 DAP Hordeum vulgare
TIP3-labelled protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of the subaleurone at 10 days after pollination (10 DAP) characterized by dynamic reshaping events Hordeum vulgare
starch granules become more prominent during maturation Hordeum vulgare
central starchy endosperm of barley beyond 12 DAP contained small TIP3-GFP-labelled PSVs Hordeum vulgare
radial microtubule systems (RMSs) organize nuclear cytoplasmic domains (NCDs)
small cellular structure was eventually considered as cellularized derivative of endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana
TIP3-GFP signal was already localized to vacuolar membranes in earlier undifferentiated endosperm Hordeum vulgare
two small vacuoles surrounding protein bodies fused to form larger TIP3-GFP-labelled PSV Hordeum vulgare
observations of fusion and collapse processes were likely to contribute to morphological changes of TIP3-GFP-labelled PSVs during endosperm development Hordeum vulgare
collapsing subaleurone protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) at the same developmental stage considered together with protein bodies in central starchy endosperm lacking complete membranes Hordeum vulgare
six of these seven AGLs are downregulated at the transition from syncytial to cellular endosperm growth Arabidopsis thaliana
endosperm nuclei increase until bent-cotyledon stage Arabidopsis thaliana
ER-derived membranes may be associated with individual and clustered protein bodies within subaleurone protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) Hordeum vulgare
dynamic reshaping events in subaleurone protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) not so profound in other layers Hordeum vulgare
absence of pronounced ER network indicated alterations of ER membrane system Hordeum vulgare
starch granules in the starchy endosperm become more prominent in starchy endosperm Hordeum vulgare
endosperm in interploidy crosses shows smaller maximum cross-sectional area at early stage of seed development Oryza sativa
nuclear proliferation in the syncytium stage is one of two separable components of the post-zygotic hybridization barrier Oryza sativa
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) is involved in the repression of central cell proliferation and endosperm development in the absence of fertilization central cell proliferation and endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
at least partially functional repressive FIS-PRC2 is formed in the absence of (DDM2, DMT01, DMT1, MET1, MET2, METI, AT5G49160) Arabidopsis thaliana
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) (EZA1, SDG10, SWN, AT4G02020) double mutants show incomplete penetrance of fis phenotype Arabidopsis thaliana
knockout of AtRFC4 results in division of syncytial endosperm free nuclei Arabidopsis thaliana
unusually prominent cell walls in Brachypodium central endosperm and nucellar epidermis may act as storage material Brachypodium distachyon
syncitial ring of nuclei divide and cellularize in concerted sequence of anticlinal and periclinal cell divisions
diameter of TIP3-GFP-labelled PSVs fell to ~7.97 μm at 10 DAP Hordeum vulgare
protein bodies in the starchy endosperm during later development appeared only partially enclosed by TIP3-GFP-labelled membranes Hordeum vulgare
fertilized wt endosperm is triploid (3N = 15) Arabidopsis thaliana
TIP3-GFP-labelled protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the subaleurone and central starchy endosperm reduced in size during development Hordeum vulgare
C2 genes represent endosperm-specific subclade of type I MADS-box genes Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL96, AT5G06500) promoter reporter genes showed maternally restricted activity at 2 DAP Arabidopsis thaliana
PSVs from nearby aleurone layers remained unaffected in all cases Hordeum vulgare
chalazal compartment cellularizes late as compared with other endosperm compartments Arabidopsis thaliana
ABNORMAL LEAF-SHAPE1 (ALE, ALE1, AT1G62340) regulates degeneration of micropylar endosperm
syncytium undergoes cellularization and maturation Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL62, AT5G60440) suppression of cellularization results in prolonged expression of the target genes of the PcG complex potentially delaying endosperm cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
barley endosperm is fully cellularized by 8 days after pollination Hordeum vulgare
27-kD γ-zein has suggested role in endosperm modification in QPM Zea mays
swn-3 /−; mea-3 /+ double-mutant plants produce enhanced autonomous endosperm phenotype Arabidopsis thaliana
maternal and paternal alleles of the PEG (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) full-length gene fusion were up-regulated at 5 DAP in (FIE2, FIS2, AT2G35670) and (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) mutant seeds Arabidopsis thaliana
FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT SEED2 (FIE2, FIS2, AT2G35670) is component of PRC2 Polycomb protein complex Arabidopsis thaliana
starch granule size increased to ~11.45 μm at 10 DAP Hordeum vulgare
TIP3-GFP-labelled PSVs in central starchy endosperm also reduced in size during development Hordeum vulgare
paternal MEDEA (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) -GUS expression in endosperm increased progressively during successive rounds of nuclei divisions Arabidopsis thaliana
C2 genes were mostly down-regulated as endosperm became cellularized Arabidopsis thaliana
MULTICOPY SUPPRESSOR OF IRA1 (ATMSI1, MEE70, MSI1, AT5G58230) is component of PRC2 Polycomb protein complex Arabidopsis thaliana
HvCSLC1 and HvCSLC2 transcript levels become undetectable by 6 days after pollination Hordeum vulgare
rrp4-1 mutant endosperm developed to varying degrees but never past cellularization stage Arabidopsis thaliana
nucellus degeneration in interspecific cross 2x O. sativa × 2x O. longistaminata occurred precociously by 2 DAP Oryza sativa; Oryza longistaminata
endosperm of O. sativa × O. longistaminata cross showed normal developmental transitions including timing of cellularization Oryza sativa; Oryza longistaminata
hypomethylation of maternal genome causes prolonged coenocytic phase Arabidopsis thaliana
FIS-PRC2 complex regulates type I MADS-box genes Arabidopsis thaliana
FIS-PRC2 expressed in coenocytic endosperm
imprinting suggested as underlying cause of abnormal endosperm development in crosses with imbalanced parental genome dosage
FIS-PRC2-mediated repression of C2 subclade is necessary to restrict C2 gene expression to the coenocytic phase of endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
FIS-PRC2 required to repress expression of C2 genes during endosperm cellularization
timing of phase transition in endosperm is important for seed development
effects on timing of cellularization in interspecific and interploidy crosses in rice are similar to effects found previously in interspecific crosses in rice Oryza sativa
interploidy crosses are consistent with results reported for interploidy and interspecies crosses in Arabidopsis thaliana Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
Mutator insertion in zmAroDH-3 is associated with opaque endosperm phenotype Zea mays
embryo sheath in pTE2:KIR1 lines appears unaffected in pTE2:KIR1 lines Arabidopsis thaliana
Emb12 is not essential for endosperm development Zea mays
endosperm free nuclei in mutants at one-celled embryo proper stage have no more than eight free nuclei Arabidopsis thaliana
PHERES1 (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) deregulation of endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis arenosa
endosperm tissue in interploidy cross 4x O. sativa × 2x O. sativa was very small Oryza sativa
post-hybridization barrier has two major components altered timing of cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
endosperm in Arabidopsis thaliana supports embryonic growth Arabidopsis thaliana
loss of Emb12 function has minimal impact on endosperm starch, lipid and storage protein accumulation Zea mays
(DDM2, DMT01, DMT1, MET1, MET2, METI, AT5G49160) mutant and mutants in various FIS-PRC2 components show different and partially overlapping effects on de-repression of genes targeted by both histone and DNA methylation Arabidopsis thaliana
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) gene is involved in endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
living central endosperm and aleurone cells have regularly shaped round nuclei Arabidopsis thaliana
OsMADS87 expression patterns in different crosses are consistent with patterns of delayed or precocious endosperm cellularization Oryza sativa; Oryza longistaminata
seed abortion phenotypes result from bidirectional alterations of endosperm development Oryza sativa; Oryza longistaminata
cellular endosperm is endosperm type distinct from nuclear-type endosperm Solanum section Lycopersicon
MEDEA (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) Pc-G complex controls endosperm growth and proliferation Arabidopsis thaliana
paternal HTR12-GFP is not removed from endosperm nuclei during first three syncytial divisions Arabidopsis thaliana
presence of intravacuolar TIP3-GFP-positive membranes indicated that reshaping events must have taken place Hordeum vulgare
(ATMSI1, MEE70, MSI1, AT5G58230) autonomous endosperm is diploid Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL62, AT5G60440) mutant seeds results in death Arabidopsis thaliana
suppression of the AGL cluster at 5 DAP is critical for successful transition from the syncytial to cellularized stages of seed development Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis arenosa
DAPI-stained nuclei in zou-4 mutant endosperm are clearly discernible until 13 DAP Arabidopsis thaliana
zou_nac seeds at 21 DAP were still plump with apparently viable endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana
Opaque-2 is involved in maize endosperm development Zea mays
triploid endosperm nuclei display 15 centromeres marked by (CENH3, HTR12, AT1G01370) Arabidopsis thaliana
mRNA of the GluA-2 gene started to accumulate during the early stages of endosperm development
FIS-PRC2 mutants lack proper endosperm cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
syncytial phase transitions to cellularized phase
(AGL62, AT5G60440) mutant shows precocious cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
mn1 mutant showed reduced cell size during endosperm development Zea mays
metabolic physiology at 20 and 28 DAP is quite different between Mn1 and mn1 mutant Zea mays
INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION1 (ATICE1, ICE1, SCREAM, SCRM, AT3G26744) has strong expression in embryo-surrounding endosperm
TtPARC6 expression is lowest during late developmental stages Triticum turgidum
11 SNPs in ta1-causal gene showed no changes in aleurone thickness Oryza sativa
interspecific cross between female Arabidopsis thaliana (4n) and male Arabidopsis arenosa (4n) shows delayed timing of cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis arenosa
endosperm cells in 4n self-pollinated plants are comparable in size to endosperm cells in 4n × 2n cross Oryza sativa
CpG DNA methylation at the 3′ regulatory region of the (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) locus is decreased in (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) mutants Arabidopsis thaliana
(AtTRM61, TRM61, AT5G14600) may be required for endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
HAIKU2 (IKU2, AT3G19700) participates in endosperm development pathway Arabidopsis thaliana
large nuclei surrounded by dense cytoplasm in zou_nac suggests change in endosperm nature Arabidopsis thaliana
endosperm development follows nuclear-type program Arabidopsis thaliana
OsmtSSB1-mediated mitochondrial function plays a critical role in subaleurone cell-fate determination Oryza sativa
central vacuole in endosperm is replaced by endosperm cells by 4 DAP Oryza sativa
PcG-dependent histone methylation may be sufficient to repress autonomous central cell proliferation Arabidopsis thaliana
AtRFC4 loss of function caused endosperm with six to eight free nuclei Arabidopsis thaliana
rfc4-1/+ complementation with AtRFC4 expression driven through FIS2pro could not completely restore defective endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana
2n self-pollinated seeds show endosperm nuclei increase at similar rates between 1.0 and 2.0 DAP Oryza sativa
738 ± 31 endosperm nuclei in 2n × 4n cross at 1.5 DAP is approximately 166% of that in 4n self-pollinated plants Oryza sativa
fertilized central cell undergoes endoreduplication
DEMETER (DME, EMB1649, AT5G04560) removes DNA methylation marks specifically in central cell Arabidopsis thaliana
pathways mediating non-CpG methylation in seeds are dependent on a decrease in CpG methylation Arabidopsis thaliana
interaction network and coexpression of AGL genes consistent with shared function during early endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) -1 heterozygous plants show lower frequency of autonomous endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
fis class mutants initiate central cell proliferation and endosperm development in the absence of fertilization central cell proliferation and endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
ZmMRP-1 is specifically expressed in transfer cell layer of the maize endosperm Zea mays
EMBRYO SURROUNDING FACTOR 1 (ESF1) peptides accumulate in embryo-surrounding endosperm cells Arabidopsis thaliana
changes in gene expression in endosperm may alter endosperm development
INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION1 (ATICE1, ICE1, SCREAM, SCRM, AT3G26744) is expressed in testa
genetic and physiological factors result in modulation of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) structure
pGCD1::GCD1_EGFP construct shows GCD1 protein expression in early endosperm at two endosperm nucleus stage Arabidopsis thaliana
point mutation in junction between intron 4 and exon 5 of OsmtSSB1 caused (ASD, ATA1, TA1, AT3G42960) phenotypes Oryza sativa
subaleurone cells in rice endosperm differentiate to starchy endosperm at late stage of endosperm development Oryza sativa
endosperm from interploidy cross 4x O. sativa × 2x O. sativa cellularization was observed precociously at 2 DAP Oryza sativa
cellularization timing in ploidy manipulation cross is similar to cellularization timing in self-pollinated diploid plants Oryza sativa; Oryza longistaminata
initial syncytial development followed by cellularization is conserved Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana
Opaque2 is known regulator of zein expression or endosperm development Zea mays
weak TIP3-GFP signal in starchy endosperm cells indicated gradual loss of TIP3-GFP-labelled membranes Hordeum vulgare
protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the central starchy endosperm do not appear to undergo fusion Hordeum vulgare
hybridization barrier may result in enlarged and swollen endosperm
paternal genome excess in Oryza sativa results in increased rate of nuclear division Oryza sativa
interspecific crosses may share common outcomes with interploidy crosses
2n × 4n cross produces seeds filled with viscous liquid at 7 DAP Oryza sativa
2n × 4n cross seeds show syncytium and central vacuole persisted to 7 DAP Oryza sativa
ovules containing autonomous endosperm express KS22 marker
pGCD1::GCD1_EGFP construct shows GCD1 protein expression in early endosperm at four endosperm nucleus stage Arabidopsis thaliana
efficient energy supply is critical for formation of single-layered aleurone in rice endosperm Oryza sativa
endosperm of (ASG6, CRK2, AT1G70520) was morphologically abnormal Zea mays
three TaNAC77 homoeologs shared similar expression profile Triticum aestivum
genomic cytosine methylation could impact accumulation of endosperm storage compounds Zea mays
repression of expression of maternal alleles of paternally-expressed genes (PEGs) occurs throughout endosperm development
reciprocal cross between female diploid Arabidopsis thaliana (2n) and male tetraploid Arabidopsis thaliana (4n) with paternal genome excess shows increased rate of mitotic division Arabidopsis thaliana
OsMADS87 gene is maternally expressed imprinted gene Oryza sativa
global DNA demethylation may affect many genes many genes Arabidopsis thaliana
(DDM2, DMT01, DMT1, MET1, MET2, METI, AT5G49160) potentially interacts with (FIE, FIE1, FIS3, AT3G20740) Arabidopsis thaliana
transcriptome analysis showed sharp transition at 9–10 days after pollination Zea mays
genetic networks regulate cell cycle regulation Oryza sativa
Helitrons flanking imprinted and non-imprinted genes are important regulators of endosperm development
rice endosperm continues to proliferate and to support seedling growth Oryza sativa
DNA methylation and H3K27me3 marks are mostly mutually exclusive H3K27me3 targets in the endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana
DNA methylation in non-CpG contexts is slightly increased at both (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) and (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) loci Arabidopsis thaliana
a decrease in CpG methylation and increase in non-CpG methylation is observed in (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) mutant background for two target loci Arabidopsis thaliana
(DME, EMB1649, AT5G04560) is an antagonist of (DDM2, DMT01, DMT1, MET1, MET2, METI, AT5G49160) Arabidopsis thaliana
inhibition effect of the three SBEs in TRS endosperm development process was gradually enhanced
FIS-PRC2 complex likely functions through their 5′-flanking sequences to down-regulate actively expressed AGL genes prior to endosperm cellularization irrespective of their imprinting status Arabidopsis thaliana
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) has role in inhibition of endosperm proliferation Arabidopsis thaliana
over-proliferation phenotype caused by (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) mutation is suppressed in transgenic plants expressing antisense strand of PHERES1 (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) gene driven by (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) promoter Arabidopsis thaliana
C2.2 genes maintained high relative levels of mRNA at 4 to 5 DAP Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL28, AT1G01530) showed more delayed down-regulation pattern Arabidopsis thaliana
parent-specific activity of promoter and/or full-length gene fusions for 15 C2 genes assayed in fis2-8 and mea-3 mutant backgrounds at 2 and 5 DAP Arabidopsis thaliana
FIS-PRC2 required to repress expression of majority of C2 genes
C2 genes expressed in coenocytic endosperm
mid phase of endosperm development is 6–15 DAP Zea mays
mitotic divisions give rise to most of the cells comprising the starchy endosperm Zea mays
cell number in wild type and OE lines showed no significant difference between wild type and OE lines Zea mays
Bdiku2 mutant 4-11 had begun to cellularize around few nuclei in embryo-surrounding region at 2 DAP Brachypodium distachyon
FIS-PRC2 mediates generalized repression of C2 subclade of type I MADS-box genes Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL96, AT5G06500) showed more delayed down-regulation pattern Arabidopsis thaliana
antagonistic roles of parental chromosomes explains opposite phenotypes in endosperm
MEDEA (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) and FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT SEED2 (FIE2, FIS2, AT2G35670) regulate endosperm development in opposite directions to PHERES1 (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) Arabidopsis thaliana
balance of activity between imprinted genes is expected to be tightly regulated endosperm development
mis-expression of the target genes would cause endosperm abnormality Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis arenosa
endosperm from ploidy manipulation cross 4x O. sativa × 2x O. longistaminata was completely cellularized by 3 DAP Oryza sativa; Oryza longistaminata
increased cell area during cellular stage might be the result of increased vacuolar volume and/or endoreduplication cycle Oryza sativa
Parentally biased expression might achieve optimized stoichiometry of duplicated ERFs that are crucial for the endosperm developmental program
(RGE1, ZOU, AT1G49770) mutants retain excess of endosperm material at maturity
nonmutagenized QPM accumulated smaller protein bodies protein bodies 30% to 40% of W64A wild-type size Zea mays
T-DNA insertion lines do not show autonomous endosperm development Oryza sativa
(FIE, FIE1, FIS3, AT3G20740) mutants identified PHERES1 (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) Arabidopsis thaliana
FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT SEED (FIS)-Polycomb Repressive Complex2 (PRC2) is putative H3K27 methyltransferase Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL35, AT5G26630) showed more delayed down-regulation pattern Arabidopsis thaliana
cellularization timing in endosperm is opposite in reciprocal cross
(AGL62, AT5G60440) and (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) MADS-box heterodimer complex may regulate endosperm cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
FIS-PRC2 complex maintains maternal but not the paternal imprinting of the imprinted AGL genes Arabidopsis thaliana
H3K27me3 modifications at FIS-PRC2-regulated C2 genes undergo dynamic change in pattern during early endosperm development
cellularization extends across peripheral domain toward chalazal domain Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL62, AT5G60440) mutant exhibits precocious cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
imprinting of rice and maize (FIE, FIE1, FIS3, AT3G20740) genes may indicate similar function in endosperm development Oryza sativa; Zea mays
ZmFie1 and ZmFie2 RNAi lines have not shown autonomous endosperm development Zea mays
FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM (FIE, FIE1, FIS3, AT3G20740) is component of PRC2 Polycomb protein complex Arabidopsis thaliana
redundant functions in (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) family may explain lack of obvious phenotype in (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) antisense transgenic plants without (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) mutation Arabidopsis thaliana
10 lines with fully viable opaque kernels were candidates for factors specifically involved in o2 endosperm modification and/or vitreous endosperm formation Zea mays
cellularization begins after eighth mitosis Arabidopsis thaliana
PHERES1 (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) is type-I MADS-box transcription factor Arabidopsis thaliana
global DNA hypomethylation causes prolonged coenocytic phase Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL62, AT5G60440) binding to C2 proteins supports notion that at least some C2 genes regulate endosperm development
delayed cellularization is correlated with larger seed size
endosperm abnormality may be predicted using endosperm balance number
interspecific cross between female Arabidopsis thaliana (4n) and male Arabidopsis arenosa (4n) shows decreased rate of mitotic division Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis arenosa
synergistic effect of DNA methylation and H3K27me3 is probably responsible for the enhancement of autonomous endosperm development in (DDM2, DMT01, DMT1, MET1, MET2, METI, AT5G49160) -3 ; (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) -1 plants Arabidopsis thaliana
(DDM2, DMT01, DMT1, MET1, MET2, METI, AT5G49160) does not have a major effect on repression of (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) before fertilization Arabidopsis thaliana
ATHILA retrotransposons misexpression of endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis arenosa
endosperm of O. sativa × O. longistaminata cross showed abnormal cell size Oryza sativa; Oryza longistaminata
imprinting status of MADS87 correlated with abnormal or restored endosperm phenotype Oryza sativa; Oryza longistaminata
FIS-PRC2 regulates C2 subclade of type I MADS-box genes Arabidopsis thaliana
autonomous development of endosperm may be controlled by other mechanisms yet to be identified Oryza sativa
PHERES1 (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) is up-regulated in (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) and (FIE, FIE1, FIS3, AT3G20740) mutants Arabidopsis thaliana
C2 genes (with exception of MEGs (AGL36, AT5G26650) (AGL90, AT5G27960) and (AGL96, AT5G06500) and PEGs (AGL23, AT1G65360) and (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) ) generally exhibited biallelic expression pattern during coenocytic endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
FIS-PRC2 complex has dual role in regulation of AGL genes Arabidopsis thaliana
FIS-PRC2 complex may remain associated with C2 loci in form of bivalent chromatin domains
Ploidy barrier to endosperm model could apply similar mechanism to imprinted PcG gene regulation of endosperm development
AGAMOUS-LIKE62 (AGL62, AT5G60440) regulates seed size Arabidopsis thaliana
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) mutants identified PHERES1 (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) Arabidopsis thaliana
correlation between cell number and endosperm thickness was strong in early endosperm development but became less evident during endosperm filling endosperm development stages Zea mays
increased endosperm cell ploidy is associated with cell size Zea mays
defective seeds from pBdIKU2 :: BdIKU2 transgenic plants had uncellularized or partially cellularized endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana
cellularization in Bdiku2 mutant 4-11 progressed rapidly toward central vacuoles from 3 to 4 DAP Brachypodium distachyon
FIS-PRC2 complex may reassociate with C2 loci during endosperm cellularization
(EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) female gametophytes develop into seed-like structures with diploid endosperms Arabidopsis thaliana
changes in patterns of expression of imprinted genes may disrupt balance and cause endosperm abortion
interspecific hybrid between Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis arenosa shows delayed cellularization in the endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis arenosa
majority of the C2 genes tested (including (AGL48, AT2G40210) and (AGL91, AT3G66656) ) were biallelically expressed as promoter reporters Arabidopsis thaliana
hybrid endosperm shows overgrowth with altered or arrested embryo development Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis arenosa
50-kD γ-zein does not appear to be involved in protein body initiation Zea mays
type I MADS-box transcription factor genes may constitute regulatory circuitry linking epigenetic mechanisms with regulation of genes expressed during early endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
FIS-PRC2 regulation of early endosperm development has dual role Arabidopsis thaliana
generalized repression of C2 subclade by FIS-PRC2 is associated with endosperm cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
abnormal development occurs in hybrid endosperm
paternal alleles of MEGs (AGL36, AT5G26650) (AGL90, AT5G27960) and (AGL96, AT5G06500) remained silenced at 2 and 5 DAP Arabidopsis thaliana
seed size is positively associated with extent of coenocytic endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
observed up-regulation of the C2 genes at 5 DAP may result from extended coenocytic phase Arabidopsis thaliana
Polar Nuclei Activation model could apply similar mechanism to imprinted PcG gene regulation of endosperm development
line 107 protein bodies were identified as being similar in size to wild type protein bodies Zea mays
coenocytic phase is characterized by series of mitoses without cytokinesis Arabidopsis thaliana
coenocytic endosperm differentiates into peripheral domain Arabidopsis thaliana
5′-flanking sequences of (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) are sufficient to mediate FIS-PRC2-dependent repression of either allele during the transition to cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
Polar Nuclei Activation hypothesis was proposed to explain endosperm incompatibility in oats Avena sativa
antagonistic regulation of endosperm development by (EMB173, FIS1, MEA, SDG5, AT1G02580) (FIE2, FIS2, AT2G35670) and (AGL37, PHE1, AT1G65330) explains observed phenotypes of interspecific crosses Arabidopsis thaliana
O2-ZmGRAS11-centered transcriptional regulatory network coordinately regulates endosperm filling and cell expansion Zea mays
coupled regulation of cell expansion and endosperm filling is advantageous in that storage capacity and biosynthetic capability are coordinated to maximize cell volume and contents on real-time basis Zea mays
cellularization in Atiku2 was completed by 5 DAP Arabidopsis thaliana
number of syncytial nuclei at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 DAP in self-pollinated 2x O. sativa showed no significant difference compared to number of syncytial nuclei in interspecific cross 2x O. sativa × 2x O. longistaminata Oryza sativa; Oryza longistaminata
endosperm in A. thaliana is ephemeral and degenerates into single layer at maturity Arabidopsis thaliana
reduced expression of OsMADS87 is correlated with precocious endosperm cellularization Oryza sativa
almost half of the DEGs were upregulated in each transition between developmental stages Triticum urartu
DNA methylation plays crucial role in key biological events during maize endosperm development Zea mays
endosperm development of T. urartu shows decrease in fraction of medium- and high-prevalence genes Triticum urartu
RNA-seq revealed crucial roles of genetic controls in rice endosperm development Oryza sativa
RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) might be important for mediating balance between maternal and paternal contributions to the endosperm Arabidopsis thaliana
nonmutagenized QPM accumulated protein bodies in higher number than wild type Zea mays
type I MADS-box genes are regulated by polymerase IV-dependent small interfering RNAs (p4-siRNAs) Arabidopsis thaliana
C1 genes showed higher relative expression levels either before fertilization or upon endosperm cellularization (4 and 5 DAP) Arabidopsis thaliana
FIS-PRC2 is likely required for proper down-regulation of C2 genes at the onset of endosperm cellularization Arabidopsis thaliana
all three homeologs show the same pattern through endosperm development Triticum aestivum
imprinting status of YUCCA11 correlated with abnormal or restored endosperm phenotype Oryza sativa; Oryza longistaminata
endosperm abnormality is probable cause of effective hybridization barrier Oryza sativa
disruption of any AtMCM2–7 gene results in enlarged endosperm free nuclei Arabidopsis thaliana
deletion mutagenesis in maize has potential as tool for investigating endosperm maturation Zea mays
histone modification likely contributes to epigenetic mechanisms regulating endosperm development Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL91, AT3G66656) and (AGL33, AT2G26320) were not observed to be up-regulated in mutants at 5 DAP Arabidopsis thaliana
(AGL62, AT5G60440) is expressed in endosperm during syncytial phase Arabidopsis thaliana
aborted ovules in rfc4-1/+ and rfc4-2/+ have far fewer endosperm free nuclei than wild type Arabidopsis thaliana
endosperm undergrowth is type of developmental abnormality in endosperm
emp8 mutants show severely arrested endosperm development Zea mays