| cold hardiness |
enables trees to tolerate |
adverse growing conditions for photosynthesis |
|
| means of site level parameters |
different from |
PFT-level parameters |
|
| plants in climates with low spring temperatures and high spring temperature variability |
deploy |
higher leaf freezing resistance |
|
| sucrose (Suc) |
accumulation correlates with |
cold stress tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold-acclimation effects on light use efficiency (LUE) |
considers |
delayed effects of minimum temperatures |
|
| many trees, especially evergreens |
maintain |
cold hardiness |
|
| successful cold acclimation of Col-0 to 10°C |
leads to |
flowering |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| REIL proteins |
are required for |
rapid accumulation of cytosolic ribosome subunits after cold shift |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMSRB3, MSRB3, AT4G04800) |
reveals a critical role of MSRs in |
process of cold acclimation in plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold acclimation |
results in |
global reprogramming of metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reil1-1 reil2-1 |
remains physiologically capable of |
wild-type cold acclimation responses at transcriptomic level |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold stress |
induced |
cell wall biogenesis |
Triticum aestivum |
| relationships between fitted parameters and other environmental variables |
found no consistent patterns |
|
|
| noncoding polymorphism in the FLOWERING LOCUS C (AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6, AT5G10140) promoter |
enables |
adaptation to cold winter temperatures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| relationship between parameters and T min in different PFTs |
not significant |
|
|
| largest (GPP, VTC4, AT3G02870) reductions (lowest mean f T) |
simulated for sites with |
lowest winter-mean T min |
|
| remodeling of translational apparatus |
is confirmed with expected delay between |
gene expression maximum and subsequent protein accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| REIL |
either directly or indirectly modifies |
temperature perception by suppressing premature low-temperature acclimation responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| delayed shoot apex development |
is linked to |
induction of cold tolerance |
Triticum aestivum |
| Wcor410 |
is responsive to |
ABA |
|
| smaller fitted parameter values for τ, X 0, and S max in ENF |
indicates |
faster acclimation rate, lower temperature threshold for initiation of acclimation, and lower temperature upper limit for inhibiting photosynthesis |
|
| Col-0 |
shows mostly nonresponsive |
chloroplast ribosomal protein genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION (ICE)-C-REPEAT-BINDING FACTORS (CBF)-COLD REGULATED (COR) transcriptional cascade |
is |
only well-characterized cold acclimation pathway |
|
| 47 CORs (DHNS, ECHID, AT1G60550) |
emphasized |
important role in cold tolerance during autumn cold acclimation |
Triticum aestivum |
| active translation after cold shift |
is required for |
cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduced polysome abundance |
agrees with |
growth arrest |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| activation of DREB/CBF regulon |
was highly similar to |
wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold-responsive genes containing the C-repeat/dehydration-responsive motif and ABA response cis-elements |
are responsive to |
ABA |
|
| reil1-1 reil2-1 mutant |
acquired |
freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold acclimation pathways |
is conserved among |
different plant species |
|
| spring Norstar (SN) |
is almost as cold tolerant as |
winter Norstar (NO) under short days that delay plant development |
Triticum aestivum |
| nonacclimated reil1-1 reil2-1 |
shows preference for |
cold acclimation factors (ATCBF1, CBF1, DREB1B, AT4G25490) , (ATCBF2, CBF2, DREB1C, FTQ4, AT4G25470) , and (ATCBF3, CBF3, DREB1A, AT4G25480) over heat and osmotic components (DREB2, DREB2A, AT5G05410) and (DREB2, DREB2B, AT3G11020) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CHY1, AT5G65940) mutant plants |
compared to |
wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| REILs |
clearly play role in |
cold-acclimating mature leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold acclimation |
occurs in response to |
period of exposure to low temperatures prior to onset of −0°C |
|
| soil temperature increase after September 22 |
resulted in greater |
cold tolerance (LT 50) |
|
| cold stress |
induced |
various signaling pathways from temperature, hormones, and oxygen-containing molecules |
Triticum aestivum |
| cold responses |
showed |
genes in signaling receptor kinases and RNA regulation of transcription were up-regulated (C3–C7) |
Triticum aestivum |
| HvCBF2 in barley and TaCBF14, TaCBF15, and TaCBF16 in wheat |
are expressed at higher levels in |
winter genotype than in spring genotype |
Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum |
| investigations of reil1-1 reil2-1 |
show surprisingly limited effects |
largely not confounded by cell death during cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| molecular basis of cold acclimation and acquired freezing tolerance |
has been studied extensively in |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (REM39, VRN1, AT3G18990) |
directly regulates |
CBF genes |
|
| delaying the VRT |
confers |
greater cold tolerance in wheat |
Triticum aestivum |
| cold acclimation |
helps plants adapt to |
low temperature |
|
| evergreen species leaves |
lack |
growth and interference of endodormancy transition during cold acclimation (CA) |
|
| results from this study |
provide |
comprehensive recognition of differences between field and artificial cold acclimation (CA) |
|
| Artificial cold acclimation (A-CA) treatment |
increases |
leaf freezing tolerance (LFT) |
|
| high light stress in overwintering leaves |
could positively increase |
freezing tolerance (FT) |
|
| (VIN3, AT5G57380) |
is induced within 1 day of experiencing |
cold temperatures |
|
| Arabidopsis (FZF, REIL2, STCH4, AT2G24500) |
gene expression is activated after shift to |
low temperatures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold-activated (ATICE1, ICE1, SCREAM, SCRM, AT3G26744) genes |
rapidly up-regulate |
expression of CBF genes |
Triticum aestivum |
| 47 CORs (DHNS, ECHID, AT1G60550) |
but only |
one (ATICE1, ICE1, SCREAM, SCRM, AT3G26744) gene were up-regulated |
Triticum aestivum |
| cold-induced expression of VRN2L in leaves |
is reminiscent to that of |
C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR genes |
Brachypodium spp. |
| results |
indicate that |
REIL function also may be important for young leaf or root tissue that grows and develops in cold |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rapid increase in histone H3 acetylation at region VIN3.1 |
may be required for |
(VIN3, AT5G57380) expression in response to short-term cold treatment |
|
| endogenous phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) levels |
increase in |
Arabidopsis thaliana during low-temperature exposure |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clusters C8 to C10 |
was |
down-regulated as autumn progressed to winter |
Triticum aestivum |
| differential histone modifications |
mediate |
cold sensing |
|
| (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) |
is a modulator of |
cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold acclimation of Col-0 to 10°C |
increases |
(FZF, REIL2, STCH4, AT2G24500) mRNA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold acclimation |
enables plants to acquire |
freezing tolerance |
|
| thousands of genes in wheat |
were affected during |
cold treatment in controlled environments |
Triticum aestivum |
| most biological processes |
were affected but |
numbers of genes in each pathway varied according to types of gene expression |
Triticum aestivum |
| cold responses |
showed |
protein synthesis, protein degradation, and amino acid metabolism were down-regulated (C8–C10) |
Triticum aestivum |
| MA genetic background |
is |
more sensitive to cold stress relative to that of NO |
Triticum aestivum |
| wheat |
has evolved |
cold tolerance strategies |
Triticum aestivum |
| C-REPEAT/DRE BINDING FACTOR1/DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN1B ( (ATCBF1, CBF1, DREB1B, AT4G25490) , .1), (ATCBF2, CBF2, DREB1C, FTQ4, AT4G25470) ( .1), and (ATCBF3, CBF3, DREB1A, AT4G25480) ( .1) |
were part of |
set of DEGs that belonged to cold acclimation and response to cold GO terms |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants lacking (ATMSRB3, MSRB3, AT4G04800) |
lose their ability to tolerate |
freezing temperatures following a pre-treatment to cold conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| subunit composition |
changes dynamically |
relative abundance of 60S (AtGGPPS11, AtGGPS11, AtLSU, GGPPS11, GGPS1, IDS11, LSU, AT4G36810) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| strong and specific activation of cytosolic ribosomal protein gene expression |
supports conclusion that |
10°C acclimation of Col-0 involves activation of cytosolic ribosome biogenesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold stress |
induced |
membrane lipid remolding |
Triticum aestivum |
| ABA-dependent pathway |
contains |
14 DEGs |
Triticum aestivum |
| CBF genes |
subsequently initiate |
transcription of various COR genes |
Triticum aestivum |
| plant acclimation to cold conditions |
involves |
alterations in lipid composition |
|
| (CHY1, AT5G65940) mutant plants |
are less tolerant to |
freezing stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PRPL33, (EMB3113, PRPS5, RPS5, SCA1, uS5c, AT2G33800) and RDB1 mutants |
are associated with impaired acclimation to |
cold |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NO genetic background |
gave |
SN a cold tolerance advantage over WM |
Triticum aestivum |
| expression of CBFs |
displayed |
diurnal pattern |
Triticum aestivum |
| cold treatments in Arabidopsis seedlings |
down-regulate |
GA20ox transcript levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATICE1, ICE1, SCREAM, SCRM, AT3G26744) mutation |
significantly reduces |
chilling tolerance |
|
| (VIN3, AT5G57380) induction |
occurs via |
distinct transcriptional pathways |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| previous microarray studies |
identified |
16 CBFs and three ICE1-encoding genes as cold-regulated genes |
Triticum aestivum |
| ectopic overexpression of (ATCBF3, CBF3, DREB1A, AT4G25480) |
results in |
increased freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CBF regulon |
has critical role in |
cold acclimation |
|
| 80 genes that were up-regulated and 41 down-regulated genes in cold-responsive pathways |
were identified |
in cold-responsive pathways |
Triticum aestivum |
| cold treatments in Arabidopsis seedlings |
up-regulate |
GA2ox transcript levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nonacclimated reil1-1 reil2-1 |
mimics |
metabolic phenotype of 10°C cold-acclimating Col-0 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold tolerance strategies |
optimize |
autumn seedling growth and development |
Triticum aestivum |
| CBF pathway |
contains |
47 genes up-regulated and 6 down-regulated |
Triticum aestivum |
| Col-0 wild-type plants |
resumed growth and development after lag phase of approximately 1 or 2 weeks upon |
temperature shift from 20°C to 10°C or 4°C regime |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytosolic translational apparatus |
is remodeled at level of |
translation initiation factors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| accumulation of compatible osmolytes |
includes |
proline |
|
| plants |
transferred to |
4°C growth cabinet at 16-h day length with 90 μE m−2 s−1 for 14 d |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold-acclimation responses |
includes activation of |
DREB/CBF regulon |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| translation elongation factor2-like protein mutants |
demonstrate requirement of |
active translation after cold shift |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wheat winter survival |
involves |
cold acclimation |
Triticum aestivum |
| Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis |
revealed that |
various biological processes were affected during cold acclimation |
Triticum aestivum |
| up-regulated genes (clusters C3–C7) |
were highly enriched in |
cell wall organization or biogenesis, lipid metabolism, response to stimulus and hormones, and response to oxygen-containing compound |
Triticum aestivum |
| total magnitude of metabolic changes |
was not related to |
increase in freezing tolerance of different Arabidopsis accessions during acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| acidic PEPC2 forms |
increased in abundance |
upon cold treatment |
|
| Ca2+, ABA and JA signaling transduction |
promotes |
plant growth cessation and cold acclimation (CA) |
|
| nine genes encoding (ATCBF3, CBF3, DREB1A, AT4G25480) COLD REGULATED314 THYLAKOID MEMBRANE 2 (COR314-TM2, COR413IM2, AT1G29390) COLD-REGULATED413 PLASMA MEMBRANE PROTEIN1, COLD SHOCK120 (CS120), three CS66s, cold acclimation protein WCOR410b, and LOW EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES2 (ENO2, LOS2, AT2G36530) |
were highly expressed in |
NO and SN |
Triticum aestivum |
| ICE-CBF-COR pathway |
has been suggested to be functionally conserved in |
different plant species |
|
| SAGA-like transcriptional co-activator complex |
regulates |
expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ABA increase |
could induce tissues to cease growing and enter |
cold acclimation (CA) status |
|
| Dehydroascorbic acid dimer |
contributes to the prediction of |
freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants grown under short-day conditions |
were acclimated at |
4°C for 1 week |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming |
increases |
freezing tolerance |
|
| leaves with higher freezing tolerance (FT) had DEG encoding (HY5, TED 5, AT5G11260) |
and its expression increased ~3.4-fold |
(HY5, TED 5, AT5G11260) expression |
|
| fructose |
contributes to the prediction of |
freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C-repeat/DRE binding factors (CBFs) |
are induced in |
(ADA2B, PRZ1, AT4G16420) mutants |
|
| (ATCBF1, CBF1, DREB1B, AT4G25490) |
might stimulate transcription through recruitment of |
SAGA-like complexes |
|
| non-freezing cold temperature exposure |
activates |
metabolic reprogramming |
|
| ABA-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis |
lost ability to increase |
freezing tolerance (FT) during cold acclimation (CA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| seasonal adaptation of cellular functions |
reflects |
acclimation that could account for the survival of Norway spruce needles in harsh boreal environmental conditions |
Picea abies |
| plants |
need to adapt their metabolism to |
increase freezing tolerance |
|
| DEG encoding (LHY, LHY1, AT1G01060) |
exhibited strong upregulation during cold acclimation (CA) in Experiment I |
cold acclimation (CA) |
|
| plants from temperate climates |
increase in freezing tolerance during |
exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures |
|
| galactose |
contributes to the prediction of |
freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold |
induces |
association with insoluble cell structures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| light signals before low temperatures |
are essential for further increasing |
freezing tolerance (FT) |
|
| cold-induced changes of gene expression and metabolism |
are critical for |
plant survival of freezing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| light quality |
could induce |
ABA increase |
|
| (BGT, GCN5, HAC3, HAG01, HAG1, HAT1, AT3G54610) mutants |
show reduced transcription of |
cold-regulated (COR) genes |
|
| ABA and JA concentrations in Experiment II |
showed opposite changes under |
long photoperiod |
|
| Col-0 accession |
shows |
intermediate changes in metabolite pool sizes during cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TCA cycle intermediates |
are associated with |
heterosis in freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorophyll (a + b) in Experiment III |
were higher than in Experiment II |
Experiment II |
|
| non-acclimated gcn5-1 mutant plants |
are not more freezing tolerant than |
non-acclimated wild-type plants |
|
| different processes of field cold acclimation (F-CA) and artificial cold acclimation (A-CA) |
result in |
different freezing tolerance (FT) after complete or incomplete cold acclimation (CA) |
|
| all differences between field cold acclimation (F-CA) and artificial cold acclimation (A-CA) |
result in |
weak freezing tolerance (FT) in artificial cold acclimation (A-CA) |
|
| metabolite profiling |
has indicated |
major reprogramming of plant metabolism in the cold |
|
| AtGCN5 and AtADA2b-containing SAGA-like complex |
may function together with |
C-repeat/DRE binding factors (CBFs) |
|
| PUFAs |
are reported to accumulate during |
cold stress |
|
| constitutive expression of (ATCBF1, CBF1, DREB1B, AT4G25490) |
led to |
frost tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants stressed following 24 h acclimation period |
show suppression of |
downstream PLDα transcription |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| light intensity |
could induce |
ABA increase |
|
| high light intensity stress during cold acclimation (CA) |
would result in |
great freezing tolerance (FT) |
|
| upregulation of (HY5, TED 5, AT5G11260) |
ensured complete development of cold acclimation (CA) in Arabidopsis via integrating |
low temperature and light signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| processes of field cold acclimation (F-CA) and artificial cold acclimation (A-CA) |
are quite different, including |
hormone signaling transduction, degree of photoinhibition/photoprotection, fatty acid metabolism and respiration |
|
| anthocyanin |
increases |
freezing tolerance (FT) |
|
| non-freezing cold temperature exposure |
activates |
transcriptional reprogramming |
|
| starch-degrading genes |
were up-regulated in |
1 or 4 d under cold conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glucan-water dikinase ( (GWD, GWD1, SEX1, SOP, SOP1, AT1G10760) and (ATGWD2, GWD3, PWD, AT4G24450, At4g24450) ) |
were up-regulated in |
1 or 4 d under cold conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants exposed to reduced light intensity during cold acclimation (CA) and/or unchanged day-length |
were studied with |
short-term cold acclimation (CA) period |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HP59, pSUT, AT5G59250) |
is a modulator of |
cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C24 accession |
shows |
largest changes in metabolite pool sizes during cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TCA cycle intermediates |
increased rapidly in early stage |
within 4 h of cold treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tomato leaves with relatively high expression of SlHY5 |
exhibited enhanced |
freezing tolerance (FT) |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| exposure of plants to low temperature |
causes |
metabolism was largely reprogrammed |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fumaric acid |
contributes to the prediction of |
freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ABA increase |
could increase |
low freezing tolerance (LFT) |
|
| proline |
contributes to the prediction of |
freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ABA level |
gradually decreased with increase of |
freezing tolerance (FT) |
|
| photoperiod |
could induce |
ABA increase |
|
| cellular cold signalling networks |
prepares the cell for |
onset of winter |
|
| successful cold acclimation of Col-0 to 10°C |
starts with |
growth arrest of approximately 1 week |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| much less effort |
has been devoted to |
elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms to gradual temperature decline during the autumn-winter progression in natural conditions |
Triticum aestivum |
| cytosolic MSRA protein |
abundance increases during |
acclimation to low temperature |
Secale cereale |
| transcript levels of biosynthetic genes |
responded more slowly |
increased during 12–24 h and sustained |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MtCBF4 activation of downstream genes |
regulates |
cold tolerance |
Medicago truncatula |
| 3 °C |
is used as |
acclimation temperature |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| RNA secondary structure unwinding |
has important roles in regulating |
freezing tolerance |
|
| MtCBF4 regulation by MtMYB3 and MtMYB61 |
occurs during |
cold acclimation |
Medicago truncatula |
| CBF regulons of Solanum commersonii and Solanum tuberosum |
differ in |
sets of genes |
Solanum commersonii; Solanum tuberosum |
| Cor (LEA, AT2G21490) genes |
transcript accumulation is higher in |
freezing-tolerant M808 |
Triticum aestivum |
| 90 mM sucrose in lower epidermis |
had much less effect than |
40 mM sucrose on (COR78, LTI140, LTI78, RD29A, AT5G52310) transcript abundance |
|
| PpCBF1 T166 transgenic apple trees |
showed |
increased cold tolerance |
Malus domestica |
| (CP29A, AT3G53460) |
is a modulator of |
cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| M. falcata |
accumulates more soluble sugars than |
alfalfa |
Medicago sativa subsp. falcata; Medicago sativa subsp. sativa |
| C3 leaves |
are protected from freezing injury through |
cold acclimation process |
Amaranthus semialata |
| three C3 and two C4 species |
displayed |
cold acclimation response |
|
| Wsc120 from Triticum aestivum |
expression profiles at |
proteomic level |
Triticum aestivum |
| MtCBF4 |
activates expression of |
MtCAS15 |
Medicago truncatula |
| low nonfreezing temperatures |
triggers development of |
freezing tolerance |
|
| cold acclimation |
obtains |
cold tolerance |
|
| compatible osmolytes |
include |
proline |
|
| plants from temperate and cold climates |
increase in freezing tolerance during |
exposure to low, but non-freezing, temperatures |
|
| four structurally unknown metabolites |
are highly predictive for |
a complex trait such as freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtGCN5 and AtADA2b-containing SAGA-like complex |
regulates |
cold-regulated (COR) gene expression |
|
| different changes in respiration during field cold acclimation (F-CA) and artificial cold acclimation (A-CA) |
were presented during |
field cold acclimation (F-CA) and artificial cold acclimation (A-CA) |
|
| cold acclimation |
activates |
multiple regulatory pathways |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ectopic expression of (ATCBF1, CBF1, DREB1B, AT4G25490) driven by the CaMV-35S constitutive promoter |
significantly enhanced |
freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold-regulated (COR) genes |
function is to protect |
cell membranes |
|
| Miscanthus |
show |
greater degree of cold acclimation capacity |
Miscanthus |
| MtCBF4 |
is regulated by |
MtMYB3 |
Medicago truncatula |
| temperate plants |
are capable of developing |
freezing tolerance |
|
| RNA splicing |
has important roles in regulating |
chilling tolerance |
|
| transient nature of gene expression induced by cold treatment |
may reflect activation of |
transcriptional cascades |
Alstroemeria |
| PLDα1 deficient plants |
showed stronger expression in response to |
cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold acclimation |
leads to |
freezing tolerance |
|
| CRT (C-repeat)/DRE (dehydration response element) |
is present in the promoter of |
COR (cold-regulated) genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCBF1, CBF1, DREB1B, AT4G25490) (ATCBF2, CBF2, DREB1C, FTQ4, AT4G25470) and (ATCBF3, CBF3, DREB1A, AT4G25480) |
is followed by expression of |
CBF-targeted genes (the CBF regulon) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduced ABA levels |
impair |
freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Field non-acclimation (F-NA) sample |
has |
leaf LT 50 of −4.3°C |
|
| circadian rhythm pathway |
is common pathway enriched in |
each two-pair comparison |
|
| lack of correlation between (HY5, TED 5, AT5G11260) expression and ABA accumulation |
may be |
one of differences identified between herbaceous plants and woody perennials |
|
| DREB1/CBF and (HOS9, PFS2, WOX6, AT2G01500) /HOS10 pathways |
play a pivotal role in |
development of freezing tolerance upon low-temperature treatment |
|
| chilling, non-freezing temperatures |
leads to development of resistance under |
freezing temperatures |
|
| sorbitol |
did not induce |
high (COR78, LTI140, LTI78, RD29A, AT5G52310) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| depression of osmotic potential |
was associated with |
acquisition of cold acclimation in some C3 and C4 species |
|
| cold acclimation |
occurs after exposure to |
low temperatures >0°C |
|
| cellular metabolic signals |
have important roles in regulating |
chilling tolerance |
|
| plants |
develop tolerance to freezing after exposure to |
low, non-freezing temperatures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold-regulated (COR) genes |
function is to prevent |
cellular dehydration |
|
| ectopic expression of (ATCBF1, CBF1, DREB1B, AT4G25490) driven by the CaMV-35S constitutive promoter |
induced |
expression of COR genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 10 °C |
is not |
acclimation temperature |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| (AtFAD2, FAD2, AT3G12120) expression patterns |
correlates with |
lipid profiles |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| CBF cold-response pathway |
includes activity of |
three transcription factors, namely (ATCBF1, CBF1, DREB1B, AT4G25490) (ATCBF2, CBF2, DREB1C, FTQ4, AT4G25470) and (ATCBF3, CBF3, DREB1A, AT4G25480) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HOS10 |
is speculated to regulate |
ABA-mediated cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CBF regulon |
collectively known as |
stress-responsive genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold acclimation |
is |
process of acquiring freezing tolerance |
|
| Arabidopsis |
increase frost tolerance in response to |
low, non-freezing temperatures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Solanum commersonii and Solanum tuberosum |
have CBF regulons composed of |
hundreds of genes |
Solanum commersonii; Solanum tuberosum |
| spring habit and winter habit |
are tightly linked to |
frost tolerance genes |
Triticum aestivum L. |
| winter Manitou |
reaches lowest LT 50 of –13.3 °C at 42 d |
cold hardiness |
|
| sugars |
are implicated in regulation of |
cold-acclimation |
|
| C4 species from this ecosystem |
have no inherent barrier to the development of |
cold acclimation |
|
| Egu CBF 1a/b genes |
exhibit |
very fast and strong cold regulation |
Eucalyptus gunnii |
| cold acclimation at 17 °C |
resulted in induction of |
one of the four PLDα variants |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| differences in composition of CBF regulons |
may involve |
differences in freezing tolerance response to CBF overexpression |
Arabidopsis thaliana; poplar; tomato; rice |
| dehydrins |
are among |
COR genes that have been extensively studied |
|
| reciprocal near-isogenic lines (NILs) for the Vrn-A1 locus |
were developed to determine |
genetic and biochemical effect of Vrn-A1 locus on wheat LT tolerance |
Triticum aestivum L. |
| (COR78, LTI140, LTI78, RD29A, AT5G52310) transcript abundance |
increase is detectable earlier than |
6–24 h time point |
|
| 40 mM sorbitol in lower epidermis in cold and dark |
did not increase |
(COR78, LTI140, LTI78, RD29A, AT5G52310) transcript abundance |
|
| oxygen-evolving enhancer protein, Rubisco activase, phosphoglycerate kinase, NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, Rieske protein, chlorophyll a / b binding protein, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, thioredoxin M-type, triosephosphate isomerase, glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase, GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase, thiamine biosynthetic enzyme, and translation elongation factor Tu |
have already been found after cold treatment in |
Arabidopsis thaliana or Oryza sativa |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa |
| cold-regulated genes |
constitute |
4–20% of the genome |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sucrose supply in cold and dark |
had similar effects on freezing tolerance as on |
GUS activity and (COR78, LTI140, LTI78, RD29A, AT5G52310) transcript abundance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cryoprotection |
probably requires |
high concentrations of sucrose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overwintering plants that contain carbohydrate reserve |
do not require |
light for acclimation |
Triticum aestivum |
| modulation of activities of various enzymes |
plays a role in |
preventing freezing-induced cellular damage |
|
| proteomic analysis |
has not been previously conducted on |
frost tolerance in grasses |
Lolium–Festuca complex |
| more accumulation of soluble sugars in M. falcata |
is associated with |
greater freezing tolerance |
Medicago sativa subsp. falcata |
| spring habit and winter habit |
have been shown to influence |
level of LT tolerance |
Triticum aestivum L. |
| gene expression patterns during LT acclimation |
have been conducted on |
RNA extracted from leaves |
Triticum aestivum L. |
| genotype × acclimation period interaction |
affects |
LT 50 |
|
| cold acclimation |
induces |
genes with various functions |
|
| Wdreb2 |
transcript accumulation is higher in |
freezing-tolerant M808 |
Triticum aestivum |
| significant differences in protein accumulation profiles |
appeared most often after |
26 h (2nd day) of cold acclimation |
Festuca pratensis |
| (ATFP6, AtHMP40, FP6, HIPP26, AT4G38580) Fp17, Fp23, Fp30, Fp34, Fp38, and Fp39 plants |
show high values of |
regrowth after freezing at –8 °C |
Festuca pratensis |
| evg mutant trees |
remain capable of |
some cold hardiness induction in response to cold temperatures |
Prunus persica |
| (ATRBP31, ATRBP33, CP31, CP31A, RBP31, AT4G24770) |
is a modulator of |
cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| compatible osmolytes |
include |
glycine betaine |
|
| cellular metabolic signals |
have important roles in regulating |
freezing tolerance |
|
| ability to germinate at low temperature |
probably involves |
induction of cold-acclimation mechanisms |
|
| 53 groups of putative orthologous genes |
are cold-regulated in |
Solanum commersonii, Solanum tuberosum, and Arabidopsis thaliana |
Solanum commersonii; Solanum tuberosum; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rapid evolution of CBF pathways |
may contribute to |
differences in freezing tolerance |
Solanum commersonii; Solanum tuberosum |
| cold shock proteins (CSPs) |
are induced at high levels during |
cold acclimation phase |
|
| acclimation period |
affects |
LT 50 |
|
| LT acclimation patterns |
were consistent with |
previously reported patterns |
|
| ectopic expression of Wcbf2 and Wdreb2 |
improved |
freezing tolerance |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| ICE-DREB1/CBF system |
drives |
cold-acclimation processes |
|
| (COR78, LTI140, LTI78, RD29A, AT5G52310) |
typically reaches peak of expression at |
6–24 h in the cold |
|
| 0 mM sucrose in leaves without lower epidermis in other environments |
gave higher COR78 transcript abundance than |
controls on soil |
|
| 0 mM sucrose in leaves without lower epidermis in warm and dark |
gave higher transcript abundance than |
40 mM and 90 mM sucrose |
|
| underlying mechanisms of cold acclimation response |
have not been reported |
scientific literature |
|
| timing of floral transition |
is one of the determining factors for |
low temperature (LT) tolerance |
winter wheat |
| time point at which differences were most often observed |
was at |
26 h of cold acclimation |
Festuca pratensis |
| Norstar |
reaches lowest LT 50 of –23 °C at 49 d |
cold hardiness |
|
| chilling pretreatment |
indicates development of |
frost protection in C3 subspecies |
Amaranthus semialata |
| (HOS9, PFS2, WOX6, AT2G01500) /HOS10 pathway |
contributes to only a part of |
plant's acclimation capacity |
|
| sucrose |
promoted expression in |
warm environment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| six C3 and three C4 Mongolian steppe grasses |
were exposed to |
20 d chilling or control pre-treatments |
|
| timing of floral transition |
is an important factor that affects |
LT tolerance levels in winter wheat |
Triticum aestivum |
| more frost-tolerant plants, including species from Lolium–Festuca complex |
tend to be more tolerant to |
cold-induced photoinhibition of photosynthesis |
Lolium–Festuca complex |
| downstream genes |
play important roles in |
development of freezing tolerance |
|
| cold acclimation |
is generally associated with |
changes in gene-expression levels |
|
| CBF/DREB1 regulon |
is |
important pathway involved in cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PA/PC+PE ratio |
does not increase during |
cold acclimation in light |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| LT tolerance |
shows most rapid changes during |
initial stages of LT acclimation |
Triticum aestivum L. |
| light |
strongly affects |
acclimation to cold |
|
| cold acclimation |
is associated with |
many structural, physiological, and biochemical changes within plant cells |
|
| MS analyses of differentially accumulated proteins |
could be |
an efficient way for the identification of crucial proteins involved in tolerance to low temperature stress |
|
| proteins directly involved in photosynthesis |
were major group selected as |
differentially accumulated proteins before and during cold acclimation between plants of different frost tolerance levels |
Festuca pratensis |
| cold acclimation |
is associated with |
accumulation of compatible osmolytes |
|
| sucrose concentrations used in experiments |
reflected |
concentrations found in plants during normal acclimation to cold |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Festuca pratensis |
is used as model for |
research on cold acclimation of forage grasses |
Festuca pratensis |
| freezing at –11 °C |
is used to discriminate |
Festuca genotypes according to their frost tolerance |
Festuca pratensis |
| chloroplast proteins |
constituted main group of |
differentially accumulated proteins identified in current work |
Festuca pratensis |
| cold-acclimated (CA) plants |
were grown under |
light and dark conditions (12/12 h light/dark, 120 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increase in freezing tolerance |
helps plants to survive |
freezing |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Solanum commersonii |
can |
cold acclimate |
Solanum commersonii |
| 40 mM sucrose in lower epidermis in cold dark and warm light |
gave COR78 transcript abundance 25 times higher than |
0 mM solution |
|
| proteomic research |
is first comprehensive study of |
cold acclimation in monocotyledonous species |
Festuca pratensis |
| Oryza sativa |
cannot |
cold acclimate and develop frost tolerance |
Oryza sativa |
| chlorophyll a / b -binding protein accumulation |
shows recovery only in |
HFT plants |
Festuca pratensis |
| low winter temperatures |
induce |
cold acclimation |
|
| reproductive stage |
limits |
plants' ability to cold acclimate |
Triticum aestivum L. |
| chilling pretreatment |
modifies patterns of leaf freezing injury substantially, with differential response between |
C3 and C4 subspecies |
Amaranthus semialata |
| cold acclimation in C4 subspecies |
does not develop |
in C4 leaves |
Amaranthus semialata |
| osmotic adjustment |
may accompany |
acclimation to chilling in C3 but not C4 grasses |
|
| Festuca pratensis cv. Skra population |
shows high variation in |
frost tolerance |
Festuca pratensis |
| sucrose effect on (COR78, LTI140, LTI78, RD29A, AT5G52310) transcript abundance in leaves without lower epidermis |
was much less than |
effect in lower epidermis |
|
| plants |
respond by activating |
mechanism of cold acclimation (CA) |
|
| maximal differences in frost tolerance between HFT and LFT genotypes |
were finally observed at |
21 days of cold acclimation |
Festuca pratensis |
| Solanum commersonii |
increases in freezing tolerance in response to |
low temperature |
Solanum commersonii |
| differences in cold regulatory programmes |
may contribute to |
differences in freezing tolerance |
Solanum commersonii; Solanum tuberosum |
| Wlip19 |
transcript accumulation is higher in |
freezing-tolerant M808 |
Triticum aestivum |
| Solanum tuberosum cv. Irga |
displays |
low capacity for cold acclimation |
Solanum tuberosum |
| noticeable Ss (ATLTP1, AtLtpI-4, LP1, LTP1, AT2G38540) accumulation upon cold treatment |
was observed only in |
plants able to acclimate to low temperature |
Solanum |
| sugars |
may regulate |
cold-acclimation |
|
| optimal sucrose concentration |
was not constant, changing from 40 mM to 3 mM between |
second and fourth days of treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 10 proteins (spot nos 4, 7, 8, 9, 21, 24, 25, 26, 28, and 30) |
showed differences in abundance after |
21 days of cold acclimation |
Festuca pratensis |
| Egu CBF 1a/b genes |
exhibit robust induction of |
118-fold and 190-fold |
Eucalyptus gunnii |
| cold acclimation |
is characterized by |
growth cessation, bud dormancy, leaf senescence, and abscission |
|
| (ATCBF1, CBF1, DREB1B, AT4G25490) overexpression |
causes phenotypes associated with |
freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants adapted to temperate environments |
have |
considerable freezing tolerance |
|
| CBF regulon |
has |
fundamental role in cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Cereal lip19 genes |
are assumed to play regulatory role in |
gene expression during cold acclimation |
|
| ns-LTP1 participates in |
is supported by |
the fact that two S. sogarandinum lines displaying the same genetic background and only differing in their capacity to acclimatize to cold were used |
Solanum sogarandinum |
| (COR78, LTI140, LTI78, RD29A, AT5G52310) transcript levels at 24 h in warm and light in peeled lower epidermis |
were lower than |
transcript levels at 2 h |
|
| epidermis |
is well positioned to receive |
cold-induced signal |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Fp13 plant |
is |
low-frost-tolerant plant |
Festuca pratensis |
| photosynthetic apparatus |
plays role in |
cold acclimation |
Lolium–Festuca complex |
| other proteins differentially accumulated during cold acclimation in HFT and LFT Fp plants |
have not yet been detected in |
model plants |
Festuca pratensis |
| upregulated genes in mvp mutant |
encode |
CBF transcription factors |
|
| WCS120 family of proteins |
are thought to have |
significant role in frost tolerance |
Triticum aestivum L. |
| Ss (ATLTP1, AtLtpI-4, LP1, LTP1, AT2G38540) abundance |
was higher in |
cold-hardened plants |
Solanum sogarandinum |
| cold signalling in dark period |
increases freezing tolerance even when plants are exposed to |
light period in cold |
|
| global changes in gene expression during CA in plants from winter and spring Triticum aestivum (wheat) cultivars |
have been demonstrated at |
transcriptome level |
Triticum aestivum |
| CBF (CRT/DRE-binding factor) pathway |
controls |
a significant part of changes in gene expression |
|
| clones |
showed different responses to |
low temperatures |
|
| cold acclimation |
induces production of |
compatible solutes |
|
| CBF overexpression |
increases |
freezing tolerance |
Brassica napus |
| CBF overexpression |
increases |
freezing tolerance |
potato |
| Cor (LEA, AT2G21490) gene expression profiles |
show good correlation with |
development of freezing tolerance |
Triticum aestivum |
| Wcbf2 |
transcript accumulation is lower in |
freezing-sensitive CS |
Triticum aestivum |
| cold acclimation |
is associated with |
changes in cell wall properties |
|
| CBF (C-repeat binding factor)/DREB (dehydration responsive element binding protein) transcriptional factor family |
play a key role in |
expression of Cor (cold-regulated) genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 94.9% of detected proteins |
did not show significant differences in abundance during cold acclimation between |
HFT and LFT plants |
Festuca pratensis |
| acclimation to cold-induced photoinhibition and to frost |
have partially overlapping mechanisms |
|
Lolium–Festuca complex |
| duration of the cold induction |
is specific feature of |
Eucalyptus genes |
Eucalyptus |
| CBF genes |
show differences in |
cold expression profiles |
grape |
| quantitative analysis of cold induction |
is performed on |
each Egu CBF 1 gene |
Eucalyptus gunnii |
| export |
generally recovers as |
plant acclimates to the cold |
|
| Solanum phureja (ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) (diploid potato) |
is |
cold-acclimating potato |
Solanum phureja |
| cold-acclimation processes |
may exist in |
cold-sensitive species |
|
| protein accumulation profiles |
show wide range of different patterns in |
Fp genotypes with distinct levels of frost tolerance |
Festuca pratensis |
| increased accumulation of phosphoglycerate kinase protein |
was observed during whole period of cold acclimation in |
HFT genotypes |
Festuca pratensis |
| amplitude of shrinkage in 'Dvina' |
increased with |
succession of negative thermal events |
Populus deltoides |
| (GALS1, AT2G33570) (GALS2, AT5G44670) (GALS3, AT4G20170) triple mutant |
does not exhibit changes in |
cell wall extensibility and rigidity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increase in pectic galactan during CA |
was found in |
several freezing-tolerant plants |
|
| CBF regulon |
brings about increase in |
freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| amounts of (PPDK, AT4G15530) in Miscanthus×giganteus (M.×giganteus) |
are elevated greatly |
when grown at 14 °C |
Miscanthus×giganteus |
| subspecies and treatment |
show significant interactions for |
leaf mortality and damage |
Amaranthus semialata |
| cold acclimation in the C3 subspecies |
is associated with |
changes in the pattern of moisture release at low water potentials |
Alloteropsis semialata |
| changes in the pattern of moisture release at low water potentials |
indicates possible involvement of |
water relations in the acclimation response |
Alloteropsis semialata |
| cold acclimation rate |
controls |
level of accumulated LT tolerance |
Triticum aestivum |
| thioredoxin |
was accumulated at higher amounts in |
HFT plants |
Festuca pratensis |
| CBF genes |
show differences in |
cold expression profiles |
Chinese cabbage |
| C3 leaves |
developed protection via |
cold acclimation mechanism |
Alloteropsis semialata |
| Solanum tuberosum cv. Irga |
displays |
very low capacity to acclimatize to low temperature |
Solanum tuberosum |
| sucrose |
causes increase in |
GUS activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| young barley plants exposed to 10 h photoperiod followed by 14 h dark period in 6/2 °C day/night |
achieved several degrees K more freezing tolerance compared to |
constant 6 °C |
Hordeum vulgare |
| transcript profiling analyses |
indicate |
cold acclimation is a very complex response resulting from global changes in gene expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C4 subspecies |
shows leaf damage that is low |
across pretreatments |
Amaranthus semialata |
| leaf protein accumulation |
analyzed before and after |
cold acclimation time points |
Festuca pratensis |
| mechanism of cold acclimation (CA) |
increases |
level of frost tolerance |
|
| comprehensive analysis of the protein complement of plant tissues in response to low temperature |
has been largely restricted to |
Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa |
| decreased accumulation of Rubisco activase protein after prolonged cold-acclimation |
was observed in |
LFT genotypes |
Festuca pratensis |
| total transcript copy number ng-1 of cDNA |
is still |
four times higher than basal level |
Eucalyptus gunnii |
| mean f T values in different vegetation types at coldest sites |
approximately |
0.3–0.5, indicating 50–70% reduction of (GPP, VTC4, AT3G02870) |
|
| disagreement between minimum air temperature and peak stem shrinkage |
could explain |
need for poplar clones to perceive recurrent negative temperatures below threshold |
Populus × canadensis; Populus deltoides |
| cold acclimation |
induces accumulation of |
osmolytes |
|
| (GALS1, AT2G33570) (GALS2, AT5G44670) (GALS3, AT4G20170) triple mutant |
exhibits impaired freezing tolerance during |
initial stages of cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| compositional modification of the cell wall during CA |
is important for |
improving freezing tolerance through changes in cell wall properties |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 40 mM sucrose |
enhanced |
freezing tolerance in cold and dark conditions |
|
| approximately 800 protein profiles |
revealed |
41 proteins with minimum 1.5-fold difference in abundance |
Festuca pratensis |
| photosynthesis |
was highly depressed by |
cold acclimation |
Festuca pratensis |
| plant cells |
started to establish new homeostasis under |
low temperature stress |
Festuca pratensis |
| northern and southern ecotypes of Betula pendula |
show differences in |
rates and degrees of cold acclimation |
Betula pendula |
| accumulation of specific carbohydrates (sucrose, galactinol, myoinositol, and raffinose) |
may be important to improve |
tolerance to freezing stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| minimum temperature (T min) during winter |
related to |
mean spring cold-acclimated temperature modifier (f T) and relative mean (GPP, VTC4, AT3G02870) bias |
|
| cold-acclimatized plants |
show significantly reduced effects of cold on |
(ANAC062, NAC062, NTL6, AT3G49530) processing and protein stability |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| COLD REGULATED (COR) genes |
are expressed during |
cold acclimation |
|
| (GWD, GWD1, SEX1, SOP, SOP1, AT1G10760) locus |
is genetically linked to |
plant freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| greening of pale-yellow (PGP1, PGPS1, PGS1, AT2G39290) |
resulted in simultaneous decrease in |
29 kD polypeptide |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| putrescine pathway |
is involved in |
potato cold acclimation |
Solanum tuberosum |
| calibrated parameters from site-level calibration |
compared with |
variation of T min during period between 60 d before start of photosynthesis resumption period and peak of (GPP, VTC4, AT3G02870) |
|
| cold acclimation |
induces accumulation of |
abscisic acid (ABA) |
|
| (EMB2107, MSA, RPN5A, AT5G09900) (4x) 'PF30153' |
is the only clone showing |
similar pattern of response to Mxg (3x) 'Illinois' with nearly full acclimatization |
Miscanthus sacchariflorus |
| Solanum tuberosum |
does not increase in freezing tolerance in response to |
low temperature |
Solanum tuberosum |
| rate component |
decides |
degree of expression of LT-induced genes |
Triticum aestivum L. |
| sucrose regulatory role in cold acclimation |
may be important during |
diurnal dark periods |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 40 mM sucrose in lower epidermis |
gave COR78 transcript abundance well above |
transcript abundance in controls on soil |
|
| sucrose |
effect was transient in |
warm environment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Eragrostis curvula |
markedly increased |
leaf freezing resistance |
Eragrostis curvula |
| CBF transcription factors |
bind specifically to |
C-repeat (CRT)/dehydration responsive element (DRE)/low temperature responsive (LTR) motif |
|
| cold acclimation (CA) |
activates |
cellular protection mechanism |
|
| enhanced levels of soluble sugars, nitrogenous metabolites, and citric acid in L er plants grown in low R:FR at 16°C |
is consistent with |
expression of the CBF regulon in these conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decreased PG |
generates |
reversible, yellow phenotype during cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| greening of pale-yellow (PGP1, PGPS1, PGS1, AT2G39290) |
concomitantly resulted in accumulation of |
Lhcas |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| effect of sucrose on (COR78, LTI140, LTI78, RD29A, AT5G52310) promoter activity or transcript abundance |
would not necessarily require |
cold |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sucrose |
increases |
plant survival of freezing tolerance |
|
| sufficient soluble carbohydrates |
might help trigger |
first steps in acclimation |
|
| transfer of cabbage plants from constant 5 °C to 5/0 °C day/night |
caused increase in |
freezing tolerance |
Brassica oleracea |
| C4 grass species |
have the capability for developing |
cold acclimation during exposure to chilling |
|
| RH7 |
promotes |
plant development at low temperatures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytosolic translational apparatus |
is remodeled at level of |
ribosome biogenesis factors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fully acclimated wheat plants |
may survive as low as |
−22°C or colder |
Triticum aestivum |
| behaviour of 'Dvina' shrinkage amplitude increase |
could be related to |
cold acclimation processes mediated by recurring low thermal cycles |
Populus deltoides |
| cold acclimation pathways |
are highly interactive and modulated by |
multiple signaling pathways |
|
| successful cold acclimation of Col-0 to 10°C |
leads to |
vegetative-to-regenerative phase transition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytosolic translational apparatus |
is remodeled at level of |
structural ribosomal proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| down-regulated genes (clusters C8–C10) |
were enriched mainly in |
biosynthetic processes, carbohydrate metabolic process, ribosome assembly, and DNA packaging |
Triticum aestivum |
| Cvi accession of Arabidopsis |
displays |
lower freezing tolerance than temperate accessions such as Wassilewskija and L er |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtRH3, emb1138, RH3, AT5G26742) (EMB3108, HS3, RH22, AT1G59990) and (RH39, AT4G09730) |
are involved in acclimation to |
cold stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rh50-1 plants |
polysome loading is perturbed in |
cold-acclimated plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| field experiments |
were designed to |
systematically identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that low temperature activated in wheat NILs |
Triticum aestivum |
| cold stress |
often modulates |
lipid compositions in cellular membranes |
Triticum aestivum |
| NO genetic background |
indicates superiority of |
for cold tolerance |
Triticum aestivum |
| (ATICE1, ICE1, SCREAM, SCRM, AT3G26744) and CBFs |
are induced rapidly by |
cold |
Triticum aestivum |
| cold acclimation genes induction |
occurs via |
distinct transcriptional pathways |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplast |
is targeted by action of |
COR genes |
|
| Arabidopsis thaliana plants (35S::MdS6PDH and WT) grown at cold temperatures |
only transgenic lines survived while WT plants underwent |
severe dehydration damage and died |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| altered gene expression of (AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6, AT5G10140) and (AGL19, GL19, AT4G22950) |
is apparently part of |
premature triggering of limited cold responses in nonacclimated reil1-1 reil2-1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| only ∼12% of cold-responsive genes |
are controlled by |
CBFs |
|
| VRN-A1 |
down-regulates expression of |
CORs (cold-responsive genes) or (DHNS, ECHID, AT1G60550) (dehydrins) |
Triticum aestivum |
| transcriptional changes during cold acclimation in wheat |
have been conducted under |
controlled environments |
Triticum aestivum |
| β-1,4-galactan |
accumulates in cell walls during |
cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| COLD REGULATED (COR) genes |
are |
downstream components of the C-repeat Binding Factor (CBF) regulon |
|
| expanded leaves of L er plants grown in low R:FR at 16°C |
displayed |
elevated levels of soluble sugars and cold acclimation products |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold acclimation in wild type |
results in decrease in extensibility and increase in rigidity of |
cell wall |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| galactan accumulation |
was accompanied by |
changes in the mechanical properties of the cell wall |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CBF overexpression |
does not result in increased |
freezing tolerance |
tomato |
| loss of ability to cold acclimate in S. tuberosum cv. Irga |
may indicate |
inactivation of a signalling element upstream of DREB1/CBF in this cultivar |
Solanum tuberosum |
| low temperature |
results in increase in Ss LTP1 level in |
Solanum species or cultivar able to acclimatize to cold |
Solanum species |
| iron–sulphur Rieske protein (spot no. 30) |
shows increased accumulation at early stages of cold acclimation in |
HFT plant |
Festuca pratensis |
| SaADC1 overexpression in Solanum tuberosum cv. E3 |
exhibits enhanced |
cold-acclimated freezing tolerance |
Solanum tuberosum |
| cluster of DEGs induced by ethylene |
characterized by genes putatively involved in |
protection mechanisms against cold stress |
|
| increased structural stabilization of membranes through production of unsaturated and long chain fatty acids and sorbitol |
is hypothesized to be responsible for |
improved tolerance to low temperatures in 1-MCP-treated fruit |
|
| arginine decarboxylase gene ADC1-associated putrescine pathway |
probably enhances expression of |
C-repeat binding factor genes (CBFs) |
Solanum tuberosum; Solanum acaule |
| cell wall changes |
are necessary for |
enhancement of freezing tolerance during CA |
|
| itaconic acid |
contributes to the prediction of |
freezing tolerance in C24-crosses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| beta-amylase |
was up-regulated in |
1 or 4 d under cold conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| evergreen cultivar in the genus Rhododendron 'Elsie Lee' |
was used as |
system to study cold acclimation (CA) in woody perennials |
Rhododendron |
| Physiological statuses of artificial non-acclimation (A-NA) and field non-acclimation (F-NA) |
are different |
each other |
|
| cold acclimation in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana |
involves changes in the expression levels of |
several hundred genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Ler accession |
shows |
intermediate changes in metabolite pool sizes during cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold exposure |
induces |
cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| succinate |
is associated with |
heterosis in freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| upstream and downstream of C-repeat binding factor (CBF) transcription factors |
were gradually uncovered |
through research |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clusters C3 to C7 |
was |
up-regulated as autumn progressed to winter |
Triticum aestivum |
| cold responses |
included |
Ca 2+ signaling and kinase cascades, CBFs, CORs, and ABA-dependent pathways |
Triticum aestivum |
| day-length |
is essential component for |
poplar bud set and dormancy |
Populus |
| (VEN4, AT5G40270) |
is a modulator of |
cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| parameters for MF |
had large variation and did not have clear linkage with |
ones in DBF and ENF |
|
| calcium/calmodulin-regulated receptor-like kinase 1 (CRLK1, AT5G54590) interaction with (ARAKIN, ATMEKK1, MAPKKK8, MEKK1, AT4G08500) |
leads to |
MAPK activation and freezing tolerance |
|
| (CaS, AT5G23060) (SVK, AT4G07395) |
positively controls expression of |
C-repeat-binding factor 1 (ATCBF1, CBF1, DREB1B, AT4G25490) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold-responsive protein kinase 1 (CRPK1, AT1G16670) |
is activated by |
cold stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PFT-level parameters in DBF and ENF |
generally have consistent pattern compared with |
site-level parameters |
|
| positive, albeit nonsignificant relationship between τ and T min for DBF and ENF sites in boreal climates (Dfc-ENF) |
emerged |
|
|
| (CAMTA1, EICBP.B, AT5G09410) /3 double mutant plants |
were impaired in |
ability to acclimate to cold |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fructose (Fru) |
accumulation correlates with |
cold stress tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reil1-1 reil2-1 mutant |
showed |
premature triggering of cold-acclimation responses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCBF3, CBF3, DREB1A, AT4G25480) activation |
explains |
cold-induced carbohydrate metabolism and starch degradation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| previous microarray studies |
were limited to examining |
relative differences of gene expression under cold treatments in controlled environment |
Triticum aestivum |
| metabolite profiling studies |
indicated |
major restructuring of plant metabolism during cold acclimation |
|
| Co-2 accession |
shows |
largest changes in metabolite pool sizes during cold acclimation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glycine |
contributes to the prediction of |
freezing tolerance in C24-crosses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TCA cycle intermediates |
increase during |
cold shock |
|
| low temperatures |
resulted in zeaxanthin being mainly allocated for |
photoprotection |
|
| JA |
induces |
relative protein accumulation (dehydrin) |
|
| posttranslational regulation of Inducer of CBF expression 1 (ATICE1, ICE1, SCREAM, SCRM, AT3G26744) |
is essential for |
Inducer of CBF expression 1 (ATICE1, ICE1, SCREAM, SCRM, AT3G26744) function |
|
| (ATMKK2, MK1, MKK2, AT4G29810) |
activates |
(ATMPK4, MAPK4, MPK4, AT4G01370) and (ATMAPK6, ATMPK6, MAPK6, MPK6, AT2G43790) |
|
| fitted parameter values for τ, X 0, and S max |
tended to be smaller for |
ENF than for DBF |
|
| cold-acclimated (CAMTA1, EICBP.B, AT5G09410) /3 double mutant plants |
had |
EL 50 values of −8°C |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C-repeat/DRE binding factors (CBFs) |
are induced in |
wild-type plants |
|
| rapid accumulation of maltose |
protects plant cells against |
freezing damage |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overwintering woody species |
experience |
combination of short day-length and low temperatures through fall and winter |
|
| seasonal leaf color change in Rhododendron 'Elsie Lee' |
provides opportunity to study |
significant function of anthocyanin during cold acclimation (CA) |
Rhododendron |
| Leaf freezing tolerance (LFT) |
is |
temperature causing 50% injury (LT 50) |
|
| stems of 13 out of 15 woody species |
significantly increased respiration in response to |
near freezing temperature |
|
| circadian rhythm pathway |
was shown to be important for |
cold acclimation (CA) |
|
| cold acclimation |
is mediated by |
transcriptional network |
|
| freezing sensitive accessions |
show |
low CBF expression levels 2h after transfer to 5°C |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| changes in gene expression at low temperature |
affect |
multiple aspects of plant growth and development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CBF/DREB1-dependent pathway |
is involved in |
cold-stress response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold acclimation of (PGP1, PGPS1, PGS1, AT2G39290) at 5 °C |
limits accumulation of |
Lhcbs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants treated with low R:FR at 16°C but not 22°C |
display |
increased expression of COLD REGULATED (COR) genes |
|
| CBF/DREB1-independent pathway |
is involved in |
cold-stress response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CSCD ablation |
enables better |
recovery of root growth from freezing stress without prior chilling treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| multi-photon laser ablation |
was used to mimic |
chilling stress-induced death of CSCDs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phytochrome-interacting factor 4/7 ( (AtPIF4, PIF4, SRL2, AT2G43010) /7) |
regulates |
CBF expression |
|
| (ATMYB15, ATY19, MYB15, AT3G23250) |
regulates |
CBF expression |
|
| (ATMYB15, ATY19, MYB15, AT3G23250) |
binds to promoters of |
CBF genes |
|
| Arabidopsis thaliana |
develops greater ability to withstand freezing after exposure to |
chilling stress induced by low but above-freezing temperatures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATMYB15, ATY19, MYB15, AT3G23250) |
physically interacts with |
INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 (ATICE1, ICE1, SCREAM, SCRM, AT3G26744) |
|
| (PUB25, AT3G19380) and (PUB26, AT1G49780) |
positively regulate |
freezing tolerance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) |
generally lacks |
capacity to acquire partial tolerance following cold acclimation |
Solanum tuberosum |
| freezing tolerance |
reaches maximum in |
approximately 1–2 weeks |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold or freezing temperature acclimation |
requires |
reprogramming of gene expression |
|
| OST1-mediated phosphorylation of (ATBTF3, BTF3, AT1G17880) proteins |
facilitates interaction of |
(ATBTF3, BTF3, AT1G17880) proteins and CBF proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsICE1 stabilization |
enhances |
plant chilling tolerance |
Oryza sativa |
| HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 1 (ESD6, HOS1, AT2G39810) |
degrades |
INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 (ATICE1, ICE1, SCREAM, SCRM, AT3G26744) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold acclimation |
results in increase in |
cell wall rigidity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants that acclimate to cold |
interpret chilling temperatures as |
forerunner of potential freezing temperatures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| L er plants grown in low R:FR at 16°C |
display |
enhanced levels of nitrogenous metabolites, including glycine, 5-oxo-proline and glutamic acid |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCBF2, CBF2, DREB1C, FTQ4, AT4G25470) expression levels |
relationship with CBF1 or CBF3 expression strongly depends on |
genetic background of RNAi lines |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (MS) and nontargeted metabolic fingerprinting approach |
was used to study |
effects of cold acclimation on the metabolome |
Arabidopsis thaliana |