| microalgae research |
has traditionally blazed a trail for |
pale green (PG) strategy |
|
| OsbHLH92 |
is |
gene resource for improving planting density and crop productivity |
Oryza sativa |
| xylan substitution modifications |
open new avenues to improve |
cereals for food |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| engineering developmental changes in wheat spike |
can improve |
wheat yield potential |
Triticum aestivum |
| findings on OsHMGB1 |
benefit |
genetic improvement of P efficiency in crops |
|
| photosynthesis |
is a central target of |
plant breeding and engineering efforts to improve crop productivity |
|
| findings on (GL2, AT1G79840) and (AHDP, ANL2, AT4G00730) as arsenic tolerance repressors |
pave the way for |
development of safer crops with enhanced arsenic tolerance and reduced arsenic content |
|
| selecting for specific stomatal size (SS) and stomatal density (SD) traits in rice |
could mitigate against |
rising salinity |
rice |
| adaptive potential of polyploids |
could be utilized in |
agriculture |
|
| biotechnological advancements |
enhance |
resilience of economically important plants |
|
| SOC1-1 and LEAFY (LFY, LFY3, AT5G61850) |
are interesting targets to engineer |
developmental changes in wheat spike |
Triticum aestivum |
| SlFERL-SlMAP3K18-SlMAP2K2/MAP2K4 pathway |
has potential to guide |
genetic engineering practices for improving crop resistance |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| valuable phenotypes |
can be utilized for |
crops improvements |
Triticum aestivum |
| limited NUE of major global crops such as wheat |
makes it essential to |
unlock novel plant traits with potential for reduction in N losses |
Triticum aestivum |
| transgenic-free knockout lines of OsMTP1 |
can be used to obtain |
germplasms with increased Zn and decreased Cd in polished rice |
Oryza sativa |
| means to integrate unique 3-D structures and metabolism of CAM crops |
predicts ways to improve productivity through |
plant structural modification |
Agave tequilana |
| epigenetic regulation |
is important for |
improving crop traits |
|
| approach described here |
can be used for |
other monocot species |
|
| understanding of the function of HMGB proteins in plant acclimation to Pi limitation |
may lead to |
genetic improvement of P efficiency in crop plants |
|
| concurrent introgression of OsNR2-indica and OsNRT1.1B-indica |
enhances |
effective tiller number |
Oryza sativa |
| findings from this investigation |
hold promise for |
future advancements in crop improvement and agricultural research |
|
| Wild and semi-wild (XIS) cucumbers |
serve as resources for |
genetic analysis and breeding |
Cucumis sativus |
| concurrent introgression of OsNR2-indica and OsNRT1.1B-indica |
enhances |
grain yield |
Oryza sativa |
| TabZIP60 |
has shown great potential in |
engineering crops with improved NUE |
Triticum aestivum |
| LAM1 |
has |
application potential for high-yield rice breeding |
Oryza sativa |
| rational design of pale green (PG) crops with enhanced light use efficiency (LUE) |
requires assessment of |
extent to which chlorophyll (Chl) level can be reduced without compromising photosynthetic competence depending on environmental conditions |
|
| strategies for dealing with negatively correlated traits |
may inform |
strategies for breeding to change levels of other metabolites of interest |
|
| homoeologous exchange |
can be applied to |
development of important phenotypic traits of polyploid crops |
|
| quantitative resistance against fungal pathogens |
has been |
historically exploited in crop breeding |
|
| combinations of active receptor complexes during postanthesis drought in barley |
raise prospects for improving |
water use efficiency (WUE) through conventional breeding of appropriate lines or targeted transgenic approaches for fine manipulations of abscisic acid (ABA) flux and perception |
Hordeum vulgare |
| selecting for specific stomatal size (SS) and stomatal density (SD) traits in rice |
could mitigate against |
drought |
rice |
| resistance breeding strategies |
may involve |
QTL introgression |
|
| molecular route of tiller formation |
provides theory basis for |
rice high-yield breeding |
|
| understanding of β-citraurin accumulation mechanism |
could facilitate |
improvement in citrus nutritional and commercial qualities |
Citrus unshiu |
| knowledge of PsPALM1a and PsPALM1b function |
will be transferred for innovation in |
related crops |
Pisum sativum |
| introduction of semi-dwarf genotypes during 1960s Green Revolution |
was pivotal in |
increasing crop grain yields |
|
| PVA (provitamin A) content |
is |
priority for plant breeding and global development |
|
| resistance breeding strategies |
may involve |
targeted gene editing |
|
| targeted strategies aimed at enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and crop yield |
may result from |
investigation of conservation of auxin-nitrogen mechanisms in crops |
crops |
| multiscale metabolic modeling (MMM) platform |
provides novel tool for studying |
yield stability and crop improvement |
|
| starchy staple crops |
have been |
strong focus of biofortification efforts |
|
| understanding of the molecular mechanism of root formation in cereal plants |
may ultimately be helpful for |
root engineering in improving cereal crop yield |
|
| genetic control of 'source strength' traits such as leaf morphology and angle |
will provide |
tools to further explore and refine specific phenotypic combinations to help support increased grain yield |
Triticum aestivum |
| wheat R genes |
might represent |
valuable resource to reduce the impact of current diseases |
Triticum aestivum |
| flexibility to fix hybrid vigor and complex traits via apomictic pathway and revert to sexual reproduction |
would speed |
delivery of resilient high-yielding seeds |
|
| DNA polymorphisms to be identified through QTL mapping |
could be used in |
marker-assisted breeding approaches |
|
| similar efforts in protein biosynthesis |
may direct |
breeding strategies towards higher protein content in crops |
|
| genetic variants of cultivated crops |
provide |
vital sources of genetic variation |
|
| cultivars with improved P acquisition |
is important goal for |
global agriculture |
Zea mays |
| usage of strigolactone biosynthesis gene |
has already been achieved for |
practical rice breeding |
Oryza sativa |
| H6 |
might have other benefits for |
domestication and genetic improvement |
Glycine max |
| understanding mechanisms that govern successful pollination |
could lead to development of |
strategies to improve crop yield |
|
| genome editing |
can be used to purge |
deleterious alleles |
|
| dataset including 711 chemical features |
highlights |
potential diversity available for incorporation into crop improvement programmes |
Musa spp.; Manihot esculenta; Solanum tuberosum; Ipomoea batatas; Dioscorea spp. |
| selection on accessions with highest prospects |
achieves through |
encompassing biochemical traits not observed at morphological level |
|
| transgenic approaches to improving stress tolerance in crops |
parallels |
breeding principles |
|
| transgenic approaches to improving stress tolerance in crops |
will succeed eventually in |
crop improvement |
|
| xylosidase in QTL3 |
is |
potential target for selective breeding only with other genotypes in the AP |
Zea mays |
| crops with greater drought tolerance |
is |
important global objective |
|
| wild relatives of each crop |
will be essential for |
identification of appropriate alleles for major loci |
|
| manipulating stomatal characteristics |
can affect |
water use efficiency (WUE) |
|
| (AtBBX21, BBX21, LHUS, STH2, AT1G75540) characteristics |
may be useful for |
increasing production of potatoes |
Solanum tuberosum |
| transgenic approaches to improving stress tolerance in crops |
operates with |
greatly expanded germplasm base |
|
| (AtBBX21, BBX21, LHUS, STH2, AT1G75540) characteristics |
may be useful for |
increasing production of other crops |
|
| guard cell membrane transport |
offers |
targets for genetic manipulation to improve crop performance |
|
| development of crop genotypes with root traits increasing element acquisition |
should increase |
growth and yield on infertile soils |
|
| approach described here |
can be used for |
wheat and maize |
Triticum aestivum; Zea mays |
| lysine (Lys) and serotonin accumulation |
should promote efforts to create |
nutritionally favorable crop |
Oryza sativa |
| various gene combinations |
will likely be required for |
successful crop improvement for stress tolerance |
|
| reports with promising drought-tolerance enhancement under field conditions |
show |
significant net crop yield benefit |
|
| continuum of allele variations |
offers much larger opportunity to |
get optimal alleles |
Oryza sativa |
| plant prime editing system |
provides useful tool for |
improving crops in user-defined manner |
|
| maize yield increase |
resulted from |
modifications in leaf angle |
Zea mays |
| salinity-tolerant crops |
are important for |
sustainable agriculture |
|
| extremes in metabolite concentrations |
are often favoured in |
crop breeding |
|
| natural progression for this work |
is to employ |
this platform for forward genetics by screening populations of natural or induced genetic variants |
Oryza sativa |
| selecting for specific stomatal size (SS) and stomatal density (SD) traits in rice |
could mitigate against |
temperature |
rice |
| comprehensive approach merging high-throughput phenotyping and de novo domestication |
is proposed for developing |
drought-tolerant prebreeding material |
|
| genome editing |
can be used to re-introduce |
favorable alleles from wild and exotic relatives into crop plants |
|
| rapid selection of salinity-tolerant crops |
increases |
food production in salinized lands |
|
| strong DPPH-radical scavenging, antioxidant effects |
making them |
a promising source of nutritionally beneficial rice germplasm for breeding |
|
| quantitative model-assisted characterization of developmental patterns of lateral roots |
supports |
root system-oriented crop improvement |
|
| Single minor QTL |
can be used in |
rice improvement |
Oryza sativa |
| yield of many crop species |
has been substantially improved through |
breeding and agronomy |
|
| Assimilate Partitioning and Plant Development |
has increasing significance in |
Agriculture and Plant Biotechnology |
|
| pyramiding SD1 DGWG and (HTD1, AT2G19540) HZ |
will have great potential in |
shaping plant architecture without affecting seed-setting percentage and in improving grain yield of japonica varieties |
Oryza sativa |
| siR109944 |
may be used as |
target for crop breeding and disease control |
Oryza sativa |
| plant genetic engineering |
is used to improve |
crop quality and yield |
|
| SD1 DGWG and (HTD1, AT2G19540) HZ |
had been subjected to co-selection during |
breeding of modern indica varieties in China |
Oryza sativa |
| resistance and yield |
requires balancing of |
crop breeding strategy |
|
| core collection of crops (CCC) |
comprises |
majority of biochemical diversity available |
|
| subcellular divergence of ASVs |
could be utilised to alter |
crop yield and protein content |
|
| key regulators of plant stress responses |
will be utilized as |
target genes for crop genetic engineering |
|
| (DEP1, AT5G53850) mutant as semi-dwarf plant with increased nitrogen-use efficiency |
has |
interesting perspective in rice breeding |
|
| overlaid CCCs and genotypic collections |
can reduce and focus selection on |
accessions with highest prospects for successful transfer of desired traits |
|
| finding that ZmDREB2A negatively modulates seedling growth and positively regulates stress tolerance |
contributes to |
plant biotechnology field seeking to improve plant abiotic stress tolerance and seed aging tolerance without causing a yield penalty |
|
| energy efficiency and energy homeostasis approach |
is applicable to |
wide variety of crops |
|
| genotyping by sequencing combined with genotype-to-phenotype bioinformatics |
has generated |
knowledge directly relevant to crop improvement |
|
| global population growth |
is projected to outpace |
plant-breeding improvements in major crop yields |
|
| genetic variation retained in leguminous wild relatives |
can be integrated via |
omics, genetics, and genome-editing technologies |
|
| genetic approaches |
have not fully targeted |
root traits |
|
| opportunities to detect and leverage polygenic selection |
has relevance for |
applied crop breeding |
|
| applications of gene editing technologies for de novo domestication and precision breeding |
is an area where plant breeding can benefit from |
evolutionary insights |
|
| comprehensively applied 5G breeding |
can enhance |
effectiveness of breeding programs |
|
| phenotyping at specific nursery locations with community-established criteria |
provides information to determine |
potential agronomic value of particular alleles and accessions |
|
| improved apple tree germplasm |
will |
survive, thrive, and bear fruit in the decades to come |
Malus domestica |
| bio-fortification |
targets |
seeds |
|
| multiplexing of strategies |
will allow |
even greater improvements |
|
| metabolomics |
has potential application in |
bio-fortification |
Musa spp.; Manihot esculenta; Solanum tuberosum; Ipomoea batatas; Dioscorea spp. |
| CCCs |
can be overlaid with |
genotypic collections |
|
| manipulation of photorespiration and/or photosynthesis |
can be used to |
improve agronomic performance |
|
| genetically improved natural indigo varieties |
have |
higher indigo content |
|
| reported technologies for drought tolerance |
has not been tested in |
actual farmers' fields |
|
| active form of (DREB2, DREB2A, AT5G05410) |
could be applicable to |
crop engineering for both drought and heat tolerance |
|
| increased seed nitrogen (N) content |
is |
desirable agronomic trait |
|
| CRISPR/Cas9 |
could be |
useful technique to obtain optimal alleles for rice breeding |
Oryza sativa |
| next-generation sequencing |
enables |
plant stature improvements and other crop improvements |
|
| manipulating mineral transporters |
can be used for |
nutritious and safe crop production |
|
| natural variations of the GA and SL pathway genes |
have great potential in |
shaping plant architecture to improve grain yield |
Oryza sativa |
| genome editing |
can be used to break |
linkage drag |
|
| high-throughput plant phenotyping technologies |
accelerate |
plant breeding processes |
|
| advanced knowledge of chloroplast processes |
makes feasible |
biotechnological approaches to crop improvement |
|
| high yield |
has always been |
crucial goal pursued by maize breeders |
Zea mays |
| genetic and genomic methods |
address |
significant constraints affecting orphan crop production |
|
| discovery of redox-dependent PSII supramolecular composition adjustment |
will support development of |
strategies for crop improvement |
|
| developing countries with mid-level economies |
are taking initial steps towards adopting |
molecular breeding in day-to-day breeding |
|
| β-carotene biofortification efforts |
utilize |
transgenic and classical breeding approaches |
|
| improvement traits |
relate to |
regional adaptation |
|
| crop wild relatives |
represent |
raw material for breeding |
|
| biodiversity |
provides essential basis for |
crop breeding |
|
| functional characterization and regulatory mechanisms of AKT2-like channels in crops |
have great importance for |
improvement of crop production |
|
| nanoparticle-based approaches |
have potential applications in |
transgenic plant improvement programs |
|
| hybrid grasses within the Festuca–Lolium complex |
have been developed using |
interspecific hybridization |
|
| plant breeding and selection methods |
produced |
crop yields |
|
| understanding of plant responses to nutritional conditions |
is fundamental to |
selecting crops and designing crop management systems with high yields and quality |
|
| constitutively active forms of CIPKs |
may prove useful for |
application of these kinases in crop genetic engineering |
|
| high redundancy of interacting components downstream in the ABA signaling pathways |
presents a challenge for |
crop-specific, precise engineering approach |
|
| crop-specific, precise engineering approach |
would be required in order to utilize ABA signaling components to achieve |
satisfactory effects in protecting crop productivity against stresses |
|
| next-generation crops with durable resistance to pathogens |
is |
achievable goal |
|
| simultaneous production of new alleles of plural genes |
could be much more |
time- and effort-saving than sequential approach |
Oryza sativa |
| overexpression of a TF gene |
is less feasible than |
overexpression of a gene whose product executes a biochemically protective function |
|
| manipulation of SnRK2 expression in Arabidopsis |
could be developed into |
valuable tool for enhancing drought stress tolerance in important crops |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genome-editing techniques |
are applicable to |
several other species |
|
| soybean |
has undergone little improvements in |
yield |
Glycine max |
| successful genetic engineering of canola, rice, and maize for improved drought tolerance |
confirms |
approach is feasible |
|
| target genes and molecular markers |
will be used to create |
cultivars with yield stability in drought-prone environments |
|
| old strategy |
made it difficult to |
select optimal alleles |
Oryza sativa |
| genome editing approach |
allows researchers to explore |
natural variation as a key to resilience |
|
| precise base editing in the target genes |
can develop |
nutrient-dense rice grains with anti-cancer and anti-diabetic properties |
|
| combinations of metabolites as identified here |
could be used in |
marker-assisted breeding approaches |
|
| identification of more rice-yield-related and flowering genes/QTLs |
will provide |
opportunities to breed diverse high-yield varieties |
|
| employing stay green (SG) or chlorophyll fluorescence as physical markers for selection |
can represent |
phenotyping bottleneck for adapting crops to future environments |
|
| ZmNL4 gene |
could be used through |
genetic transformation |
Zea mays |
| increasing genetic yield potential |
can address |
both stress tolerance and productivity under optimal and stress conditions |
|
| marker-assisted selection |
is useful for introgressing |
genomic regions into elite lines |
|
| alleles that have an adverse effect in the targeted phenotype |
can be corrected through |
PAGE/genome editing |
|
| comprehensive 5G integration |
is lacking in |
developing countries |
|
| deleterious effect mutations |
can be purged by |
marker-assisted selection |
|
| limited genetic information on wild relatives |
hinders |
application of wild relatives for crop improvement |
|
| genetic engineering |
has applications to |
maize yield improvement |
Zea mays |
| understanding of hormone-controlled developmental processes and their adaptation according to environmental cues |
generates |
new perspectives for breeding of crop varieties with optimized resource efficiencies |
|
| high redundancy of ABA receptor proteins in each species |
presents a challenge for |
crop-specific, precise engineering approach |
|
| use and iterative improvement of genomics tools by communities of practice |
has the power to accelerate |
deployment of crop diversity in farmers' fields |
|
| whole-plant water use efficiency (WUEplant) |
is a component trait of |
genetic selection in crop-breeding programmes |
|
| increasing isoflavone concentrations in soybean seeds |
may be |
effective way to improve nutritional values of soybean-derived foods |
Glycine max |
| genetic and genomic methods |
address |
constraints affecting nutritional efficiency of orphan crops |
|
| using agronomically proven genotypes |
can accelerate |
conversion of discoveries into products |
|
| recessive xa13 |
is widely used in |
rice breeding programs in south Asian countries such as India |
Oryza sativa |
| challenges and opportunities toward integration of multidisciplinary research platforms/disciplines |
is presented in |
this review |
|
| genomic and phenomic resources |
enable deeper understanding of |
genetic architecture and short-term evolution of complex traits |
|
| cultivar genetic diversity |
is narrowed during |
crop domestication and breeding |
|
| desirable but lost traits in conventionally bred crops |
could be reintroduced back using |
new genome editing tools |
|
| knowledge-driven pipeline |
could be exploited to contribute to |
food security |
|
| heterosis |
has been used extensively by breeders to |
increase the performance of crop plants |
|
| understanding of complex trait determination in crops |
will contribute to breaking new ground in |
precision breeding |
|
| harvest indices in modern crop cultivars |
have little scope for further improvement in |
this trait |
|
| global breeding efforts |
aim to develop |
improved varieties |
Amaranthus cruentus |
| NGS technologies together with precise phenotyping |
have been used in |
pearl millet |
Pennisetum glaucum |
| pre-breeding |
is required to transfer to |
intermediate materials |
|
| high yield |
is |
major target for breeders and growers |
|
| propensity for local adaptation |
has relevance for |
applied crop breeding |
|
| 5G breeding strategy |
is applicable in |
developing countries |
|
| careful observation and analysis of family-level features |
is |
key component of identifying (ATNACK2, NACK2, TES, AT3G43210) that can be utilized for crop improvement |
|
| selection of important natural variations or QTLs in crops associated with high KUE |
may give valuable information for |
genetic improvement of crops |
|
| genome editing with site-specific nucleases |
is used for |
genetic improvement of agricultural crops |
|
| introgressed alleles from crop wild relatives |
are introgressed into |
improved germplasm |
|
| increasing representation of wild relatives in crop germplasm collections |
will require |
understanding crop wild relative diversity and introgression |
|
| disease resistance |
should be balanced with |
yield |
|
| enhanced nutritional quality and removal of antinutritional traits |
are needed to |
improve food |
|
| genetic pool |
has been shaped by |
breeding |
|
| novel breeding target |
can improve |
nutrient use efficiency |
Poaceae |
| valuable and sometimes novel alleles/haplotypes |
enhance |
genetic gains |
|
| gene editing (GE) |
is one of |
5G breeding approach |
|
| plant genetic resources (PGRs) |
have led to |
major crop improvements |
|
| selection for modified carbon sink capacity and N uptake |
can improve |
crop productivity |
C3 crops |
| understanding of starch metabolism and relevant regulatory networks |
will be helpful for |
molecular breeding of oil crops |
Brassica napus |
| further optimization of the plant prime editing system |
will enable |
improvement of crops in a user-defined manner |
|
| shoot branching |
has been the major target for |
increasing crop yield |
Oryza sativa |
| old strategy |
used only |
few alleles |
Oryza sativa |
| grain yields of NILs- (HTD1, AT2G19540) HZ, NILs-SD1 DGWG, and NILs-SD1 DGWG HZ |
are 19.5%, 20.6%, and 38.3% higher, respectively, than |
NK2 |
Oryza sativa |
| genome-editing technology |
has been employed to precisely modify |
genes controlling crop yield |
Oryza sativa; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays |
| breeding of advanced crops aimed at maintaining food security and safety |
urgently needed in face of |
socio-economic and environmental challenges that traditional plant breeding currently faces |
|
| recent efforts in plant breeding |
aimed at developing |
new and improved varieties from poorly adapted crops |
|
| modifications of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein |
could be |
promising tool for molecular crop design |
|
| progressive differences between desiccation tolerance (DT) and desiccation sensitive (DS) plants |
can be used to refine |
targets for crop improvement |
|
| concerted efforts to advance research and development |
is urgent need for |
advancement of both major and orphan crops |
|
| phenotyping |
has direct role in improving crops with |
genomics tools |
|
| Germplasm characterization |
is one of |
5G breeding approach |
|
| CRISPR-Cas9 |
enables targeted modifications to improve |
nutritional content |
|
| testing in multiple environments |
can accelerate |
conversion of discoveries into products |
|
| pre-breeding |
can be useful in identification and introgression of genes from |
wild species or unadapted material |
|
| development of community resources |
will rely on |
future advances in crop improvement |
|
| genes, markers, haplotypes, and genome-wide sequencing data |
may be utilized in |
Gene editing (GE) |
|
| genes and markers identified by trait mapping approaches |
will have uniquely high prediction/diagnostic power for |
breeding applications |
|
| changing activity level and ratio of gene family members |
lead to |
designer crops |
|
| ancestral genome reconstruction |
enables |
applied translational research from models to crops |
|
| cyanobacterial CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) |
is viewed as |
natural source of genetic material for C3 chloroplast improvement |
|
| timeframe for crop improvement |
requires |
significant investment |
|
| bioengineering of more durable disease resistance |
maintains |
crop yield |
|
| understanding of how crops respond to environmental cues |
may help to design |
crops that balance source and sink potential to maximize yield in favourable environments |
|
| core-collection (CC) and MAGIC populations |
are steadily used as |
resource for breeding purposes |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| improvement of tolerance to both excess water and water deficit |
can contribute to |
enhancement of crop productivity under changing climates |
|
| breeders |
now have better access to |
genomic resources |
|
| IPA1 allele |
has been shown to be applicable for |
improvement of rice grain yields in molecular breeding |
|
| low quality reference genomes |
have the potential to improve |
crop germplasm |
|
| robust donors |
are available for |
targeted traits |
|
| access and benefit-sharing agreements (ABS) |
is essential for successfully running |
pre-breeding program |
|
| wheat yields rising whilst N-inputs remain constant |
demonstrates |
improved nitrogen use efficiency |
|
| germplasm comprises crosses of Watkins accessions with Paragon as a common parent |
is |
experimental population |
|
| haplotype information |
can be used to select parents for |
multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) populations |
|
| focus on aerial nodal root development and function |
suggests |
breeding resilient crops |
|
| crop plants with diminished need for water and fertilizers |
benefit from |
breeding and engineering |
|
| pangenomics |
enables association of genes with |
agronomic traits |
|
| optimal plant height and tiller number |
contributed to |
increase in yield |
Oryza sativa |
| majority of previous overexpression experiments |
have shown |
no or even negative impacts on plant yield |
|
| identified CYP gene |
might have |
potential application in generating multiple herbicide resistant crops |
|
| cyanobacterial CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) |
is being introduced into |
C3 chloroplasts |
|
| agronomy and breeding |
will contribute to |
improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) |
|
| knowledge of how evolutionary forces have and continue to shape existing diversity |
can support |
applied breeding efforts |
|
| advances in sequencing, phenotyping and data science |
will accelerate utilization of |
5G breeding strategy |
|
| de novo demonstration approach |
will find use in |
development of crop wild relatives (CWRs) into useful crops |
|
| understanding of genome evolution after allopolyploidy |
would facilitate |
agricultural practices in crop improvements through hybridization and polyploidization |
|
| opportunities and avenues from genomics |
can help achieve |
enhanced productivity |
|
| improved knowledge of structure of plant populations |
combined with studies of genetic architecture will impact |
design of crop improvement strategies |
|
| genetic research |
into populations with |
novel diversity |
|
| advances in genetic research and bioinformatics |
can assist breeders in |
associating genetic makeup with traits of commercial value |
|
| in situ and ex situ agricultural diversity conservation of pre-breeding materials |
is important component of |
pre-breeding |
|
| high yield |
is |
final breeding goal |
|
| crop wild relatives |
are |
valuable source of diversity |
|
| deleterious effect mutations |
can be purged by |
gene editing |
|
| fundamental insights in plant biology and applied research on crop plants |
contribute to |
breeding of new plant varieties |
|
| lack of pronounced genotypic trait variation under low nutrient supply |
might reflect |
long-term selection for maximal expression of N efficiency traits under high nutrient conditions |
|
| dwarf shoot phenotype (e.g. Rht-B1c) |
has not been successful in |
agronomic use |
|
| reverse genetic strategies |
can identify |
novel variation for plant breeding |
|
| (ATHPA1, EMB2196, HISN6A, HPA1, AT5G10330) 10–42 fragment |
is |
desired agricultural agent |
|
| integrated analysis of phenotypes of genetic variants |
is critical to |
success |
|
| genomics technologies |
can be used for minimizing |
linkage drag |
|
| marker-assisted selection |
remain |
promising approaches for the development of heat-tolerant varieties |
|
| understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in dormancy |
will provide |
new strategies for introducing desired level of dormancy into crop species |
|
| identifying selective sweep regions |
is of interest to determine |
which genes influence agronomically relevant traits |
|
| haplotype information |
can be used to select parents for |
nested association mapping (NAM) |
|
| de novo genome sequences for plants |
will greatly accelerate |
application of genomics to minor crops |
|
| sampling-based approaches |
provides smaller target for |
climate change motivated breeding |
pearl millet |
| knowledge of gene regulatory circuitry and targets of selection |
can benefit |
breeding and engineering of crops with greater resilience to climate variability |
|
| dCAS9 transcriptional control systems |
is used for |
manipulation of gene regulatory networks for crop improvement |
|
| exponential population growth |
exposes need for |
developing future crops that are highly resilient and adaptable to changing environments |
|
| improved varieties of Amaranthus cruentus |
enable |
economically viable cultivation |
Amaranthus cruentus |
| no correlation between nutrient and anti-nutrient accumulation |
suggests that |
new varieties can be found or developed with improved nutritional status |
|
| single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers |
are used for |
plant breeding |
|
| high-throughput phenomic advances across scales of phenotyping platforms |
sustain and improve |
crop yields |
|
| stress-resilient crops |
depends on |
technological and biological advancements |
|
| pre-breeding |
can be useful in broadening |
genetic base |
|
| nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) |
will increase in parallel with |
high yields |
|
| gene function identification |
is one of |
5G breeding approach |
|
| thermal regulation findings |
can lead to |
new strategies for sustainable crop productivity |
|
| understanding of cellular traits of leaf mesophyll cells |
is key to |
ability to improve crop plants in the face of a changing climate |
|
| plant genomic studies |
will accelerate |
plant breeding programs |
|
| (DEP1, AT5G53850) allele |
has been shown to be applicable for |
improvement of rice grain yields in molecular breeding |
|
| information from analysis of sequencing/genotyping and phenotyping data |
can be used in |
pre-breeding and GAB approaches |
|
| improvement traits |
relate to |
quality |
|
| Genomic breeding (GB) and Gene editing (GE) |
can be combined with |
rapid cycle breeding strategy |
|
| gene editing |
may be effective strategy for improvement of |
some traits |
|
| marker-assisted breeding approaches |
could improve |
yield and stress tolerance of crop plants |
|
| this platform |
represents |
strategy for varietal selection in a plant breeding context |
Oryza sativa |
| overexpression of a gene such as ZmGOLS2 |
is feasible for |
improvement of crop abiotic stress tolerance |
|
| study |
identified |
beneficial, nutritionally dense lines from 3000 rice germplasms |
|
| plant palaeogenomics |
offers direct route to recover |
lost variation |
|
| genomic selection |
remain |
promising approaches for the development of heat-tolerant varieties |
|
| large genomic SVs |
may have |
substantive effects on important agricultural traits |
Manihot esculenta |
| trait improvement using genome editing |
has proceeded in |
various plant species |
|
| knowledge of transporter structure and function |
equips biotechnologists and breeders with power to deliver |
improvements in crop yields in sub-optimal soils |
|
| the genome editing (GE) approach |
is likely not to face |
regulatory and public acceptance challenges |
|
| integration of population genetics with plant breeding methodology |
will rely on |
future advances in crop improvement |
|
| precision genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9-based methods |
can be used to enhance |
field performance in anticipated climatic conditions |
|
| genetic improvement |
facilitates |
nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) improvement |
|
| integration of genetic toolbox resources |
supports |
maize as cornerstone of precision breeding efforts |
Zea mays |
| improved drought tolerance |
is needed to meet |
increasing food demands under climate change |
|
| non-controversial, non-invasive, promising applications of genomic tools |
should receive attention in |
African agriculture |
|
| plant genomics |
is used to achieve |
improvement of livelihood of population |
|
| shifting effort for basic genomic studies from dedicated structured populations to capturing the entire scope of genetic determinants in breeding lines |
can move towards |
rapidly improving crops for increased food security, availability and nutrition |
|
| cyanobacterial CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) |
is sought to be introduced into |
plant chloroplasts |
|
| selective sweeps and demographic history |
can inform |
selection strategies |
|
| crop improvement |
has |
direct impact on food systems |
|
| Epigenome engineering |
could be utilized to develop |
crops with better nutritional value |
|
| understanding the mechanisms controlling the determination of the number of grains per m2 |
may be relevant |
yield improvement in wheat |
|
| accurate concepts of the mechanisms that underlie the effects of stress |
is necessary for |
crop improvement through development of rationally designed strategies |
|
| Crop improvement programs |
have been |
initiated |
|
| functional diversity experiments |
lead to |
allele mining for future crop improvement |
Zea mays |
| global perspective on plant adaptation and trait correlations |
provides foundation for |
breeding tolerant crops |
|
| multi-target transformations |
show success in |
yield improvement |
|
| markers linked with useful segments in CWR |
can be used for |
introgression |
|
| crops with resistance to drought, soil salinity and insect damage |
have |
higher nutritional quality |
|
| LLPS applications in agriculture |
can enhance |
crop traits |
|
| efficient breeding strategies focused on stabilizing crop productivity under drought conditions |
is |
primary goal |
|
| improvement of crops in a user-defined manner |
is efficient and cost-effective without compromising |
other elite agronomic traits |
|
| increasing demand of soybean production |
necessitates |
Green Revolution for soybean |
Glycine max |
| similar genetic and functional relationships between EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3, PYK20, AT2G25930) and GIGANTEA (GI) in economically important crops |
could enable breeders to develop |
photoperiod-insensitive varieties lacking EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3, PYK20, AT2G25930) and GIGANTEA (GI) |
|
| cropPAL data set and search platform |
drives |
compartmentation-based approaches for improving yield, protein composition and resilience |
|
| CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing |
has accelerated |
crop improvement |
|
| low-cost commodity components and data acquisition and processing pipeline |
will enable |
use by breeders in many countries to inform strategies for enhancing crop performance |
|
| genome editing tools |
has potential to unlock |
full genetic potential of crops |
|
| engineering faster stomatal responses |
may be key strategy to |
enhance crop yield |
|
| recent modeling work on stomatal metabolism |
suggested |
guard cell starch as versatile engineering candidate |
|
| intraspecific genetic and environmental control of the relationships existing between physiological, molecular, and agronomic traits |
is of major importance to |
improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) using conventional breeding or genetic manipulation, as well as new agricultural practices |
|
| improvements in structural and reproductive aspects of growth |
enhances |
net agronomic benefits of genetic modifications |
|
| novel alleles of target genes |
enable |
assessment of candidate genes for crop improvement |
|
| two high-quality genomes together with genome-wide variations and numerous wild alleles |
provide valuable resources for |
future biological and breeding studies of fiber crop |
|
| genomics-driven biotechnology |
will generate prosperity by |
increasing plant quality |
|
| conservation agriculture |
accelerates impacts in |
drought-prone environments (DPE) |
|
| phenotyping |
is agricultural bottleneck |
agricultural bottleneck |
|
| disease resistant cassava varieties |
are developed through |
breeding |
Manihot esculenta |
| identified lines together with genomic information |
can be used in |
pre-breeding and genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) |
|
| genomic selection (GS) |
is advantageous for |
quantitative traits |
|
| wide genetic variation |
is |
hugely useful resource for cereal breeders and researchers |
|
| young scientists in developing countries |
require training to handle, analyze and interpret |
data sets from sequencing, genotyping, phenotyping, -omics and systems biology studies |
|
| superior parental lines |
will be identified and introduced into |
breeding programs |
|
| this issue |
will benefit |
breeding and engineering of crops with diminished need for water and fertilizers |
|
| CRISPR-Cas9 |
enables targeted modifications to improve |
drought tolerance |
|
| orphan (neglected or underutilized) crops in Africa |
are affected by |
little or no selection of improved genetic traits |
|
| Os07g32020 gene modification |
may open opportunities for |
selective breeding of rice metabolic trait |
Oryza sativa |
| biotechnological approaches |
enable utilization of |
quantitative resistance genes with minor effects |
|
| qualitative resistance |
has |
high level of resistance and easy manipulation |
|
| (AtNPF2.8, FST1, NPF2.8, AT5G28470) orthologs in cereals |
may provide |
new breeding targets for mitigating effects of climate change |
|
| liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) |
has potential applications in |
agriculture |
|
| research aimed at raising yield potential of wheat under agronomic conditions |
must achieve simultaneously |
enhance structural characteristics of wheat plants to ensure grain yield potential and quality are not sacrificed due to lodging |
Triticum spp |
| genetic engineering of N-glycan processing |
is important strategy for improvement of |
fruit crops |
|
| models including intra- and inter-individual variability of plants |
can inform |
strategies for crop selection |
|
| complexity of traits of interest |
results in |
slow genetic improvement of crop quality |
|
| use of antibiotic or herbicide resistance selectable markers |
hinders |
application of genetic transformation in crop improvement |
|
| Genomics and other biotechnology tools |
offer opportunity to improve |
subsistence crops |
|
| pre-breeding and genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) |
enables faster delivery of |
climate-resilient crops |
|
| understanding of hormone-controlled developmental processes and their adaptation according to environmental cues |
generates |
new perspectives for breeding of crop varieties with optimized resource efficiencies |
|
| insight into the way plants work |
will enable |
crop improvement through development of rationally designed strategies |
|
| enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in maize by combining genetic improvement and optimizing agronomic practices |
could contribute to |
yield improvement |
Zea mays L. |
| lowering fertilizer input |
has to be considered |
breeding plants with better nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) |
|
| yield potential |
will be required to increase |
progress towards increasing yield |
|
| returns in food production |
optimizes trade-offs with |
lodging resistance |
|
| understanding the role of (EAT, MIR172, MIR172B, AT5G04275) and its targets |
could provide |
new ways for manipulating reproductive development to improve crop productivity |
Oryza sativa; Zea mays; Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum |
| bioenergy crops |
can be bred or engineered to optimize |
foliar display in the canopy for light capture |
|
| effects of promising targets for engineering |
are often |
condition-/species-specific |
|
| improving lodging resistance |
is one of |
complementary approaches to increase yield |
|
| elucidating mechanisms of nutrition, metabolism, and epigenetic reprogramming |
holds implications for |
improving crop quality |
|
| high amylose barley |
provides opportunity to explore |
range of additional end-uses and benefits of this crop |
Hordeum vulgare |
| better understanding of the structural and functional aspects of GS |
helps to develop |
crop varieties with higher nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) |
|
| narrow genetic basis of many crops |
combined with |
restrictions on the commercial use of genetically modified plants |
|
| discoveries in fruit genetics and epigenetics |
likely to have major impact on |
strategies for crop improvement in fruit bearing species |
|
| novel breeding target |
can improve |
nutritional value |
Poaceae |
| pre-breeding |
is required to identify and transfer |
desirable traits and genes from un-adapted materials |
|
| role of crop wild relatives in hybridization and crop evolution |
has relevance for |
applied crop breeding |
|
| genome assembly |
is one of |
5G breeding approach |
|
| comprehensively applied 5G breeding |
can enhance |
efficiency of breeding programs |
|
| comprehensively applied 5G breeding |
can develop |
climate-resilient varieties |
|
| better understanding of thermomemory in crops |
enables |
precision genome editing to enhance field performance |
|
| future crop improvement efforts |
must rely on integrating |
various genomic strategies |
|
| exploiting diversity in SA synthesis, activation and signaling cascades |
can lead to |
additional molecular targets to aid breeding, genomic selection and/or CRISPR-based crop improvement |
|
| fundamentals of crop science |
should be built upon and used for improvements in |
genetics, agronomy and farm management |
|
| hybrid rice and 'super' rice or 'super' hybrid rice in China |
have become available |
breeding efforts |
Oryza sativa L. |
| aim of producing N-efficient crop genotypes for low input systems |
requires |
more consistent harmonized approach between molecular and agronomic research |
|
| bio-fortification |
aims to increase |
mineral content in crop varieties |
|
| semi-dwarfs |
were introduced |
wheat breeding history |
Triticum aestivum |
| this gene (SUE4, AT3G55880) |
has potential to improve |
low-sulphur-tolerance of crops |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| varied K acquisition and utilization efficiencies |
provides possibilities for |
selection or genetic modification of crop K nutrition efficiency |
|
| marker-assisted recurrent selection |
can be used to develop superior lines with |
an optimum combination of superior alleles through repeated inter-crossing |
|
| adaptation strategies |
include |
development of improved crop varieties |
|
| speed breeding facilities |
provides benefits for |
plant breeding |
|
| relatively long timelines for plant breeding |
makes appealing |
microbiome engineering approach |
|
| beneficial alleles identified in ancient genomes |
can be expected to be more easily assimilated when introduced into |
modern crops |
|
| internationally coordinated public wheat breeding efforts |
have focused on increasing |
resistance to disease and abiotic stress |
Triticum spp |
| ZmNL4 gene |
could be used to develop |
maize inbreds or hybrids displaying appropriate leaf width |
Zea mays |
| genomics |
has achieved recent progress in |
crop yield increase |
|
| incorporation of new sources of genetic variation |
enhances |
genetic gains |
|
| working with CWR in pre-breeding program |
is challenging due to |
crossing barrier and introduction of linkage drag from CWR |
|
| genome editing technologies |
can be used to convert |
un-adapted material into superior lines |
|
| comprehensively applied 5G breeding |
delivers |
high rate of genetic gain |
|
| genomics approaches |
are thought to be best solution for |
accelerating yield improvement |
Zea mays |
| root anatomical phenes |
represent |
promising yet underexplored and untapped source of crop breeding targets |
|
| introgression of contrasting root phene states |
could contribute to |
future yield gains |
Zea mays |
| rootstocks |
can close |
yield gap under suboptimal growing conditions |
|
| targeted breeding strategies |
aimed at developing |
resistant sugar beet variety |
Beta vulgaris |
| mRNA methylation |
has potential for |
biotechnological applications in developing stress-tolerant crops |
|
| Wheat Yield Consortium (WYC) |
combines |
research focused at the cellular level and genetic modification of structural and reproductive aspects of growth |
|
| understanding the physiology and genetic control of drought mechanisms |
will assist |
breeding programmes seeking to improve drought resistance in crop plants |
|
| conventional breeding |
has moved towards exploitation of |
transgenics, large-scale transcript and protein profiling data in conjunction with quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification |
|
| Functional molecular markers |
should provide resource for |
development of new crossing strategies |
|
| sugar beet breeding |
achieved progress in |
white-sugar yield |
|
| most influential factors underlying fast stomatal responses |
represent |
promising targets for engineering |
|
| STC1 / shoot biomass locus at bottom of chromosome A7 |
suggests that |
selection on reduced water loss during drought through reduced stomatal transpiration is expected to have disproportionately little effect on shoot biomass reduction |
|
| fine mapping and cloning of candidate genes underlying desired QTL |
will be useful in |
breeding Brassica rapa |
Brassica rapa |
| fine mapping and cloning of candidate genes underlying desired QTL |
will be useful in |
breeding other closely related species like Brassica juncea and Brassica napus |
Brassica juncea; Brassica napus |
| conventional breeding |
has raised |
yield in maize |
Zea mays |
| breeding |
has been associated with changes in |
kernel number |
|
| work on the role of (ATPHO1, PHO1, AT3G23430) in seeds |
is applicable to |
model plants, such as Arabidopsis, and crops |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| root traits |
are seen as a major focus in |
the second 'green revolution' |
|
| seed oil content enhancement through TDCA and biochemistry |
can be of great benefit in expanding |
food and non-food applications of canola |
Brassica napus |
| metabolic and genetic level studies using genomic-era analytical techniques |
may suggest targets for |
enhancement of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) remobilization processes in arable crops |
|
| antifungal peptides from insects |
are |
valuable source for crop plant improvements |
|
| successful future ideotypes |
are likely to require |
combination of traits |
|
| desired plasticity |
can be introduced into |
appropriate germplasm |
|
| intensive selection and agronomical research |
has already been done in |
Germany |
Lupinus mutabilis |
| barley breeding |
has successfully achieved both greater yields and smaller grain nitrogen percentage in |
barley germplasm |
Hordeum vulgare |
| selection for low grain nitrogen percentage and higher yields |
would develop lines with |
low fertilizer requirements and better yields |
Triticum aestivum |
| signaling components conserved between eudicots and monocots |
make them |
promising targets for the generation of global warming-resilient crops |
|
| differences in root traits |
need to be determined to contribute to |
improved N uptake, N use, and yield |
|
| increased root density at depth |
has been proposed as |
trait of focus for improved N acquisition by wheat |
|
| Insight into molecular mechanisms governing fruit quality traits |
is key prerequisite for |
development of strategies to improve banana quality traits |
|
| Post-harvest technology |
is strategy to |
improve banana quality traits |
|
| Citrullus colocynthis |
can be considered as |
source for improving drought tolerance via gene manipulation |
Citrullus colocynthis; Citrullus lanatus |
| crops |
are needed whose starch both quantitatively and qualitatively matches |
various human demands |
|
| wide hybridizations and cytogenetic approaches |
can make use of |
tolerant wild relatives |
|
| PCR markers generated in this study |
could be deployed by barley breeders for |
improving varieties |
Hordeum vulgare |
| root traits |
are notoriously difficult to select for in |
breeding programmes |
|
| screening for high initial stomatal conductance (gs,ini) |
is as simple and efficient as |
identifying high net CO2 assimilation (An) phenotypes through Fv/Fm measurements |
|
| genetic transformation |
improves |
crop productivity |
|
| mapping mineral QTLs in crops using populations grown under the same conditions as commercial growth |
will obtain |
most relevant results |
|
| hp mutations |
were introgressed into |
elite processing tomato cultivars |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| introgression of C-selected adaptive traits from wild Lupinus luteus germplasm |
may widen |
crop production range |
Lupinus luteus |
| Optimization of Root system architecture (RSA) |
should form the basis of |
second Green Revolution |
Triticum aestivum |
| defensive and developmental roles of (ATHPA1, EMB2196, HISN6A, HPA1, AT5G10330) 10–42 |
can be integrated into |
germplasm of wheat |
Triticum aestivum |
| benefits of root hairs |
are possibly only apparent up to |
a certain length |
|
| functional genetic variation for target traits |
is a key resource for |
developing higher yielding crop varieties |
Zea mays |
| useful genetic properties and gene alleles of P. miliaceum and its wild relatives |
are worthy of |
further characterization and exploitation in breeding programmes |
Panicum miliaceum |
| availability of molecular markers |
is a useful tool for developing |
near isogenic lines of wheat that vary in length of root hairs |
|
| breeding for one trait |
might negatively affect |
other traits |
|
| wheat breeding cycles in China |
resulted in |
~10% yield increases in each cycle |
Triticum aestivum |
| physiological or genetic mechanisms that underlie natural variation in species or cultivars |
may provide |
invaluable genetic resource that can be used to improve yield |
|
| work in molecular and genetic studies |
has not led to |
the definition of realistic crop ideotypes that possess modified root traits or increased nutrient use efficiency |
|
| unified approach |
is needed in which |
all components of NUE are isolated, and underlying traits quantified, based on defined supply of nutrients that can be translated from controlled to field conditions |
|
| lack of genetic variation in multiple crop species |
limits |
resources available for crop improvement |
|
| genetic improvement of crop quality |
is complicated by |
complexity of traits and environmental sensitivity |
|
| testing candidate genes |
will improve |
nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) |
|
| plant breeding |
has been the most efficient way to select |
crops, including lines or hybrids, adapted to particular climate and soil environment or able to grow under wider range of environmental constraints |
|
| HvNax4 |
may prove to offer |
yield advantage |
Hordeum vulgare |
| RNAi-mediated silencing |
is applicable for |
cereals |
|
| normal wheat yielding approximately 6 tonnes ha−1 |
could be converted to |
oil crop with 25% oil |
Triticum aestivum |
| selection of physiological traits |
have the potential to improve |
grain yield under drought in wheat |
|
| research aimed at raising yield potential of wheat under agronomic conditions |
must achieve simultaneously |
improve targeted adaptation of reproductive processes to major wheat agro-ecosystems |
Triticum spp |
| low heritabilities |
is a main difficulty in |
breeding for micronutrient-enhanced crops |
|
| Understanding regulatory events in bud set and endodormancy establishment |
will enable |
targeted adaptation of superior genotypes to alternative winter climate regions |
|
| improving the disease resistance of crops by incorporating antimicrobial peptides |
provides |
novel potential traits for further breeding efforts |
|
| understanding desiccation tolerance mechanisms |
holds promise for |
improvement of crop plants and production of agricultural, medicinal, and material products |
|
| in-depth transport activity, subcellular localization, tissue-specific expression, and regulatory networks of (AtNPF2.12, NPF2.12, NRT1.6, AT1G27080) |
could accelerate |
breeding of improved NUE |
Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare |
| epigenetic regulation |
contributes to creating |
valuable phenotypes |
Triticum aestivum |
| overexpression of TaNAC2-5A |
increases |
NUE |
Triticum aestivum |
| breeding programmes |
are being developed for |
cereal crops |
|
| maize in the USA |
has been selected to maximize yield in |
changing intensive management systems |
|
| productive way forward |
might be to examine |
root mass allocation down the soil profile in field conditions of standard and low nutrient inputs |
|
| better understanding of genetic bases of drought tolerance |
enables |
effective use of genetic and genomic approaches to improve drought tolerance |
Hordeum vulgare |
| mutagenesis |
is |
tool in crop improvement |
|
| hypothesis that large portion of chlorophyll (Chl) is dispensable for photosynthesis |
stimulated |
idea of reducing leaf chlorophyll (Chl) by means of biotechnological interventions to improve light use efficiency (LUE) throughout the full canopy |
|
| major improvement in grain yield potential during wheat breeding |
has been largely attributed to |
notable increases in aboveground biomass per unit area |
|
| RDR-based gene editing tools |
can manipulate |
crop yield |
|
| concurrent introgression of OsNR2-indica and OsNRT1.1B-indica |
enhances |
NUE |
Oryza sativa |
| development of drought-resistant crops |
improves |
global food security |
|
| CRISPR-Cas9 technology |
enables |
pyramiding of multiple target genes |
Cucumis sativus |
| breeding programs |
aim to improve |
quality |
Punica granatum L. |
| high WUE and drought tolerance |
make CAM an attractive pathway to engineer |
improved crop performance in water-limited environments |
|
| resistance breeding strategies |
may focus on |
elimination of S-genes |
|
| dehiscence resistance |
reduces |
yield loss |
|
| crop yield |
can be improved with |
selecting for yield potential |
|
| selection, breeding, and directed in planta biotechnological modification |
improve |
starch yield and quality |
|
| studies on OsNMD3 function |
provide opportunity for |
improving agronomic traits via manipulation of protein synthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| selection for yield potential |
is |
complementary approach to improve crop yield in dry environments |
|
| dwarf and semi-dwarf traits |
were identified and subsequently bred into |
high-yield lines |
|
| ancestral genome donors of polyploid crops |
identification allows |
identification of novel adaptive genotype combinations |
Panicum miliaceum |
| knowledge of the wild relatives and ancestors |
has proved valuable for |
introduction of new agronomic characters by broadening the genetic base available to breeders |
|
| geographic distributions of haplotype Hap-7A-3 |
indicated that marker for increasing grain number (GN) should have |
worldwide application |
Triticum aestivum |
| grafting |
has been used to |
improve crop quality and productivity |
|
| integral approach to iron uptake, transport, storage, and remobilization mechanisms |
will be needed before |
further progress in seed iron biofortification |
Triticum aestivum |
| targeted gene manipulation techniques |
enables |
generation of crops producing designed gametes |
|
| selective manipulation of suberization at the organ or tissue level |
is desirable to |
maximize stress tolerance and digestibility |
|
| indirect methods |
can provide |
cost-effective benefits such as expanding the genetic basis for selection |
|
| analysis of the development of the NP |
addresses |
important yield-related traits |
|
| further increases in frequency of haplotype Hap-7A-3 |
should lead to |
higher overall grain yields |
Triticum aestivum |
| broadly drought-tolerant crop plants |
do not incur unnecessary losses in |
yield or growth |
|
| deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms behind lateral root production |
is potentially of great importance for |
targeted crop breeding |
Triticum aestivum |
| determination of functional utility of root phene states |
could contribute to |
future yield gains |
Zea mays |
| metabolic engineering |
could be used to improve |
crop yield |
|
| combination of multiple QTLs (QTL pyramiding) |
offers a straightforward and useful way for improving |
target traits in rice |
Oryza sativa |
| new cultivar backgrounds with desirable traits |
are targets for |
additional genetic modifications aimed at improving crop yields |
|
| seed size |
is |
key agronomic trait |
|