| cytokinin transporters |
regulate |
local cytokinin responses |
|
| guidance of infection thread (IT) progression |
might be mediated through restriction of |
cytokinin (CK) activity during infection thread (IT) growth |
Pisum sativum |
| absence of gibberellin (GA) |
led to increased |
cytokinin (CK) levels and response |
Pisum sativum |
| proteins directly involved in cytokinin-mediated subcellular (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) localization |
remain |
obscure |
|
| WT-GmBIR1 overexpression |
has significantly higher levels of |
cytokinins (cis-Z, trans-Z, DHZ, trans-ZR) |
Glycine max |
| ARR5pro:GUS reporter |
was crossed with |
azg1-1 and 35Spro:AZG1 plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gibberellin (GA) |
acts upstream of |
cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis and/or response |
Pisum sativum |
| pri- (MIR172C, AT3G11435) and mature |
show immediate response to |
exogenous cytokinin (BAP) treatment |
Glycine max |
| cytokinin (CK) signaling |
is involved in regulating |
several processes in plant growth and development |
|
| (ABCG14, AtABCG14, AT1G31770) |
is required for |
cytokinin-dependent processes in the shoot |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| trans-zeatin riboside-5′-phosphate (tZRP) level |
decreased significantly in response to |
cold stress |
Oryza sativa |
| reduced bud activation phenotype in hextuple type-A arr mutant |
is opposite to |
predicted phenotype based on established roles of type-A ARR proteins as negative regulators |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR3, AT1G59940) ,4,5,6,7,15 mutant |
buds are resistant to |
basal cytokinin (BA) effects |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TCSnpro:GFP expression in (ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) plants |
was heavily repressed in |
stele cells of the root meristematic zone |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CRL5 |
promotes |
adventitious root initiation |
Oryza sativa |
| cytokinin transporters |
regulate |
long-distance cytokinin responses |
|
| TCSn::GUS staining associated with branched IT of na |
extended through cortex of na mutants but was not associated with |
any cell divisions or differentiation |
Pisum sativum |
| 35Spro:AZG1 plants |
displayed more pronounced coloration in |
stele cells of the meristematic division zone and extending toward the elongation zone |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin perception |
is divided into |
plasma membrane-localized AHK receptors and ER-localized AHK receptors |
|
| PURINE PERMEASE 14 (ATPUP14, PUP14, AT1G19770) |
may directly relay |
cytokinin signaling responses |
|
| ARR5pro:GUS signal in wild-type plants |
was denser than |
(ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) × (ATAZG2, AZG2, AT5G50300) plants under low sodium chloride concentrations |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (IAA3, SHY2, AT1G04240) |
is regulated by |
cytokinin-mediated transcriptional regulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type A response regulators |
are up-regulated in response to |
cytokinins (CKs) |
Oryza sativa |
| primary root growth inhibition by trans-zeatin |
was restored in |
complementation line in the azg1-2 genetic background |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gibberellin (GA) |
may suppress |
cytokinin (CK) in the cortex |
Pisum sativum |
| BA (6-benzylaminopurine) treatment |
increased the amount of PIN3-GFP on basal plasma membrane by ~30% |
PIN3-GFP |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| miR4407-GmIPT3-CK module |
influences |
(MIR172C, AT3G11435) expression independently of GmNINa |
Glycine max |
| (LHW, AT2G27230) mutant |
shows |
restriction in cytokinin (CK) signaling domain |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin levels |
decreased significantly in response to |
cold stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gibberellins (GA) |
suppress |
CK-responsive TCSn promoter in the cortex |
Pisum sativum |
| CK-responsive TCSn::GUS construct |
was expressed in |
GA-deficient na mutants and WT roots |
Pisum sativum |
| gibberellin (GA) |
restricts |
cytokinin (CK) response in the cortex |
Pisum sativum |
| (MIR172C, AT3G11435) expression |
stays elevated for |
2 h post-BAP treatment |
Glycine max |
| ARR5pro:GUS signal in (ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) × (ATAZG2, AZG2, AT5G50300) plants |
was even more sensitive to |
sodium chloride |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pronounced overactivation of the cytokinin (CK) biosensor |
surrounds |
branched infection thread (IT) in gibberellin (GA)-deficient na roots |
Pisum sativum |
| 35Spro:AZG1 overexpressor line |
were hypersensitive to |
trans-zeatin hormone |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARR5pro:GUS-dependent staining in seedlings |
was |
cytokinin-dependent |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GmNINa induction level |
is barely over 1.5-fold and starts decreasing at 2 h |
BAP treatment time course |
Glycine max |
| cytokinin (CK) |
also functions via |
other mechanisms |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARR5pro:GUS staining distribution in azg1-1 plants |
was mainly restricted to |
root cap |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| StCyclin D3.1 levels in miR156 OE plants |
are increased up to approximately |
8-fold compared with wild-type plants |
potato |
| results from ARR5pro:GUS and TCSnpro:GFP analysis |
show |
relevance of (ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) in cytokinin mobilization within the root apical meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin (CK) levels and response |
is over-activated in |
na roots |
Pisum sativum |
| Oryza sativa response regulator1 (OsRR1) and OsRR2 |
were down-regulated under |
cold conditions and dehydration conditions |
Oryza sativa |
| (ERS, ERS1, AT2G40940) |
did not interact with |
AHPs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| His-Asp phosphorelay system |
plays important roles in |
cytokinin (CK) signaling |
Oryza sativa |
| SPY |
promotes |
cytokinin responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| greening/late-flowering phenotypes in imgi2 |
correlate with |
cytokinin response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BA (6-benzylaminopurine) treatment |
increased the amount of PIN7-GFP on basal plasma membrane by ~15% |
PIN7-GFP |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| trans-zeatin riboside-5′-phosphate (tZRP) level |
decreased significantly in response to |
dehydration stress |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATKO1, CYP701A3, GA3, AT5G25900) treatment |
is accompanied by |
down-regulation of cytokinin response genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsRR proteins |
might functionally differentiate in mediating |
diverse functions of cytokinin |
Oryza sativa |
| suppression of CK signaling pathway |
reduces |
CK status |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type-A Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs) |
function as |
negative regulators of cytokinin (CK) signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nitric oxide (NO) |
is involved in |
cytokinin signaling |
|
| cytokinin-treated (PAC, AT2G48120) and atd2 mutants |
may rely on utilization of |
different batteries of cytokinin-regulated genes |
|
| (WOX11, AT3G03660) |
interferes with |
cytokinin signaling element OsRR2 |
Oryza sativa |
| cytokinin (CK)-inducible Arabidopsis response regulator5 (ARR5, ATRR2, IBC6, RR5, AT3G48100) and (ARR6, AT5G62920) genes |
were down-regulated by |
dehydration or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| aberrant derepression of cytokinin signaling |
occurs during |
late plant development |
|
| increased cytokinin amount |
is accompanied by increased expression of |
cytokinin-responsive gene StCyclin D3.1 |
Solanum tuberosum |
| mutation of CK receptor genes |
reduces |
CK status |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) (type-B ARR) |
positively regulates |
cytokinin-induced gene expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HISTIDINE KINASE (AHK) receptor kinase family |
initiates |
phosphorelay cascade |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin (CK) response |
has |
some specificity, since (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) is unaffected |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsCKX4 |
is a direct binding target of |
OsRR2 |
Oryza sativa |
| (AtNPC4, NPC4, AT3G03530) |
is induced by |
cytokinin |
|
| cytokinin responses |
control |
leaf serration phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin fluoroprobe iP-NBD |
can track |
subcellular localizations of cytokinin receptors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| response of the triple (CDC73, PHP, AT3G22590) mutant |
was comparable with |
wild type in all aspects of this growth assay |
Oryza sativa |
| cytokinin |
plays opposite roles in regulation of |
shoot and root growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| isopentenyladenine (iP) level |
was significantly higher in |
cold-treated rice plants |
Oryza sativa |
| glycosylation of cytokinins |
typically reduces |
cytokinin activity |
|
| RMS1 |
is |
hypersensitive to cytokinin (CK) |
Pisum sativum |
| CK concentrations in roots of wild-type plants |
may be considered as higher than optimal for |
strong root growth |
|
| type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs) |
directly regulate |
transcription |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) ,4,7 triple mutant buds |
responded similarly to |
wild type in mock and basal BA treatments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GI and cytokinin-mediated signaling pathways |
are integrated by |
GA response inhibitor SPINDLY (SPY) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsRR4, OsRR9, and OsRR10 |
are up-regulated in |
ren1-D mutants |
Oryza sativa |
| enrichment of UGT, cytokinin oxidase, and type A response regulator transcripts |
suggests that |
laser-captured AI cell may be desensitized to cytokinin signaling |
Hieracium praealtum |
| (PAC, AT2G48120) treatment |
is accompanied by |
marked increase in cytokinin response gene expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BA (6-benzylaminopurine) treatment |
increased the amount of PIN1-GFP on basal plasma membrane by unchanged |
PIN1-GFP |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type A response regulators |
are activated by |
cytokinin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lowering the concentrations of (AtCKS, CKS, KDSB, AT1G53000) by genetic engineering |
suppresses the negative impact of CKs on |
root development |
|
| cytokinin-dependent transcription pathway |
is inactive in |
cold-treated and dehydration-treated rice plants |
Oryza sativa |
| roles of at least some cytokinin signaling elements |
are distinct between |
monocots and dicots |
|
| type-A RRs |
lack |
DNA-binding output domain |
|
| (AHP4, AT3G16360) protein |
plays |
negative role in various cytokinin responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| set of genes that are hyperregulated in response to cytokinin in the (CDC73, PHP, AT3G22590) triple mutant as compared with the wild type |
are consistent with |
role as negative regulators of cytokinin signaling |
Oryza sativa |
| isopentenyladenine (iP) level |
was slightly higher in |
dehydration-treated rice plants |
Oryza sativa |
| ETHYLENE RECEPTOR 1 (AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) |
interacts with |
His-containing phosphotransfer (AHP) proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) (ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 1) |
is |
type-B response regulator |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) |
is required for |
cytokinin perception and signaling |
|
| (ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) × (ATAZG2, AZG2, AT5G50300) double mutant |
shows changes in |
distribution of cytokinin (CK) signaling maxima after exposure to sodium chloride (NaCl) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LANCEOLATE (LA) |
plays an essential role in |
plant responses to CK |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| KD-GmBIR1 overexpression |
has significantly higher levels of |
trans-zeatin-type cytokinin |
Glycine max |
| very small number of developing nodules in na mutant roots |
had associated |
TCSn::GUS staining |
Pisum sativum |
| cytokinins |
regulate |
plant growth and development |
|
| (AHP4, AT3G16360) |
has been linked to |
secondary thickening of the anther endothecium |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ETHYLENE RECEPTOR 1 (AtETR1, EIN1, ETR, ETR1, RDO3, AT1G66340) |
interacts with |
response regulatory (ARR) proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| stimulation of lateral root elongation by CK in rice |
suggests |
CK functions are generally quite similar between monocots and dicots |
Oryza sativa |
| type-A Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs) |
act as |
negative regulators of cytokinin signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| multiple signaling pathways for cytokinin |
regulate |
bud outgrowth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| basal BA (6-benzylaminopurine) |
activates |
buds |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsCKX2 |
was down-regulated in |
OX-Ghd7 HJ19 plants |
Oryza sativa |
| OsCKX4 |
is a direct binding target of |
OsRR3 |
Oryza sativa |
| ren1-D mutants |
are less sensitive to |
exogenous cytokinin |
Oryza sativa |
| type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 1 (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) |
binds to |
promoters of cytokinin up-regulated genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtNPC4, NPC4, AT3G03530) transcription |
is enhanced when plants are grown in |
5 μM zeatin-supplemented medium for 14 d |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| trace expression of (ACR2, ARATH;CDC25, AtACR2, CDC25, AT5G03455) |
simultaneously restrains signal transduction of |
cytokinin |
Triticum aestivum |
| (AtNPC4, NPC4, AT3G03530) transcription |
increases after 3 h of treatment with |
5 μM zeatin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of type-A response regulator (ARR-A) |
suppresses |
cytokinin-mediated signal transduction |
Triticum aestivum |
| genes downregulated in the mutant |
23% overlapped with |
genes repressed in wild-type roots in response to exogenous cytokinin |
Oryza sativa |
| elevated expression of type-A RRs in (CDC73, PHP, AT3G22590) triple mutant roots |
consistent with |
upregulation of cytokinin signaling in the mutant |
Oryza sativa |
| strong vascular hypertrophy in host tissue beneath infection sites |
likely depends on |
presence of cytokinins |
Rhodococcus fascians |
| pathogen-derived (AtCKS, CKS, KDSB, AT1G53000) |
may affect |
distant plant tissues |
|
| pathogen-derived (AtCKS, CKS, KDSB, AT1G53000) |
may affect |
meristems |
|
| higher cytokinin levels |
affects |
hypocotyl growth responses and senescence programs |
|
| intracellular hexose transport |
may play a role in |
cytokinin signaling pathway of cell cycle control |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KISS ME DEADLY 1/2/3 |
target for degradation |
ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rice PHPs |
regulate |
inflorescence architecture |
Oryza sativa |
| P (NPC3, AT3G03520) and P (AtNPC4, NPC4, AT3G03530) seedlings |
were treated with |
trans-zeatin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| A9:u-ATP9 and AP3:u-ATP9 transgenic lines |
show increased expression of |
Arabidopsis response regulator 2 (ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin signaling levels |
gradually increase along the maturing root |
maturing root |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phosphorylated type-B Arabidopsis Response Regulators (ARRs) binding to a subset of DNA regions |
leads to |
transcriptional repression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| trans-zeatin (tZ) concentrations |
were higher in |
NIL ali-1 than in NIL ALI-1 |
Triticum aestivum |
| canonical cytokinin signaling pathway |
is inhibited by |
type-A RRs |
|
| genes downregulated in response to 5 µ m BA |
only approximately half were downregulated at |
lower BA concentration |
Oryza sativa |
| effects of the (CDC73, PHP, AT3G22590) mutations on gene expression |
indicate |
redundant role as negative regulators of endogenous cytokinin signaling |
Oryza sativa |
| osnam-1 mutant |
has |
not significantly altered cytokinin-related gene expression |
Oryza sativa |
| few genes |
are not cytokinin induced in php1,2,3 that show a substantial level of expression that are not constitutively upregulated in php1,2,3 mutant roots |
|
Oryza sativa |
| proteome profiling |
can provide |
valuable complementary information regarding molecular mechanisms linking cytokinin signals and their diverse effects |
|
| 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) |
strongly induces accumulation of |
MAIF1 mRNA |
Oryza sativa |
| Awn Length Inhibitor 1 (ALI-1) |
restrains |
cytokinin signal transduction |
|
| genes downregulated in response to 100 n m BA |
most of the genes were also downregulated in response to |
5 µ m BA in wild-type roots |
Oryza sativa |
| disruption of the three rice PHPs |
includes induction of |
cytokinin oxidase genes |
Oryza sativa |
| trans-zeatin nucleoside (tZR) levels |
were lower in |
NIL ALI-1 lines |
Triticum aestivum |
| cytokinin signaling |
has been primarily studied in |
Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type-B RRs |
mediate |
transcriptional response to cytokinin |
|
| genes encoding rice pseudo His phosphotransfer (PHP) proteins |
were examined for role in |
cytokinin signaling |
Oryza sativa |
| set of genes |
are differentially regulated in response to cytokinin in wild-type roots, but are not regulated in the php triple mutant in response to either concentration of cytokinin |
|
Oryza sativa |
| numerous genes |
are regulated by cytokinin specifically at |
elevated concentrations |
Oryza sativa |
| PHPs |
do not affect |
type- ARR gene expression at the elevated cytokinin levels |
Oryza sativa |
| compensatory upregulation of negative regulators |
suggests |
potential functional redundancy among negative regulators |
Oryza sativa |
| trans-zeatin (tZ) |
is |
primary active cytokinin component in NILs |
Triticum aestivum |
| disruption of the three rice PHPs |
includes induction of |
type-A RR genes |
Oryza sativa |
| PHPs |
similar to the proposed role of |
(AHP6, HP6, AT1G80100) gene in Arabidopsis |
Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CK binding to AHKs |
leads to |
piston-type domain motion |
|
| CLV1a/b and RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (CLI1, RPK2, TOAD2, AT3G02130) paralogues |
have distinct interaction with |
cytokinin responses |
Physcomitrium |
| cytokinin signaling |
has relatively little work done in |
monocots |
|
| altered cytokinin levels |
could have profound effects on |
panicle development in rice |
Oryza sativa |
| SCARECROW (SCR, SGR1, AT3G54220) in meristem |
promotes mitotic activity mainly by suppressing |
cytokinin response |
|
| ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE-CONTAINING PHOSPHOTRANSMITTER 1 (AHP1, AT3G21510) |
gene expression was tested at |
different stages of development of perennial zone (PZ) and annual zone (AZ) |
Arabis alpina |
| high responsiveness of perennial zone (PZ) to cytokinins |
confirms |
cytokinins play important role in differentiation of perennial zone (PZ) |
Arabis alpina |
| ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE2/4 ( (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) /4) receptors |
mediates |
localized cytokinin (CK) signaling in the organizing center (OC) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MONOPTEROS (MP) |
positively influences |
cytokinin (CK) signaling inputs |
|
| CK-induced susceptibility |
is linked to |
early, (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) and AHK4-dependent, transcriptional reprogramming |
|
| cytokinin levels |
decreased significantly in response to |
dehydration stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin (CK) |
affects |
plasma membrane levels of (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type-A response regulators (RRs) |
are |
cytokinin primary response genes |
|
| overrepresentation of cytokinin response |
was observed in |
drought- and drought recovery-upregulated DEGs of leaves |
Glycine max |
| Trehalose phosphate synthases (TPSs) |
are regulated at the gene level by |
cytokinin |
|
| phosphorylated type-B Arabidopsis Response Regulators (ARRs) binding to accessible regions |
leads to gained accessibility in most of regions |
chromatin accessibility |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
is |
primary cytokinin perception site |
|
| GFP-tagged (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) |
colocalization study with iP-NBD suggests |
cytokinin receptor resides in PM and vesicles in addition to ER |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cis-zeatin (cZ) |
shows lower bio-activity in |
Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AHPs (authentic His phosphotransfer proteins) |
act as intermediates in the transfer of phosphate from |
HKs to downstream RRs |
|
| expression of multiple type-A RRs ( (ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) RR4, RR6, RR9, and (ARR10, RR10, AT4G31920) ) |
was elevated in |
(CDC73, PHP, AT3G22590) triple mutant roots as compared with the wild type |
Oryza sativa |
| (AtCKS, CKS, KDSB, AT1G53000) |
are perceived by |
integral transmembrane proteins with histidine kinase activity |
|
| (ARR7, AT1G19050) /15 |
negatively feedback on |
cytokinin (CK) signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 4 (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) |
gene expression was tested at |
different stages of development of perennial zone (PZ) and annual zone (AZ) |
Arabis alpina |
| PsERF1a, PsERF1b, PsERF3a, and PsERF12 transcription levels in plum |
are accelerated in response to |
cytokinin application |
Prunus salicina |
| phosphorylated AHP proteins |
activate |
transcription of cyclin-inducible ARR genes |
|
| cytokinin in submergence adaptation |
is not well understood |
knowledge gap |
|
| Arabidopsis genome |
encodes |
three partially redundant Histidine Kinases (HKs): Arabidopsis (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) 3 (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) and 4 (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BIG protein |
is involved in |
cytokinin sensitivity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| extracellular cytokinins |
elicit |
signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fewer genes |
were identified as downregulated in response to cytokinin in wild-type rice roots |
|
Oryza sativa |
| genes upregulated in the (CDC73, PHP, AT3G22590) mutant |
nearly no overlap between |
downregulated by cytokinin in wild-type roots |
Oryza sativa |
| phosphorylated type-B RRs |
induce expression of |
CK-responsive genes |
|
| cytokinin overproduction |
increased |
adaptability to dehydration in various plants |
|
| cytokinin-related genes |
are represented in |
enriched Gene Ontology terms |
Arabis alpina |
| cytokinin |
has |
perception and signal transduction mechanisms |
|
| free tZ base |
travels from root to shoot to activate |
long-distance cytokinin responses |
|
| WUSCHEL (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) |
directly represses |
A-type Arabidopsis Response Regulator 5 (ARR5, ATRR2, IBC6, RR5, AT3G48100) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type-A and type-B RRs (response regulators) |
receive |
CK signals |
|
| trehalose phosphate phosphatases |
are regulated at the gene level by |
cytokinin |
|
| localized cytokinin (CK) signaling in the organizing center (OC) |
activates |
WUSCHEL (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SCARECROW (SCR, SGR1, AT3G54220) |
promotes root growth by suppressing |
cytokinin response |
|
| active cytokinin (CK) |
acts via |
(AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) /4 receptors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARABIDOPSIS HISTINE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE6 (AHP6, HP6, AT1G80100) |
cell-autonomously blocks |
cytokinin signaling in the protoxylem position |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytoplasmic SPY |
specifically mediates |
cytokinin responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| trans-zeatin (tZ) levels |
were much lower in |
NIL ALI-1 |
Triticum aestivum |
| cytokinin signaling elements |
are conserved between |
monocots and dicots |
|
| rice PHPs |
regulate |
seed fill |
Oryza sativa |
| cytokinin signaling pathway |
is involved in |
regulation of chloroplast development in the root |
|
| auxin |
down-regulates |
(ARR7, AT1G19050) |
|
| cytokinin treatment |
resulted in identification of |
early cytokinin response phosphoproteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| locally produced cytokinin in the xylem identity cells |
diffuses to |
neighboring procambial cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| A-type Arabidopsis Response Regulators (ARRs) 5, 6, 7 and 15 |
negatively regulate |
cytokinin (CK) signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN3 (ASL9, LBD3, AT1G16530) and LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN4 (LBD4, AT1G31320) |
are downstream of |
cytokinin signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| trans-zeatin (tZ) |
is required for |
etioplast CBP70 activation of transcription |
Zea mays |
| type-A ARRs |
act as |
negative regulators of the primary signal transduction pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| two-component system |
is composed of |
histidine kinase and response regulator ARR |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| exogenous treatments with cytokinin |
may delay |
senescence of cut flowers |
|
| (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) and (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) |
act as |
CK receptors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinins |
linked to control of |
axillary shoot development |
|
| HECATE1 (HEC1, AT5G67060) |
negatively influences cytokinin (CK) signaling inputs through repression of |
A-type ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS (A-type ARRs) |
|
| CK-induced susceptibility |
is mainly activated at |
submicromolar CK levels |
|
| phosphorylation of type-B Arabidopsis Response Regulators (ARRs) |
leads to |
activation of type-B Arabidopsis Response Regulators (ARRs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Physcomitrella |
has signaling components and shows tissue responses to |
cytokinin |
Physcomitrella patens |
| 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) treatment |
induces GUS activity at |
lateral root formation sites and root tips |
Oryza sativa |
| overproduction of cytokinins in petunia flowers transformed with PSAG12-IPT |
delays |
corolla senescence |
|
| genes regulated by zeatin |
show no significant enrichment in |
gpa1-1-affected genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| all AHKs |
bind to |
tZ |
|
| genes upregulated in the (CDC73, PHP, AT3G22590) triple mutant |
50% overlapped with |
genes induced by cytokinin in the wild-type roots |
Oryza sativa |
| analyses of bacterial sensor histidine kinases and gain-of-function variants |
provide |
working model for activation of CK signaling |
|
| cytokinin signaling |
is modulated by |
ARR family of transcription factors |
|
| 35S:SUP plants |
show phenotypes suggesting |
cytokinin signalling might also be affected |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| wild-type tobacco seedlings |
grown in 100 μM BAP |
seedling growth arrested early |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| type-A Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs) |
function to suppress |
cytokinin signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Brassica oleracea (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) (BoSTM) |
activation of |
(ARR5, ATRR2, IBC6, RR5, AT3G48100) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinins |
are believed to play a major role in delaying |
senescence |
|
| nitrite treatment |
increases |
cytokinin levels |
Oryza sativa |
| perception of bacterial cytokinins by plants |
is absolutely essential for |
leafy gall induction on all hosts |
|
| CK binding to CHASE domain |
induces |
signal transduction through His–Asp phosphorelay |
|
| cytokinins |
influence |
plant growth and development |
|
| wooden leg (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) mutant |
has |
decreased vascular cell file numbers in the root meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SPT, AT4G36930) activation of CYCLIN-Ds in medial tissues of ovary |
presumably supports |
CK activity in CMM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR6, AT5G62920) |
belongs to |
type A ARR family |
|
| cytokinin perception and signalling |
apparently evolved from |
bacterial two-component phosphorelays |
|
| rise of the pH value in the ER lumen |
may activate |
cytokinin-dependent intracellular multistep phosphorelay |
|
| cytokinin signal |
is perceived through |
three membrane-located histidine kinase receptors ( (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) and (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) ) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin-dependent mechanism |
may be primarily responsible for |
accessory inhibition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin-induced ABA-responsive chromatin regions (ACRs) |
exhibit |
only a limited number of regions with decreased accessibility |
|
| (AHP6, HP6, AT1G80100) |
interferes with |
cytokinin signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SUP expression |
stimulates ARR5 promoter activity |
in absence of exogenously applied cytokinin |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| global genome expression profiling of cytokinin action |
yielded |
genome-wide view of changes in abundance of cytokinin-responsive transcripts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinins |
bind to |
Arabidopsis sensor hybrid histidine kinases (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) and (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| effect of SUPERMAN (SUP) on cell growth and proliferation |
involves the modulation of |
cytokinin-regulated processes |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| SUPERMAN (SUP) |
stimulates expression from |
cytokinin-inducible (ARR5, ATRR2, IBC6, RR5, AT3G48100) promoter |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| several proteins |
were previously not known to respond to |
CK in dark-grown seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| data |
support |
role for the (AXR1, AT1G05180) (AtTIR1, TIR1, AT3G62980) /cytokinin pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rapid alterations of the phosphoproteome following cytokinin treatment |
have been examined in |
moss Physcomitrella patens |
Physcomitrella patens |
| proteomic analysis |
was applied to identify |
early cytokinin response proteins and phosphoproteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| binding of cytokinins to Arabidopsis sensor hybrid histidine kinases (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) and (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) |
initiates |
phosphorelay |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy-associated Atg8 proteins |
are associated with |
cytokinin activity |
|
| histidine-containing phosphotransmitters |
mediate transmission of |
CK signals from the receptor to nuclear response regulators |
|
| root cap removal |
does not per se affect |
growth inhibition controlled by cytokinin |
Zea mays |
| cold treatment |
up-regulated expression of |
cytokinin-regulated gene |
|
| cis-zeatin riboside (cZR) |
is recognized by |
CK receptors |
|
| cis-zeatin riboside (cZR) |
lacks |
physiological activity in most CK bioassays |
|
| cytokinin external application |
leads to formation of |
GFP–AtAtg8-containing structures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AHF histidine protein kinases |
phosphorylate |
(AHP1, AT3G21510) 2, 3, 4, and 5 |
|
| effect of cytokinin treatment |
was significantly higher for |
Ps-ERF1b and -3a (∼26-fold) than Ps-ERF1a and -12 (∼8-fold) |
Prunus salicina |
| negative regulators of both cytokinin signaling (type-A RRs) and cytokinin levels (CKX) |
are upregulated in |
(CDC73, PHP, AT3G22590) triple mutants in the absence of exogenous cytokinin |
Oryza sativa |
| rice PHPs |
are not induced by |
auxin |
Oryza sativa |
| type-A RRs |
serve as |
negative-feedback control |
|
| zeatin riboside (ZR) level |
fully recovers after |
3 d of N resupply |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin ribosides |
possess |
their own hormonal activity |
|
| exogenous application of cytokinins (CKs) or overexpression of ipt gene |
detected |
proteins responsive to changes in cytokinin (CK) production |
|
| responses of 15 phosphoprotein spots |
were lower in all three double mutants than in |
wild-type plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| yellowing of young leaves phenotype |
is reminiscent of |
mutants with altered cytokinin content and signalling |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| UP9C promoter |
contains |
responsive cis-elements for cytokinins |
|
| (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) |
acts as |
CK receptor |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ipt transcript levels |
correlates with |
inhibition of hypocotyl elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| humid air treatment |
was previously shown to reduce |
cytokinin content and activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CK signalling |
is restricted by |
(HEC1, AT5G67060) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| zeatin (Z) |
is |
major cytokinin form in Cistus albidus seeds |
Cistus albidus |
| mEL5 mutants |
showed increased sensitivity to |
exogenous cytokinin |
Oryza sativa |
| cytokinin receptor histidine kinases |
are activated by |
cytokinins |
|
| cytokinin sensitivity in the procambium |
is heightened by |
(AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) overexpression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ectopic expression of PHB::GFP caused by specific depletion of cytokinin (CK) at the transition zone (TZ) |
confirms that |
cytokinin (CK) prevents (ATHB-14, ATHB14, PHB, PHB-1D, AT2G34710) expression in the transition zone (TZ) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| other type-B ARRs ( (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) (ARR10, RR10, AT4G31920) and (ARR12, AtARR12, RR12, AT2G25180) ) |
showed no significant change when overexpressed |
(CCS52A1, FZR2, AT4G22910) promoter activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased cytokinin levels |
possibly by upregulation of |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TCS pro:GFP expression |
is weak in procambium zone of |
2 days after bolting in all three genetic backgrounds |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs) repression |
therefore |
CK response |
|
| TARGET OF MONOPTEROS5/LONESOME HIGHWAY ( (ATAIG1, BHLH32, TMO5, AT3G25710) /LSW) transcription factor dimer |
regulates |
root hair length (RHL) and density from xylem via cytokinin signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) |
acts on |
primary root elongation processes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) double cytokinin receptor mutant |
does not respond phenotypically to |
Rhodococcus fascians |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MtCLE13 |
acts downstream of |
NIN |
Medicago truncatula |
| 35S:CKX2 plants |
have significantly reduced |
root hair length |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Class-2 Hbs |
expression is up-regulated by |
cytokinins |
|
| root-derived cytokinins |
failed to influence |
shoot physiology in the expected way |
tobacco |
| (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) and (ARR12, AtARR12, RR12, AT2G25180) |
redundantly mediate |
repression of (LAX2, AT2G21050) by cytokinin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| negative regulation of (LAX2, AT2G21050) by cytokinin |
is dependent on |
(ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) and (ARR12, AtARR12, RR12, AT2G25180) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 4 (LBD4, AT1G31320) |
transcriptional induction occurs in presence of |
protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin (CK) signaling repression |
precedes |
proliferative arrest (PA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin (CK) |
is sufficient to revert |
proliferative arrest (PA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TCSn signal in arrested SAMs and primordia 4 weeks after bolting (wab) |
was almost undetectable in |
arrested shoot apical meristems (SAMs) and primordia |
|
| HV |
increases |
cytokinin receptor kinase transcripts in fruit |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| cytokinins |
are believed to play a major role in promoting |
cell division |
|
| application of cytokinins to leaves |
could mitigate |
symptoms from xylem transport interruption |
|
| zeatin treatment |
triggers formation of |
special GFP-fluorescing structures in vicinity of root vascular system |
|
| Ps-ERF1a, -1b, -3a, and -12 |
were accelerated in response to |
cytokinin application |
Prunus salicina |
| ahk3cre1 mutants |
lack |
(AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) and (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) receptor function |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cis-zeatin (cZ) |
is recognized by |
CK receptors |
|
| nitric oxide |
represses phosphorylation of |
(AHP1, AT3G21510) (histidine phosphotransfer protein 1) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bud formation as a sensitive marker of cytokinin response in Physcomitrella |
was neither delayed nor reduced in comparison with |
wild type |
Physcomitrella patens |
| changes in zeatin distribution between roots and shoots |
remains to be established whether important for control of |
cytokinin-controlled processes in shoots |
|
| genes involved in cytokinin transport and signalling |
are expressed in |
root vascular tissues |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinins |
is a hormonal factor influencing |
tomato fruit growth and crop yield under salinity |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| cytokinins |
regulate |
plant development and physiology |
|
| cytokinin receptors |
were discovered |
cytokinin signal perception |
|
| (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) and (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) |
are antagonistic of |
salt stress tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CRF proteins |
could serve to co-ordinate |
transcriptional output from cytokinin signalling |
|
| TCS:GFP reporter expression |
reveals |
cytokinin signalling is strongly repressed during early phases of lateral root (LR) development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tissues expressing different levels of CRE-family cytokinin receptors and non-cytokinin receptor histidine kinases |
would have |
distinct cytokinin dose-response relationships |
|
| cytokinins |
have positive effect on |
expression of genes encoding cell wall invertases and hexose transporters |
|
| nitric oxide |
represses phosphorylation of |
(ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) (response regulator 1) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR6, AT5G62920) |
suppresses |
(ARR5, ATRR2, IBC6, RR5, AT3G48100) reduced rosette size mutant phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type-B response regulators (type-B ARRs) |
activate |
downstream genes specifying cytokinin action |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinins |
are associated with |
multiple additional processes in plants |
|
| cytokinins |
are known to be associated with |
proliferation of undifferentiated cells |
|
| (CKI1, CKL11, AT4G14340) (cytokinin-independent1) overexpression |
promotes |
green callus and shoot formation in the absence of exogenous cytokinin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type-A Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs) |
act as negative regulators of |
cytokinin signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin treatment |
rapidly induces expression of |
LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 4 (LBD4, AT1G31320) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| induction of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 3 (ASL9, LBD3, AT1G16530) |
leads to rapid reduction of |
ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 15 (ARR15, AT1G74890) transcript levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) |
acts downstream of cytokinins to initiate |
nodulation process |
|
| overproduction of cytokinins in petunia flowers transformed with PSAG12-IPT |
decreases |
sensitivity to ethylene |
|
| GFP–AtAtg8f-HA construct expression |
accelerates |
inhibition of primary root growth in response to zeatin |
|
| cytokinin treatment |
induces formation of |
specific bodies containing GFP–AtAtg8f |
|
| novel cytokinin (CK)-regulated proteins |
appear to be specifically involved in |
mediating cytokinin (CK) action in dark-grown seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AHP |
undergoes |
CK-dependent nuclear import |
|
| ARR5pro:GUS staining in wild-type plants |
was also observed in |
stele stem cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARR5pro:GUS signal difference between wild-type and (ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) × (ATAZG2, AZG2, AT5G50300) |
was less pronounced at |
85 mM sodium chloride |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARR5pro:GUS signal decay in (ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) × (ATAZG2, AZG2, AT5G50300) at 25 mM sodium chloride |
was compared with |
wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPUP14, PUP14, AT1G19770) localization in heart-stage embryos |
correlates with |
areas of low cytokinin (CK) signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KNO2 treatment |
increased expression of |
type-A cytokinin-response regulator genes |
Oryza sativa |
| two-component histidine kinase (CKI1, AT2G47430) |
is involved in |
cytokinin perception |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bacterial cytokinins |
are perceived by |
(AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) and (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin (CK) treatment did not reduce expression of MIR165A::GFP in (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) mutants |
suggests that |
cytokinin (CK) represses (MIR165, MIR165A, AT1G01183) expression via a canonical ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 1 (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) -dependent pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) |
directly represses expression of |
(LAX2, AT2G21050) |
|
| chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) |
examined |
in vivo targets of (ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) |
regulates |
not only (CCS52A1, FZR2, AT4G22910) but also (IAA3, SHY2, AT1G04240) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtGATA18, GATA18, HAN, MNP, AT3G50870) |
has inhibitory effect on |
ARR1-mediated cytokinin response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| prolonged cytokinin treatment |
induces |
LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 1 (LBD1, AT1G07900) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 4 (LBD4, AT1G31320) |
is major factor acting downstream of |
cytokinin signaling to activate secondary growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGF2, AHL15, AT3G55560) (AT-HOOK MOTIF-CONTAINING NUCLEAR-LOCALIZED PROTEIN 15) |
does not modulate |
cytokinin response in very young stems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TCSn expression levels in BAP-treated apices |
remained high until |
end of BAP treatment (5 wat) |
|
| aux1-10 mutant |
is insensitive to |
cytokinin-induced cell-wall stiffening |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35S:CKX2 transgenic plants |
shows significantly decreased |
(ZFP5, AT1G10480) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| abaxial localization of the fluorescence at stages 16–17 |
remains similar to |
previous stages |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| similarity in (ARR5, ATRR2, IBC6, RR5, AT3G48100) and TCSn patterns |
supports |
plasma membrane perception of trans-zeatin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CK (cytokinin) |
induces expression of |
(CYCD3, CYCD3;1, AT4G34160) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phosphoryl group |
is transferred to |
histidine phosphotransfer proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR5, ATRR2, IBC6, RR5, AT3G48100) transcript level in wild-type plants treated with 1 μm BA |
peaked at |
30 min |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin treatment |
causes phosphorylation and targeting to the proteasome of |
tagged (ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) proteins |
|
| effects of cytokinin |
depend on |
developmental stage |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of cytokinin oxidase |
shown for cytokinin deficiency after |
strongly impaired bud formation |
Physcomitrella patens |
| CHK receptor proteins from Arabidopsis |
are antagonistic of |
salt stress tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) and (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) |
are antagonistic of |
drought stress tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) mutant |
had |
diminished cytokinin responsiveness compared to (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) null alleles |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type–B ARRs |
are |
positive elements in the primary cytokinin signal transduction network |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR4, ATRR1, IBC7, MEE7, AT1G10470) (ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 4) |
has localized expression in |
chalazal sporophytic tissue |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mobile nature of cytokinin |
may allow it to serve as |
long distance signal |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CRL5 over-expression |
reduces |
cytokinin sensitivity |
Oryza sativa |
| type-B response regulators (RRB) |
regulate |
expression of primary cytokinin-response genes, including the RRAs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| unstable RRAs |
are degraded by |
UPS |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin signaling |
is modulated by |
type-A ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BPCs |
regulate |
subset of cytokinin response genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BPC proteins |
function in |
cytokinin signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Cytokinin (CK) intra- and intercellular mobility and translocation |
are critical to |
Cytokinin (CK) functions |
|
| gibberellin (GA) |
may act downstream of |
cytokinin (CK) activation to facilitate |
Pisum sativum |
| d|ipt1 mutant protonema |
could be reversed by |
externally applied (AtCKS, CKS, KDSB, AT1G53000) |
Physcomitrella patens |
| iP and tZ |
represent the physiologically most active forms in |
both plants |
Physcomitrella patens; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| IPA |
is |
one of the most active cytokinins in Pistacia lentiscus leaves |
Pistacia lentiscus |
| importance of cytokinins as long-distance signals |
has been supported by |
many other experiments |
|
| KNOX activity |
is sufficient to rapidly activate |
SAM-localized CK-response regulator |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis |
has been shown to be important in |
mediating the relationship between decreased shoot CK status and salt-induced changes in growth, senescence, and fruit yield |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| signalling components of cytokinin signal transduction |
have been identified in |
several species |
|
| reduced cytokinin synthesis in and around LRP |
affects |
the cytokinin output signal in the zone of high cytokinin sensitivity surrounding LRP |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR5 (ARR5, ATRR2, IBC6, RR5, AT3G48100) |
is |
early CK-activated gene |
|
| (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) suppression of sln1Δ in the presence of cytokinins |
indicates |
(AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) is activated by cytokinins |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| increased concentration of cytokinins |
direct effect on |
activity of cell wall invertases and hexose transporters |
Hordeum vulgare |
| rcd1-3 single mutant |
is able to respond to |
exogenously applied BA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| frequency of bud induction |
is comparable in |
mutant and wild type |
Physcomitrella patens |
| (AtPRPL1, MOP10, PRPL1, AT5G05500) promoter |
contains |
cytokinin-responsive elements |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RRBs |
are co-regulators of |
cytokinin responses |
|
| CK signaling |
is necessary for |
SAM function |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) replaced with (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) |
increased |
cytokinin sensitivity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduction of (LAX2, AT2G21050) transcript in response to cytokinin |
is detectable substantially earlier than |
reduction of SCARECROW (SCR, SGR1, AT3G54220) (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) or WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5, WOX5B, AT3G11260) transcript in response to cytokinin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenine (iP) and trans-zeatin (tZ) cytokinins |
are |
two major active forms of cytokinins in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinins (CKs) |
revert |
proliferative arrest |
|
| aux1-10 mutants after cytokinin treatment |
show distance from start of growth cessation (SGC) to quiescent center remaining at |
∼550 μm |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| electrophoretic mobility shift of ARR2-HA |
is ascribed to |
phosphorylation of (ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (BBX14, AT1G68520) expression |
is up-regulated by |
cytokinin treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| zeatin riboside (ZR) |
declines with age in |
plants grown in full N medium |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| max mutants |
have enhanced sensitivity to |
cytokinins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinins from roots |
serve as |
long-distance signals that have an impact on shoot physiology |
tobacco |
| CHK receptor proteins from Arabidopsis |
are antagonistic of |
drought stress tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin signal |
is transmitted by |
phosphotransmitter proteins (AHPs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| double cytokinin receptor mutant (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) |
is not responsive to |
Rhizobium fascians infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) (T278I) |
has |
negative activity on cytokinin signaling initiated by (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) and (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SLN1 + [CRE1] yeast |
grew only in the presence of |
cytokinin |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| P (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) (F685L) |
also suppressed |
cytokinin-responsive expression of (ARR15, AT1G74890) in cre1-2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| promoter activity in protoplasts transfected with full-length (ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) and treated with tZ |
reached |
level of ARR2ΔDDK overexpression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| exogenous application of cytokinin |
upregulates |
(AtGATA18, GATA18, HAN, MNP, AT3G50870) expression |
|
| decreased cytokinin level in the LRC |
causes downregulation of |
(GH3.17, VAS2, AT1G28130) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs) |
convey |
cytokinin signaling |
|
| phosphorylation cascade in root |
ends with |
activation of type-B response regulators ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS 1 and 12 ( (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) and (ARR12, AtARR12, RR12, AT2G25180) ) |
|
| signal outputs |
are determined by |
activation state of type-B Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR6, AT5G62920) expression in arr2-4 |
was increased after 30 min of |
cytokinin treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transactivation lines including Op::IPT7 genotype |
showed |
clear alterations in other tissues |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGL1, SHP1, AT3G58780) (AGL5, SHP2, AT2G42830) mutant |
was sprayed with |
BAP |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| homozygous (EDA33, GT140, IND, IND1, AT4G00120) or (AGL1, SHP1, AT3G58780) (AGL5, SHP2, AT2G42830) mutants lacking a dehiscence zone |
showed no fluorescence |
in this region |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin (CK) treatment |
reduced |
expression of translational reporter gene insensitive to miRNA-dependent repression (PHB*:GFP) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HANABA-TARANU |
cooperates with |
type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mechanism in which cytokinin promotes (AtGATA18, GATA18, HAN, MNP, AT3G50870) expression and inhibits cytokinin response |
is indicated by |
observations |
|
| J2632;UAS::ARR1ΔDDK-GR plants upon Dex treatment |
mimics the effect of |
exogenous cytokinin applications |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (DOF2.1, AT2G28510) |
promotes |
periclinal cell divisions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 3 (ASL9, LBD3, AT1G16530) |
transcriptional induction occurs in presence of |
protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| WUSCHEL (PGA6, WUS, WUS1, AT2G17950) |
is |
cytokinin downstream factor |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TCSn signal in (AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) SAMs 4 wab |
was still detectable in |
(AGL8, FUL, AT5G60910) SAMs |
|
| degradation of (ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) |
prevents |
high and sustainable output intensity of cytokinin signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mode of cytokinin delivery and cytokinin concentration during pathogenic interaction |
are possibly not comparable with |
exogenous cytokinin treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin |
triggered MtCLE13 expression in |
NIN- and CRE1-dependent manner |
Medicago truncatula |
| incipient medial tissues |
show |
fluorescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| other aerial tissues |
did not show |
comparable over-proliferation response and extreme morphological change |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased fluorescence signal |
was not detected at |
external proliferating tissue |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BP misexpression |
is sufficient to inappropriately activate |
CK responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| repression of (ATHB-14, ATHB14, PHB, PHB-1D, AT2G34710) by cytokinin (CK) |
is mediated by |
ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 1 (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| three-factor regulatory circuit |
constitutes |
incoherent feedforward loop |
|
| decreased cytokinin level in the LRC |
causes downregulation of |
(ARR3, AT1G59940) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TCSn pro :nYFP fluorescence |
is enhanced in |
(ASL9, LBD3, AT1G16530) (LBD4, AT1G31320) double mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 15 (ARR15, AT1G74890) |
is significantly elevated in |
(ASL9, LBD3, AT1G16530) (LBD4, AT1G31320) (LBD11, AT2G28500) triple mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin response reporter TCS pro:GFP |
shows expression in |
wild-type, (AGF2, AHL15, AT3G55560) or 35S pro: inflorescence stems during cambium development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| repression of CK perception and signaling |
trigger |
proliferative arrest |
|
| (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) and (ARR12, AtARR12, RR12, AT2G25180) |
mediate |
cytokinin signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phosphorylation cascade |
starts at |
plasma membrane |
|
| (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) and (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) |
have a positive role in |
adaptive response to high-light stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AHP6, HP6, AT1G80100) |
acts as a negative regulator of |
cytokinin signalling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ACR4, CR4, AT3G59420) |
is not |
a primary cytokinin response gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KNOXI activation |
elicits |
cytokinin response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin responsiveness of (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) allele |
was enhanced in |
(AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) suppressor mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin signaling inside the developing structure at young stages |
is observed especially at |
growing ridges of the medial region |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR6, AT5G62920) (ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 6) and (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) (WOODEN LEG) expression up-regulation |
is mediated through |
CK (cytokinin) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type A and type B Arabidopsis response regulators |
show antagonistic effects in |
cytokinin signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinins |
mediate |
many developmental and stress-related processes |
|
| phosphoryl group |
is transferred to |
conserved aspartate of the type-A and type-B response regulators |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis RRA gene family |
includes |
10 members (e.g. (ARR4, ATRR1, IBC7, MEE7, AT1G10470) (ARR5, ATRR2, IBC6, RR5, AT3G48100) and (ARR6, AT5G62920) ) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin-induced (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) stabilization |
is |
transient and cytokinin dependent |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BA treatment |
promotes |
(ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) accumulation by suppressing its degradation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) mutant seedlings treated with 1 μm BA |
show fully blocked |
cytokinin-induced (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin treatment |
induces |
ABA-INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4, ATABI4, GIN6, ISI3, SAN5, SIS5, SUN6, AT2G40220) expression in roots |
|
| (WOX11, AT3G03660) |
represses |
(ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) |
Oryza sativa |
| decreased cytokinin sensitivity in rpn10-1 and rpn12a-1 mutants |
suggests that |
cytokinin response inhibitor (such as an RRA) is stabilized in these mutant backgrounds |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BA-induced increase in (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) level |
is observed in |
time-course analysis using 1 μm BA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| weaker increase in (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) level in (AHP1, AT3G21510) (AHP2, AT3G29350) (AHP3, ATHP2, AT5G39340) (AHP4, AT3G16360) (AHP5, AT1G03430) |
is in agreement with |
incomplete cytokinin resistance of this mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| prolonged induction of (ARR5, ATRR2, IBC6, RR5, AT3G48100) in ARR1-ox and rpn12a-1 lines |
has |
different origin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| effects of cytokinin |
depend on |
environment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin signaling components |
contribute to |
development |
|
| SUPERMAN (SUP) |
stimulated |
cytokinin-regulated processes |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| zeatin |
stimulates |
production of larger bodies in vicinity of root vascular system |
|
| zeatin |
induces |
LIN6 promoter |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| phenotype of (ATIPT1, IPT1, AT1G68460) knockout plants |
could not be reversed by |
addition of exogenous cytokinins |
Physcomitrella patens |
| (AtBRC1, ATTCP18, BRC1, TCP18, AT3G18550) expression during leafy gall development |
hinting at |
cytokinin-dependent response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin deficiency |
should express |
strongly impaired bud formation |
Physcomitrella patens |
| TCSn:GFP reporter signal |
is |
high in cells neighbouring LRP in wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinins |
appear to be at basis of |
every response analysed to date |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| zeatin riboside (ZR) level |
slightly increases within 3h after |
N resupply |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduction in colony growth area and an increased differentiation |
might be a direct consequence of |
increased external levels of iP and iPR |
Physcomitrella patens |
| free cytokinin bases |
are |
sole biologically active cytokinin compounds |
|
| ribosides |
are lacking |
inherent hormonal activity |
|
| (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) and (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) |
are antagonistic of |
cold stress tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CK |
regulates |
(ATGA2OX2, GA2OX2, AT1G30040) expression independently of GA biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| isolated nodal stem segments from (ARR3, AT1G59940) ,4,5,6,7,15 plants treated with apical auxin |
buds are resistant to |
basal cytokinin effects |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type A response regulators |
subsequently inhibit |
cytokinin signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin (CK) |
is perceived at the endoplasmic reticulum by |
HISTIDINE KINASE (AHK) receptor kinase family |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| induction of (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) and (ARR6, AT5G62920) expression by (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) |
is dependent on |
CK |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| published AHK triple mutants |
do not represent |
complete disruption of cytokinin receptors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin signaling and biosynthesis |
is predominantly at |
chalaza during megasporogenesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rpn12a-1 mutant |
shows |
RRA induction similar to wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) |
is a transcriptional activator of |
(ARR5, ATRR2, IBC6, RR5, AT3G48100) gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) /3 mutant lines |
are significantly less susceptible to |
root-knot nematode (RKN) infection |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CKX proteins |
are likely responsible for causing |
low cytokinin level in flowers of indehiscent morph |
Aethionema arabicum |
| (ATBPC1, BBR, BPC1, AT2G01930) 2, 3, 4, 6 and 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 mutants |
show reduced cytokinin sensitivity compared to |
(AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) 4 cytokinin double receptor mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 500 cytokinin response genes |
are no longer differentially expressed in response to cytokinin in |
(ATBPC1, BBR, BPC1, AT2G01930) 2, 3, 4, 6 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| other cytokinin response genes |
are targets of |
only one of BPCs or type-B ARRs |
|
| growth inhibition of SLN1 + yeast by (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) (T278I) |
occurred both in the presence and absence of |
cytokinin |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| P (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) in -2 |
exhibited increased sensitivity to |
cytokinins in callus-formation assays |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pARR5::GUS expression |
is absent from |
vasculature of (AHK4, ATCRE1, CRE1, WOL, WOL1, AT2G01830) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AIL6, PLT3, AT5G10510) (PLETHORA 3) |
is regulated by |
cytokinin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TCS reporter |
is expressed in |
valve margins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| prolonged cytokinin treatment |
induces |
LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 11 (LBD11, AT2G28500) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARR2-HA |
is examined in |
protoplasts isolated from (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) (AHK3, HK3, ROCK3, AT1G27320) double mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin-primed phosphotransfer to conserved aspartate residue in receiver domain of (ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) |
is critical for |
activation of cytokinin signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fluorescence at stage 8 |
is detected |
all along the developing gynoecium from bottom to top |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ectopic expression of (AHK2, HK2, AT5G35750) in the root procambium |
increased |
cytokinin sensitivity or responsiveness |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PHAVOLUTA (ATHB9, PHV, AT1G30490) (ATHB-8, ATHB8, HB-8, AT4G32880) |
can dimerize with |
B-type ARRs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SHM1, SHMT1, STM, AT4G37930) |
was shown to promote |
cytokinin activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type B (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) |
positively regulates |
TCP Interactor containing EAR motif protein 1 (TIE1, AT4G28840) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type B Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs) |
directly regulate |
thousands of genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tie1-1 tie2-1 double mutant |
displays |
excessive cytokinin response |
|
| (ARR9, ATRR4, AT3G57040) |
is |
upregulated by CK treatment |
|
| repression of A-type ARR (repressor of cytokinin (CK) signalling) expression |
minimizes |
negative feedback in cytokinin (CK) signalling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HPs |
have |
positive and redundant roles in cytokinin signalling |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa |
| (ATHB-14, ATHB14, PHB, PHB-1D, AT2G34710) activity in eliciting gain-of-function phenotypes |
is mediated through |
cytokinin (CK) pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type B ARRs |
directly regulate genes that are repressed by |
cytokinin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR2, RR2, AT4G16110) |
regulates |
not only (CCS52A1, FZR2, AT4G22910) but also (IAA3, SHY2, AT1G04240) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression of (ARR5, ATRR2, IBC6, RR5, AT3G48100) pro :RFPer in all vascular cells |
indicates |
enhanced cytokinin response in han-1 |
|