| inner nucellus cells |
exhibit |
walls enriched in de-esterified pectin (HG) |
Hordeum vulgare |
| ratio between GlcA-Xyl3 and MeGlcA-Xyl3 in wild type |
is |
about 1:1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TaGT47_2 RNAi transgenics |
show decreased immunolabeling for |
arabinoxylan (AX) epitopes |
Triticum aestivum |
| TaGT47_2 RNAi transgenics |
show decreased immunolabeling for |
xylan epitopes |
Triticum aestivum |
| appressoria |
exhibited higher CFW signal in |
Δ (ATBARD1, BARD1, ROW1, AT1G04020) strain |
Ustilago maydis |
| xyloglucans (XyGs) |
is also |
minor component in other plant species |
|
| OPM1 and OPM2 |
are |
candidates potentially responsible for difference in composition |
Hordeum vulgare |
| interconduit pit membranes in angiosperm xylem |
consist of |
nonwoven cellulose fibrils |
|
| xyloglucan (XyG) |
is |
major hemicellulose in the primary wall |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| observed mass distribution |
is comparable to |
that reported by Wu et al. (2010) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtXTH31, ATXTR8, XTH31, XTR8, AT3G44990) mutant |
has low |
hemicellulose content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phenylpropanoids such as suberin or lignin |
are suggested to be major components of |
root oxygen loss (ROL) barrier |
|
| enlarged nucellar cells |
accumulate |
pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan |
Triticum aestivum |
| ratio between GlcA-Xyl3 and MeGlcA-Xyl3 in triple mutant |
was closer to |
2:1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| SFG intensity at 2,944 cm−1 |
correlated well with |
crystalline cellulose contents of various regions of the Arabidopsis inflorescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cellulose in primary cell walls of Arabidopsis |
exhibited |
characteristic SFG peak at 2,920 and 3,320 cm−1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| arabinose |
accounts for only 15% of |
total monosaccharide content in rosette leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LM6 appeared to label |
labels parts of |
large structures in the cytoplasm |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| arabinans |
are abundant in |
cell walls of seeds |
|
| hemicellulose polysaccharides |
are structurally diverse and include |
xyloglucans, xylans, and mannans |
|
| cell wall of grasses |
contains small amounts of |
pectin |
|
| cell wall of grasses |
contains small amounts of |
xyloglucan |
|
| glucuronoarabinoxylan |
takes up role of |
pectin and xyloglucan in grasses |
|
| overall ratio of GlcA to MeGlcA |
is |
about 2:3 in Arabidopsis xylan |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wheat starchy endosperm cell wall |
is |
excellent system for studying grass cell walls |
Triticum aestivum |
| pectins |
are particularly abundant in |
middle lamella |
|
| 1,3;1,4-β-D-glucan |
constitutes |
wheat starchy endosperm cell wall |
Triticum aestivum |
| aposporous initial (AI) cell |
lacks detectable |
callose in cell wall |
Hieracium |
| JIM7 epitope |
was absent from |
CAP |
Lepidium sativum |
| senesced internodes |
have very low levels of |
mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| gaut10-1 silique |
is consistently reduced in |
galacturonic acid (GalA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut mutants |
have altered wall compositions compared to |
wild-type (WT) |
|
| inner nucellus |
is enriched in |
AGPs |
Oryza sativa |
| atgatl5-1 seeds |
show less labeling of |
nonmethylesterified homogalacturonan (HG) epitopes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis mesophyll cells |
are surrounded by |
primary cell walls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LM19 and LM20 antibodies |
detected pectin epitopes in |
nucellar epidermal cells |
Hieracium praealtum |
| glucuronoxylans (GAXs) |
occur in |
cell walls |
commelinid monocotyledon families |
| double and triple mutants of (LRX3, AT4G13340) (LRX4, AT3G24480) and (LRX5, AT4G18670) |
exhibit |
changes in several cell wall polysaccharides |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CESA Asp mutants |
exhibit no evidence of increase in |
noncrystalline glucan |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut6-1 silique tissue |
is increased in |
rhamnose (Rha) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut14-2 |
has reduced |
fucose (Fuc) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| megaspore mother cell (MMC) |
has |
callose-rich cell wall |
Hieracium subgenus Pilosella |
| arabinogalactan protein |
show associations with |
pectins |
|
| pectin labeling with the carbohydrate antibody JIM5 |
was performed to indicate |
pectins with a low level of methylesterification (also called callose) |
Oryza sativa |
| pollen tubes of rmd mutants and RNAi lines |
exhibited |
staining spots in the tip region as well as regions distal to the tip |
Oryza sativa |
| commelinid cell wall preparations |
were found to contain |
bound ferulate (FA) and p-coumarate (pCA) |
|
| (LRX8, AT3G19020) (LRX9, AT1G49490) (LRX11, AT4G33970) mutant |
showed increased |
callose content in apical walls of pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cell walls in vegetative tissues of grasses |
contain |
high level of cellulose and low level of MLG |
|
| LM19 epitope |
was distributed in |
testa and testa-derived mucilage layer |
Lepidium sativum |
| qua1-1 leaves |
are decreased in |
xylose (Xyl) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| callose deposition |
was evident in |
patches of functional AI cell wall |
Hieracium praealtum |
| (ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) -6 ProSNBE lines |
have lignocellulosic composition and metabolome very similar to |
ccr1-6 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 17 monoclonal antibodies |
detect epitopes in |
four major classes of cell wall glycans |
|
| matrix phase of the wall |
is composed of |
hemicelluloses, pectic polysaccharides, protein, and lignin |
|
| gaut6-3 silique tissue |
is increased in |
rhamnose (Rha) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut9-1 stems |
are increased in |
fucose (Fuc) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| irx8-5 / gaut12-2 mutant stems |
are severely reduced in |
xylose (Xyl) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut5-2 |
shows increased |
mannose (Man) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ferulic acid (FA) |
is |
common constituent in cell walls of several plant families |
|
| surrounding parenchyma cells in Typha orientalis |
have |
unlabeled walls |
Typha orientalis |
| raphide idioblasts in Ananas comosus |
have |
labeled walls |
Ananas comosus |
| chicory (Cichorium intybus, Asteraceae) leaves |
contain |
xyloglucan |
Cichorium intybus |
| G-layer |
contains |
4,6-linked glucose |
Populus trichocarpa |
| irx8-5 / gaut12-2 mutant stems |
have elevated |
galactose (Gal) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| total sugar in hemicellulose |
was significantly lower in |
(ATXTH17, XTH17, AT1G65310) mutant than in wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut13-1 |
has increased |
galacturonic acid (GalA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LM10 monoclonal antibody |
recognizes |
glucuronoxylan |
|
| cell walls of resurrection plants |
are notably rich in |
arabinose |
resurrection plants |
| primary wall |
contains |
pectin |
dicotyledonous plants |
| xyloglucan |
accounts for up to |
20% of cell wall content |
|
| LM19 epitopes |
were evident in |
enlarging functional AI cell |
Hieracium praealtum |
| modification in one wall polymer |
is often observed to affect |
other components of the wall matrix |
|
| crystalline cellulose content |
is less in |
ccr1-6 mutants compared to wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wall-bound p-coumarate (pCA) and ferulate (FA) |
occur in |
commelinid monocotyledon clade |
|
| pectin |
is |
most complex polysaccharide in the plant cell wall |
|
| gaut12-1 and gaut12-2 |
are analogous to |
irx8-1 and irx8-5 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 4-linked xylose |
is the most predominant derivative in |
wild-type hemicellulose |
Populus trichocarpa |
| lignin content |
shows no significant difference between |
transgenic lines and wild-type |
Populus trichocarpa |
| growing plant cell wall |
contains |
hemicellulosic polysaccharides |
|
| increase in cellulose in tension wood (TW) |
was accompanied by relative reduction in |
xylan |
Populus tremula |
| xyloglucans |
are found in |
non-lignified primary walls of angiosperms |
|
| other commelinid order walls |
contain |
xyloglucans |
|
| (1→3)(1→4)-β-glucans |
occur in |
walls of all Poales families examined, except Bromeliaceae, Typhaceae, and Sparganiaceae |
|
| surrounding parenchyma cells in Ananas comosus |
have |
unlabeled walls |
Ananas comosus |
| onion (Allium cepa, Amaryllidaceae) bulb |
contain |
xyloglucan |
Allium cepa |
| fucosylated xyloglucans |
occur in |
walls of raphide idioblasts |
|
| LM19 epitope |
was ubiquitously distributed in |
cell walls of RAD and CAP |
Lepidium sativum |
| (BG1, AT5G12050) antibody labeling |
is localized to |
sclerenchyma fibers of mature leaves |
|
| rmd pollen tube |
has |
an altered deposition of pectin |
Oryza sativa |
| RMD |
is essential for |
the proper distribution of pectin with distinct properties in the pollen tube wall |
Oryza sativa |
| cesa T-DNA mutants |
have reduced |
Man content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| irx8-1 / gaut12-1 mutant stems |
have elevated |
galactose (Gal) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut6-1 |
shows increased |
fucose (Fuc) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut9-3 |
shows increased |
fucose (Fuc) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| arabinose |
represents as much as 10–15% of |
dry weight of Arabidopsis embryos |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KOH-extracted fraction |
contains |
polysaccharide epitopes |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| mixed-linked β-glucan (MLG) |
accumulates in |
primary walls |
|
| transgenic Populus modified in their degree of pectin methylesterification |
differs from |
wild-type trees |
Populus |
| Xyl |
is found at similar levels in |
all genotypes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut10-2 silique |
is consistently reduced in |
galacturonic acid (GalA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| irx8-1 / gaut12-1 mutant stems |
are severely reduced in |
xylose (Xyl) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut14-1 |
has greater mol% changes than |
gaut14-2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pectins |
make up |
approximately 50% of Arabidopsis leaf cell walls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| xyloglucan |
has not been detected by chemical analysis in |
walls of mature barley endosperm cells |
Hordeum vulgare |
| G-layer |
contains |
3,6-linked galactose |
Populus trichocarpa |
| G-layer |
contains |
4-linked mannose |
Populus trichocarpa |
| pectic arabinan |
is present at substantial levels in |
embryos of cereals |
|
| LM6 monoclonal antibody |
detects |
1,5-arabinan motifs |
|
| loss of function of RMD |
disrupts |
the distribution pattern of low-methylesterified pectins in growing pollen tube walls |
Oryza sativa |
| reductions in Xyl |
are not observed in |
inflorescence |
|
| poorly complemented CESA mutant lines |
have sugar composition profile similar to |
cesa T-DNA mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut14-1 |
has reduced |
rhamnose (Rha) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut5-1 |
shows increased |
mannose (Man) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endosperm |
accumulates up to |
45% (w/w) mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| primary walls in vascular tissue |
might contain |
more hydrophobic XyG |
|
| JIM4 and LM8 to LM11 antibodies |
epitopes detected by were not observed in |
ovule cells at this stage |
Hieracium praealtum |
| primary cell walls of hypocotyls |
contain |
xyloglucan and pectin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| xyloglucan |
is |
important hemicellulose component of dicotyledonous plant cell walls |
|
| wall preparations |
comprised |
xyloglucans from non-lignified walls of all different cell types |
|
| xyloglucan content |
varies significantly among species in |
angiosperm non-lignified, primary walls |
|
| JIM13 antibody |
specifically detected epitopes in |
expanding functional AI cell in Hieracium ovules at stage 4 |
Hieracium praealtum |
| plant cell wall |
consists mainly of |
hemicellulose |
|
| released cytoplasmic contents |
were usually heavily labeled for |
cell wall epitopes with different antibodies |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| G-layer |
contains |
4-linked glucose |
Populus trichocarpa |
| gaut6-3 |
shows increased |
fucose (Fuc) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LM11 monoclonal antibody |
recognizes |
glucuronoxylan |
|
| outer nucellus |
comprises cells with |
low level of HG |
Hordeum vulgare |
| nonmethylated oligosaccharide lacking acetyl esters |
is |
overrepresented in wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CDTA-extracted fraction |
contains |
polysaccharide epitopes |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Arabidopsis cell walls |
do not contain |
MLG |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) |
has no labeled |
walls |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| Tradescantia virginiana (Commelineaceae) |
was examined rather than |
Tradescantia fluminensis |
Tradescantia virginiana; Tradescantia fluminensis |
| lower proportion of F side chains in Tradescantia virginiana xyloglucans |
results in failure to detect |
CCRC-M1 epitope |
Tradescantia virginiana |
| wheat starchy endosperm cell walls |
are dominated by |
arabinoxylan (AX) |
Triticum aestivum |
| JIM7 epitope |
was present at reduced levels in |
RAD |
Lepidium sativum |
| lower (XET, XTH33, AT1G10550) action |
may lead to |
reduced cell wall polysaccharides |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glucuronoxylans (GAXs) |
occur in small proportions in |
primary walls of palms |
Arecaceae |
| gaut6-3 silique tissue |
is increased in |
xylose (Xyl) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| irx8-1 / gaut12-1 mutant stems |
have elevated |
rhamnose (Rha) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Xyl compositional phenotype |
is observed in |
stem and silique tissues |
|
| (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucans |
are less commonly found in |
fungi |
|
| other commelinid order walls |
contain |
pectic polysaccharides |
|
| gaut mutants |
show increases and decreases in |
galacturonic acid (GalA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| habituated cells |
compensated for reductions with increased amounts of |
pectins |
|
| type-I primary cell walls |
contains |
xyloglucan |
|
| palms (Arecales) |
contain |
fucogalactoxyloglucans |
Arecales |
| fucosylated xyloglucans |
occur sometimes in |
phloem walls |
|
| pectins |
is composed of |
diverse acidic polysaccharides |
|
| tension wood (TW) |
contains |
G-layer |
Populus tremula |
| polysaccharide-bound hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) |
are found in |
cell walls of different plant species |
|
| raphide idioblasts in Typha orientalis |
have |
labeled walls |
Typha orientalis |
| CCRC-M1 epitope |
is absent from walls of |
maize (Zea mays) |
Zea mays |
| LM6 labeling |
was concentrated at |
inner cell wall |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pectin |
is major constituent of |
primary wall in most non-grass plants |
|
| dicot and monocot walls |
contain |
glucuronoarabinoxylan |
|
| cello-oligosaccharides in habituated cells |
correspond to |
glucan covalently bound or co-precipitated with hemicelluloses |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| pectic polysaccharide proportion in other Poales families and Zingiberales and Commelinales walls |
is |
intermediate proportions |
|
| Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) leaves |
contain |
xyloglucan |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ferulic acid (FA) |
comprises |
about 0.9% by weight of rice endosperm cell walls |
Oryza sativa |
| glycome profiling database |
may provide inferences about |
functions of genes in cell wall composition, structure, and extractability based on glycome profiling patterns |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| commelinids |
have |
ferulic acid ester-linked to walls |
|
| proportions of oligosaccharides containing F side chains |
correlates with extent and intensity of CCRC-M1 wall labeling |
CCRC-M1 wall labeling |
|
| chicory (Cichorium intybus, Asteraceae) wall preparations |
contain approximately |
6–8% xyloglucan |
Cichorium intybus |
| XG-pectin heteropolymers |
represent |
rather minor components in walls |
|
| glucuronoarabinoxylan |
accounts for |
fiber fraction in maize grains |
Zea mays |
| clear separation between normal wood (NW) and tension wood (TW) samples along first principal component (t1) |
indicates |
significant difference in wood composition between sample types |
Populus tremula |
| xyloglucan |
followed the same trend as |
cellulose |
|
| F side chains |
have not been found in |
maize xyloglucans |
Zea mays |
| hemicellulose and pectic groups |
are sets of polymers within |
cell walls |
|
| major hemicellulose in type I cell walls of dicots and non-commelinid monocots |
is |
XGs |
|
| ferulic acid (FA) |
dominates |
monomeric fraction of ester-linked HCAs of Chinese water chestnut |
|
| VIGS approach in N. benthamiana plants |
provides |
ideal system for creating glycome profiling database |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| CCRC-M1 epitope |
may be present in |
RG-I in Lolium species |
Lolium multiflorum; Lolium perenne |
| Tradescantia virginiana xyloglucans |
may have even lower proportion of F side chains than |
Tradescantia fluminensis xyloglucans |
Tradescantia virginiana; Tradescantia fluminensis |
| xyloglucan percentages |
represent only averages for |
walls of different cell types within an organ |
|
| ccr1g mutant |
shows higher level of |
xylose in cell wall |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pectin matrix |
contains |
cellulose |
|
| immunogold labeling study with CCRC-M1 antibody |
found no colloidal gold label over walls of seedling roots of |
maize (Zea mays) |
Zea mays |
| barley (Hordeum vulgare, Poaceae) coleoptiles |
contain |
xyloglucan |
Hordeum vulgare |
| inner wall layer |
has lower density of |
cellulose fibrils |
Gerrardanthus macrorhizus |
| xyloglucan |
showing similar content in |
dehabituated cells |
|
| JIM7 antibody |
recognizes |
homogalacturonan |
|
| XG immunogold labelling in more developed walls of differentiating root cells |
localizes to |
darker areas of the wall |
Allium cepa L. |
| 8-8′- DiFA (4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-β,β'- bicinnamic acid) |
is |
major form of dehydrodimer |
|
| increase in cellulose in tension wood (TW) |
was accompanied by relative reduction in |
mannan from glucomannan |
Populus tremula |
| primary plant cell wall |
contains |
hemicelluloses |
|
| highest proportions of oligosaccharides with F side chains |
corresponded to greatest extent and intensity of |
CCRC-M1 wall labeling |
|
| concentrations of F side chains |
were insufficient to be detected chemically in |
extracts of whole wall preparations |
Lolium multiflorum; Lolium perenne |
| land plant cell walls |
contain |
pectic polysaccharides |
|
| CoMPP and cell wall glycome profiling approaches |
can be used with |
VIGS |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| palm walls (Arecales) |
contain |
only small proportions of feruloylated GAXs |
|
| cellulase overexpression |
results in larger quantity of remaining |
xyloglucan |
|
| primary walls |
are mainly composed of |
pectins |
|
| secondary walls |
typically comprise |
hemicelluloses |
|
| gaut12-1 and gaut12-2 stems and siliques |
have increased |
galacturonic acid (GalA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pectic galactans |
are also increased in |
(GAUT12, IRX8, LGT6, AT5G54690) walls |
|
| xylose |
is the second most abundant monosaccharide in |
seeds |
|
| pectate lyase-released cell walls |
contain |
LM21 mannan epitope |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| non-commelinid monocotyledons |
contain |
large proportions of pectic polysaccharides |
|
| xyloglucanase (AaXEG2) overexpression |
results in |
increased cellulose density |
Populus trichocarpa |
| (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) c d mutant |
shows small increase in proportion of |
uronic acids in cell wall |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| type II cell walls of grasses and commelinid monocots |
contain |
(glucurono-arabino) xylans and pectins in lower amounts |
|
| LM5 monoclonal antibody |
detects |
1,4-galactan motifs |
|
| genetic studies of cell wall biosynthetic genes using gene knockout or misexpression studies |
highlighted |
surprising plasticity of wall composition |
|
| growing plant cell wall |
contains |
structural proteins |
|
| primary plant cell wall |
contains |
cellulose microfibrils |
|
| ccr1g mutants |
shows similar cell wall residue content to |
wild-type (WT) levels |
|
| spectroscopic studies |
have mostly targeted |
structural elements |
|
| specialized walls |
consist mainly of |
single polymer component |
|
| deletion of Um CDA7 |
did not affect |
chitin and chitosan staining in hyphae |
Ustilago maydis |
| ferulate and diferulates |
have been found in |
variety of plant species |
|
| ester and ether-linked ferulate concentrations |
were less in |
pith parenchyma and epidermal cells |
sorghum |
| primary plant cell wall |
contains |
structural proteins |
|
| ferulic acid |
is found substituting |
arabinoxylans |
|
| cell wall glycome profiling of VIGS plants |
show that |
reduction of cellulose and lignin can have profound effects on cell wall extractability |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| CCRC-M1 epitope |
is known to be absent from |
RG-I from maize cell-suspension cultures |
Zea mays |
| plant cell walls |
also contain |
ions |
|
| crystalline cellulose content in (ATGRP8, CCR1, GR-RBP8, GRP8, RBGA6, AT4G39260) -6 ProSNBE lines |
does not differ significantly from |
ccr1-6 mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| uronic acids |
make up the largest proportion of |
glycosyl residues in non-cellulosic wall polysaccharides |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| qua1-1 leaves |
are decreased in |
galacturonic acid (GalA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut6-2 |
shows increased |
glucose (Glc) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Gal containing wall component |
is also increased in |
(GAUT12, IRX8, LGT6, AT5G54690) walls |
|
| fucosylated xyloglucan (XyG) |
accumulates in |
middle region of straight walls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut9-1 stems |
are reduced in |
wall galacturonic acid (GalA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LM21 mannan epitope |
is weakly detected at surface of |
galactanase-released cell walls |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| cell wall micro-domains at plasmodesmata |
are enriched in |
callose |
|
| hemicelluloses |
include |
xylans |
|
| polyploidy |
increases relative |
pectin |
|
| type I primary walls |
contain |
cellulose microfibrils |
|
| JIM5 gold particles in more developed walls of differentiating root cells |
localizes to |
middle lamella of the cell wall |
Allium cepa L. |
| fucosylated xyloglucans |
occur in all cell types with non-lignified walls in |
most non-commelinid monocotyledons |
|
| ccc mutant |
shows mainly increased |
arabinose and glucuronic acid in cell wall |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary cell walls in growing plant tissues |
contain |
hygroscopic polymers such as pectins |
|
| de-methylesterified homogalacturonans |
can be found in |
curved areas of anticlinal cell-wall |
|
| (GAUT12, IRX8, LGT6, AT5G54690) mutant |
exhibits |
reduction in homogalacturonan (HG) levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| arabinoxylan (AX) in aleurone layer |
is uniformly distributed throughout |
primary walls of aleurone layer |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| esterified pectin |
is |
one of the main components of the wall at the pollen tube tip |
|
| (ATGUT1, GUT2, IRX10, AT1G27440) irx10L double mutant |
exhibits |
reduction in cellulose content of as much as 71% compared with wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| variation between spectra |
reflects |
difference in wood composition between sample types |
Populus tremula |
| peaks positively correlated with tension wood (TW) samples |
originated mainly from |
cellulose |
Populus tremula |
| non-habituated bean cells |
contain |
xyloglucan |
|
| primary plant cell wall |
contains |
pectins |
|
| CCRC-M1 wall labeling extent and intensity in Poales |
reflected to some extent the diversity in fucosylation of xyloglucans |
fucosylation of xyloglucans in Poales |
|
| phloem walls in Lolium species |
may contain xyloglucans with F side chains |
xyloglucans with F side chains |
Lolium multiflorum; Lolium perenne |
| fucosylated xyloglucans |
have more restricted distribution in |
Zingerberales, Commelinales, and Poales |
|
| (ATCAD4, CAD, CAD-C, CAD4, AT3G19450) c d mutants |
shows similar cell wall residue content to |
wild-type (WT) levels |
|
| primary walls |
are mainly composed of |
hemicelluloses |
|
| cell wall |
contains |
polysaccharide polymers and proteins |
|
| thaxtomin A treatment |
strongly reduces |
cellulose synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| polyploidy |
alters |
cell wall content |
|
| Oryza sativa (rice) |
is |
monocot with very little xyloglucan (XyG) in cell walls |
Oryza sativa |
| homogalacturonan (HG) |
is abundant pectin component of |
pollen tube cell walls |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) |
accumulates in |
convex region of curved walls at the lobes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary wall |
contains |
structural proteins |
dicotyledonous plants |
| CCRC-M1 epitope |
is present in phloem walls of |
Lolium multiflorum and Lolium perenne |
Lolium multiflorum; Lolium perenne |
| cellulase overexpression |
is effectively equivalent to |
xyloglucan knockout |
|
| pectins |
are present in |
primary cell wall of most plants |
|
| vacuolated microspore stage |
exhibits labelling density with anti-RGII of |
60.58 particles μm −2 |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| plant cell walls |
are composed of |
polymers |
|
| walls of older non-growing tissues |
have introduction of |
covalent links between polymers |
|
| type II walls |
possess lower abundance of |
structural proteins |
|
| immature vacuolated microspore |
displays similar pattern to |
meristematic root cells |
Capsicum annuum L.; Allium cepa L. |
| elongating cells |
exhibits stronger immunofluorescence signal with |
JIM5 antibody |
Allium cepa L. |
| elongating cells |
exhibits stronger immunofluorescence signal with |
anti-XG antibody |
Allium cepa L. |
| mature pollen stage |
exhibits high labelling density with JIM5 of |
205.13 particles μm −2 |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| mature zygotic embryos with two cell types |
exhibits signals with JIM5 in |
walls of the outer area cells |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| vacuolated microspore stage |
exhibits no signal with |
anti-RGII antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| JIM7 antibody labelling in vacuolated microspore |
appears as |
linear array of particles along the inner wall and in the apertures |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| cell wall micro-domains at plasmodesmata |
have |
characteristic pectin distribution |
|
| tip-growing cells |
have walls rich in |
pectin |
|
| RGII labelling in more developed walls of differentiating root cells |
localizes throughout |
whole thickness of the cell wall |
Allium cepa L. |
| JIM7 labelling in mature pollen stage |
greatly decreases in |
mature pollen stage |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) |
accumulates in |
endosperm walls of small grain cereals |
|
| ferulic acid (FA) |
comprises |
3.1% in maize bran |
Zea mays |
| surrounding parenchyma cells in Pontederia cordata and Musa sp. |
have |
unlabeled walls |
Pontederia cordata; Musa sp. |
| polysaccharides |
make up |
biggest portion of the cell wall |
|
| mature pollen |
displays similar proportion of wall components to |
differentiating root cells of the elongation zone |
Capsicum annuum L.; Allium cepa L. |
| acid pectin |
is absent from |
apical tube wall |
|
| monosaccharide composition of cell walls |
hardly varied between |
wild-type and transgenic cell walls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary walls of cotyledons of Hymenaea courbaril |
are rich in |
pectins |
Hymenaea courbaril |
| polyploidy |
increases relative |
hemicellulose |
|
| hemicelluloses |
comprise |
variety of different chemical configurations |
|
| iron deficiency affecting the cell wall |
gives little information as to which component of the cell wall is affected |
specific cell wall component affected |
Poncirus trifoliata |
| newly-formed walls of early pro-embryos |
exhibits low labelling density with |
anti-XG antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| type II walls |
possess lower abundance of |
pectin polysaccharides |
|
| newly-formed walls of meristematic cells |
exhibits more abundant gold-labelling with |
JIM7 antibody |
Allium cepa L. |
| inner cells of mature embryos |
exhibits low labelling density with |
JIM5 antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| differentiated wall of mature pollen |
exhibits opposite patterns of distribution of antigens compared to |
newly formed walls of proliferating cells of pollen embryos |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| inner area of mature zygotic embryos |
exhibits very low or no signals with |
anti-XG antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| xyloglucans |
are |
principal group of hemicelluloses in primary cell walls |
|
| rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) |
was identified in |
cell wall |
Penium margaritaceum |
| elongating cells |
exhibits weak fluorescence signal with |
JIM7 antibody |
Allium cepa L. |
| mature bicellular pollen stage |
exhibits higher immunogold labelling densities with |
anti-RGII antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| inner cells of mature embryos |
exhibits low labelling density with |
anti-XG antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| inner cells of mature embryos |
exhibits low labelling density with |
anti-RGII antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| proliferating cells of early pro-embryos |
exhibits high labelling density with JIM7 of |
192.03 particles μm −2 |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| PEG treatment |
reduces |
total cell-wall pectin content |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
| inner area of mature zygotic embryos |
exhibits very low or no signals with |
JIM5 antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| galactan epitope (LM5) |
reveals that galactan is mostly found in |
region close to plasma membrane |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| mature pollen stage |
exhibits high labelling density with anti-XG of |
129.01 particles μm −2 |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| (ATTOP6B, BIN3, HLQ, HYP6, RHL3, TOP6B, AT3G20780) mutant walls |
contained significantly less |
cellulosic glucose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| differentiating cells of mature embryos |
exhibits higher labelling density with anti-RGII of |
479.93 particles μm −2 |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| JIM7 labelling in apertures of vacuolated microspore |
is |
more intense |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| anti-pectin antibody CCRC-M22 and anti-xyloglucan antibody CCRC-M1 |
uniformly labeled |
walls and intercellular junctions of wild-type root tip cells |
|
| Calcofluor |
binds to |
various β-D-glucans including cellulose, xyloglucan, callose, and chitin |
|
| early pro-embryos |
exhibits no signal with |
JIM5 antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| mature zygotic embryos |
exhibits signal with JIM7 antibody mostly in |
inner cells |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| distribution pattern of four cell wall antigens |
is the same for |
proliferating cells |
|
| rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) |
is homogenously distributed in |
straight walls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary cell wall |
is largely composed of |
pectins |
|
| vacuolated microspore |
exhibits very low amount of gold particles with |
anti-XG antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| plant cell walls |
comprise |
pectin |
|
| meristematic area |
exhibits weak fluorescence signal with |
anti-XG antibody |
Allium cepa L. |
| glycine-rich protein |
is linked to |
aromatic residues of lignin polymers |
|
| CCRC-M22 and CCRC-M1 labeling in ultrastructurally abnormal intercellular junctions of (ATBRK1, BRK1, HSPC300, AT2G22640) mutant root tips |
was observed at the periphery but largely absent from |
abnormal, internal areas of abnormal intercellular junctions |
|
| type II walls |
contain |
glucuronoarabinoxylans |
|
| root meristematic cells |
exhibits weak signal with |
anti-XG antibody |
Allium cepa L. |
| newly-formed walls of meristematic cells |
exhibits scarce gold labelling with |
anti-RGII antibody |
Allium cepa L. |
| JIM7 labelling in more developed walls of differentiating root cells |
is |
lower in these walls |
Allium cepa L. |
| mature pollen stage |
exhibits positive signals with different intensities in inner pollen wall with |
anti-XG antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| early zygotic embryos |
exhibits no signal with |
anti-RGII antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| XG |
shows different labelling intensity levels in |
different cell types |
|
| arabinoxylan (AX) in storage endosperm |
only appears in |
middle lamella and junction zones |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| pectin and hemicelluloses |
would also be present in |
NW cell wall |
|
| hemicelluloses |
include |
mannans |
|
| root meristematic cells |
exhibits strong signal with |
JIM7 antibody |
Allium cepa L. |
| mature pollen stage |
exhibits high labelling density with anti-RGII of |
268.07 particles μm −2 |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| inner proliferating cells of mature embryos |
exhibits very weak to no signal in walls with |
JIM5 antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| type II walls |
contain |
β1,3:1,4 mixed linkage glucan |
|
| 28C control conditions |
shows |
indistinct RR labelling in primary cell wall |
Glycine max |
| JIM7 antibody signal in vacuolated microspore stage |
localizes mainly to |
aperture regions of the microspore wall |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| more developed walls of differentiating root cells |
exhibits gold particles with |
JIM7 antibody |
Allium cepa L. |
| RGII labelling in more developed walls of differentiating root cells |
appears |
more intense |
Allium cepa L. |
| cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) |
formed random networks in |
apical and subapical regions of control tubes |
Torenia fournieri |
| cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) |
were parallel to each other and presented predominant orientation about 45° to |
longitudinal axis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-treated tubes in the subapical region |
Torenia fournieri |
| aluminium |
has no effect on |
quantity of pectin |
Triticum aestivum; Cucurbita pepo |
| mannan epitope |
is less abundant in |
aleurone cell walls than storage endosperm cell walls |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| inner wall |
contains higher portion of |
arabinoxylans |
Triticum aestivum |
| tip-growing cells |
have walls low in |
cellulose |
|
| early zygotic embryos |
exhibits no signal with |
JIM5 antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| cellulose labelling |
is distributed throughout |
walls, except in middle lamella and cell junction zones |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) in Penium |
has lower relative abundance than |
RG-I in land plants |
Penium |
| (ATCESA3, ATH-B, CESA3, CEV1, ELI1, IXR1, MRE1, AT5G05170) je5 allele |
has less |
cellulose content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| outer wall |
is richer in |
β-glucans |
Triticum aestivum |
| aluminium |
has no effect on |
quantity of cellulose |
Triticum aestivum; Cucurbita pepo |
| swollen G-layer |
would have total amount of cellulose not so different compared to |
thin G-layer |
|
| thaxtomin A |
leads to |
major changes in cell wall composition towards the production of pectins and hemicelluloses |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| matrix polysaccharides in cell walls |
show no significant differences in composition between |
wild-type and transgenic plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| few cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) in the apical region of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-treated tubes |
is inexplicable while |
parallel-orientated cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) occur in the subapical region |
Torenia fournieri |
| cellulosic microfibrils |
are embedded in |
highly hydrated polysaccharide matrix |
|
| thaxtomin A treatment |
increases |
pectins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant cell walls |
comprise |
lignin |
|
| thaxtomin A treatment |
stimulates |
hemicellulose synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cell walls |
are composed of |
relatively small number of basic building blocks |
|
| wheat grain endosperm cell wall |
contains |
arabinoxylans (AX) |
Triticum aestivum |
| arabinoxylan |
is |
cell wall component in barley grain |
Hordeum vulgare |
| colloidal gold particles labelling for β-1,3-glucanase |
are observed at periphery of |
osmiophobic region of flexible gateway |
Oryza sativa |
| extensins |
are found in |
plant cell walls |
|
| cellulase labelling |
shows similar labelling results on |
osmiophobic region of sieve-pore gateway |
Oryza sativa |
| cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) prepared from the extracted pollen tube wall |
showed a preferential angle of 45° to |
longitudinal axes in the shank of petunia and lily pollen tubes |
Petunia; Lilium |
| pectins |
account for |
about one-third of all wall macromolecules |
|
| JIM5 antibody |
detects |
non-esterified pectins |
Allium cepa L. |
| mature pollen stage |
exhibits positive signals with different intensities in inner pollen wall with |
JIM5 antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| more developed walls of outer cells of mature embryos |
exhibits stronger signal with |
anti-XG antibody |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| proliferating cells of early pro-embryos |
exhibits significantly lower labelling density with anti-RGII of |
137.70 particles μm −2 |
Capsicum annuum L. |
| plant cell walls |
comprise |
proteins |
|
| primary cell wall |
is largely composed of |
structural proteins |
|
| differentiating cells |
show |
high levels of XG and RGII |
|
| plant cell wall |
contains |
hemicellulose and pectin matrix |
|
| Zmccr1 cell walls |
released similar amounts of |
ferulic and diferulic acids |
Zea mays |
| cell wall |
is composed of |
structural and regulatory proteins |
|
| LM1 epitope |
is associated well to |
cell wall in cv. Sevin |
Triticum aestivum |
| aleurone cell walls of wheat |
are composed primarily of |
β-glucans and arabinoxylans |
Triticum aestivum |
| esterified pectin |
was demonstrated to be present in |
both the apex and the shank of the pollen tube |
Ornithogalum virens |
| primary cell wall |
contains |
structural proteins |
|
| removal of OPM1 and OPM2 through gene editing |
essentially eliminated |
HG epitopes in barley ovule |
Hordeum vulgare |
| WGA staining |
showed reduction in signal for |
Δ row2 mutant |
Ustilago maydis |
| Δ (ATBARD1, BARD1, ROW1, AT1G04020) mutant |
showed stronger CFW signal than |
WT |
Ustilago maydis |
| (ATTOP6B, BIN3, HLQ, HYP6, RHL3, TOP6B, AT3G20780) mutant cell walls |
is |
deficient in cellulose or hemicelluloses, or both, and has elevated levels of pectins, lignins, and cell wall proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATTOP6B, BIN3, HLQ, HYP6, RHL3, TOP6B, AT3G20780) mutant cell walls |
contained significantly more abundant components of |
pectic arabinogalactans, in particular arabinose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cell wall of root hairs in 35S::AtPRPL1-10 overexpression line |
shows significantly changed absorption in |
wavenumber region 1141-1070 cm⁻¹ |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| colloidal gold particles labelling for β-1,3-glucanase |
are absent on |
normal fibrillar cell wall |
Oryza sativa |
| rhm1-1 and rhm1-2 roots |
show |
decreased labeling with antibody that recognizes RG-I galactan side chains |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| G-layer |
is known to be composed of |
xyloglucan |
|
| (ATPME3, OZS2, PME3, AT3G14310) mutant |
does not show changes in |
overall pectin methylesterification status |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATTOP6B, BIN3, HLQ, HYP6, RHL3, TOP6B, AT3G20780) and wild-type cell walls |
showed |
deficiency of cellulose or hemicelluloses and increased abundance of pectins in (ATTOP6B, BIN3, HLQ, HYP6, RHL3, TOP6B, AT3G20780) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary cell wall in pollen tube tip |
is mainly composed of |
pectin |
|
| plants growing at pH 4.5 |
have different cell wall composition from |
plants growing at pH 5.8 |
|
| functional megaspore (FM) |
has |
callose-poor cell wall |
Hieracium |
| tissue-specific expression atlas of all PME genes |
identified candidates potentially responsible for |
difference in composition between inner and outer nucellus |
Hordeum vulgare |
| labelling for β-1,3-glucanase |
is not found on |
plasmodesmata or well-formed sieve-pore gateway |
Oryza sativa |
| normal cell wall |
has large amount of specific gold labelling for |
cellulose |
Oryza sativa |
| cell wall of root hairs in Atprpl1-1 mutant |
contains significantly altered composition in |
wavenumber region 1384-1307 cm⁻¹ and 1446-1415 cm⁻¹ |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| open pore gateway |
has large amounts of gold particles precisely located on |
margin of pore |
Oryza sativa |
| des5 mutant aleurone cell walls |
consist of |
middle lamella and primary cell wall |
Hordeum vulgare |
| cellulose molecules |
are |
possible source of chirality |
|
| highly demethylesterified pectin |
preferentially accumulates in |
indentation region |
|
| primary cell wall in dicot plants |
is composed of |
pectin |
|
| Oryza sativa |
contains |
relatively low XyG content in cell walls |
Oryza sativa |
| altered structure of pectin caused by decreased levels of rhamnose-containing cell wall component such as RG-I |
creates or reveals |
chirality of pectic polysaccharides |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| repp3 mutant |
shows |
cellulose deficiency |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| specific pattern of pectins |
contrasted with |
more uniform signal observed with antibodies against other cell wall components |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein transcript |
is downregulated in |
TR185 mutant |
|
| green autofluorescence |
is characteristic of |
cell walls |
|
| aluminium |
increases |
abundance of hemicellulose |
Triticum aestivum; Cucurbita pepo |
| glucuronoxylans (GAXs) |
occur in |
primary walls |
commelinid monocotyledon families |
| LM2 antibody |
recognizes |
arabinogalactan-proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Xyl |
constitutes more than 50% of |
total cell wall sugars |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mature leaf cells |
have weak labeling of |
mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| G-layer insoluble residue |
contains only |
4-linked glucose |
Populus trichocarpa |
| gaut6-1 silique tissue |
is increased in |
fucose (Fuc) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut13-1 |
has reduced |
arabinose (Ara) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (GAUT13, AT3G01040) and (GAUT14, AT5G15470) |
would suggest that Xyl containing polysaccharide reduced in mutants is |
xylan |
|
| indirect immunogold labeling |
failed to identify |
more central locations in the cytoplasm |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pit membranes |
consist of |
primary cell wall material |
|
| rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) |
is |
cell wall component |
Penium margaritaceum |
| pectin epitopes detected by LM5, LM6, LM19, and LM20 antibodies, and glycoprotein epitopes detected by LM1, LM2, and LM14 |
were found in |
most ovule cell types |
Hieracium praealtum |
| JIM7 antibody in wild-type pollen tubes |
labeled |
a restricted section at the tip region |
Oryza sativa |
| gaut3-1 |
shows increased |
glucose (Glc) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan |
is thought to have |
much narrower distribution in other angiosperms |
|
| (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan |
is resistant to |
enzyme digestion due to heavily lignified cell walls |
|
| cesa T-DNA mutants |
have higher levels of |
minor sugars Rha, Ara, and Gal |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut14-1 |
has increased |
galactose (Gal) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut10-2 |
shows decreased |
glucose (Glc) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| eight gaut mutants |
result in |
distinguishable patterns of glycosyl residue composition changes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary cell walls in Poaceae |
possess |
unique features including low pectin content, high arabinoxylan content, and high non-lignin phenolic content |
Poaceae |
| ρ-coumaric acid |
is |
common constituent in cell walls of several plant families |
|
| plant cell wall |
contains |
cellulose microfibrils |
|
| guard cell walls |
show clear differences in composition compared to |
epidermal cell walls and mesophyll cell walls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PMEI5oe plants |
have |
increased pectin DM |
|
| (LRX8, AT3G19020) (LRX9, AT1G49490) (LRX11, AT4G33970) mutant |
showed increased amount of |
rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) in subapical walls of pollen tubes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| antisense expression-mediated decrease in PME activity |
results in |
changed ion content of cell walls |
Solanum tuberosum |
| G-layer |
contains |
T-fucose |
Populus trichocarpa |
| gaut14-2 |
has increased |
galactose (Gal) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| arabinose |
is the most abundant monosaccharide in |
embryos from mature seeds |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary wall |
contains |
hemicelluloses |
dicotyledonous plants |
| oomycete cell walls |
primarily consist of |
β-glucan(s) |
|
| (TBL10, AT3G06080) mutants |
show no significant difference in |
monosaccharide composition of cell wall polysaccharides in leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant cell wall |
is |
complex biological material that makes up a substantial proportion of plant biomass |
|
| guard cells of Commelina communis |
are rich in |
pectin |
Commelina communis |
| cellulose |
is |
common component of plant cell walls |
|
| CESA Asp mutants with good cellulose complementation |
have noncellulosic sugar composition more closely matching |
wild-type composition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| whole seedlings |
contain |
approximately 1% (w/w) mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| epidermis |
may have higher abundance of |
overall XyG |
|
| Gal containing wall component |
is increased in |
walls of (GAUT13, AT3G01040) and (GAUT14, AT5G15470) |
|
| arabinogalactan protein |
has been shown to be covalently linked to |
arabinoxylan polysaccharide |
|
| ferulate (FA) |
occurs bound to |
cell walls of Poaceae |
Poaceae |
| (LRX8, AT3G19020) (LRX9, AT1G49490) (LRX11, AT4G33970) mutant |
showed decreased amount of |
fucosylated xyloglucans |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPTS, PANC, PTS, AT5G48840) treated with xyloglucanase |
showed |
labeling of cell wall epitopes still lower in lrx mutants than wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BdXTH8 |
is not important for |
MLG as a storage compound in endosperm cell walls |
Brachypodium distachyon |
| gaut13-1 |
has increased |
galactose (Gal) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gaut13-1 |
has reduced |
rhamnose (Rha) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wood from transgenic Populus modified in their degree of pectin methylesterification |
exhibits differences in |
polysaccharide composition |
Populus |
| high auxin |
correlates with |
methylesterified homogalacturonan (HG) |
|
| heteromannan |
dramatically increasing such as |
5-fold increase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pectic arabinan and galactan |
have high mobility in |
cell wall |
|
| slight increases in 4-GalA abundance |
consistent with |
increased levels of HG |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PMEI5, AT2G31430) overexpression line (PMEI5oe) |
has |
increased pectin degree of methylesterification (DM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary cell wall in dicot plants |
is composed of |
hemicellulose |
|
| homogalacturonan (HG) |
shows marked increase in |
shoot apical meristem (SAM) compared to flowers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATRHM1, RHM1, ROL1, AT1G78570) petal cell walls |
have |
specific galactose linkages |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary cell wall in dicot plants |
is composed of |
cellulose |
|
| Penium |
has |
similar suite of wall polymers to embryophytes |
Penium |
| rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) |
shows 3-fold reduction in |
shoot apical meristem (SAM) and young floral tissue compared to leaf |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cellulose |
is |
major polysaccharide in meristem tissues |
|
| primary walls of Arabidopsis hypocotyl cells |
are composed of |
cellulose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| JIM11, JIM12, JIM19 and JIM20 |
bind very strongly to |
endodermis and inter-fascicular fibre (IFF) cell walls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant cell wall |
contains |
cellulose microfibrils |
|
| variation between WT and CoAOS1/2 cell walls |
corresponded to changes at IR band intensities 1155, 1084, 1024 and 1004 cm-1 |
pectin composition |
Solanum tuberosum |
| pectins containing RG-II domains in Rosa cells |
were firmly linked in |
cell wall |
Rosa |
| Phytophthora palmivora |
does not produce detectable |
WGA (wheat-germ agglutinin)-detectable GlcNAc-mers during plant infection |
Phytophthora palmivora |
| Phytophthora palmivora |
cell wall composition details are |
not available |
Phytophthora palmivora |
| cellulosic and hemicellulosic sugars |
were both mildly augmented in |
OsC3′H1 -KD cell walls |
Oryza sativa |
| wall-bound FAs |
were substantially depleted in |
OsC3′H1 -KD cell walls |
Oryza sativa |
| cellulose microfibrils and hemicellulose network |
are embedded in |
pectin matrix containing structural proteins |
|
| cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) |
seemed to be random at |
tip of the pollen tube in petunia |
Petunia |
| cellulose |
is found at reduced level in |
SAM (shoot apical meristem) |
|
| xyloglucan (XG) |
is present throughout |
apical regions of the SAM |
|
| JIM11 signal |
appears almost exclusively within |
endodermis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| oomycete cell walls |
were considered to be primarily made of |
cellulose |
|
| hydroxylated C22, C24 and C26 fatty acids |
are present in |
zygospore walls of Chlamydomonas monoica |
Chlamydomonas monoica |
| dofQ seedlings |
show slightly higher degree of methylesterification (DM) for |
pectins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary cell walls of dicots and non-commelinoid monocots |
consist of |
cellulose |
|
| arabinan |
decreasing including |
2-fold decrease |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cellulose |
is |
main structural component of primary cell walls |
|
| (ATRHM1, RHM1, ROL1, AT1G78570) mutants |
showed |
slight increases in 4-GalA abundance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| primary walls of Arabidopsis hypocotyl cells |
are composed of |
hemicellulose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| principal component analysis (PCA) |
can be used to detect |
differences in cell wall structure between two sample types |
Populus tremula |
| principal component analysis (PCA) |
can be used to interpret |
differences in cell wall structure between two sample types |
Populus tremula |
| Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) wall preparations |
contain approximately |
~20% xyloglucan |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transgenic plants |
contained |
less xyloglucan bound to cellulose microfibrils |
|
| xyloglucans |
are present in |
Arabidopsis stems |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| arabinans |
are abundant in |
cell walls of Arabidopsis embryos |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| water-extracted fraction |
contains |
xyloglucan |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| G-layer presence in tension wood |
results in corresponding decrease in |
xylan |
Populus tremula |
| unassigned peaks elevated in tension wood |
co-vary with |
cellulose |
Populus tremula |
| monocotyledon walls |
have variation in |
proportions and structures of other non-cellulosic polysaccharides |
|
| xylose proportion unchanged in ccc |
does not support |
major modification in xyloglucan |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| meristematic cell walls |
composed of |
cellulose, pectin, and non-cellulosic polysaccharides |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Casparian strip |
can attain functional hydrophobicity containing only |
lignin |
|