| inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
strongly reduced |
endocytosis of (ABCG25, ATABCG25, AT1G71960) |
|
| (AP1M2, HAP13, AT1G60780) |
associates with |
(ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) |
|
| MoEnd3-mediated endocytosis |
is responsible for internalization of |
sensor MoSho1 |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| internalization of FM4-64 |
is commonly used to visualize |
general endocytosis in plant cells |
|
| wild-type seedlings |
showed many |
bright intracellular FM4-64 puncta |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| medium subunit of the tetrameric (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) |
concomitantly recruits |
cargo proteins |
|
| STRUBBELIG (SUB) |
undergoes |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
|
| (AP180, PICALM6, AT1G05020) |
is encoded by |
Arabidopsis genome |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PB1CP-mediated relocalization of (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) |
involves |
endocytosis |
|
| endocytosis defect of μ2-1 |
would be expected to affect |
distribution of CESAs at plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RADIAL SWELLING9 (ADL1, ADL1A, AG68, DL1, DRP1A, RSW9, AT5G42080) mutant |
results in |
defective endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| μ2-1 does not affect rate of YFP-CESA6 delivery to plasma membrane |
therefore |
elevated density of YFP-CESA6 particles in μ2-1 prc1-1 background likely results from reduction in endocytosis of CESAs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PINs and ABCBs |
are regulated by |
endocytosis pathway |
|
| small colocalization ratio between μ2-YFP and mCherry-CESA6 |
consistent with |
transient and infrequent nature expected of CESA endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clathrin light chain (CLC) |
is encoded by |
Arabidopsis genome |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| μ2-1 seedlings |
showed fewer intracellular FM4-64 puncta that were of lower intensity |
FM4-64 puncta |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| remorin |
associates with |
(ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) |
|
| OsDRP2A |
has been proposed to function in |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) |
Oryza sativa |
| role of (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) in plants |
may differ from |
what has been shown in animals |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS 132 (ATSYP132, SYP132, AT5G08080) |
appears to play diverse biological roles in |
endocytosis of plasma membrane H+-ATPase |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana benthamiana; Triticum aestivum; Medicago truncatula |
| pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) |
are endocytosed after ligand perception through |
clathrin-mediated pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mammalian homolog of μ2 |
is |
medium subunit of the tetrameric (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) |
|
| decreased FM4-64 internalization in μ2-1 cells |
supports |
role of μ2 in general endocytosis in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| μ2-YFP and mCherry-CESA6 functionally associated at plasma membrane |
where CESAs can be endocytosed through |
μ2-mediated mechanism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SPFH proteins |
associate with |
(ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) |
|
| sterol endocytic pathway |
has been shown to interrupt |
polar recycling of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| quantification of FM4-64 fluorescence in apical cytoplasm |
revealed |
significantly increased rate of membrane uptake in (LRX8, AT3G19020) /9/11 triple mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ADAPTOR PROTEIN COMPLEX2 (AP2) complex |
is encoded by |
Arabidopsis genome |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| μ2-YFP |
fully complemented |
FM4-64 internalization defect of μ2-1 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| deletion of (AtPUB12, PUB12, AT2G28830) and (ATPUB13, PUB13, AT3G46510) |
leads to impeded internalization of |
FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE2 (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| filipin application |
reduces |
internalization of (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
|
| sterol endocytic pathway |
has been shown to interrupt |
internalization of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ordered domains enriched with structural sterols on plasma membrane |
serve as |
internalization platforms for plasma membrane-associated molecules and cargo |
|
| plant sterols |
are distributed throughout |
endocytic pathway |
|
| (SUT1, AT5G63020) internalization |
is dependent on |
plasma membrane lipid composition |
|
| (ACR4, CR4, AT3G59420) and (ATDEK1, DEK1, EMB1275, EMB80, AT1G55350) activities |
can be increased by |
overaccumulation in multivesicular bodies |
Zea mays |
| increased rate of endocytosis observed in lrx mutant (ATPTS, PANC, PTS, AT5G48840) grown in presence of 5 µm LaCl3 |
was reduced to |
wild-type levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| filipin |
has inhibitory role in |
internalization step of endocytosis |
|
| ergosterol- and lipid-dependent microdomains |
are functionally linked to |
endocytosis |
|
| XA21 endocytosis |
is observed only with |
BFA or wortmannin treatment |
Oryza sativa |
| (TPLATE, AT3G01780) |
is essential for |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis at plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lipophilic styryl dyes FM4-64 and FM1-43 |
were used to investigate |
rate of endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SUPERNUMERARY ALEURONE LAYERS1 (SAL1) |
regulates |
formation of multivesicular bodies |
Zea mays |
| smooth (clathrin-independent) endocytosis |
leads to formation of |
coned-shaped zone of endocytic vesicles |
|
| sterols |
might be involved in |
endocytosis of LeEix2 receptor |
|
| (ADL1, ADL1A, AG68, DL1, DRP1A, RSW9, AT5G42080) |
plays significant role in |
endocytosis |
|
| CESAs |
are |
new set of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) cargo proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of FYVE-domain protein |
provokes formation of |
endosomal aggregates |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mechanism of endocytosis in plants |
is |
highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells |
|
| (ATBRI1, BIN1, BRI1, CBB2, DWF2, AT4G39400) |
undergoes constitutive endocytic trafficking |
endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| association of FM 4-64 with dots |
depends on |
endocytotic uptake and membrane flux in living cells |
|
| VPS23A:RFP and (TOL6, AT2G38410) |
co-localize in |
early endosomal structures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant sterols |
are reported to be internalized into |
endosomes |
|
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
undergoes endocytosis in |
plants |
|
| lipid-enriched membrane rafts |
is functionally linked to |
endocytosis |
|
| cholesterol depletion |
alters |
endocytic structures |
|
| endocytosis |
occurs in at least two forms |
clathrin-dependent (clathrin-mediated endocytosis, CME) and independent (e.g. raft/caveloae endocytosis, RCE) |
|
| (ATIRT1, IRT1, AT4G19690) |
is endocytosed in |
monoubiquitylated state |
|
| syntaxin |
show increased levels of |
mRNA |
|
| XA21 K736E–GFP |
localizes to |
plasma membrane |
Oryza sativa |
| mRFP–SCAMP1 |
localizes to |
plasma membrane |
Oryza sativa |
| clathrin |
was recently identified in |
plant cells |
|
| sterols |
play a role in |
internalization of (SUT1, AT5G63020) from the PM |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| tyrphostin A23 |
argues for |
clathrin-independent endocytosis of (SUT1, AT5G63020) |
|
| (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) |
can undergo |
endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| XA21–GFP |
localizes to |
plasma membrane |
Oryza sativa |
| MβCD treatment |
prevented |
formation of (SUT1, AT5G63020) vesicles |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| Tyrphostin treatment |
did not alter |
effect of BFA |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| internalization of StSUT1 (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM SUCROSE TRANSPORTER 1) |
depends on |
formation of raft-like structures |
Solanum tuberosum |
| (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) |
undergoes endocytosis and degradation only upon stimulation with |
flagellin epitope flg22 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| multivesicular body (MVB) morphology |
dependent on |
the Rab-F family |
|
| clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
is regulated by |
PI(4,5)P2 |
|
| brefeldin A (BFA) |
does not inhibit |
endocytosis |
|
| mβCD (methyl-beta-cyclodextrin) application |
results in no detection of |
vesicles in infiltrated tobacco leaves |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| clathrin-dependent endocytosis |
is |
highly conserved pathway |
|
| FM4-64 |
is |
endocytic tracer |
|
| StSUT1–GFP fusion protein |
is targeted to |
intracellular vesicles |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| SlSUT1–GFP |
accumulates at |
internalization sites |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| accumulation of various proton symporters at sites of endocytosis |
is dependent on |
lipid and ergosterol composition |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) and (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
are subject to |
endocytic regulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
undergo |
endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtFlot1 |
functions in |
endocytic pathway independent from clathrins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| punctate signals in (TOL2, AT1G06210) (TOL3, AT1G21380) (TOL5, AT5G63640) localization |
potentially represent |
accumulations in endosomal structures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FER, AT3G51550) |
modulates |
endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| eisosomes |
are characterized as |
static sites for internalization of membrane proteins and lipids |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| wortmannin treatment |
increases |
cytosolic vesicles containing XA21 K736E–GFP |
Oryza sativa |
| SUT localization to sterol-enriched membrane rafts |
promotes |
actin-dependent endocytosis |
|
| vacuole membrane staining |
was observed after |
1.5 h in all treatments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtBOR1, BOR1, AT2G47160) polarity |
relies on |
DRP1A-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tyrphostin A23 |
does not block |
endocytic events |
|
| StSUT1 |
is internalized from |
plasma membrane |
Solanum tuberosum; Nicotiana tabacum |
| (AtSCAMP1, SC3, SCAMP1, AT1G61250) |
labels |
early endosome (EE) or recycling endosome (RE) |
Oryza sativa |
| phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) |
has been shown to modulate |
endocytosis |
|
| perception of external stimuli |
leads to |
selective internalization of membrane proteins via endocytosis |
|
| (AtBOR1, BOR1, AT2G47160) |
undergoes endocytosis in |
plants |
|
| (AtBOR1, BOR1, AT2G47160) |
is trafficked from |
plasma membrane to vacuole via endocytic pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cholesterol depletion |
causes flattening of |
clathrin-coated endocytic structures |
|
| (ATPPME1, PPME1, AT1G69940) localization |
is unaffected by |
BFA treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genes involved in endocytosis such as vesicle transport v-SNARE and syntaxin family genes |
are up-regulated upon |
ToxA treatment |
|
| endocytic vesicles |
co-localize with |
K63-linked ubiquitin cargo |
|
| BFA inhibition of endosomal cycling |
leads to |
formation of endosomal aggregates called BFA bodies |
|
| excess membrane labelled with both FM 1-43 and FM 4-64 |
is internalized via |
smooth vesicle endocytosis |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| brefeldin A (BFA) treatment |
does not inhibit |
endocytosis |
|
| root infection system |
provides |
reliable system for further investigation of XA21 endocytosis during interaction with Xoo |
Oryza sativa |
| stress-induced (PIP2, prePIP2, AT4G37290) responses at the plasma membrane |
may have a role in |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
|
| Rab-D1 |
is also found on |
endosomes |
|
| lipophilic FM dyes |
are internalized via |
endocytosis |
|
| DYM root tissue after 30 min FM4-64 treatment |
showed increased |
relative FM4-64 signal associated with internal membranes of cytoplasm |
Sorghum bicolor |
| DDYM root cells after 1 h BFA treatment |
contained fewer |
BFA bodies |
Sorghum bicolor |
| polar outer localization of NIP5;1 |
is maintained by |
threonine phosphorylation-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| StSUT1 |
undergoes constant recycling rather than |
protein degradation |
Solanum tuberosum; Nicotiana tabacum |
| plasma membrane TOLs |
could bind ubiquitylated cargos before |
completion of endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (TOL5, AT5G63640) |
functions at |
MVBs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMAPR5, ATMP1, MAPR5, MSBP1, AT5G52240) |
localizes in |
endosomes |
|
| FM4-64 |
distributes to |
tonoplast |
|
| novel markers |
have been used to map |
endocytic pathways |
|
| FER-LLG1 receptor complex clustering |
triggers |
endocytosis |
|
| DYM root cells after 1 h BFA treatment |
contained approximately |
eight BFA bodies per cell |
Sorghum bicolor |
| (112A-2A, EMB30, GN, GNOM, MIZ2, VAN7, AT1G13980) |
localizes to |
components of endocytic pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inhibition of (AtAVP1, ATAVP3, AtVHP1;1, AVP-3, AVP1, FUGU5, VHP1, AT1G15690) expression |
will affect |
endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endosidin 1 (ES1) |
does not affect |
internalization of FM4-64 dye |
|
| disruption of sterol-enriched membrane domains |
prevents |
(SUT1, AT5G63020) internalization |
|
| FM4-64 signal in PM and cytosol after 30 min treatment |
showed higher PM/cytosol ratio in |
DDYM compared to DYM |
Sorghum bicolor |
| cellulose synthase (CESA) activity |
is regulated by |
removal from the plasma membrane (endocytosis) |
|
| DYM root hairs exposed to FM4-64 for 15 min |
resulted in more |
dye internalization |
Sorghum bicolor |
| Brownian motion of FM4-64 vesicles and aggregates |
was recorded by |
confocal microscopy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant sterols |
have mechanistic role during |
endocytosis |
|
| (AtMAPR5, ATMP1, MAPR5, MSBP1, AT5G52240) |
contains |
Tyrosine-based signals of NP X Y or Y XX Ø sequence |
|
| capacitance changes |
are consistent with |
imaging studies using fluorescent styryl dyes to label internalized membrane |
|
| MSBP1-overexpressing roots |
show inhibited |
BFA compartment formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMAPR5, ATMP1, MAPR5, MSBP1, AT5G52240) protein sequence |
contains |
multiple endocytosis signals |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| stomatal closure |
should produce |
large number of endocytotic vesicles |
|
| endocytotic structures |
can occasionally be found in |
present study |
|
| NOAs (1-NOA being more effective) |
can induce formation of |
endosomes containing auxin carriers |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| wortmannin |
suppresses |
internalization of proteins from plasma membrane |
|
| defense receptor |
may contain |
motif for endocytosis |
|
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
traffics through |
TGN/endosome compartment |
|
| Membrane Steroid Binding Protein 1 (AtMAPR5, ATMP1, MAPR5, MSBP1, AT5G52240) |
contains |
endocytosis signal Y XX Ø motif |
|
| endocytosis in plants |
has been proposed to be important for removal of |
excess membrane at sites of cell growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARF1, AT1G59750) |
mediates |
endocytosis in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glucose (Glc) treatment |
led to enhanced accumulation of |
(ATBRI1, BIN1, BRI1, CBB2, DWF2, AT4G39400) protein in early endocytic vesicles |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tyrphostin A23 |
nevertheless allowed |
endocytic vesicles formation and internalization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) in BFA compartments |
colocalized with |
FM4-64 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clathrin-mediated pathway |
can be inhibited by |
auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| salt stress |
induces |
increase in intracellular accumulation of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
|
| (JK224, NPH1, PHOT1, RPT1, AT3G45780) internalization from plasma membrane |
occurs upon |
blue-light irradiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| product (encoded by PP_LEa0009I13f) with dynamin GTPase domain |
is highly homologous to |
(ADL1, ADL1A, AG68, DL1, DRP1A, RSW9, AT5G42080) (Arabidopsis dynamin-like protein 1A) and Glycine max phragmoplastin |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Glycine max |
| cells undergoing either division or rapid growth |
internalize large amounts of |
pectins and GPI-anchored arabinogalactan proteins |
|
| (ABCB23, ATATM1, ATM1, AT4G28630) |
is co-localized with |
vesicles decorated with GFP-tagged (ARA-6, ARA6, AtARA6, ATRAB5C, ATRABF1, RABF1, AT3G54840) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pharmacological inhibition of ARF–GEF by brefeldin A (BFA) |
results in |
internalization of PIN cargoes from basal plasma membrane domain into BFA compartments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endocytosis of coated vesicles |
occurs in |
distal region of the growth zone and along the shank of the pollen tube |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| plant β-adaptins |
may function analogously to |
mammalian β-adaptins |
|
| endocytic vesicles |
can invaginate into |
coated pits |
|
| four genes encoding putative proteins with roles in endocytosis |
were identified as differentially expressed between |
juicy and woolly peaches |
Prunus persica |
| clathrin heavy chain |
is significantly upregulated at |
15 days after anthesis (DAA) |
Triticum aestivum |
| FM4-64 |
labels |
plasma membrane |
|
| fusion site |
disappeared through |
putative endocytosis-dependent membrane metabolism and/or recycling |
|
| SCA produced in the pistil |
enters |
pollen tube tip |
|
| constitutive active mutants of (ARA-7, ARA7, atARA7, ATRAB-F2B, ATRAB5B, ATRABF2B, RAB-F2B, RABF2B, AT4G19640) |
form |
aggregates of deformed endosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| condensates in yeast and animals |
initiate endocytosis rather than being involved throughout the process |
condensates in plants |
|
| MSBP1-deficient plants |
show decreased |
internalization of FM4-64 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| defects in endocytosis |
could explain |
SCAR and (ARP2, ATARP2, WRM, AT3G27000) /3 complex mutant phenotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decreased membrane tension |
stimulates |
endocytosis |
Nicotiana tabacum; Mammalia |
| roles of plant β-adaptins in clathrin binding to AP-2 complexes |
have not been experimentally demonstrated |
|
|
| endocytosis in plants |
has been proposed to be important for |
wall assembly |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
was detected in |
intracellular compartments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pectins that are cross-linked with boron and calcium |
are internalized and apparently recycled via |
early endosomes |
|
| smooth vesicles |
have been shown to accumulate as |
discrete class of endosome that mediates traffic to the Golgi complex |
|
| electron microscopy on cryo-fixed serial sections |
showed |
density of clathrin-coated pits was highest in a region from 6 μm to 18 μm distal to the tip |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| tyrphostin A23 (TyrA23) |
inhibits |
clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endocytic pathway |
occurs along |
shank region of the pollen tube |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (RAB, RBE, AT5G06070) proteins |
are implicated in |
a multitude of biological functions such as in the regulation of early and late endocytic pathways |
|
| present study |
did not observe |
expected number of endocytotic vesicles |
|
| Shope et al. (2003) |
observed |
endocytosis in intact guard cells |
|
| endocytosis in guard cells |
must occur against |
high turgor pressures in guard cells |
|
| (ABCB23, ATATM1, ATM1, AT4G28630) tail–green fluorescent protein fusion protein co-localization |
implies a role of ATM1 in |
endocytosis |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| cell shrinking |
increases |
endocytic membrane retrieval at the apex |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| plant SCAMPs |
have not been functionally characterized |
|
|
| (ARA-6, ARA6, AtARA6, ATRAB5C, ATRABF1, RABF1, AT3G54840) |
regulates |
endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| results from protoplasts |
may not be possible to extrapolate to |
intact guard cells |
|
| Diekmann et al. (1993) |
demonstrated endocytosis in shrunken protoplasts but found that endocytotic vesicles could not be retrieved to |
plasmalemma in response to protoplast swelling |
|
| NaSBP1 |
may be relevant to |
transportation of products by endocytosis |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| FM 4-64 internalization along the shank of the pollen tube |
occurs |
second mechanism for FM 4-64 internalization |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| smooth vesicle endocytosis |
is known to be important in |
mammalian cells |
|
| NOA-induced vesicles of EYFP:AUX1 |
partially colocalized with |
membrane-selective endocytic tracer FM 4-64 |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| MSBP1-overexpressing plants |
show clearly increased |
internalization of FM4-64 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| first membrane progesterone receptor complex 1 (PGRMC1) |
contains |
endocytosis signal Y XX Ø motif |
|
| SCAR and (ARP2, ATARP2, WRM, AT3G27000) /3 complex-dependent actin polymerization |
requires further work to directly investigate possible roles in |
endocytosis or exocytosis in plant cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endocytosis |
is poorly defined in |
plants |
|
| interference with clathrin-dependent endocytosis |
inhibits |
endocytosis in general |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARA-7, ARA7, atARA7, ATRAB-F2B, ATRAB5B, ATRABF2B, RAB-F2B, RABF2B, AT4G19640) |
like its animal counterpart acts as |
regulator of endosome membrane fusion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FM 4-64 |
rapidly labels |
pool of small vesicles located in the apical dome |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| NO-dependent actin rearrangements |
have consequences for |
endocytosis |
Zea mays |
| internalization of noncanonical (GCR2, GPCR, AT1G52920) Pth11 and sensor MoSho1 |
affects |
plasma membrane localization |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| medium subunit of the tetrameric (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) |
docks to |
plasma membrane |
|
| Mammalian μ2 |
believed to be exclusively involved in endocytosis at |
plasma membrane |
|
| FM4-64 endocytosis in (ARAC3, ATROP6, RAC3, RHO1PS, ROP6, AT4G35020) CA root hairs |
was completely blocked |
endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) accumulation in BFA bodies |
increased in |
(SPK1, AT4G16340) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Mp SRI2 (Mp SHORT RHIZOIDS2) |
encodes |
EF-hand-containing protein similar to S. cerevisiae PAN1 |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| phosphorylation of MAPK and production of ROS |
are unimpaired in |
mutants affecting (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) endocytosis |
|
| excess plasma membrane |
was retrieved by |
endocytosis at the apex |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| constitutive endocytic membrane retrieval from the apical plasma membrane |
generates |
pool of small vesicles in the apical dome |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and α-(phenylethyl-2-oxo)-IAA (PEO-IAA) |
inhibit |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| various plant plasma-membrane proteins |
are internalized from |
cell surface |
|
| actin microfilaments |
mediates |
endocytosis |
|
| glucose (Glc) |
significantly increased |
ratio between intracellular versus plasma-membrane-localized (ATBRI1, BIN1, BRI1, CBB2, DWF2, AT4G39400) signal |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clathrin-dependent endocytosis |
is |
prominent endocytic pathway |
|
| plant β-adaptins |
have been identified in |
zucchini |
Cucurbita pepo |
| transporters, receptors, and extracellular-peptide ligands |
internalization occurs at |
plant plasma membrane |
|
| rop6-1 and ric1-1 roots |
show more association of clathrin with the plasma membrane compared to |
wild-type (WT) roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PAN1 |
is required for |
association of ARP-actin polymerization complex with clathrin-coated vesicles during endocytosis |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| Pit |
develops into |
bud |
|
| cytoplasmic clumps |
are formed by |
endocytosis of the tonoplast |
|
| (ATM2, ATM4, ATMYOS1, AT5G54280) |
could mediate transportation through the endocytic pathway in concert with |
(ABCB23, ATATM1, ATM1, AT4G28630) |
|
| photoconverted red PIN2-EosFP |
internalizes from and accumulates in |
intracellular endosomal aggregates (BFA compartments) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fluorescence imaging-based screen |
identifies |
Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in internalization of proteins including PINs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tyrphostin A23 treatment |
affected DR5::GUS expression notably around |
quiescent center |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARF-GTPase involvement in clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
prompted inquiry into whether |
uptake of the fluorescent endocytic tracer FM 1-43 is impaired in (AGD1, VAL1, AT5G61980) root hairs |
|
| FM4-64 |
colocalizes with |
BEN1-GFP-positive structures at very early stages of its internalization |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| meristematic and transition zones |
show |
highest endocytosis activity in developing protophloem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARAC7, ATRAC7, ATROP9, RAC7, ROP9, AT4G28950) and (ARAC10, ATRAC10, ATROP11, RAC10, ROP11, AT5G62880) |
confirmed that ROP6 is not the only regulator of |
PIN endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATBRI1, BIN1, BRI1, CBB2, DWF2, AT4G39400) internalization |
shows significant reduction in |
(UBC13A, UBC35, AT1G78870) (AtUBC36, UBC13B, UBC36, AT1G16890) background |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FM 1-43 uptake in growing wild type root hairs |
was similar to |
that of (AGD1, VAL1, AT5G61980) root hairs |
|
| three genes |
have not been functionally characterized in |
green plants to date |
|
| PVC |
is |
pre-vacuolar compartment |
|
| coated-like pits |
have been detected at |
plant plasma membrane |
|
| protoplasts |
showing observable amount of cytoplasm are easier to follow |
endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (ATBRI1, BIN1, BRI1, CBB2, DWF2, AT4G39400) endocytosis |
occurs to |
early endosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| full appreciation of diverse functions of endocytosis in plants |
is important topic for |
future studies |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATRABA1B, BEX5, RAB11, RABA1b, AT1G16920) mutant |
does not affect |
endocytosis of FM4-64 dye |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| FM4-64 dye |
is widely used as |
tracer to study pollen tube endocytosis |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (CLC2, AT2G40060) |
co-localizes with |
sterols |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Lucifer Yellow (LY) |
was used to detect |
uptake of the dye in hyperosmotically treated guard cell protoplasts |
|
| okadaic acid and cantharidin treatment |
could enhance |
(ATBRI1, BIN1, BRI1, CBB2, DWF2, AT4G39400) endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| presence of glucose along with latrunculin B (Lat-b) |
could cause formation of |
large intracellular bodies |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FM1-43 |
was used to observe |
diffuse distribution of FM1-43 label throughout the cytoplasm |
|
| AtCLCd–green fluorescent protein (GFP) |
co-localized with |
endocytosed FM4-64 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Ca2+ in (ATPTS, PANC, PTS, AT5G48840) |
is hypothesized to promote |
endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| disruption of the spatial organization of apical F-actin by wortmannin |
directly arrests |
tip-focused endocytosis |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| intracellular PIN2-GFP |
localizes to |
endocytic pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glucose-stimulated fission of vesicles |
was not affected by |
ikarugamycin |
|
| accumulated Agrobacterium-delivered GFP 11−VirE2 |
are subsequently internalized through |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| 3-D reconstruction |
revealed |
observed change in (ATRGS1, RGS1, AT3G26090) was due to internalization as opposed to clustering on the plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABP, ABP1, AT4G02980) (AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 1) |
is required for |
PIN internalization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 1 (ABP, ABP1, AT4G02980) gain of function |
induces |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) internalization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATRGS1, RGS1, AT3G26090) phosphorylation |
mediates |
endocytosis |
|
| ZmEA1 |
most likely becomes internalized |
as shown by occurrence of internal granules containing DyLight-labeled ZmEA1 at pollen tube tip |
Zea mays |
| ZmEA1 |
might be internalized as |
signal molecule by receptor-mediated endocytosis |
Zea mays |
| (ATDEK1, DEK1, EMB1275, EMB80, AT1G55350) |
colocalizes with |
SUPERNUMERARY ALEURONE LAYERS1 (SAL1) |
Zea mays |
| plant sterols |
are distributed within |
endocytic pathway |
|
| EIX |
triggers internalization of |
LeEix2 receptor |
Nicotiana tabacum; Solanum lycopersicum |
| (DRP5A, AT1G53140) |
encodes |
dynamin-related protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN2-GFP in (FREE1, FYVE1, PDE330, AT1G20110) mutant |
showed apparent signal colocalized with |
endocytic tracker FM4-64 on the vacuolar membrane at 6 hr after uptake |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMIN7, BEN1, BIG5, MIN7, AT3G43300) |
localizes to |
early endocytic compartments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CLAVATA1 (ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) |
undergoes |
endocytosis from plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FM4-64 uptake |
is monitored to test effect on |
endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARAC3, ATROP6, RAC3, RHO1PS, ROP6, AT4G35020) CA overexpression |
caused inhibition of |
FM4-64 endocytic uptake |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (RIC1, AT2G33460) overexpression |
inhibited |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) aggregation into BFA bodies |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endocytic activity |
occurs at |
subapical membrane domain |
|
| (ATBRI1, BIN1, BRI1, CBB2, DWF2, AT4G39400) |
is absent from |
brefeldin A (BFA) bodies |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ADL1, ADL1A, AG68, DL1, DRP1A, RSW9, AT5G42080) function in endocytosis |
may occur through |
feedback modulation of membrane lipid order by (ADL1, ADL1A, AG68, DL1, DRP1A, RSW9, AT5G42080) |
|
| endocytic tracer FM4–64 |
labels |
endosomes |
|
| intracellular PIN2-GFP |
colocalizes with |
FM4-64 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) S-acylation |
does not require |
(AtCHC2, CHC2, AT3G08530) function |
|
| prolonged hypertonic treatment |
revealed |
distinct zone with significantly decreased labelling on the plasma membrane |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| double-mutant lines SS12S6 (ARAC3, ATROP6, RAC3, RHO1PS, ROP6, AT4G35020) SS12S6 (RIC1, AT2G33460) SS12K9 or SS12K9 |
showed increased PIN1 and PIN2 internalization phenotypes similar to |
rop6-1 and ric1-1 mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reserve hexose |
is transported in bulk into |
vacuole |
|
| accessory protein recruitment |
results in |
CLAVATA1 (ATCLV1, CLV1, FAS3, FLO5, AT1G75820) internalization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BFA at 10 μM |
induced hardly any PIN2 internalization in |
wild-type (WT) roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ABP1-mediated signaling pathway |
targets |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis at the plasma membrane |
|
| intracellular PIN1-GFP punctae |
colocalize with |
FM4-64 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tyrphostin A23 |
still allowed |
detectable FM4-64 uptake |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) internalization inhibition by Tyrphostin A23 |
was even more apparent in presence of |
BFA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| jasplakinolide (Jasp) treatment |
suppressed |
increase in (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) accumulation in BFA bodies |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| salt treatment |
induces |
FM1-43 uptake |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| saline stress |
activates after 24-h period |
endocytosis of biotinylated bovine serum albumin |
Oryza sativa |
| FM 1-43 at 10 min after washing |
was |
internalized by the root hair cell and distinct labeling at the extreme apex of both wild type and (AGD1, VAL1, AT5G61980) root hairs was observed |
|
| (SUT1, AT5G63020) |
might not be internalized via |
clathrin-dependent pathway |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| endocytosis |
is possible in |
mature phloem sieve elements |
Solanum tuberosum; Nicotiana tabacum |
| end3p |
is essential for |
endocytosis |
|
| XA21 compartment |
resembles |
early endosome or recycling endosome |
Oryza sativa |
| vesicle formation |
is related to |
protein turnover or recycling of (SUT1, AT5G63020) protein |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| BFA treatment |
causes formation of |
vesicles in sieve elements |
Solanum tuberosum |
| XA21K736E |
can be internalized in presence of |
BFA or wortmannin |
Oryza sativa |
| actin-related protein (Arp)2/3 complex |
controls |
endocytic internalization of plasma membrane |
|
| PIN2-EosFP |
internalizes in response to and is photoconverted in |
BFA and BFA-compartment-localized |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| regulation of endocytosis |
is essential in |
plant cells under challenging biotic or abiotic environmental conditions |
|
| ARF-GTPases |
are involved in |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
|
| medium subunit of the tetrameric (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) |
acts as core of |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) machinery |
|
| small bright intracellular FM4-64 puncta with TGN/EE localization |
visible after short exposure of root cells to |
FM4-64 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CPI |
is required for |
endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BFA treatment |
resulted in formation of |
typical compartments containing (SUT1, AT5G63020) |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| elevated density of YFP-CESA6 particles in μ2-1 prc1-1 background |
likely results from |
reduction in endocytosis of CESAs due to lack of μ2 function |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tonic cycling |
is suggested by |
calyculin A-accelerated endocytosis without glucose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 2% D-glucose treatment for 3 days |
results in |
over 60% (ATRGS1, RGS1, AT3G26090) internalization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ADL1, ADL1A, AG68, DL1, DRP1A, RSW9, AT5G42080) |
colocalizes with |
clathrin light chain (CLC) |
|
| GFP–RSL1 and (ATVTI12, VTI12, VTI1B, AT1G26670) /WAVE13 co-localization |
suggests |
GFP–RSL1 can recycle from the plasma membrane via the endocytic pathway |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| (ADL1, ADL1A, AG68, DL1, DRP1A, RSW9, AT5G42080) function in endocytosis |
is required to restrict |
lateral diffusion of KNOLLE to the plane of cell division |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| uptake of FM4-64 |
can be quantified under |
short exposure conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transient formation and disappearance of μ2-YFP particles synchronized with disappearance of mCherry-CESA6 fluorescence |
suggest that |
μ2-YFP and mCherry-CESA6 are functionally associated at plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ToxA uptake |
occurs via |
receptor-mediated-like endocytosis |
|
| SNARE family proteins |
show increased levels of |
mRNA |
|
| endocytosis of membrane-intrinsic proteins |
is followed by |
degradation or recycling to the PM |
|
| clathrin-dependent endocytosis |
is well characterized in |
plants |
|
| plant RLKs |
display |
diverse endocytosis behavior |
|
| K63-polyubiquitylation |
does not seem to be a prerequisite for |
endocytosis per se |
|
| CME proteins |
has been extensively characterized in |
mammals |
|
| phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) |
modulates endocytosis of |
PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased number of YFP-CESA6 particles at plasma membrane in μ2-1 prc1-1 background |
could result from |
reduced endocytosis of CESAs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| brittle culm3 (bc3) mutant |
was mapped to |
OsDRP2A |
Oryza sativa |
| (AP4M, AT4G24550) |
associates with |
(ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) |
|
| medium subunit of the tetrameric (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) |
concomitantly recruits |
accessory proteins |
|
| medium subunit of the tetrameric (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) |
concomitantly recruits |
clathrin triskelia |
|
| clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) |
is |
best-characterized type of endocytosis in eukaryotic cells |
|
| clathrin-independent endocytosis mechanisms |
exist in |
Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dynamin-related proteins |
is encoded by |
Arabidopsis genome |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clathrin-independent pathways |
are less well investigated |
understanding of endocytosis |
|
| (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
undergo |
endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| control strain SUSY7 |
shows |
internalization of SUT1–GFP in response to BFA treatment |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| end3p |
interacts with |
DRM structures |
|
| K63-polyubiquitylation |
does not seem to be a prerequisite for |
endocytosis |
|
| (112A-2A, EMB30, GN, GNOM, MIZ2, VAN7, AT1G13980) |
localizes to |
elements of the endocytic pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana benthamiana |
| GFP–RABA1b Q72L or GFP–RABA1b S27N expression |
was examined for effect on |
FM4-64 uptake |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GTP-fixed (ATRABA1B, BEX5, RAB11, RABA1b, AT1G16920) mutant |
does not affect |
endocytosis of FM4-64 dye |
|
| (AtKAT1, KAT1, AT5G46240) puncta dissolution |
is marked by |
substantial increase in mobility and endocytosis of channels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| green-to-red photoconvertible fluorescent reporter EosFP |
demonstrates |
constitutive endocytosis of PIN auxin efflux carriers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Tyrphostin A23 presence |
only FM4-64 accumulated in BFA compartments while |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) retained at plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| S. cerevisiae (RIC1, AT2G33460) |
is |
guanine exchange factor involved in activating Ypt6p GTPase |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| animal dynamin |
has no direct interaction with |
cargo proteins, such as receptors or transporters |
|
| endocytosis |
appeared to be particularly active in |
quiescent center |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| different other ROP homologs |
perform distinct functions in |
PIN endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FLS2-GFP internalization |
is significantly reduced in |
(UBC13A, UBC35, AT1G78870) (AtUBC36, UBC13B, UBC36, AT1G16890) background |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BY-2 cells |
is used as model for |
plant endocytosis |
|
| ROS production |
has been associated with triggering |
endocytotic events |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HUB1, RDO4, AT2G44950) (C-terminal part of clathrin heavy chain) |
exerts dominant negative effect on |
clathrin function |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| disruption of spatial organization and proper function of apical F-actin |
results in |
inhibition of apical endocytosis |
|
| (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) |
becomes specifically internalized into highly mobile vesicles upon addition of |
flg22 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TE |
is |
trafficking and endocytosis inhibitor |
|
| (AGC1-1, D6PK, AT5G55910) |
becomes visible in |
cytosol |
|
| cell-plate formation |
relies on |
sterol-dependent endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GN |
has a role in |
control of endocytosis at the plasma membrane |
|
| 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA) treatment |
inhibits |
FM4-64 uptake |
|
| meristematic cells other than protophloem |
have |
low endocytosis rate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| latrunculin B treatment |
induced |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) accumulation in BFA bodies |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cell-plate formation |
relies on |
DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN1A (ADL1, ADL1A, AG68, DL1, DRP1A, RSW9, AT5G42080) -dependent endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| low concentrations of wortmannin (10–25 nM) |
does not affect |
Vps34p endocytosis in yeast |
|
| AtPMEI-2 |
is trapped in |
BFA-induced endosomal aggregates |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clathrin- and microdomain-dependent endocytic pathways |
cooperatively regulate |
(ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) dynamics |
|
| effectors |
may induce |
endocytosis |
|
| clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) |
is |
major endocytic pathway in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clathrin H chain |
is encoded by |
Arabidopsis genome |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| μ2-1 cells |
exhibited approximately 45% decrease in |
FM4-64 internalization compared with wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| μ2 mediates internalization of CESAs |
would be expected to affect |
distribution of CESAs at plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sterols |
have role in |
internalization of membrane structures |
|
| filipin application |
reduces |
internalization of FM4-64 |
|
| Wortmannin (Wm) |
interferes with |
maturation of late endosomes and multivesicular bodies |
|
| StSUT1 |
undergoes endocytosis in |
sieve elements |
Solanum tuberosum; Nicotiana tabacum |
| (ACR4, CR4, AT3G59420) and (ATDEK1, DEK1, EMB1275, EMB80, AT1G55350) |
are regulated by |
ligand-induced endocytosis |
Zea mays |
| non-elongating root hairs |
did not internalize and accumulate |
FM4-64 |
|
| PIN auxin transporters |
activity is regulated by |
constitutive cycling between plasma membrane and endosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clathrin-independent mechanisms |
may occur via |
lipid rafts |
|
| changes in cellular sterol composition by filipin |
reduce |
LeEix2 internalization |
|
| sterols |
might be involved in |
nonclathrin endocytosis |
|
| general endocytic efficiency of μ2-1 and wild-type seedlings |
quantified in |
root epidermal cells after 8.5-min exposure to 2 μM FM4-64 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| temporal behavior of colocalized μ2-YFP and mCherry-CESA6 particles |
observed |
transient formation and disappearance of μ2-YFP particles synchronized with disappearance or depletion of mCherry-CESA6 fluorescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| filipin application |
reduces |
internalization of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
|
| PIRE |
facilitates |
endocytosis of (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) |
|
| higher density of YFP-CESA6 at plasma membrane in μ2-1 mutant seedlings |
may result from |
endocytosis defect of μ2-1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CRINKLY4 (ACR4, CR4, AT3G59420) |
colocalizes with |
SUPERNUMERARY ALEURONE LAYERS1 (ALX8, AtFRY1, ATSAL1, FRY1, HOS2, OLD101, RON1, SAL1, SUPO1, AT5G63980) |
Zea mays |
| cholesterol |
has important role in |
internalization steps through clathrin-coated pits |
|
| sterols and sphingolipids |
are responsible for |
functionality in endocytic pathway |
|
| FM4-64 dye |
is thought to enter |
secretory pathway by endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Wortmannin (Wm) |
interferes with |
formation of endocytic vesicles from the plasma membrane |
|
| raft-like microdomains |
were previously linked to |
endocytosis |
|
| StSUT1–GFP |
can be found at |
internalization sites |
|
| PM-bound XA21 |
can be internalized in presence of |
BFA or wortmannin |
Oryza sativa |
| (AtBOR1, BOR1, AT2G47160) |
is endocytosed in |
monoubiquitylated state |
|
| (ARA-7, ARA7, atARA7, ATRAB-F2B, ATRAB5B, ATRABF2B, RAB-F2B, RABF2B, AT4G19640) |
present on |
late endosomes in various cell types |
|
| clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
takes place in |
sub-apical region of pollen tube |
|
| endocytosis |
is required to bring activated receptors to |
endosome |
|
| EIX |
triggers localization of LeEix2 receptor to |
endosomes |
Nicotiana tabacum; Solanum lycopersicum |
| vesicle transport v-SNARE |
show increased levels of |
mRNA |
|
| plant sterols |
are internalized into |
endosomes |
|
| sterols |
might be involved in |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
|
| 5-h treatment of roots in a solution containing β-estradiol |
caused |
apical cytoplasmic space of elongating root hairs contained FM4-64 fluorescence significantly less |
|
| (ATRGS1, RGS1, AT3G26090) |
co-trafficked with |
endosomal markers that reside in early to late endosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| substitution of the conserved Thr residues |
inhibits |
NIP5;1 endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endocytic processes |
require |
membrane components that form transport vesicles |
|
| clathrin-coated pits |
serve as |
internalization platforms for plasma membrane-associated molecules and cargo |
|
| lack of B |
results in |
inhibition of endocytosis |
|
| MoEnd3-mediated endocytosis |
is responsible for internalization of |
noncanonical (GCR2, GPCR, AT1G52920) Pth11 |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) complex component |
is first to visualize in |
living plant cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GFP–RABA1b Q72L or GFP–RABA1b S27N expression |
had no significant effect on |
FM4-64 internalization kinetics |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SlCPI activity |
affects |
endocytosis |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| clathrin-dependent endocytic pathways |
is |
focus of endocytosis and plant trafficking research |
|
| inducibly overexpressed PCaP2–GFP |
suppressed |
FM4-64 internalization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inducibly overexpressed (MAP18, PCAP2, AT5G44610) –GFP derivative lacking the N23 domain |
did not suppress |
FM4-64 internalization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (MAP18, PCAP2, AT5G44610) ∆23 overexpression induction |
did not affect |
formation of PIN2–GFP-containing BFA bodies |
|
| wild-type AtRGS1-YFP |
was localized to the plasma membrane and endocytosed upon |
D-glucose treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (MAP18, PCAP2, AT5G44610) overexpression |
was examined for effects on |
endocytic recycling of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
|
| PIN1-RFP coexpression with secreted AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 1 (ABP, ABP1, AT4G02980) ΔKDEL-GFP |
results in strong internalization of |
PIN1-RFP |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| pPLAIIγ-YFP |
co-localizes with |
endocytic tracer FM4-64 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| μ2 |
plays role in |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PtrXB38 localization in Golgi apparatus |
suggests that |
PtrXB38 may affect endocytosis pathway |
Populus tremula × Populus alba |
| 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA) treatment |
does not inhibit |
BFA-induced (AGC1-1, D6PK, AT5G55910) internalization |
|
| (ATWNK1, WNK1, ZIK4, AT3G04910) |
promotes clathrin-dependent endocytosis of |
potassium channels |
|
| AtWNK kinases |
phosphorylate |
(ATRGS1, RGS1, AT3G26090) |
|
| endosomes |
play a critical role in |
sorting the degradation or reutilization of membrane components |
|
| flg22-induced, BAK1-dependent (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) S-acylation |
prevents |
premature internalization of activated (ATFLS2, FLS2, AT5G63580) complexes |
|
| FM1-43 |
is used as |
endocytic tracer |
|
| (ATWNK1, WNK1, ZIK4, AT3G04910) |
promotes clathrin-dependent endocytosis of |
renal ion transporters |
|
| reduced expression of AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 1 (ABP, ABP1, AT4G02980) |
leads to reduced |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) internalization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 1 (ABP, ABP1, AT4G02980) exported from ER |
regulates |
endocytosis |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| 35S::ABP1 ΔKDEL-GFP expression in moderately expressing seedlings |
increased |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) internalization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN proteins |
are internalized by |
clathrin-based mechanism of endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATGPA1, GP ALPHA 1, GPA1, AT2G26300) (Q222L) mutation combined with (ATRGS1, RGS1, AT3G26090) (E320K) mutation |
failed to trigger |
(ATRGS1, RGS1, AT3G26090) (E320K) internalization under any condition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endocytosis |
has identified |
endocytic cargos |
|
| DN- (ARAC4, ATRAC4, ATROP2, ROP2, AT1G20090) (dominant negative ) |
coexpression increases |
endosome-like PIN1-GFP dots in cytoplasm |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dose-duration reciprocity |
operates above |
1% D-glucose concentration |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cholesterol |
has important role in |
internalization steps through caveolae |
|
| wortmannin treatment for 30 min prior to adding FM dye |
could inhibit endocytosis in |
apex of the pollen tube but not in tube shank |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| DRP2 gene family |
exhibits |
redundancy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FM4-64 |
binds to |
plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATRGS1, RGS1, AT3G26090) trafficking |
was measured in the absence of selected WNK kinases |
with and without 6% D-glucose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C-terminal truncation mutant (AtRGS1-ΔCtSA) |
was assayed for |
D-glucose dependent endocytosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATWNK8, EIP1, WNK8, AT5G41990) associated with (ATRGS1, RGS1, AT3G26090) at endosomes |
occurred within |
30 minutes of stimulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (MAP18, PCAP2, AT5G44610) binding to PtdIns(4,5)P2 on the plasma membrane |
may arrest |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
|
| (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) internalization |
is not indirect result of |
lobing defect |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SUT1, AT5G63020) raft localization |
is linked to |
capacity of (SUT1, AT5G63020) protein to be internalized by endocytosis |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| smooth (clathrin-independent) endocytosis |
occurs at |
extreme apex of pollen tube |
|
| (AP2, AtAP2, FL1, FLO2, AT4G36920) complex component |
is first to show affect of |
endocytosis in plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VPS23A:RFP and (TOL6, AT2G38410) |
are found in |
early endosomal structures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| In root parenchymal cells |
the number of vesicles in the lumen of the MVBs was slightly higher in |
mutant than in WT cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phospholipase D |
induces |
increase in clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
|
| endocytosis in plants |
is |
actin-dependent |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C-terminal μ-homology domain of μ2 (μ2MHD) |
involved in specific interactions with |
endocytic cargo proteins |
|
| FYVE-domain protein |
binds to and sequesters |
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate enriched endosomal membranes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| membrane potential of yeast plasma membrane |
is linked to |
capacity of (SUT1, AT5G63020) protein to be internalized by endocytosis |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| (ATBRI1, BIN1, BRI1, CBB2, DWF2, AT4G39400) |
constitutively endocytoses |
|
|
| EXPO (exocyst-positive organelle) |
is distinct from |
multivesicular endosomes |
|
| (AGC1-1, D6PK, AT5G55910) |
becomes internalized into |
FM4-64-labeled endosomes |
|
| (ATIRT1, IRT1, AT4G19690) and (AtBOR1, BOR1, AT2G47160) |
are endocytosed in |
monoubiquitylated state without K63-linked polyubiquitylation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endocytotic cycling |
provides |
necessary spatial and temporal dimensions to signaling |
|
| (ATBRI1, BIN1, BRI1, CBB2, DWF2, AT4G39400) and (ATBAK1, ATSERK3, BAK1, ELG, RKS10, SERK3, AT4G33430) |
endocytose from |
membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BFA pre-treatment of potato leaf tissue |
results in |
punctuate structures in sieve elements labeled with SUT1-specific antibody |
Solanum tuberosum |
| inhibitor studies affecting vesicle trafficking |
concluded that |
(SUT1, AT5G63020) can be internalized in an actin-dependent manner |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| XA21–GFP and XA21 K736E–GFP-containing organelles |
are likely the same as |
early endosomes containing mRFP–SCAMP1 |
Oryza sativa |
| sterol composition of yeast plasma membrane |
is linked to |
capacity of (SUT1, AT5G63020) protein to be internalized by endocytosis |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| endocytic pathways |
differ in |
participation of different proteins |
|
| pLat52:TPLATE-GS yellow transgenic line |
shows |
dynamic recruitment of TPLATE-GS yellow at plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BFA (brefeldin A) treatment |
induces |
internalization of SUT1–GFP |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| (SUT1, AT5G63020) internalization |
is actin-dependent |
actin |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| uptake and trafficking of FM4-64 dye |
occurs more slowly in |
DDYM mutant |
Sorghum bicolor |
| some aggregates of FM4-64 vesicles |
did not show |
Brownian motion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| XA21 |
can be internalized via |
SCAMP-positive early endosomal compartment |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATIRT1, IRT1, AT4G19690) and (AtBOR1, BOR1, AT2G47160) |
lack |
K63-linked polyubiquitylation |
|
| TGN |
is now considered to be |
independent and endocytic compartment of plant cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| StSUT1 |
localizes to |
vesicles |
Solanum tuberosum |
| sieve elements |
demonstrate capability for |
endocytosis |
Solanum tuberosum; Nicotiana tabacum |
| BFA (brefeldin A) |
has no effect in |
yeast ergosterol mutant Δerg6 |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| wortmannin treatment |
increases |
cytosolic vesicles containing XA21–GFP |
Oryza sativa |
| FER-mediated endocytosis |
mediates |
root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| brefeldin A (BFA) |
disrupts |
endocytosis |
|
| internalization signals |
are present in |
plasma membrane cargo proteins |
|
| (AtKAT1, KAT1, AT5G46240) |
undergoes endocytosis in |
plants |
|
| TOL6:Ven localization |
indicated by |
signal overlaps with endocytosed styryl dye FM4-64 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BFA treatment |
induces accumulation of |
(SUT1, AT5G63020) in BFA compartments |
Solanum tuberosum |
| (SUT1, AT5G63020) association to raft-like structures |
is interdependent with |
capacity of (SUT1, AT5G63020) to be internalized |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Nicotiana tabacum |
| Δend3 mutant |
is defective in |
endocytosis |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| endocytic processes |
occur in |
plants |
|
| StSUT1 |
is internalized in presence of |
brefeldin A (BFA) |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Nicotiana tabacum; Solanum tuberosum |
| (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
undergoes endocytosis in |
plants |
|
| actin cytoskeleton |
is essential for |
internalization step of endocytosis |
|
| TOL6:mCherry |
is also found in |
endocytic membrane fractions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FM4-64 internalization |
is inhibited in |
sos1-1 root meristematic cells under salt stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MSBP1-deficient plants |
show decreased |
vesicle trafficking |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| K63-linked ubiquitin chains |
have been associated with |
endocytosis |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Mammalia; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| K63-linked ubiquitination |
fulfills important roles in |
endocytosis |
|
| SlCPI |
attenuates |
endocytosis |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| TyrA23 treatment |
leads to |
reduced internalization of endocytic vesicles from the plasma membrane |
|
| BFA effect in plants |
can affect |
endocytic processes |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana benthamiana |
| alterations in sterol composition that induce accumulation of cyclopropylsterols |
affect the release of |
(ADL1, ADL1A, AG68, DL1, DRP1A, RSW9, AT5G42080) from the membrane during endocytosis |
|
| sterol endocytic pathway |
has been shown to interrupt |
trafficking of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endocytosis of SlSUT1 in yeast cells |
depends on |
cortical actin cytoskeleton |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| cytoskeletal components |
are prerequisite for |
endocytic events |
|
| membrane rafts |
is suggested to be involved in |
endocytic process |
|
| 2% D-glucose treatment for 4 days |
increases |
(ATRGS1, RGS1, AT3G26090) internalization to 70% |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BFA treatment |
causes endocytosed PINs to accumulate in |
BFA compartments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGC1-1, D6PK, AT5G55910) removal from plasma membrane |
is much faster than |
PIN protein removal from plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (JK224, NPH1, PHOT1, RPT1, AT3G45780) |
is trafficking by |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
|
| FM4-64 |
can still be detected in |
BFA compartments |
|
| endocytic pathways |
differ in |
size, shape, and composition of endocytic vesicles |
|
| PMEI |
is internalized via |
clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
|
| PA probes |
colocalized with |
endocytic dye FM4-64 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Pep1-PEPR complex on plasma membrane |
is internalized and transported to |
vacuole |
Arabidopsis |
| findings regarding GN and (AGC1-1, D6PK, AT5G55910) |
do not support |
role for GN in control of endocytosis in the case of (AGC1-1, D6PK, AT5G55910) |
|
| RAB-A5c compartments |
fail to accumulate |
non-specific membrane dye FM4-64 |
|
| cytokinin perception |
might target |
endocytotic pathways |
|
| inhibition of apical endocytosis only |
results in |
swollen or balloon-like shape of pollen tube tip |
|
| wortmannin |
is used to inhibit |
endocytosis |
|