| (ATMYC2, JAI1, JIN1, MYC2, RD22BP1, ZBF1, AT1G32640) OE lines |
show differences in |
chlorophyll content |
Populus tremula × alba |
| CIP-treated seedlings |
exhibit |
bleaching of new emerging leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of function of DTN1 |
produces |
decreased chlorophyll content |
Oryza sativa |
| GLK loss of function mutants |
result in |
pale green plants |
|
| NbPAT suppression |
led to |
strong chlorosis symptoms |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) mutant |
exhibits |
reduction of chlorophyll to ~40% of the wild-type level |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| red light (Rc) |
drives the conversion of |
protochlorophyllide (Pchilde) to chlorophyllide (Chlide) |
|
| loss of function of DTN1 |
produces |
yellow leaf phenotype |
Oryza sativa |
| why1why3polIb-1 plants |
present |
yellow-variegated dwarf phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| DG2 and PD1a lines |
did not show |
chlorotic cotyledon phenotype |
|
| genes encoding enzymes of the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway |
are significantly misregulated in |
YHB–D seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ALA feeding |
results in chlorophyll accumulation under |
continuous dim light |
|
| DTN1 loss of function |
affects |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| constitutive overexpression of VASCULAR-RELATED UNKNOWN PROTEIN1 (VUP1, AT3G21710) |
causes |
dark green leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) (GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4) |
is |
chloroplast phosphoprotein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AVB1, IFL, IFL1, REV, AT5G60690) mutants |
exhibit |
change in leaf color to dark green |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| silencing of Seryl-tRNA Synthetase |
causes |
severe yellowing phenotype in leaves |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| (PORA, AT5G54190) |
is down-regulated in |
YHB–D seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CH-42, CH42, CHL11, CHLI-1, CHLI1, LOST1, AT4G18480) (CHLORINA 42) |
is |
chloroplast phosphoprotein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) mutant |
exhibits |
pale green phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
is a key positive regulator of |
Mg-chelatase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
is a prerequisite for |
active chlorophyll biosynthesis under diurnal growth conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
binds |
MgProto |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| line 026911 seedlings |
forms |
small yellowish leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| strains |
grown under |
LAHG (light-activated heterotrophic growth) conditions |
|
| cotyledons of p35S::ShMKS2 plants |
developed |
regional chlorosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (OHP2, AT1G34000) mutant |
showed |
pale-green leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| null mutants of (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) and (OHP2, AT1G34000) |
have chlorophyll content approximately 40% of |
wild-type plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis cDNA clones |
encode |
NADPH:Pchlide oxidoreductase A protein (pPORA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| interdependency of photosynthetic activity and the rate of chlorophyll biosynthesis |
is reflected by |
thioredoxin-dependent regulation of CHLI |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GENOMES UNCOUPLED5 (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) |
promotes |
chlorophyll synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) |
had low-chlorophyll and chlorotic phenotype |
leaves |
|
| HFA accumulates in MGDG and DGDG |
visually manifested as |
chlorosis of the cotyledons |
|
| synchronous expression of (GUN4, AT3G59400) and (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) |
is reasonable for |
(GUN4, AT3G59400) function |
|
| strains |
grown in |
continuous light (20 μE m−2 s−1) |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) and (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) proteins |
are required for |
continuous high flux rates throughout light period |
|
| stroma |
contains |
all steps required for biosynthesis of protoporphyrinogen IX |
|
| GUN4-mediated posttranslational regulation |
sustains |
chlorophyll synthesis |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) deficiency |
affects |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nonmevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis |
may provide prenyl moiety for |
chlorophyll |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| (CAO, CPSRP43, AT2G47450) |
has been mapped to |
same gene network |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (BAM3, AT4G20270) or (BAM4, BMY6, AT5G55700) mutations introduced into (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) background |
increased chlorophyll content compared with |
(MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) |
|
| partial loss of active (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
led to |
50% reduced chlorophyll accumulation |
|
| low metabolic activities |
allow synthesis of detectable amounts of chlorophyll within 6 d |
synthesis of detectable amounts of chlorophyll |
|
| phytyl esters |
are known to be involved in |
chlorophyll a and b synthesis and senescence |
|
| (POR C, PORC, AT1G03630) (PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE C) |
encodes |
rate-limiting enzyme for chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) mutant plants |
have |
pale-green leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| POR-A isoform |
is |
light-labile |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
is prerequisite for |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
is involved in |
distribution of porphyrins at the branch point |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
is restricted to |
green tissues |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
is indispensable when enzyme is exposed to |
limiting supply of Mg 2+ or MgATP 2– |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Proto |
originate from |
de-repressed ALA biosynthesis |
|
| complete loss of (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
can be partially tolerated under |
constant dim light |
|
| (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) |
is identical to |
GENOME UNCOUPLE (GUN)5 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| signal from GENOME UNCOUPLE (GUN)5 to nucleus |
coordinates |
gene expression with the chloroplast |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PPI1, AT4G27500) /Toc34–/+ mutant |
shows |
clear deterioration of the pale (PPI1, AT4G27500) phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (POR C, PORC, AT1G03630) |
converts |
protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) expression |
correlates with |
activity of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) subunit of Mg chelatase |
is a key enzyme of |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorophyll synthesis |
was interrupted in |
white mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
is less abundant in |
older leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| N. benthamiana plants silenced for NbPAT using pTRV-PAT |
exhibited |
strong symptoms of chlorosis |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| POR-B isoform |
is |
light-stable |
|
| chlorophyll a content |
calculated on |
per-cell basis |
|
| ss1ss2ss3 triple mutant |
displays |
pale leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
dramatically decreases |
chlorophyll content of Synechocystis cells |
Synechocystis |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
has been mapped to |
same gene network |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Synechocystis (GUN4, AT3G59400) mutants |
accumulate |
Proto |
Synechocystis |
| (PORB, AT4G27440) (PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE B) |
encodes |
rate-limiting enzyme for chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression of (PORA, AT5G54190) (PORB, AT4G27440) and (POR C, PORC, AT1G03630) genes |
was greatly increased in |
(AQC1, HPS7, TPST, AT1G08030) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
turns out to be |
key regulator of chlorophyll biosynthesis |
|
| Chlorosis phenotype of plants silenced for NbPAT |
prompted determination of |
chlorophyll contents in leaves of control and silenced plants |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) deletion mutants |
were used to examine |
consequences of deregulated (GUN4, AT3G59400) expression |
|
| balanced and well controlled synthesis of chlorophyll and chlorophyll-binding proteins |
depends on |
bidirectional exchange of information between nucleus and chloroplasts |
|
| Arabidopsis (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
binds |
ProtoIX |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
enables |
immediate channeling of Proto into Mg branch |
|
| (ATTOC159, PPI2, TOC159, TOC160, TOC86, AT4G02510) mutant |
exhibits |
albino phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorophyll accumulation in root |
is consistent with |
results previously obtained in illuminated Arabidopsis roots as consequence of precise cytokinin/auxin ratio |
Zea mays |
| coronatine (COR) treatment |
represses |
genes encoding chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway components |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GWD, GWD1, SEX1, SOP, SOP1, AT1G10760) ( –3) mutation introduced into (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) |
increased chlorophyll content compared with |
(MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) |
|
| lower level of (GUN4, AT3G59400) of line 011461 |
correlates with |
lowered capacity to synthesize chlorophyll |
|
| pitt insertion mutant |
shows reduced levels of |
light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) |
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 |
| enzymes that catalyze subsequent modifications of protoporphyrinogen IX |
are associated with |
envelope membranes |
|
| GENOME UNCOUPLE (GUN)5 |
sends a signal to |
nucleus |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Dclcyb1 expression |
results in increase in |
chlorophyll b content |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| delayed greening |
could involve |
accumulation of chlorophyll intermediates |
Hakea prostrata |
| Mg2+-chelatase |
is required for |
Mg2+-protoporphyrin IX synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) |
oppositely regulate |
(GSA2, GSAM, AT3G48730) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| photoinhibition under moderate light |
leads to |
increased chlorosis |
Setaria viridis |
| Q3;2 mutant |
does not show |
chlorosis |
|
| PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) |
oppositely regulate |
(POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) gene expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (RPOB, ATCG00190) mutants in tobacco |
are |
albino |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| emb15 mutant |
causes |
albino phenotype |
Zea mays |
| FLUORESCENT (FLU) protein |
forms a complex with |
NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) and (ACSF, CHL27, CRD1, AT3G56940) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CHLM, AT4G25080) gene |
shows 1.3–4-fold increase in expression in |
DcLCYB1-expressing transgenic tobacco lines |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| enzymes that catalyze subsequent modifications of protoporphyrinogen IX |
are associated with |
thylakoids |
|
| lhcb1 mutant |
was found to exhibit |
reduced chlorophyll contents |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GhCLA1-silenced plants |
displayed |
albino phenotype |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| transgenic DcLCYB1 lines |
had |
increased chlorophyll content |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases |
shape |
prolamellar bodies' membrane tubules |
|
| PORAB gene |
shows 1.3–4-fold increase in expression in |
DcLCYB1-expressing transgenic tobacco lines |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| magnesium-chelatase |
catalyses |
insertion of Mg2+ into protoporphyrin IX |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AFB1, ATGRH1, GRH1, AT4G03190) |
inhibits |
chlorophyll synthesis |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| GENOME UNCOUPLE (GUN)5 |
has been postulated to be |
monitor of porphyrin levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| iron |
is required for |
synthesis of chlorophyll precursors, namely aminolevulinic acid and protochlorophyllide |
|
| 35Spro–MIR171c mutant plants |
have significantly greater |
chlorophyll a and b levels in cotyledons and leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| positive overexpression plants |
had higher chlorophyll a content than |
negative plants |
Oryza sativa |
| emb mutants in the W22 background crossed with other cultivars, including (B73, CHL6, CNX, CNX1, SIR4, AT5G20990) |
produced |
albino seedlings |
Zea mays |
| quadruple serat mutants |
display |
slight chlorosis |
|
| PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) |
oppositely regulate |
(AtHEMA1, GluTR, HEMA1, AT1G58290) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) |
oppositely regulate |
(POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) gene expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) |
is |
essential component of the Proto Mg-chelatase complex |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| magnesium-chelatase |
is required in |
chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Q2;1 mutant |
shows |
slight chlorosis |
|
| PCH1OE and PCHLOE seedlings |
have higher relative fluorescence peaks at 632 nm indicative of |
Pchlide |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATCAO, CAO, CH1, AT1G44446) mutation |
inactivates |
Chl a Oxidase (CAO, CPSRP43, AT2G47450) |
|
| chlorophyll formation |
is catalysed by |
Mg-chelatase |
plants |
| white and lesion-mimic leaf1 (wll1) mutant |
exhibits |
white patches on leaves |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) gene |
shows 1.3–4-fold increase in expression in |
DcLCYB1-expressing transgenic tobacco lines |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| Mutation of SlDXS1 |
results in |
albino phenotype |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Os- (ASL39, LBD37, AT5G67420) overexpressor lines |
show |
pale-green phenotype |
Oryza sativa |
| FLU(ΔCC)/flu lines |
had turned |
pale green leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| silencing of Glutamyl-tRNA Synthetase (GluRS) |
causes |
severe yellowing phenotype in leaves |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| (PORB, AT4G27440) |
is down-regulated in |
YHB–D seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
exhibits marked preference for |
MgProto |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Proto |
are provided to be directed into |
Mg branch |
|
| (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) and magnesium protoporphyrin methyltransferase (MgPMT) |
have physical interactions |
between them |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) function |
is dispensable when |
porphyrins do not frequently and rapidly accumulate |
|
| absence of (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
drastically reduces metabolic activities in the chlorophyll-synthesizing pathway |
metabolic activities in the chlorophyll-synthesizing pathway |
|
| N-terminus of EMB15 |
is sufficient to rescue |
albino phenotype of maize emb15 homozygous mutant in the Zong31 background |
Zea mays |
| protoporphyrin IX |
branches into |
chlorophyll formation and b-type haem synthesis |
plants |
| (ATTOC159, PPI2, TOC159, TOC160, TOC86, AT4G02510) /ppi4 double knockout |
appeared even paler than |
(ATTOC159, PPI2, TOC159, TOC160, TOC86, AT4G02510) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HY3, OOP1, PHYB, AT2G18790) |
has been shown to positively regulate |
chlorophyll synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transgenic DcLCYB1 lines |
showed |
increased transcript levels of key genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| interaction between (EX1, EXE1, AT4G33630) and (GUN4, AT3G59400) in the chloroplast |
inhibits |
(GUN4, AT3G59400) function involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis |
|
| differences between antisense (knockdown) and T-DNA insertion (knockout) lines |
support |
hypotheses that variegation is caused by factors that control transcript abundance of genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) expression pattern |
resembles |
diurnal gene expression of key enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtTic21, CIA5, PIC1, TIC21, AT2G15290) mutants |
displayed |
severe chlorosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATFD1, FD1, AT1G10960) mutants |
exhibit |
chlorosis in the first leaves |
Oryza sativa |
| cytokinin |
plays vital role in |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| b-type haem biosynthesis pathway |
partially overlaps with |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
plants |
| FLU(ΔTM)/flu lines |
accumulated less chlorophyll relative to |
WT and flu seedlings |
|
| wll1 mutant |
has reduced |
chlorophyll a content |
Oryza sativa |
| MEP and MVA pathways |
provide C5 building blocks for |
biosynthesis of chlorophyll |
|
| FLUORESCENT (FLU) protein |
fine-tunes rates of |
ALA synthesis for chlorophyll production in light |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of (CAO, CPSRP43, AT2G47450) in Arabidopsis |
led to |
Chl b accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FLU(ΔCC)/flu lines |
accumulated less chlorophyll relative to |
WT and flu seedlings |
|
| flu mutants expressing truncated FLU forms |
contained similar or slightly higher amounts of |
protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) |
|
| (PORA, AT5G54190) |
showed higher expression levels in |
NOLi lines |
Lolium perenne |
| Iron (Fe) |
is essential for |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
|
| (AtHMAC6, AtHMP38, HMA6, PAA1, PCH1, AT4G33520) /PCHL |
positively regulate expression of |
(AtHEMA1, GluTR, HEMA1, AT1G58290) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cytokinin metabolism perturbation |
leads to |
misregulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| (HEMG2, MEE61, PPO2, AT5G14220) |
showed higher expression levels in |
NOLi lines |
Lolium perenne |
| white and lesion-mimic (wll1) mutant |
displays |
white leaves |
Oryza sativa |
| WLL1 |
could affect |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| 100 μM NaHS |
increases |
biosynthesis of chlorophyll |
Spinacia oleracea |
| Q2;1 mutant |
shows |
reduction in chlorophyll content |
|
| (GABA-T, HER1, POP2, AT3G22200) |
showed higher expression levels in |
NOLi lines |
Lolium perenne |
| accelerated formation of ALA |
might be |
one reason for misregulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| (POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) activity |
is always adjusted to |
needs of Chlide formation |
|
| EaZIP gene expression |
is correlated with |
chlorophyll content |
|
| chromoplasts |
lack |
proteins of the chlorophyll biosynthesis branch |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| expression of sweet potato IbMADS3-1 |
resulted in development of |
chlorophyll-enriched petals |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| co-silencing plants |
showed |
pale green stem |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| EaZIP gene |
encodes |
MPE cyclase |
|
| SAM decline |
may affect |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
|
| (FHY2, FRE1, HY8, PHYA, AT1G09570) mutant plants |
exhibit leaf yellowing in response to |
strong partial shading |
|
| Pfr form of PHYTOCHROME A (FHY2, FRE1, HY8, PHYA, AT1G09570) regulating chlorophyll biosynthetic genes via (PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) |
is proposed to occur |
in response to partial shading in mature leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SAIL_708_F05 and SAIL_659_F07 homozygous lines |
have |
paler rosettes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis mutant in the NADPH thioredoxin reductase C gene (NTRC, AT2G41680) |
is perturbed in |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chloroplast mutator of barley |
leads to |
cytoplasmically inherited chlorophyll deficiencies |
Hordeum vulgare |
| EaZIP expression |
may contribute to |
yellow sector formation |
Epipremnum aureum |
| loss of function of (ELL1, FK, HYD2, AT3G52940) |
affects |
expression of genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Oryza sativa |
| protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases |
are |
light-sensitive enzymes |
|
| Glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2, 1-aminomutase (spot no. 7) |
is involved in |
porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism |
Festuca pratensis |
| AtOEP16 induction and (PORB, AT4G27440) increase |
may explain |
greener phenotype and higher leaf chlorophyll content of (ATCBF2, CBF2, DREB1C, FTQ4, AT4G25470) overexpression plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ACC treatment under Fe-sufficient condition |
has no significant effect on |
SPAD values |
Oryza sativa |
| cpSecA loss-of-function mutants |
are |
albino |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression of genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis |
is reduced in both genotypes but significantly lower in |
phyA-5 leaves, particularly after 3 d and 6 d of shade |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genes related to biosynthesis of chlorophyll and photosynthetic protein |
are induced to similar extents in response to |
phytochrome-activating light and absence of (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) (PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) (AtPIF4, PIF4, SRL2, AT2G43010) and (A-PUT2, bHLHb1, PIF5, PIL6, AT3G59060) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PIF1, PIL5, AT2G20180) |
can stimulate expression of |
(PORA, AT5G54190) (PORB, AT4G27440) and (POR C, PORC, AT1G03630) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorophyll genes |
encoding |
eight enzymes |
|
| chlorophyll biosynthetic enzyme |
is target of |
chloroplastic TRXs |
|
| (ATNR2, B29, CHL3, NIA2, NIA2-1, NR, NR2, AT1G37130) QTL |
shows highest effect from |
L58 allele |
|
| phytochrome A (FHY2, FRE1, HY8, PHYA, AT1G09570) |
is essential for fine-tuning |
chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway |
|
| (AtRNJ, emb2746, RNJ, AT5G63420) repression |
led to |
chlorosis in mature leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana benthamiana |
| HMChlide a |
cannot be efficiently transferred |
to next enzyme |
|
| (OZ1, VAR3, AT5G17790) mutant |
accumulates lower levels of |
chlorophylls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SOSU1 plants |
had slightly lower chlorophyll contents than |
wild type |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| transgenic plants with reduced cis-ZRP |
were |
chlorotic |
|
| EaZIP transcript |
was correlated with |
chlorophyll content |
|
| heat shock-inducible promoter leakiness in tobacco |
causes |
greener leaves |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| affected leaf sectors in TRV:DER plants |
varied from |
pale green to yellow or white |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| (PORA, AT5G54190) (PORB, AT4G27440) and (POR C, PORC, AT1G03630) binding free protochlorophyllide |
positively regulates |
biosynthesis of chlorophyll |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flu mutant |
accumulates |
free protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| faster leaf yellowing in partially shaded (FHY2, FRE1, HY8, PHYA, AT1G09570) mutant plants |
resulted from |
reduced expression of genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| anu10-1 mutant |
shows reduction in |
chlorophyll b levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| albino or glassy yellow (AGY1, AtcpSecA, SECA1, AT4G01800) mutant |
has |
glassy yellow rosette leaves (type 2) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorophyllide a oxygenase (ATCAO, CAO, CH1, AT1G44446) |
is considered critical enzyme responsible for |
chlorophyll b synthesis |
|
| (FHY2, FRE1, HY8, PHYA, AT1G09570) |
is essential for fine-tuning |
chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway in response to partial shading |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| anu10-1 mutant |
shows reduction in |
chlorophyll a levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) |
has been shown to affect |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
|
| GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) |
regulates |
(ACSF, CHL27, CRD1, AT3G56940) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of MPE cyclase |
results in |
variegated phenotype |
|
| antisense tobacco lines |
exhibited |
variegated phenotype |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| far-red light (FR) |
does not allow |
photoconversion of protochlorophyllide |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sulfurea mutant |
shows reduced |
chlorophyll content |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Fe deprivation |
results in |
chlorophyll concentration decline |
Oryza sativa |
| chlorophyll biosynthesis enzyme genes |
show |
generally similar transcript levels in (GED1, PRT6, AT5G02310) and wild-type Ws seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| white variegation in why1why3polIb-1 population |
is observed in equivalent fraction as in |
why1why3 population |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VIGS with each construct |
resulted in |
leaf-yellowing phenotype |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) |
encodes enzyme associated with |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorophyll biosynthesis |
is mainly regulated at |
transcriptional level |
|
| (AOAT1, GGAT1, GGT1, AT1G23310) mutant rosette |
is |
pale green |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plants expressing pri-amiR-CH42 |
showed |
similar but somewhat weaker bleaching phenotype around leaf veins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HCAR, AT1G04620) |
has approximately equivalent activities with |
HMChl a and HMChlide a |
|
| chlorophyll accumulation in hp-1 hypocotyls |
is opposite in nature to |
chlorophyll accumulation in normal control hypocotyls |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| dark-adapted seedlings of the flu mutant |
accumulate |
protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) in thylakoids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorophyll biosynthesis genes |
overexpression correlates with |
elevation of chlorophyll accumulation in tic-2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| microalgae research |
provides examples of |
target genes whose modulation results in chlorophyll (Chl)-deficient phenotypes, many of which are conserved in the genomes of land plants |
|
| leaf yellowing in phyA-mutant plants under strong partial shading |
correlates to |
decreased expression of genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| reduced production of chlorophyll precursor δ-aminolevulinic acid |
reduces |
production of chlorophyll |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) |
has been shown to inhibit |
chlorophyll biosynthesis specifically |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CHL1, TN18, AT5G40090) QTL |
shows highest effect from |
L58 allele |
|
| phytochrome B (HY3, OOP1, PHYB, AT2G18790) |
does not stimulate |
fine-tuning of chlorophyll biosynthesis in response to strong partial shading |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| downregulation of the chlorophyllide a oxygenase gene |
led to |
decrease of chlorophyll b synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PORB, AT4G27440) |
encodes enzyme associated with |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PORA, AT5G54190) (PORB, AT4G27440) and (POR C, PORC, AT1G03630) |
can bind |
free protochlorophyllide |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtHEMA1, GluTR, HEMA1, AT1G58290) gene |
shows lower expression in |
albino leaves of (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lower number of mesophyll cells in leaf blade |
results in |
pale green colour of mutant leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) (GUN1, AT2G31400) and (GUN4, AT3G59400) double mutants |
increase expression of |
(CAO, CPSRP43, AT2G47450) and (AtHEMA1, GluTR, HEMA1, AT1G58290) genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BoVML1 |
is key positive regulator of |
leaf color |
Brassica oleracea var. capitata |
| far-red light |
reduces |
chlorophyll synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| geranylgeranyl reductase |
catalyzes formation of |
phytyl 'tail' of chlorophyll a |
|
| geranylgeranyl reductase ( (AtSSU, GGPPS12, GGR, SSU, AT4G38460) also designated ChlP) |
produces phytylated |
chlorophyll a (Chl a) |
|
| Δ chlP mutant of Synechocystis |
is |
GGR-deficient mutant |
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 |
| broad transcriptional reprogramming |
is associated with |
virescent phenotype |
Brassica oleracea var. capitata |
| chlorophylls in NtCOI1-silenced floral nectary |
were at higher levels |
compared with control floral nectary |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| light-regulated conversion of pheophytin into chlorophyll |
occurs in |
maize etiolated leaves |
Zea mays |
| genes critical for chlorophyll biosynthesis ( (AtHEMA1, GluTR, HEMA1, AT1G58290) (PORB, AT4G27440) (POR C, PORC, AT1G03630) ) |
had |
significantly lower transcript levels in (AGY1, AtcpSecA, SECA1, AT4G01800) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phytochrome B (HY3, OOP1, PHYB, AT2G18790) |
is not essential for fine-tuning |
chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway |
|
| (POR C, PORC, AT1G03630) |
encodes enzyme associated with |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| first pair of true leaves of p35S::ShMKS2 plants |
remained |
colorless |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
is up-regulated in |
YHB–D seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) overexpression |
leads to |
general activation of chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) deficiency |
prevents |
chlorophyll accumulation |
|
| strains |
exposed to |
light (5 μE m−2 s−1) |
|
| low-starch phenotype of mature (AtDPE1, DPE1, AT5G64860) (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) leaves |
is not due to inability to make starch per se, but is more likely related to |
development of extreme chlorotic phenotype |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
seems to be essential for |
adequate pigment synthesis |
Synechocystis |
| Arabidopsis (GUN4, AT3G59400) T-DNA insertion mutants |
were examined for effects on |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Δ chlP mutant |
has no |
(AtSSU, GGPPS12, GGR, SSU, AT4G38460) activity |
Synechocystis |
| C. × hytivus |
exhibits |
pale young leaves |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| (NOL, AT5G04900) |
catalyzes |
first reaction of Chl b to Chl a conversion |
|
| FLU protein |
inhibits |
early step in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PENTA1 (PNT1, AT5G22130) |
did not regulate translation of |
(AtHEMA1, GluTR, HEMA1, AT1G58290) mRNA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ASI1, IBM2, SG1, AT5G11470) mutation |
disrupts expression levels of |
genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| regulatory network of transcriptional and posttranslational control for plastid-localized activities |
is still incomplete |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) gene knockout in Arabidopsis |
impeded |
synthesis of detectable amounts of chlorophyll |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| complete loss of (GUN4, AT3G59400) in homozygous seedlings of line #026911 |
results in |
albino phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Δ (GUN4, AT3G59400) seedlings |
were unable to synthesize detectable amounts of |
chlorophyll |
|
| complete loss of (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
is not tolerated under |
photoperiodic growth conditions of same light intensities |
|
| FNR levels |
impact on |
MgProtoME cyclase reaction |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| impact of decreased FNR activity on the cyclase reaction |
is similar between |
Arabidopsis and tobacco |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum |
| loss-of-function mutant (PFG_2D-00052) of Os4G58780 |
exhibits |
albino phenotype |
Oryza sativa |
| FLU overproduction |
may have stabilizing effects on |
Protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) |
|
| strain ami CYG12 |
contained only about |
43% of cellular chlorophyll concentration of strain CC-124 |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| 3-kb region on chromosome 10 |
contains |
GOLDEN 2-LIKE (ATGLK2, GLK2, GPRI2, AT5G44190) |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| mutation in (ATGLK2, GLK2, GPRI2, AT5G44190) |
resulted in |
uniform light-green colour of MM fruit |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| stable RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic lines |
validated |
enhanced chlorophyll accumulation |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| FLU-overexpressing (FLUOE) lines |
result in reduced |
chlorophyll content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (123B, AKR, AKRP, EMB16, EMB2036, STT2, AT5G66055) RNAi transgenic lines |
downregulation leads to |
reduced chlorophyll levels |
|
| conversion of Chl b to Chl a by (HCAR, AT1G04620) and (NOL, AT5G04900) |
resulted in |
very low level of HMChl a |
|
| (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) mutant |
exhibits |
chlorotic phenotype |
|
| bidirectional exchange of information between nucleus and chloroplasts |
provides |
adequate amounts of pigments and pigment-binding proteins |
|
| elevated enzyme activities |
did not correlate with |
increased amounts of relevant proteins |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| AtGUN4 |
has higher affinity to |
MgProto |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
supports maximum Mg chelatase activity under |
limiting or varying conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glutamyl-tRNA reductase (AtHEMA1, GluTR, HEMA1, AT1G58290) |
is a key enzyme of |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
is likely participating in |
product release from Mg chelatase |
|
| (NOL, AT5G04900) |
has high catalytic activity with |
Chlide b compared to Chl b |
|
| (NOL, AT5G04900) (HCAR, AT1G04620) |
converts |
Chl b in LHCII to Chl a without accumulation of toxic intermediate molecules |
|
| (SLG1, AT5G08490) seedling greening rate |
is lower than |
WT seedling greening rate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FHY2, FRE1, HY8, PHYA, AT1G09570) mutant |
had lower abundance of |
(AtHEMA1, GluTR, HEMA1, AT1G58290) (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) and (PORB, AT4G27440) (POR C, PORC, AT1G03630) transcripts |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HCAR, AT1G04620) mutant |
accumulated |
HMChl a |
|
| transgenic lines homozygous for Lat52: (ATRNR1, CLS8, DPD2, R1, RNR1, AT2G21790) transgene and mutation |
show |
typical defects in vegetative growth such as pale true leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (HCAR, AT1G04620) and (NOL, AT5G04900) proteins |
converted |
free Chl b and Chl b in LHCII to Chl a |
|
| CaNFYB9/15 |
are positively correlated with |
chlorophyll biosynthetic gene CaCPOX |
Capsicum annuum |
| SmHEMA |
is |
key chlorophyll structural gene |
Solanum melongena |
| (PORA, AT5G54190) |
is downregulated in |
tko plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE REDUCTASE A (PORA, AT5G54190) |
is overexpressed in |
tic-2 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SmMYC2 |
interacts with |
SmGATA15 |
Solanum melongena |
| SlMYB72 |
directly targeted |
Mg-chelatase H subunit |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| ACC treatment |
significantly increases |
SPAD value under Fe deficiency |
Oryza sativa |
| photoreduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide) |
is catalysed by |
protochlorophyllide reductase (NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase, (POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) EC 1.3.1.33) |
|
| most of the duplicated genes (16 of 19) in chlorophyll biosynthesis |
show |
no significant differences in expression levels |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| relative expression level of (HEME2, AT2G40490) in the young leaves of Cucumis × hytivus |
was significantly lower than |
in both parents |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| increased ALA synthesis rate |
correlates with |
enhanced metabolic flow through the pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| albino leaf1 (AL1) |
with a shortened 3′ UTR had reduced expression in |
indica |
Oryza sativa |
| relative level of PBG in the young leaves of Cucumis × hytivus |
was similar to |
that of Cucumis hystrix |
Cucumis × hytivus; Cucumis hystrix |
| loss of rice (CDS5, AT3G60620) |
results in |
pale yellow-green leaves |
Oryza sativa |
| magnesium chelatase H subunit (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) |
is |
one of the 22 potential target genes of SlBEL11 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| adequate cyclase activity |
enables |
feedback control on ALA biosynthesis rate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATLFNR1, FNR1, LFNR1, AT5G66190) mutant |
accumulated more |
MgProtoMe |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FLU |
bimolecular interaction with |
protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) |
|
| light-induced stimulation of ALA synthesis |
is predominantly required for |
supply of chlorophyll during greening |
|
| hmr-1 seedlings |
had |
striking albino phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATHB52, HB52, AT5G53980) and (ATHB54, HB54, AT1G27045) mutants |
show minimal reductions in expression of |
chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) -1 G54S mutant |
have |
yellowish leaves with reduced chlorophyll content |
|
| (AtHMAC6, AtHMP38, HMA6, PAA1, PCH1, AT4G33520) /PCHL |
positively regulate expression of |
(GSA2, GSAM, AT3G48730) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) |
oppositely regulate |
(GSA2, GSAM, AT3G48730) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 3t mutant |
has lower chlorophyll a content than |
ZH11 wild type |
Oryza sativa |
| (HCAR, AT1G04620) activity with HMChl a |
is higher than |
(NOL, AT5G04900) activity with Chl b |
|
| in vitro experiments using isolated LHCII and recombinant (NOL, AT5G04900) (HCAR, AT1G04620) |
showed |
Chl b in LHCII can be efficiently converted to Chl a without accumulation of HMChl a |
|
| Mg chelatase |
reaches maximum activity hours prior to |
subsequent enzyme MgPMT |
|
| (ATCAO, CAO, CH1, AT1G44446) mutation |
blocks |
chlorophyll b synthesis |
|
| (AIC1, ATTOC132, TOC132, AT2G16640) (ATTOC120, TOC120, AT3G16620) double homozygous plants |
appeared |
very pale green |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| thioredoxin |
regulates |
synthesis of chlorophylls |
|
| (HEME2, AT2G40490) |
is significantly repressed in |
Cucumis × hytivus |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| blocked chlorophyll synthesis |
may lead to |
development of abnormal thylakoid membrane systems |
|
| not a single blocked site of chlorophyll biosynthesis |
is |
explanation for reduced chlorophyll level in Cucumis × hytivus |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| complemented strains ami CYG12-C1 and ami CYG12-C2 |
reached |
96% (C1) and 83% (C2) of wild-type chlorophyll levels |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| elevated MgProtoME and decreased Pchlide and chlorophyllide levels |
correlates with |
lower chlorophyll content and enhanced chlorophyll a/b ratio |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ACSF, CHL27, CRD1, AT3G56940) |
interacts with |
(ATLFNR1, FNR1, LFNR1, AT5G66190) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| modified accumulation of tetrapyrrole intermediates |
supports |
direct role for FNR in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FNR1-AS lines |
contained lower |
(ACSF, CHL27, CRD1, AT3G56940) amounts |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| yellow variegated2 (FTSH2, VAR2, AT2G30950) mutant |
displays |
variegated phenotype characterized by green- and white-sectored leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of (PPR4, AT5G04810) |
influenced |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa |
| FLUOE seedlings |
display under low light |
yellow-green pigmentation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LHCB1 and (LHCA1, AT3G54890) content |
is consistent with |
lower overall chlorophyll content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CAO, CPSRP43, AT2G47450) |
is |
direct target of GLKs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CONSTANS-like 16 (BBX15, COL16, AT1G25440) |
is coordinately expressed with |
chlorophyll content |
Chrysanthemum sp.; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) |
is photoreduced to |
chlorophyllide (Chlide) |
|
| white variegation in why1why3polIb-1 |
appears at same frequency as in |
why1why3 population |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ectopic expression of MP17:GFP |
results in |
chlorotic leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Chlorophyll a and β-carotene |
were decreased severely in |
(OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| non-maternal inheritance of phenotype and rearrangements in why1why3polIb-1 |
supports importance of |
DNA rearrangements for appearance of yellow-variegated phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PAP3, PIF3, POC1, AT1G09530) |
oppositely regulate |
(AtHEMA1, GluTR, HEMA1, AT1G58290) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| why1why3polIb-1 mutant |
exhibits |
dwarf and yellow-variegated phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tpTOC75 lines |
are not |
pale |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Fe deficiency |
compromises |
the biosynthesis of chlorophyll |
|
| (PDE226, PDS, PDS3, AT4G14210) mutant |
results in |
impairment of chlorophyll accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SmGATA15 |
regulates activity of |
SmHEMA, SmCHLG, SmPORA, and SmPOA |
Solanum melongena |
| backcrossing the PPR8522 mutation into maize inbred lines A188 and (B73, CHL6, CNX, CNX1, SIR4, AT5G20990) |
produced |
albino seedlings |
Zea mays |
| amplification of specific parts of genome near homoplasmy in why1why3 plants |
leads to appearance of |
white-variegated sectors |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| examination of sequences and expression levels of related genes |
examined |
chlorophyll biosynthesis genes |
Cucumis × hytivus; Cucumis sativus; Cucumis hystrix |
| (ATERS, ERS, OVA3, AT5G64050) and (ATSRS, OVA7, SRS, AT1G11870) VIGS lines |
showed |
unchanged expression of chlorophyll biosynthesis genes |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of NbERS and NbSRS |
resulted in |
severe leaf-yellowing phenotype |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| protochlorophyllide reductase B (PORB, AT4G27440) |
is overexpressed in |
tic-2 mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PhCOL16 |
positively regulates |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Petunia hybrida |
| SmMYC2 heterologous overexpression |
exerts positive regulatory effect on |
chlorophyll content |
Solanum melongena |
| some of the synthetic sites in chlorophyll biosynthesis |
are targets of |
endogenous and exogenous factors |
|
| synthesis of heme |
shares |
first part of the pathway with chlorophyll biosynthesis |
|
| (CDS5, AT3G60620) mutant |
exhibits reduced |
chlorophyll a content |
Oryza sativa |
| FNR1-S line |
more closely resembled |
MgProto and MgProtoME contents of control plants |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| MELO3C023131 |
encodes |
magnesium-chelatase subunit H ortholog |
Cucumis melo |
| geranylgeranyl reductase |
catalyzes reduction of |
geranylgeranyl diphosphate to phytyl diphosphate |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR) triple mutant (APRR9, PRR9, TL1, AT2G46790) (APRR7, PRR7, AT5G02810) (APRR5, PRR5, AT5G24470) |
displays altered gene expression in |
chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway |
|
| virus-induced gene silencing of PAT |
led to plants with reduced |
chlorophyll content |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| combined effects of repressed expression of (AtHEMA1, GluTR, HEMA1, AT1G58290) (HEME2, AT2G40490) and (POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) |
resulting from allopolyploidy |
contributed to the reduced chlorophyll level in the young leaves of Cucumis × hytivus |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| trx m124-2 |
demonstrated |
slightly similar leaf phenotype to (FTRB, INAP1, AT2G04700) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| albino or glassy yellow (AGY1, AtcpSecA, SECA1, AT4G01800) mutant |
has |
albino cotyledons |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MpRR-MYB2 overexpression |
does not rescue |
Mp glk,rr-myb5 mutant pale phenotype |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| (SOT7, AT1G28170) mutants |
contained |
about 43% of WT chlorophyll content in young leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorophyll synthase (ATG4, CHLG, G4, PDE325, AT3G51820) |
produces |
geranylgeranylated Chlorophyll a (Chl a GG) |
|
| SmCHLG |
is |
key chlorophyll structural gene |
Solanum melongena |
| SlMYB72 |
regulated |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| partial blocking of chlorophyll biosynthesis at the transcript level |
is due to |
allopolyploidization |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| MpRR-MYB2 overexpression |
does not rescue |
Mp glk mutant pale phenotype |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| clh1-1 mutant |
has |
slightly lighter green leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) deficiency mutants |
are |
pale |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| large amount of HMChlide a accumulated |
indicates |
HMChlide a was not efficiently converted to Chlide a by (HCAR, AT1G04620) |
|
| 72-h ethanol induction of FLU(ΔCC) expression in CL-grown seedlings |
resulted in |
approximately 15% decrease in chlorophyll (Chl) content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SmGATA15 |
binds to promoters of |
SmHEMA, SmCHLG, SmPORA, and SmPOA |
Solanum melongena |
| inhibitory effect on chlorophyll synthesis |
was reported previously in |
maize and other crops treated with (AFB1, ATGRH1, GRH1, AT4G03190) |
Zea mays |
| 1180mu mutant |
shows reduced |
chlorophyll accumulation |
Brassica oleracea var. capitata |
| chlorophyll biosynthesis |
occurs within |
chloroplasts |
|
| SynGUN4 loss |
leads to accumulation of |
Proto |
Synechocystis |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
supports maximum activity of |
Mg chelatase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| overexpression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) under ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit gene promoter |
causes |
reduced chlorophyll content |
|
| Arabidopsis (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
binds |
Magnesium protoporphyrin monomethylester (MgProtoME) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATTOC159, PPI2, TOC159, TOC160, TOC86, AT4G02510) knockout |
results in |
albino plant phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| white and lesion-mimic (wll1) mutant |
displays |
chlorophyll loss |
Oryza sativa |
| all seven DEGs in the Chl biosynthesis pathway |
showed higher expression levels in |
NOLi lines than in WT |
Lolium perenne |
| yl mutant allele |
apparently decreases |
chlorophyll content |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| overexpression plants of OsGATA8 |
found higher transcript abundance in compared to wild-type and knockdown plants for |
(POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) genes |
Oryza sativa |
| Arabidopsis CHLI |
undergoes |
thioredoxin-dependent regulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Osics1 mutant |
displays |
pale green to yellowish pigmentation in leaf |
Oryza sativa |
| FNR1-AS lines |
characterized by |
yellow-green young leaves |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| disturbed MgProtoME levels and cyclase activity in Arabidopsis and tobacco plants |
in response to altered FNR contents confirmed |
positive impact of excess FNR on (ACSF, CHL27, CRD1, AT3G56940) and YCF54/LCAA accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum |
| decreased chlorophyll content in FLUOE seedlings |
correlated with less |
Mg porphyrins |
|
| (POR C, PORC, AT1G03630) |
is up-regulated in |
YHB–D seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
has additional roles in |
control of different steps of chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Plants silenced for NbAsp5 |
showed |
no comparable alteration in chlorophyll a or b |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| most pigments other than β-carotene in (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) mutants |
increased relative to |
content of chlorophyll a |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transgenic plants overexpressing (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
were used to examine |
consequences of deregulated (GUN4, AT3G59400) expression |
|
| Pitt |
forms complex with |
light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) |
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 |
| Silencing of PAT activity |
affected |
chlorophyll levels |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| Synechocystis hliD/scpE single-deletion mutant |
had |
elevated accumulation of chlorophyllide |
Synechocystis |
| Mg chelatase |
was up to 60% more active in |
transgenic GUN4-overexpressing plants |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
enables |
removal of MgProto from Mg chelatase |
|
| SynGUN4 loss |
adversely affects |
Mg branch towards chlorophyll synthesis |
|
| one-third of kanamycin-resistant seedlings |
exhibited |
white phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Δ (GUN4, AT3G59400) mutants |
have reduced transcript contents for |
(ACSF, CHL27, CRD1, AT3G56940) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SlMYB72 |
directly targeted |
protochlorophyllide reductase |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Arabidopsis allotetraploids with higher chlorophyll content than diploids |
have |
upregulated (PORA, AT5G54190) and (PORB, AT4G27440) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) and (OHP2, AT1G34000) mutants |
develop |
pale-green leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
is indispensable when |
(ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) and Mg chelatase experience modified affinity for metabolites |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SynGUN4 |
has higher affinity to |
MgProto |
|
| chlorophyll a absorption |
monitored at |
different timepoints |
|
| (AtHEMA1, GluTR, HEMA1, AT1G58290) |
has been mapped to |
same gene network |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| conversion of protochlorophyllide (Pchilde) to chlorophyllide (Chlide) |
is essential for |
chlorophyll synthesis |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
is very high in |
young and greening tissues |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| enzyme activity of Mg branch |
indicates |
slow, but constant flux through pathway towards chlorophyll |
|
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) overexpression |
results in increased chlorophyll synthesizing activities |
chlorophyll synthesizing activities |
|
| EXECUTER2 (EX2, EXE2, AT1G27510) |
interacts with |
chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes |
|
| reduced form of CHLI |
is |
active |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decreased chlorophyll-binding protein amount |
is consistent with |
reduced chlorophyll content of the (GUN4, AT3G59400) mutants of line 011461 at increasing light intensities |
|
| KNOX gain-of-function mutants |
have |
darker green leaves |
Zea mays |
| white mutants |
do not contain detectable amounts of |
chlorophyll |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Mg chelatase |
instantaneously has to cope with |
increasing amounts of Proto |
|
| Mutation of a rice (TWN2, VALRS, AT1G14610) |
results in |
reduced level of chlorophyll |
Oryza sativa |
| Δ (GUN4, AT3G59400) mutants |
have substantially reduced transcript contents for |
protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| prenyl moiety |
is primary end-product of |
tetrapyrrole pathway in plants |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| N. benthamiana plants cosilenced for NbPAT and NbAsp5 using pTRV-Asp5/PAT |
exhibited |
strong symptoms of chlorosis |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| coronatine (COR) treatment |
exhibits strong and transient repression of |
genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PORA, AT5G54190) (PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE A) |
encodes |
rate-limiting enzyme for chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) |
has |
two main isoforms |
|
| light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR) |
is responsible for |
conversion of protochlorophyllide |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PBGD1 and POR1 transcripts |
fall within cutoff under |
standard growth conditions |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| FNR1-S line |
contained less |
Pchlide |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| FLUORESCENT (FLU) protein |
fine-tunes rates of ALA synthesis especially under |
rapidly fluctuating light conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) |
reduces |
protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide) |
|
| increased expression of (PORA, AT5G54190) (PORB, AT4G27440) and (POR C, PORC, AT1G03630) genes |
might account for |
higher accumulation of chlorophyll in (AQC1, HPS7, TPST, AT1G08030) than in the wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| enhanced chlorophyll biosynthesis under red light (Rc) |
would be expected to consume a greater proportion of |
protoporphyrin IX pool |
|
| Δ (GUN4, AT3G59400) mutant |
exhibits green pigmentation only under continuous dim light conditions |
green pigmentation |
|
| accumulation of chlorophyll (Chl) in fruits |
is influenced by |
expression levels of structural genes within the chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis pathway |
|
| YCF54-HA-Strep protein accumulation |
correlates with |
green leaf phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorophyll a and b contents |
were significantly higher in |
wild-type plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flu mutant |
cannot grow under |
light−dark conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FLU overexpression line (FLUOE) seedlings |
shows yellow-green leaf phenotype reflected in |
32% reduction in chlorophyll content relative to WT under continuous ML exposure |
|
| (EMB139, EMB506, STT1, AT5G40160) RNAi transgenic lines |
downregulation leads to |
reduced chlorophyll levels |
|
| downregulated genes in At (MYBS1, AT1G49010) (MYBS2, AT5G08520) mutants |
included those encoding enzymes of |
chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (FAR1, AT5G22500) -BINDING PROTEIN 3 (CPD45, FHY3, AT3G22170) and (FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE 1) |
play essential roles in regulating |
chlorophyll synthesis |
|
| chlorophyll synthase-coding gene in rice (Ygl1) |
had been |
characterized |
Oryza sativa japonica |
| Chl biosynthetic pathway |
shares |
some enzymes with other metabolic pathways |
Pisum sativum |
| flu seedlings |
display |
pale green phenotype in newly formed leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FLU overexpression line (FLUOE) |
shows elevated contents of |
protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) |
|
| Mp rr-myb5,2 double mutant |
has low levels of |
chlorophyll |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| GGR-catalyzed reaction |
requires |
energy and redox equivalents |
|
| (APX4, TL29, AT4G09010) mutants |
had |
cotyledon chlorosis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| research group using mutant collection |
has been precisely analyzing |
albino and pale green (apg) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GUN4-mediated posttranslational regulation |
sustains chlorophyll synthesis under |
varying environmental conditions |
|
| decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen III at the acetate side-chain of each pyrrole ring |
forms |
coproporphyrinogen III (Coprogen III) |
|
| all 19 genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis |
can be categorized into |
two non-additive groups |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| YCF54-COS lines |
show decreased |
Pchlide |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cucumber |
has |
single (POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) gene |
Cucumis sativus |
| low level of (HEME2, AT2G40490) expression in young leaves of Cucumis × hytivus |
appeared to result in |
reduced UROD activity |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| weak mutant in AtRsgA |
produces |
chlorotic plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| resulting suborganellar distribution of Glutamyl-tRNA reductase (AtHEMA1, GluTR, HEMA1, AT1G58290) |
in turn reflects |
light intensity-dependent need for chlorophyll synthesis |
|
| FAR1-BINDING PROTEIN 3 (CPD45, FHY3, AT3G22170) |
directly targets |
(ALAD1, HEMB1, AT1G69740) |
|
| strain ami CYG12 |
appeared lighter green than wild-type in |
colony coloration under aerobic low light conditions |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| shorter splice variant of FLU transcript |
encoding regulator of chlorophyll biosynthesis was lower abundant under |
standard growth conditions |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| PG supplementation |
partially restores |
pale yellow-green leaf color to normal green |
Oryza sativa |
| chloroplast-localized PPR mutants in rice |
has |
white-striped leaves |
Oryza sativa |
| target of rapamycin (TOR, AT1G50030) |
acts as indirect positive regulator of |
chlorophyll biosynthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| heme |
can be |
allosteric inhibitor for (AtHEMA1, GluTR, HEMA1, AT1G58290) |
|
| changes in the expression of the (POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) gene caused by allopolyploidization |
was assumed to be |
one reason for yellow-green leaves in Cucumis × hytivus |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| bin2-1 (ATGLK1, GLK1, GPRI1, AT2G20570) (ATGLK2, GLK2, GPRI2, AT5G44190) mutant |
shows |
pale green leaves |
|
| pathway integration with C1 metabolism |
has minimal information available as to how |
the supply of methyl groups for Mg-protoporphyrin IX methylation |
|
| F1 plants from (ATRNR1, CLS8, DPD2, R1, RNR1, AT2G21790) × -1 cross |
show |
yellow true leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| relative expression level of (HEME2, AT2G40490) in the mature leaves of Cucumis × hytivus |
was similar to |
the level of the parents |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| YCF54-COS lines |
characterized by lower |
(ATLFNR1, FNR1, LFNR1, AT5G66190) levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| protochlorophyllide reductase (POR, TFC C, AT4G39920) |
is |
one of the 22 potential target genes of SlBEL11 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| YCF54 |
is proposed to be required for |
MgProtoME cyclase reaction |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lower chlorophyll content in YCF54-COS lines |
correlates with |
predominantly stronger decrease in chlorophyll b content than chlorophyll a |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| YCF54-COS lines |
show elevated |
MgProtoMe |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chlorina-9 (Chl9) |
exhibited 3′ UTR shortening in indica and had significantly higher expression levels than |
japonica |
Oryza sativa |
| (ABAR, CCH, CCH1, CHLH, GUN5, AT5G13630) |
is |
subunit of Mg2+ chelatase |
|
| precursors |
are joined to |
a phytol chain |
|
| yl mutant |
had chlorophyll levels |
severely reduced relative to the WT |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Arabidopsis plants overexpressing (GATA21, GNC, AT5G56860) and (CGA1, GATA22, GNL, AT4G26150) |
confirmed role in |
increased accumulation of chlorophyll in hypocotyl region |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| green and pale yellow tissues |
were incubated with |
ALA solution in the dark |
|
| (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) mutant |
showed |
pale-green leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIF and (AtbZIP, bZIP, AT1G68880) transcription factors (HY5, TED 5, AT5G11260) and (HYH, AT3G17609) |
antagonistically regulate |
chlorophyll biosynthesis during seedling development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| two HEME genes, (HEME1, AT3G14930) and (HEME2, AT2G40490) |
encode |
uroporphyrinogen III decarbolylase (UROD) |
Cucumis sativus |
| reduced chlorophyll biosynthesis in Cucumis × hytivus seedlings |
may exacerbate |
chlorophyll deficiency |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| iron in chloroplasts |
plays a role in |
synthesis of chlorophyll |
|
| pale young leaves |
indicate |
chlorophyll deficiency |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| POR1 |
codes for |
light-dependent protochlorophyllide reductase |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| PG supplementation |
partially restores |
chlorophyll content |
Oryza sativa |
| approach of precursor levels and (HEME2, AT2G40490) expression to parental levels in mature leaves |
corresponds well with |
change from a yellow-green to green leaf colour when young leaves mature |
Cucumis × hytivus |
| rice (CDS5, AT3G60620) |
is required for |
normal leaf color |
Oryza sativa |
| upregulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes |
has been reported in |
hybrids |
|
| FD |
is required for |
chlorophyll b biosynthesis |
|
| (OHP, OHP1, PDE335, AT5G02120) mutants |
could not detect |
unusual chlorophyll derivatives |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pale green phenotype |
indicates |
impaired chlorophyll synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CHLM, AT4G25080) protein |
differs in amount between |
Δ (GUN4, AT3G59400) and wild-type seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GUN4, AT3G59400) |
is presumably not directly involved in |
metabolic substrate channeling |
|
| (POR C, PORC, AT1G03630) gene |
shows increased expression in |
L15 and L16 transgenic lines |
Nicotiana tabacum |