| low-light-grown why1why3polIb-1 plants |
exhibited |
chlorophyll content comparable to that of control plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) potential role in plastid redifferentiation |
may warrant |
future investigation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (AtbZIP, bZIP, AT1G68880) triple mutant |
reaches wild-type levels of chlorophyll after |
96 h of light exposure |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| regulation of chloroplast biogenesis by GLK |
was already present in |
basal lineages such as Bryophytes and liverworts |
Physcomitrella patens; Marchantia polymorpha |
| thylakoid stacks |
appear normal in |
both green and yellow sectors of why1why3polIb-1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MpGLK |
potentially couples |
chloroplast development and vegetative reproduction |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| why1why3 double mutant |
causes |
variegation in about 5% of the plant population |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| yellow variegation inheritance in why1why3polIb-1 |
supports idea that |
chloroplasts are not permanently defective |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| functions of MpGLK PRR domain and overall protein |
warrant |
further investigation |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| leaf variegation |
has been observed in |
Arabidopsis mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| extremely low levels of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in young leaves |
indicates |
delayed development of functional chloroplasts |
Hakea prostrata |
| etioplasts |
contain |
NDH complex as a 550-kDa complex |
|
| (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) mutant |
has |
fewer chloroplasts |
|
| young wild-type and (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) leaves |
had |
approximately 10 chloroplasts per cell |
|
| MpGLK (Marchantia polymorpha GLK) |
encodes for |
functional orthologue of GLK proteins |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| white-variegated sectors of why1why3 |
present |
no trace of chlorophyll |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| why1why3polIb-1 triple mutant |
displays |
100% penetrance yellow-variegated phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FSD2, AT5G51100) and (FSD3, SOD3, AT5G23310) mutants |
show |
severe phenotypes as seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NDH complex |
is present prior to |
assembly of the photosynthetic protein complexes |
|
| GLKs |
play crucial role in |
chloroplast differentiation |
|
| plastid DNA (ptDNA) rearrangements in why1why3polIb-1 |
lead to |
yellow variegation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leaf variegation |
is sometimes associated with |
dwarfism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| white-variegated sectors in why1why3 plants |
show |
abnormal cell morphology and absence of chlorophyll autofluorescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high levels of rearrangements in why1why3polIb-1 |
do not exacerbate |
why1why3 white variegation phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| white-variegated sectors of why1why3polIb-1 |
most likely possess |
permanently defective chloroplasts with altered ultrastructure |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplast biogenesis from proplastids and chloroamyloplasts promoted by MpGLK |
is akin to |
GLK function in angiosperms and P. patens |
Marchantia polymorpha; Physcomitrella patens |
| complex division of labor between nucleus-encoded RNA polymerase (NEP) and plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) |
has implications for |
regulatory cascade underlying the initiation of chloroplast development |
|
| long epitope tag in OHP1-10xMyc |
possibly compromised |
function of (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| abundance of plastid DNA (ptDNA) rearrangements |
is little affected by |
light regimen |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OHP1-10xMyc fusion construct |
could only partially complement |
(OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) mutant phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| young (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) leaves |
show fewer differences to wild-type but contain |
misshapen chloroplasts |
|
| plastid translation |
plays a role in |
coupled development between chloroplasts and leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (OHP2, AT1G34000) mutants |
produce |
seedlings with pale-green leaves and retarded growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LPS |
could impair |
chloroplast development and function |
|
| (FSD2, AT5G51100) and (FSD3, SOD3, AT5G23310) gene products |
seem to be important for |
normal chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| a responsive genetic switch to rapidly trigger chloroplast development |
is predicted to be the effect of |
positive feedback loop initiated by small increase in (PAS2, PEP, PEPINO, AT5G10480) |
|
| plastids |
were unable to develop into |
normal chloroplasts with stacks of thylakoid for photosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NEP-dependent transcript accumulation |
occurs during |
cotyledon greening |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| null (mTERF9, AT5G55580) T-DNA line |
leads to |
changes in chloroplast ultrastructure |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| paraquat treatment |
causes effect similar to |
LPS treatment |
|
| NDH complex |
is present in |
etioplasts |
|
| decreased number of chloroplasts |
is also reported for |
sunflower tumors |
Helianthus annuus |
| knocking down (EMB2279, EMB88, SOT5, AT1G30610) expression through artificial microRNA technique |
results in |
virescent phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EMB2279, EMB88, SOT5, AT1G30610) mutant |
displays |
leaf virescent phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ALB4, ARTEMIS, STIC1, AT1G24490) mutant tissues |
has reduced |
number of chloroplasts per cell per area |
|
| leaf variegation phenotypes |
are associated with |
impaired chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| a small burst in NEP-mediated transcription of the rpo genes |
may trigger |
rapid chloroplast development |
|
| release of inorganic phosphate (Pi) |
supports |
metabolic processes associated with chloroplast development |
Hakea prostrata |
| chloroplasts of homozygous (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) mutants |
contained fewer |
thylakoid membranes with granal stacks |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| average number of chloroplasts in wild-type mesophyll cells |
is |
73 chloroplasts per cell |
|
| GUS staining pattern of pOHP1::GUS transgenic plants |
suggested that OHP1 functions mainly in |
early stage of chloroplast development under normal growth conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutation in Arabidopsis of the (EMB2797, MGD1, MGDA, UGT81A1, AT4G31780) gene |
led to |
severe underdevelopment of chloroplasts and the absence of internal membrane structures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis RNAi mutants |
revealed alterations in |
chloroplast ultrastructure |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CHAPERONIN-60 ALPHA |
is essential for |
chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| growth defects in (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) mutants |
were caused by |
T-DNA insertions in the (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) overexpression via CaMV 35S promoter |
did not show |
negative impact |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MpGLK |
promotes |
chloroplast biogenesis from other plastid types |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) |
does not directly affect |
development of chloroplasts |
Oryza sativa |
| Arabidopsis RNA interference knockdowns of (MAR1, TOC75, TOC75-III, AT3G46740) |
are |
severely pale |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gradient of chloroplast development along the length of the maize seedling leaf |
is useful for |
developmental studies |
Zea mays |
| partially knocking out (EMB2279, EMB88, SOT5, AT1G30610) function by point mutation |
results in |
virescent phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| abnormal leaf morphology |
occurs frequently in |
mutants with dysfunctional chloroplasts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN1, AT2G31400) mutant |
displays delay in |
cotyledon greening during germination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| long-term treatment (3–4 weeks) of Arabidopsis seedlings with galvestine-1 |
lowered the MGDG content and impaired |
chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
provides opportunity to explore |
function of ZmMs33 in anther chloroplast development and function |
Zea mays |
| heat-treated HSP pro :pHinP1I and HSP pro :pMseI lines |
exhibited |
similar but more severe green/pale-green and white leaf variegation and chloroplast phenotypes than heat-treated HSP pro :pTaqI lines |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplasts in white sectors of HSP pro :pTaqI lines in rosette leaf 3 (L3) or higher |
completely lacked |
organized thylakoids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplasts in green sectors of 35S pro :pTaqI (V) lines |
displayed |
almost the same ultrastructure as wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis plants expressing pTaqI |
show |
leaf variegation phenotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| complementation with LOC_Os04g42000 WT genomic DNA |
restores |
wll1 phenotype |
Oryza sativa |
| HSP pro :pTaqI lines in rosette leaf 3 (L3) or higher |
developed |
green/pale-green and white variegated leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PPI1, AT4G27500) mutant |
shows direct involvement in |
chloroplast biogenesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| approximately 10% of 35S pro :pTaqI lines in second or later generations |
exhibited |
variegated leaf phenotype similar to parental plant phenotype (35S pro :pTaqI (V)) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplast development in leaf mesophyll |
includes |
substantial increase in plastome copies per cell |
|
| abscisic acid |
has been reported to repress |
development and function of chloroplasts |
|
| Mutation in the HvCMF7 gene |
leads to |
formation of pigment-deficient plastids |
Hordeum vulgare |
| OsHAP3A |
is involved in |
chloroplast biogenesis |
|
| number of chloroplasts able to surmount photodamage threshold |
enables development into |
functional chloroplasts |
|
| pTaqI expression |
causes drastic change in |
internal chloroplast structures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| only an extra amount of TRXf |
can compensate for |
absence of (NTRC, AT2G41680) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PPR30, AT3G23020) and (mTERF9, AT5G55580) mutants |
exhibit |
impaired chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (OTP86, AT3G63370) mutant |
contrasts with |
Arabidopsis (OTP86, AT3G63370) mutant normal growth |
Setaria viridis; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fts3/38 and fts32 mutations |
may indicate |
impaired chloroplast function or development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pale-green mutants |
are mostly |
seedling-lethal |
Setaria viridis |
| Setaria viridis psrp7 mutant |
is |
pale green |
Setaria viridis |
| chloroplast development |
is associated with |
shift in primary RNA polymerase from NEP to (PAS2, PEP, PEPINO, AT5G10480) |
|
| mutation of WLL1 |
causes |
chloroplast development abnormality |
Oryza sativa |
| impaired biosynthesis of major chloroplast membrane lipids |
resulted in |
abnormal structure and function of En chloroplast membranes |
Zea mays |
| riboflavin biosynthesis |
is necessary for |
chloroplast development |
Oryza sativa |
| phyAphyBphyC triple mutant |
exhibits |
abnormal chloroplast development |
Oryza sativa |
| chloroplast biogenesis |
is not affected by |
(PCK2, PEPCK, AT5G65690) mutation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| white and lesion-mimic leaf1 (wll1) mutant |
exhibits |
abnormal chloroplast structure in white patches |
|
| MGDG |
is essential for |
chloroplast development |
|
| ZmPTAC12 mutant |
exhibits |
ivory/virescent pigmentation |
Zea mays |
| (AtCLA1, CLA, CLA1, DEF, DXPS2, DXS, DXS1, AT4G15560) (CLOROPLASTOS ALTERADOS 1) |
is |
chloroplast phosphoprotein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| developmental acclimation |
involves |
changes in chloroplast composition |
|
| T-DNA insertion in Arabidopsis (HAF2, TAF1, TAF1B, AT3G19040) |
affects |
leaf greening of young seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ultrastructural analysis of (AtTic21, CIA5, PIC1, TIC21, AT2G15290) mutants |
revealed |
severely impaired chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| developmental stage of a chloroplast or plastid |
affects |
ability to respond to 1O2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplasts from light-grown A. thaliana culture cells |
contain less numerous grana than |
leaf chloroplasts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplasts of ms33-6038 anthers |
show repressed expansion during stages 7–9 and almost no chloroplasts could be extracted since stage 10 |
ms33-6038 anthers |
Zea mays |
| one of HSP pro :pMseI lines (T3491) after heat treatment |
began to visibly lose leaf greenness and growth was retarded; subsequently died |
severe phenotypic consequence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion into PSRP7 gene |
is |
embryo-lethal |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| yellow colour in (NTRC, AT2G41680) rosettes |
derives from |
poor development and reduced number of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wll1 mutant leaves |
lack |
intact organelles |
Oryza sativa |
| mutated WLL1 |
triggered |
chloroplast degradation |
Oryza sativa |
| riboflavin deficiency |
caused |
destruction of chloroplast structure |
Oryza sativa |
| (GLES1, TGD5, AT1G27695) mutation |
gives rise to |
achlorophyllous (type I) and faintly chlorophyllous (type II) stomata |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CRISPR/Cas9-generated wll1 allele |
has |
similar phenotype to wll1 mutant |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATGLK2, GLK2, GPRI2, AT5G44190) |
was significantly repressed in |
BnaNAC60ΔTM overexpression lines (OE-28# and OE-31#) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| most 35S pro :pTaqI lines from the T1 generation |
exhibited |
green–white leaf variegation phenotype, including cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcription factor golden2-like |
is upregulated in |
non-photosynthetic organs |
|
| plastids in norflurazon culture cells |
are smaller on average than |
chloroplasts from light-grown culture cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplast development |
was significantly compromised in |
(GLES1, TGD5, AT1G27695) guard cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rs mutant lines |
have |
bleached leaf phenotype |
Oryza sativa |
| culture pigment analysis |
provided evidence that |
functional chloroplasts were present in light-grown cultures but absent from dark-grown cultures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| growth in the light |
stimulates |
biosynthesis of functional chloroplasts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) mutants |
contain |
white sectors with abnormal plastids |
|
| proplastids in lincomycin culture cells |
are similar to |
proplastids in spectinomycin culture cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 100 μM NaHS treatment |
increases |
number of grana lamellae stacking into functional chloroplasts |
Spinacia oleracea |
| chloroplasts of RNAi no. 08 plants |
showed poorly developed |
thylakoid membranes and grana stacks |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| riboflavin |
is required for |
chloroplast development |
Oryza sativa |
| (ELL1, FK, HYD2, AT3G52940) protein |
may affect chloroplast development by modulating |
expression of chloroplast development-related genes |
|
| wll1 mutant |
has |
white patches on leaves |
Oryza sativa |
| chloroplast biosynthesis in norflurazon-treated cells |
took place but thylakoid membranes were |
photosynthetically impaired |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sucrose supplementation |
partially alleviates |
albino phenotype of (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (RPOB, ATCG00190) |
expression level is down-regulated in |
(ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) albino leaf becoming green |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) mutation in (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) background |
altered |
disturbed expression pattern of chloroplast-related genes in (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) |
|
| WLL1 function in riboflavin biosynthesis |
is important for |
chloroplast development |
|
| wll1 mutation |
affected |
layered arrangement of mesophyll tissue |
Oryza sativa |
| most chloroplasts in suba1 guard cells |
contained |
sparse thylakoid membranes and poorly developed starch grains |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCESA8, CESA8, IRX1, LEW2, AT4G18780) .1 homozygous deletion mutant |
indicates increase in |
chloroplasts per leaf area |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proplastids |
are smaller than |
chloroplasts from light-grown cultures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lack of thylakoids |
accounts for |
ultrastructural abnormalities of lts1 mutant strains |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| VBI-0 |
does not form |
chlorophyll-containing plastids |
|
| TRV-based VIGS |
used to identify |
genes that regulate chloroplast development |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| low CO2 |
causes alteration of |
thylakoid stacking in mesophyll cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| anu10-1 chloroplasts |
are |
smaller and abnormally shaped |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SG1, AT3G18420) |
can complement |
chloroplast differentiation defects in (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| partial restoration of imbalance of chloroplast-related genes in (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) |
alleviates |
defective phenotypes |
|
| riboflavin |
directly or indirectly affects |
chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SlNAP7 |
is involved in |
chloroplast development |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| etiolated seedlings |
do not contain |
developed chloroplasts |
|
| proplastids in spectinomycin culture cells |
are present in |
spectinomycin culture cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| green and white/yellow sectors |
may have |
cells with mutant genomes |
|
| Arabidopsis (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) mutant |
is an example of |
compensation leading to leaf variegation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin molecules |
regulate |
chloroplast development |
|
| CRISPR/Cas9-generated wll1 allele |
has degraded |
chloroplasts |
Oryza sativa |
| white/yellow sectors in variegated leaves |
contain |
undifferentiated chloroplasts |
|
| pSG1::SG1 complemented mutants |
exhibit |
chlorophyll content similar to wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) double mutant |
slightly enhances |
albino phenotype of (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression changes of chloroplast-related genes |
may re-establish |
new balance among the chloroplast-related genes in the (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutant |
|
| genetic analysis of pale-green, pale-yellow, albino, or variegation mutants |
identified |
genes associated with chloroplast development |
|
| chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) degradation |
is |
common event in chloroplast development |
|
| proplastids |
were present in |
dark-grown culture cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mean chloroplast diameter in TRV:DER(3) lines |
was approximately |
26% of that of the control |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| (ATGLK1, GLK1, GPRI1, AT2G20570) and (ATGLK2, GLK2, GPRI2, AT5G44190) induction |
identified |
20 most upregulated genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (RBCL, ATCG00490) protein |
shows gradually increased amounts as |
(ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) leaves become green |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PYG7, AT1G22700) |
is involved in |
chloroplast development |
|
| (ATHB52, HB52, AT5G53980) and (ATHB54, HB54, AT1G27045) mutants |
show severe reductions in |
(FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATHB52, HB52, AT5G53980) mutant |
shows |
reduced chlorophyll content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HB52-OE and HB54-OE transgenic lines |
show increases in |
(FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants grown in constant darkness |
retain cpDNA during |
leaf development |
Zea mays; Medicago truncatula |
| chloroplasts of seed plants |
develop from |
proplastids |
|
| variegated leaves |
contain |
several different types of chloroplasts |
|
| number of chloroplasts per cells between RNAi no. 08 and control plants |
were similar |
|
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| developmental stage |
influences |
chloroplast number per mesophyll cell |
|
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutant |
shows disrupted expression of |
NEP genes |
|
| embryo death in (AtRNJ, emb2746, RNJ, AT5G63420) mutants |
may be caused by |
impaired chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| anu10-1 chloroplasts |
are smaller than |
wild-type chloroplasts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (GUN1, AT2G31400) double mutant |
shows higher chlorophyll content than |
(ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutant plants |
|
| (RBCL, ATCG00490) and RbcS content in (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (GUN1, AT2G31400) double mutant |
is significantly higher than |
(RBCL, ATCG00490) and RbcS content in (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutant |
|
| enlarged chloroplasts in msl2-1; msl3-1 mutant |
developed properly with |
normal levels of thylakoid membranes, starch granules, and vacuoles |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| intermediate complex instability |
results in |
complete block of (PAS2, PEP, PEPINO, AT5G10480) activity |
|
| arc mutants |
maintains comparable |
chloroplast volume |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis grown under low CO2 |
showed decreased stacking in chloroplast grana in |
mesophyll and bundle sheath cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| immutans mutant |
displays |
variegated or pale-green phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (GUN4, AT3G59400) double mutant |
exhibits few or no |
albino leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leaf variegation |
results from |
various redundant functions related to chloroplasts |
|
| (GED1, PRT6, AT5G02310) cotyledons |
contain |
chloroplasts with fewer thylakoid membranes and almost devoid of starch grains |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis |
can serve as |
representative model |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DNA per chloroplast |
declines during |
leaf development |
|
| (AtbZIP, bZIP, AT1G68880) triple mutant chloroplasts |
lack |
grana structures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased (MCD1, AT1G20830) expression |
did not impair |
chloroplast size |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NADP thioredoxin reductase and NAD kinase |
are required for |
chloroplast development |
|
| MpGLK |
is confirmed as |
genuine GLK |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| why1why3polIb-1 |
also presents |
white variegation in an equivalent fraction of its population |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| maternally inherited variegation |
is proposed to result from |
perturbation leading to permanently defective chloroplasts |
|
| HvPORA transcripts |
are abundant in |
etiolated seedlings |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (SOT7, AT1G28170) single mutant |
exhibits |
same phenotype as 47-2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inactivation of (PDE319, SCA3, AT2G24120) |
causes |
phenotypes similar to those of rh3-4 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutation |
disrupts expression levels of |
genes associated with chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutant |
shows disrupted expression of |
chlorophyll biosynthesis genes |
|
| (RBCL, ATCG00490) |
expression level is decreased in |
albino leaf |
|
| (RBCL, ATCG00490) |
expression level is up-regulated in |
(ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) albino leaf becoming green |
|
| GOLDEN2 |
mutations in genes encoding |
chloroplast development in bundle sheath cells |
Zea mays |
| tpTOC75 lines |
were not |
severely pale |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| veins at different stages of differentiation in Cleome gynandra |
can be easily recognized by |
chloroplast ultrastructure |
Cleome gynandra |
| accumulation of proteins and lipids required for photosynthesis |
accompanies |
chlorophyll synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtRNJ, emb2746, RNJ, AT5G63420) |
plays vital role in |
chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TFs Golden2 (G2, GRMZM2G087804) and Golden Like1 ( (ATGLK1, GLK1, GPRI1, AT2G20570) GRMZM2G026833) |
influence |
BS/M chloroplast specialization |
Zea mays |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) overexpression lines |
exhibit |
irregularly shaped chloroplasts with higher proportion of thylakoid membranes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtRNJ, emb2746, RNJ, AT5G63420) embryo samples |
contained |
darkly stained aggregations |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| disturbance in the generation of the full (PAS2, PEP, PEPINO, AT5G10480) complement |
cannot be reversed if |
a certain time point in the program has been passed |
|
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (GUN4, AT3G59400) double mutant |
exhibits completely green |
mature leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (RBCL, ATCG00490) and RbcS content in (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (GUN4, AT3G59400) double mutant |
is significantly higher than |
(RBCL, ATCG00490) and RbcS content in (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutant |
|
| DNA per chloroplast |
declines up to 10-fold in |
maize |
Zea mays |
| environmental factors |
influence |
chloroplast number per mesophyll cell |
|
| concerted expression of PAP encoding genes |
occurs during |
transition from etioplasts to chloroplasts |
|
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (GUN1, AT2G31400) double mutant |
alleviates |
delayed-greening phenotype of (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ANAC092, ATNAC2, ATNAC6, NAC2, NAC6, ORE1, AT5G39610) |
is involved in |
chloroplast development |
|
| (ATHB52, HB52, AT5G53980) mutant |
shows |
small and pale rosette leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATHB52, HB52, AT5G53980) and (ATHB54, HB54, AT1G27045) mutant mesophyll cells |
contain almost no |
chloroplasts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) mutant |
possesses |
variegated leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proper assembly of the (PAS2, PEP, PEPINO, AT5G10480) complex during plastid development |
is an essential early step during |
chloroplast biogenesis |
|
| (AtRNJ, emb2746, RNJ, AT5G63420) gene |
is required for |
chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| differentiation and greening (dag) mutant |
has |
altered plastid and mesophyll development |
Antirrhinum majus |
| (GUN1, AT2G31400) and (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
ameliorates |
slow-greening phenotype of (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATHB52, HB52, AT5G53980) (ATHB54, HB54, AT1G27045) double mutants |
show severer phenotype than |
single mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pSG1::SG1 complementation construct |
restores |
wild-type phenotype in (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TRV control chloroplasts |
were |
well-developed with large starch granules |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (GUN1, AT2G31400) double mutant |
exhibits |
similar green colour to wild-type leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) double mutant |
did not alleviate |
(ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) phenotypes |
|
| members in the same type of FtsH subunits |
are |
functionally redundant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| yellow leaves from 47-2 and (SOT7, AT1G28170) |
had |
smaller chloroplasts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduced level of FtsH protease |
can be attributed to |
(PSB29, THF1, AT2G20890) leaf variegation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leaf variegation suppression |
may be rescued by |
decrease in FtsH threshold |
|
| (BSD2, AT3G47650) (BUNDLE SHEATH DEFECTIVE 2) |
mutations in disrupt |
chloroplast development in bundle sheath cells |
Zea mays |
| ABA INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3, AtABI3, SIS10, AT3G24650) |
plays a role in |
plastid development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| photomorphogenesis |
involves reorganization of |
(PAS2, PEP, PEPINO, AT5G10480) enzyme complex |
|
| TRX z or (FLN1, AT3G54090) knockout mutant plants |
develop |
pale-white leaves |
|
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (GUN4, AT3G59400) double mutant |
exhibits chlorophyll content lower than |
wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) double mutant |
does not alleviate |
(ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Toc64 |
is involved in |
chloroplast development |
|
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) |
is required for |
early stage of chloroplast development |
|
| chloroplast development in (AtRNJ, emb2746, RNJ, AT5G63420) embryo cells |
is |
impaired |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| higher (RBCL, ATCG00490) and RbcS abundance in (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (GUN1, AT2G31400) than in (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
possibly indicates |
different degrees to which (GUN1, AT2G31400) and (GUN4, AT3G59400) restore the phenotypes of (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) |
|
| GOLDEN2 (G2)-like transcription factors |
are required for |
chloroplast development |
Oryza sativa |
| Cpn60 |
might be involved in |
chloroplast biogenesis |
|
| complex regulatory network |
initiates |
development and quality control of light-synthesis system |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nuclear genes for chloroplast proteins |
are down-regulated in |
1-week-old rh3–4 seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtRH3, emb1138, RH3, AT5G26742) |
is highly expressed in |
greening tissues of germinating seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATHB52, HB52, AT5G53980) and (ATHB54, HB54, AT1G27045) mutants |
show minimal reductions in expression of |
(FTSH5, VAR1, AT5G42270) (OZ1, VAR3, AT5G17790) and (PSB29, THF1, AT2G20890) genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss-of-function mutations in (ANU10, AT1G28530) |
lead to |
pleiotropic defects in plastid internal organization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (GUN4, AT3G59400) double mutant at 3 weeks |
exhibits chloroplasts similar to |
sixth leaves of 4-week-old (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RNAi4 fruits |
have increased number of |
thylakoids |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| SlBEL11 protein |
represses transcription of |
TKN2 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| SlBEL11 |
negatively regulates transcription of |
TKN2 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Ycf2-FtsHi complex |
includes |
plastidial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent malate dehydrogenase (pdNAD-MDH) |
|
| decreased number of chloroplasts |
reflects |
reduced glycerolipids of prokaryotic pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MGDG deficiency |
affects |
ultrastructure of chloroplasts |
plants; algae |
| 24 of 25 chloroplast-related GO categories |
include |
chloroplast development and chloroplastic gene expression-related categories |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) |
has been reported in |
Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 47-2 suppressor line |
displays |
virescent and serrated leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) and Pchlide levels |
are closely associated with |
development of prolamellar bodies (PLBs) |
Oryza sativa |
| Zm (ATGLK1, GLK1, GPRI1, AT2G20570) transcripts |
are specific to |
foliar A2 profiles |
Zea mays |
| clpR4-3 mutation |
leads to |
leaf virescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| remodeling of dormant eoplasts in the dry seed into active chloroplasts in green seedlings |
requires |
massive expression of chloroplast proteins from both the nuclear genome and the plastid genome |
|
| FtsH protease |
is |
key factor controlling the leaf variegation phenotype of the (PSB29, THF1, AT2G20890) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BoVML1 |
is |
key positive regulator of chloroplast development |
Brassica oleracea var. capitata |
| homeobox protein knotted 2 (TKN2) |
is |
one of the 22 potential target genes of SlBEL11 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| complete loss of expression by non-inheritable virus-induced gene silencing |
results in |
delayed greening |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplasts in yellow sectors of fgl leaves |
show increased |
plastoglobule number |
Oryza sativa |
| FtsH activity below threshold |
results in production of |
white plastids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CLPR4, HON5, AT4G17040) |
suppresses leaf variegation at least in part via |
increase in FtsH accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| suppression of leaf variegation by clpR4-3 |
is |
dose dependent |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| antisense clpP mutant |
displays |
leaf virescent phenotype |
|
| leaf virescence |
is distinctive from |
leaf variegation |
|
| (AtRH3, emb1138, RH3, AT5G26742) promoter activity |
is reduced afterwards |
post-1-week-old seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutants defective in chloroplast development in bundle sheath cells |
have been isolated in |
Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plastid terminal oxidase (IM, IM1, PTOX, AT4G22260) |
plays significant roles in |
chloroplast development |
|
| (ATRBX1, HRT1, RBX1, ROC1, AT5G20570) -1D and partial loss-of-function alleles |
show opposite effects for |
blocking of greening |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RNAi4 fruit |
has increased chloroplast numbers per cell compared with |
control fruit |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutant |
displays |
pale green leaves after 3 weeks |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutant |
exhibits |
albino initial rosette leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (GUN1, AT2G31400) double mutant |
lacks |
albino leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| altered expression pattern by (GUN1, AT2G31400) and (GUN4, AT3G59400) mutations |
may partially restore |
imbalanced expression of chloroplast-related genes caused by (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutation |
|
| second-site suppressors |
produce |
all-green plants |
|
| (GUN1, AT2G31400) protein |
is present at high levels in |
differentiating chloroplasts of very young leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cerulenin |
markedly decreased |
rate of accumulation of MGDG and DGDG during the greening period of barley seedlings |
Hordeum vulgare |
| around 40% of 35S pro :pTaqI lines in second or later generations |
showed |
variegated cotyledons but visually normal green rosette leaves (35S pro :pTaqI (G)) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Rose Bengal-induced cell death |
occurs only in |
Arabidopsis cell cultures with mature chloroplasts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DTN1 loss of function |
affects |
chloroplast development |
Oryza sativa |
| specific amplification causing white variegation in why1why3 |
could lead to |
permanently defective chloroplasts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of GLKs in roots |
results in |
ectopic chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proGLK1:FLAG-HA- (ATGLK1, GLK1, GPRI1, AT2G20570) AAAA (ATGLK2, GLK2, GPRI2, AT5G44190) |
does not rescue |
chloroplast developmental defect |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PRPL11, uL11c, AT1G32990) knockout |
rescues |
leaf variegation phenotype of (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| virescent clpR4-3 mutation |
suppresses |
leaf variegation of (PSB29, THF1, AT2G20890) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rh3–4 mutant |
exhibits |
pale cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PRR2-like proteins in vascular plants |
are not related to |
chloroplast differentiation |
|
| (PSB29, THF1, AT2G20890) antisense lines |
have |
abnormal chloroplasts with loosely stacked thylakoid membranes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| why1why3polIb-1 plants grown under normal light conditions |
develop |
severe dwarf and yellow-variegated phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rescue of yellow-variegated phenotype |
persisted even after |
60 d of growth under low-light conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZmPTAC2 mutant |
exhibits |
ivory/virescent pigmentation |
Zea mays |
| CPN20-mediated FeSOD activation |
supports |
common role for (ATCPN21, CHCPN10, CPN10, CPN20, CPN21, AT5G20720) in chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtbZIP, bZIP, AT1G68880) triple mutant |
displays deficient accumulation of |
Chl a and Chl b |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| guanosine tetraphosphate |
can reduce |
chloroplast size |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PRR domain in MpGLK |
is required for |
chloroplast regulation |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| LEFKOTHEA |
plays role during |
plastidial cycle stage |
|
| GLKs |
regulate expression of |
digalactosyl diacyl glycerol (ATTS02, DGD1, AT3G11670) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MpGLK |
positively regulates |
chloroplast development |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| (AtbZIP, bZIP, AT1G68880) triple mutant |
has significantly lower |
chlorophyll accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| combined morphological and molecular analysis |
underscores |
conserved role of MpGLK in promoting chloroplast development |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| MpGLK |
positions as |
critical regulatory node of chloroplast differentiation and development in Marchantia |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| variegated (var) mutant |
develops |
variegated green and white sectors during development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PSB29, THF1, AT2G20890) |
is involved in |
vesicle-mediated formation of thylakoid membranes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of function of DTN1 |
produces |
abnormal chloroplast ultrastructures |
Oryza sativa |
| double knockout of (ATWHY1, PTAC1, WHY1, AT1G14410) and (ATWHY3, PTAC11, WHY3, AT2G02740) (why1why3) |
results in plants with |
variegated green/white/yellow leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decrease in assimilatory cell number in Mp glk mutants |
is reminiscent of |
defects in mesophyll tissue formation in chloroplast biogenesis mutants in eudicots |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| activated GOLDEN2-LIKE 1 (ATGLK1, GLK1, GPRI1, AT2G20570) |
allows |
expression of chloroplast-development-related genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| integrity of two photosystems and thylakoid membranes |
is incomplete and largely dynamic in response to |
changing environment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| enhancing FtsH expression |
can rescue |
variegation phenotype in the absence of (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplasts in virescent mutants |
ultimately form in |
mature leaves |
|
| excess Mn |
did not change |
total chloroplast area |
Carya illinoensis |
| PIFs and BRs |
have been implicated in |
regulation of chloroplast biogenesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HSP pro :pTaqI lines in rosette leaf 1 (L1) |
exhibited |
preferential loss of stroma lamellae |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| otp86-1 mutant |
ultimately recovers from |
chlorosis and is fertile |
Setaria viridis |
| clpR4-3 (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) double mutant |
displayed |
virescence as clpR4-3 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 80-1 suppressor line |
displays |
leaf virescence and slow growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clpR4-3 mutant |
displays |
leaf virescent phenotype |
|
| (CLP2, CLPR2, EMB3146, NCLPP2, AT1G12410) mutant |
displays |
leaf virescent phenotype |
|
| plastids in variegated mutants |
stop at |
very early development stage in the white/yellow sector of leaf-variegated mutants |
|
| translation in the stroma is blocked |
causes |
serious problems for normal chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cds4cds5 mutant |
showed defect in |
thylakoid development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ultrastructure analyses of cds1cds2 seedlings |
provided no clear evidence for |
defects in thylakoid development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bou-1 mutant |
has low |
chlorophyll content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 44-bp deletion in BoVML1 |
disrupts |
BoVML1 function |
Brassica oleracea var. capitata |
| silencing SlBEL11 |
significantly affects |
chloroplast development |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (AtTK1b, TK1b, TK2, AT5G23070) mutants |
display |
delayed greening |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| heterozygosity at (CLPR4, HON5, AT4G17040) locus |
could rescue |
(FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) leaf variegation to great degree |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| prpl11-2 |
can suppress |
(FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) leaf variegation phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of FtsH subunits |
rescues |
leaf variegation of (PSB29, THF1, AT2G20890) |
|
| abnormal chloroplasts |
lacked |
most of the thylakoid membranes |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| reducing levels of Clp complex |
can suppress |
leaf variegation of both (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) and (PSB29, THF1, AT2G20890) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increase in FtsH expression levels |
is common in |
suppressor lines |
|
| GLKs |
regulate expression of |
monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MDG1) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| bes1-D mutant |
contain |
fewer thylakoids |
|
| TRV::GhCLA1 infected cotton plants |
exhibits |
photo-bleaching phenotype |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| NbDER deficiency |
impairs |
chloroplast biogenesis |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| very highly expressed genes only at SST stage in BS cells |
include |
BS-enriched genes involved in lipid synthesis, plastid development protein, and chloroplast chaperonins |
Zea mays |
| 35S: (FLN1, AT3G54090) -complemented plants |
developed |
chlorotic leaves at maturation |
|
| (ACCD, ATCG00500) gene |
shows gradually increased expression as |
(ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) leaves become green |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| double mutant (EX1, EXE1, AT4G33630) (EX2, EXE2, AT1G27510) |
was affected in |
chloroplast development in cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ultrastructural change in chloroplasts |
observed during |
47-2 and (SOT7, AT1G28170) leaf greening |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| suppression of leaf variegation |
is dependent on |
expression level of ClpR4-3 |
|
| AgWp1 |
is involved in understanding |
chloroplast development |
Apium graveolens L. |
| mutations reducing protein biosynthesis in plastids |
suppress |
leaf variegation of (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FtsH protease |
is |
key mediator for THF1-regulated chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| suppressor genes of (PSB29, THF1, AT2G20890) and (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) (class 2) |
play a role in |
removing the FtsH threshold |
|
| Arabidopsis immutans (im) mutant |
showed |
light-dependent variegation phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCLPC, ATHSP93-III, ClpC2, HSP93-III, AT3G48870) |
is |
(FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) suppressor |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FtsH expression |
is enhanced and should not be |
rate-limiting factor for chloroplast development in 47-2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| virescent clp mutants |
suppress |
leaf variegation of (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) and (PSB29, THF1, AT2G20890) |
|
| chloroplasts |
begin to develop |
in response to light |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MpGLK |
functions as |
master regulator |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) mutant |
is |
null mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| variegation in (ATRNR1, CLS8, DPD2, R1, RNR1, AT2G21790) mutant |
is reminiscent of |
variegation in var2-1 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| EARLY LESION LEAF 1 (ELL1) |
affects |
chloroplast development or function |
Oryza sativa |
| gain-of-function (ATRBX1, HRT1, RBX1, ROC1, AT5G20570) mutants |
show opposite |
blocking of greening |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| G2 transcripts |
show equivalent accumulation dynamics in |
foliar and husk leaves |
Zea mays |
| threshold model |
has been proposed to explain |
mechanism of (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) variegation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| knockdown of Clp |
leads to |
leaf virescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| balance between protein biosynthesis and degradation |
is proposed to be an important factor determining |
chloroplast development in (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Clp protease |
is essential for |
chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| smaller proportions of preferentially plastid-localized lipids |
suggest |
Hakea prostrata leaves contain fewer or smaller chloroplasts on fresh weight basis |
Hakea prostrata |
| p35S:OHP1-FLAG transgenic lines |
exhibited |
wild-type pigmentation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cerulenin treatment of barley seedlings during the greening period |
decreased the level of MGDG and prevented |
formation of grana |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (ALB4, ARTEMIS, STIC1, AT1G24490) mutant lines |
differ from |
wild-type in mean number of chloroplasts per cell per area |
|
| (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) mesophyll cells |
had |
less than half the number of chloroplasts as wild-type |
|
| many chlorophyll (Chl)-deficient mutants |
display |
aberrant plastid ultrastructure |
|
| chloroplast development in Arabidopsis |
takes place early during |
leaf development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| complementation with 1.5-kb genomic fragment containing (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) promoter and full-length gene |
results in |
transgenic plants grew normally with full-green phenotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FdC2, AT1G32550) mutants |
have |
thinner chloroplast lamellae |
Oryza sativa |
| Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of the MEP pathway |
show |
defects in chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| why1why3polIb-1 |
presents |
distinct yellow-variegated phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| severe dwarf and yellow-variegated phenotype |
is associated with |
low chlorophyll content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtTK1a, TK1, TK1a, AT3G07800) (AtTK1b, TK1b, TK2, AT5G23070) double mutants |
display |
albino phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| det1-1 mutant |
cannot suppress |
albino phenotype of hmr-1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduced chlorophyll content in null mutants |
is because of |
defective chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| control of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis |
plays important role for |
development of functioning chloroplasts |
|
| ZmPRIN2 mutant |
exhibits |
ivory/virescent pigmentation |
Zea mays |
| leaves of homozygous (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) and (OHP2, AT1G34000) mutants |
have fewer thylakoid membranes with granal stacks than |
leaves of wild-type plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN1, AT2G31400) expression pattern |
is compatible with |
(GUN1, AT2G31400) functioning in regulation of chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplast ultrastructure |
is completely altered in |
white-variegated sectors of why1why3 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FLAG-tagged (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) |
did not compromise |
function of endogenous (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| second sub-complex |
is present during |
etioplast-to-chloroplast transition |
|
| Δ ftsZ1-2 mutants |
possess |
enlarged plastids in basal zones of chloronema filaments |
Physcomitrella patens |
| OHP1-3xHA fusion protein |
is |
fully functional |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) mutants |
have white sectors with |
loss of pigment |
|
| fc2-1 fts32 and fc2-1 fts38 chloroplasts |
are |
irregularly shaped, contain fewer internal membranes, significantly smaller |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| yellow leaves from 47-2 and (SOT7, AT1G28170) |
had |
less thylakoid membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplast proteome of 47-2 |
is dominantly controlled by |
clpR4-3 mutation |
|
| (AtRH3, emb1138, RH3, AT5G26742) promoter activity |
is strongest in |
greening tissues of 3-day and 1-week-old seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wll1 mutant leaves |
have no identifiable |
mesophyll cells |
Oryza sativa |
| suba1 guard cell chloroplasts |
show range of |
thylakoid development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (EMB3108, HS3, RH22, AT1G59990) knockdown line |
displays |
delayed cotyledon greening |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplast development |
relies on |
coordinated expression of nuclear and plastid genes |
|
| ΔftsZ1-1/1–2 double mutants |
showed |
altered plastid shape and size in every cell and tissue type |
Physcomitrella patens |
| Cpn60 |
might be involved in |
plastid division |
|
| Both single-knockout mutants |
showed |
obvious chloroplast-defect phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| results |
support |
prevailing view that NEP-mediated transcription dominates in immature chloroplasts whereas PEP-mediated transcription dominates in mature chloroplasts |
Zea mays |
| phosphatidylglycerol (PG) production via prokaryotic pathway |
is essential for |
chloroplast function and growth in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN1, AT2G31400) mutant |
shows delayed |
greening of cotyledons during germination |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| activation of chloroplast transcription and translation |
occurs at later stages of development |
in parallel with greening of leaf blade |
Triticum aestivum |
| (NTRC, AT2G41680) knockout mutant |
showed |
altered chloroplast structure |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NDH complex |
is probably not playing a critical role in |
energizing the etioplasts under optimal conditions |
|
| chloroplasts of homozygous (OHP2, AT1G34000) mutants |
contained fewer |
thylakoid membranes with granal stacks |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| targeted deletion of (ATFTSZ1-1, CPFTSZ, FtsZ1, FTSZ1-1, AT5G55280) |
did not lead to |
aberrant chloroplast phenotype |
Physcomitrella patens |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) expression |
is most abundant in |
young and greening tissues |
|
| gun1-103 mutant |
has contrasting effects on |
variegation phenotype of (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) |
|
| wll1 seedlings grown on culture solution supplemented with 1.0 mM FAD |
show complemented |
leaf color |
Oryza sativa |
| wll1 seedlings grown on basic culture solution without FAD |
show |
white patch leaf phenotype |
Oryza sativa |
| ZmMurE mutant |
exhibits |
ivory/virescent pigmentation |
Zea mays |
| BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN 11 (SlBEL11) |
regulates |
chloroplast development |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| knockout of (RPOA, ATCG00740) |
leads to |
albino plants |
|
| related transcription factors |
mutations in genes encoding disrupt |
chloroplast development in bundle sheath cells |
Zea mays |
| PPR protein mutants |
can have |
chloroplast development defects |
|
| weak allele atrh3-4 |
results in |
pale-green seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ohp1-1 mutant |
shows |
reduced growth and pale-green leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GFP |
appeared to be released from |
chloroplasts upon LPS treatment |
|
| cerulenin-treated Chlamydomonas cells |
revealed |
defects in chloroplast structure |
Chlamydomonas |
| (ATTSO2, TSO2, AT3G27060) mutants |
display |
variegated leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BEL1-like protein |
may regulate |
chloroplast development |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| SlBEL11 |
acts directly on promoter of |
TKN2 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| why1why3polIb-1 plants grown at low light for 3 weeks |
do not exhibit |
additional growth delay and yellow variegation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| regulation of chloroplast biogenesis by GLK |
was potentially present in |
last common ancestor of embryophytes |
|
| precise role of PRR domain in MpGLK activity |
remains |
unclear |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| cotyledons |
turn |
green |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BIN2-GLK1 cascade |
precisely fine-tunes |
chloroplast development |
|
| SlBEL11 protein |
directly targets promoter of |
TKN2 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| silencing SlBEL11 |
results in upregulated expression of |
TKN2 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| weak mutant in AtRsgA |
exhibits smaller chloroplasts in |
mesophyll cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| general defects in plastid function |
leading to |
embryonic lethality |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increase of photorespiration |
contributes to |
development of chloroplasts |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| deficiency in the export of reducing power via (NADP-MDH, AT5G58330) |
would result in |
leaf sectioning |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATHB54, HB54, AT1G27045) mutant |
shows |
lower fresh shoot weight |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type mesophyll cells |
contain |
multiple chloroplasts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| weak mutant in AtRsgA |
exhibits more numerous chloroplasts in |
mesophyll cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) |
is |
negative regulator of chloroplast development |
|
| Ms2-OE wheat leaf cells |
exhibit |
altered number and structure of chloroplasts |
Triticum aestivum |
| overexpression of GOLDEN TWO-LIKE 1 (ATGLK1, GLK1, GPRI1, AT2G20570) |
enhanced |
chloroplast size |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ALB4, ARTEMIS, STIC1, AT1G24490) mutant lines |
differ from |
wild-type in numbers of cells per unit area |
|
| transgenic plants from 80-1 transformation |
led to |
leaf variegation phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clpR4-3 mutant |
shows more proteins significantly mis-regulated than |
(PSB29, THF1, AT2G20890) mutant |
|
| Cucumis × hytivus |
exhibits |
disturbed chloroplast development |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| reduction of EaSBEIIb expression |
is consequence of |
lacking normal chloroplasts |
|
| two DAHPSs class II enzymes |
are differentially expressed during |
light-induced chloroplast development |
Euglena gracilis |
| HSP pro :pTaqI lines in rosette leaf 1 (L1) |
exhibited |
abnormal chloroplasts with pronounced hyperstacking of grana thylakoids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fc2-1 fts3, fc2-1 fts32, fc2-1 fts38 double mutants |
show significantly downregulated expression of |
at least two PhANGs ( (AB180, CAB3, LHCB1.2, AT1G29910) (ATBCA1, ATSABP3, CA1, DEG10, SABP3, AT3G01500) (DEG24, RBCS2B, AT5G38420) ) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| thioredoxin biosynthesis |
regulates |
various biological processes during chloroplast development |
|
| OHP1-3xHA fusion protein |
can completely complement |
pale-green phenotype of the (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GLKs |
antagonize |
ORESARA 1 (ANAC092, ATNAC2, ATNAC6, NAC2, NAC6, ORE1, AT5G39610) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SCBA (strigolactone-containing bacterial agent) |
lowered |
photobleaching |
|
| lts1-204 mutant strain |
has |
highly contorted plastid envelope |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| light-grown Arabidopsis thaliana culture cells |
produce |
functional chloroplasts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| a basal level of (PAS2, PEP, PEPINO, AT5G10480) |
must be maintained in |
all cells that will give rise to photosynthetic tissues |
|
| suppressor of (PSB29, THF1, AT2G20890) (EMB2279, EMB88, SOT5, AT1G30610) |
displays |
virescent and serrated leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATTOC159, PPI2, TOC159, TOC160, TOC86, AT4G02510) mutant |
shows direct involvement in |
chloroplast biogenesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| WT anther chloroplasts |
continue to expand during stages 6–12 and finally reach size nearly equivalent to |
leaf chloroplasts |
Zea mays |
| chloroplast and nuclear genes |
require co-ordinated expression |
correct chloroplast development and function |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| many suppressors of leaf variegation mutations |
act by |
direct or indirect interaction with the proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| STT RNAi plants |
show defects in |
chloroplast development |
|
| proper development of chloroplasts |
is strongly dependent on |
(NTRC, AT2G41680) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| enhanced non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) capacity |
results in increase in |
number of chloroplasts able to surmount photodamage threshold |
|
| lipid changes in maize leaves |
are consistent with |
chloroplast maturation and thylakoid development |
Zea mays |
| phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and sulfolipids in Arabidopsis |
are essential for |
chloroplast structure and function |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZmPTAC10 mutant |
exhibits |
ivory/virescent pigmentation |
Zea mays |
| chloroplasts in white sectors of HSP pro :pTaqI lines in rosette leaf 3 (L3) or higher |
had |
vacuolated membrane structures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PPR30, AT3G23020) and (mTERF9, AT5G55580) mutations |
are blocking |
accumulation of specific component(s) of mature chloroplast |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin |
plays vital role in |
chloroplast development |
Oryza sativa |
| pREs-expressing lines |
exhibit |
leaf variegation phenotype |
|
| very pale-green seedling-lethal mutant |
was identified |
(AtKH10, PDE326, PNP, RIF10, AT3G03710) mutant |
Setaria viridis |
| depletion of the pleiotropic (PCK2, PEPCK, AT5G65690) |
has only a minor effect on |
chloroplast differentiation and development |
|
| (CDS5, AT3G60620) mutant |
exhibits |
smaller number and irregular distribution of grana |
Oryza sativa |
| SlBEL11 |
suppresses transcription of |
TKN2 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| lipidic products whose formation is catalyzed by ZmMs33 in ER of tapetum |
are essential for |
normal structure and function of En chloroplast membrane |
Zea mays |
| pTaqI expression |
causes drastic change in |
leaf colour |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| otp86-1 mutant |
is |
pale green at seedling stage |
Setaria viridis |
| (ELL1, FK, HYD2, AT3G52940) spotless leaves |
show no distinct differences in chloroplast structure compared to |
wild-type leaves |
Oryza sativa |
| suba1 guard cell chloroplasts |
many exhibit |
abnormal development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| impairment of PG biosynthesis |
leads to deficiency of |
chloroplast differentiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| HSP pro :pTaqI lines in rosette leaf 1 (L1) |
changed colour from green to |
pale-green/yellow |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ems2505 suppressor strain |
has |
virescent phenotype |
|
| OsDGD2β gene |
is crucial for |
thylakoid membrane formation |
Oryza sativa |
| T-DNA insertion mutants for (PP7L, AT5G10900) |
exhibit |
impaired chloroplast development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fc2-1 fts38 |
shows significantly repressed expression of |
all four PhANGs ( (AB180, CAB3, LHCB1.2, AT1G29910) (ATBCA1, ATSABP3, CA1, DEG10, SABP3, AT3G01500) (DEG24, RBCS2B, AT5G38420) ) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| green (OTP86, AT3G63370) plants |
show |
lack of protein deficiencies |
Setaria viridis |
| small non-green plastids |
could potentially undergo |
differentiation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) mutants |
contain |
green sectors with normal-appearing chloroplasts |
|
| pgpp1-1 mutant |
shows thinner |
grana stacks |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsHAP3C |
is involved in |
chloroplast biogenesis |
|
| OsHAP3B |
is involved in |
chloroplast biogenesis |
|
| chloroplasts in white sectors of 35S pro :pTaqI (V) lines |
lacked |
organized thylakoid membrane structure |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plastids in yellow plants |
have |
undeveloped internal membrane structures |
|
| (ATGLK1, GLK1, GPRI1, AT2G20570) (ATGLK2, GLK2, GPRI2, AT5G44190) mutant |
is |
pale green |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leaf variegation in var2-2 |
was exacerbated in |
var2-2 clh1-1 / 2-2 triple mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| thylakoid membranes in proplastids |
are not |
well-organized |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| norflurazon (NF) |
actively affected |
sampled tissues |
|
| chloroplasts during embryogenesis |
undergo |
transient photosynthetic stage |
|
| young wild-type leaves |
had similar numbers of chloroplasts per cell as |
young (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) leaves |
|