| Mediterranean species |
had less |
stem starch content |
|
| 2020 |
showed highest average WSC at maturity in |
|
|
| Halodule uninervis leaves harvested at T1–T4 under 'Combined' treatment |
were correlated with |
myo-inositol (polyol) |
Halodule uninervis |
| LofTAD mutant flowers |
retained |
starch |
|
| Tre6P-Suc ratio in the induced TPS29.2 plants |
continued to rise up to |
6 h after induction |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dtn1-2 mutant |
exhibits significantly reduced |
sucrose content |
Oryza sativa |
| DEGs overlapping with CHH-DMRs |
demonstrated additional connections to |
protein turnover, carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism, self-incompatibility system and regulation of gene expression |
Fragaria vesca |
| glyoxylate cycle |
is |
an important source of the four-carbon compound succinate, which can enter the gluconeogenesis pathway |
Oryza sativa |
| starch accumulation in eob2-3 LofTAD nectary and limb |
indicated that |
carbohydrate breakdown was reduced |
Petunia axillaris |
| small plants |
differ from large plants in |
carbohydrate dynamics |
|
| ethanol treatment |
led to a significant increase in |
(GLC, AT1G65450) (glucose) in wild-type and AlcR plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATBHLH029, ATBHLH29, ATFIT1, BHLH029, FIT, FIT1, FRU, AT2G28160) (fructose) |
was also 25% to 46% lower in |
the induced plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATBHLH029, ATBHLH29, ATFIT1, BHLH029, FIT, FIT1, FRU, AT2G28160) (fructose) |
was not significantly affected in |
the induced plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation |
decreases relative abundance of |
(AT-GT2, GT2, AT1G76890) gene |
|
| Cleistogenes squarrosa |
always has significantly higher |
leaf nonstructural carbohydrate concentration |
Leymus chinensis; Cleistogenes squarrosa |
| Chlorella subellipsoidea |
has |
239 GH genes |
Chlorella subellipsoidea |
| starch-Suc ratio at the ED |
was 22% to 72% higher in |
the two TPS lines |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| stachyose |
increased sharply from |
32 days after pollination onward |
Medicago truncatula |
| plastidial (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) maltose transporter |
is involved in |
export of maltose outside the plastid after starch degradation |
|
| maintenance of sugar levels under combination of low light and heat |
may have been a result of |
higher enzymatic activities, stimulating production of carbohydrates |
Posidonia australis |
| Klebsormidium |
has |
114 genes in 34 GH families |
Klebsormidium |
| in both time-course experiments the noninduced control plants |
showed fairly similar behavior |
in both time-course experiments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| relative abundance of the 'central carbohydrate metabolism' module |
decline with |
increasing C : N ratio |
|
| Suc6P (sucrose-6-phosphate) |
was significantly lower in |
induced TPS29.2 plants at 4 h after induction |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Glc6P (glucose-6-phosphate), Fru6P (fructose-6-phosphate), and Suc6P (sucrose-6-phosphate) |
were all lower in |
the induced plants compared with the noninduced controls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| small increase in 1,3;1,4-β-D-glucan in transgenic lines |
could be due to |
accumulation of UDP-Glc in the Golgi lumen caused by decreased use of substrates for xylan synthesis |
Triticum aestivum |
| use of reserves |
has been detected for |
Quercus petraea at a temperate forest in Fontainebleau-Barbeau |
Quercus petraea |
| early archaeplastidians |
likely had |
c. 20–30 GH genes |
|
| leaf photosynthesis |
is associated with |
nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) |
|
| phosphoglucomutases (ATPGMP, PGM, PGM1, STF1, AT5G51820) /2/3 |
are involved in |
starch/sucrose/cell wall synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mannitol, trehalose, and glycogen |
are the predominant labeled carbohydrates in |
symbiotic fungal tissues |
|
| (ATBHLH029, ATBHLH29, ATFIT1, BHLH029, FIT, FIT1, FRU, AT2G28160) (fructose) in TPS31.3 |
showed no change |
(ATBHLH029, ATBHLH29, ATFIT1, BHLH029, FIT, FIT1, FRU, AT2G28160) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| starch in the seed |
is later degraded |
starch degradation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phosphorus addition |
initially increases then decreases |
root nonstructural carbohydrate concentration |
Leymus chinensis; Cleistogenes squarrosa |
| separation of Posidonia australis samples along dimension 1 |
was correlated with |
hexonic acid (sugar acid) |
Posidonia australis |
| short-chain chitooligosaccharides (CO) |
can be produced through |
chitin hydrolysis |
|
| 90% treatment |
had no significant differences in |
sugar concentrations |
Pinus edulis |
| The sugars produced by starch degradation |
are used for |
maintenance respiration and growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Such differences in (GLC, AT1G65450) and (ATBHLH029, ATBHLH29, ATFIT1, BHLH029, FIT, FIT1, FRU, AT2G28160) levels |
were not observed in the levels of |
Suc or Glc-6P |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| α-glycosidases |
can be found in |
13 additional GH families |
|
| cluster 6 metabolites |
are characterized by |
low abundance levels in DP but much higher levels in IDL |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PYC (pyruvate carboxylase) |
participates in |
gluconeogenesis and pyruvate metabolism |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| reducing monosaccharide sugar catabolism in leaves and/or mobilising soluble sugars from storage in rhizome |
could be |
adaptive mechanism in Halophila uninervis |
Halophila uninervis |
| CAZymes |
were significantly regulated by |
LmPf2 and KMT1 |
Leptosphaeria maculans |
| dtn1-2 mutant |
exhibits significantly reduced sugar contents in |
tiller buds |
Oryza sativa |
| starch |
accumulates early during |
seed development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| threshold concentration of Suc (sucrose) |
is required for |
fructan production |
Hordeum vulgare |
| 26 GO terms significantly enriched among overlapping genes in elongation zone |
include two terms associated with |
carbohydrate metabolic processes |
Hordeum vulgare |
| inhibition of photorespiration |
leads to increase in |
sugar and starch concentrations |
|
| sugar acid glycerate |
significantly declined in |
Halodule uninervis leaves under combination of low light with heat |
Halodule uninervis |
| polyol myo-inositol |
was significantly higher in |
Halodule uninervis leaves kept under 'Shade' and 'Combined' treatments |
Halodule uninervis |
| several soluble carbohydrates (d-fructose 1, d-fructose 2, d-glucose 1, d-glucose 2, d-trehalose) |
were significantly lower in |
Shade leaves relative to Control, Heat and Combined treatments at T4 |
Posidonia australis |
| starch stored at early stages |
is mobilized later to support |
respiration, growth, and maturation |
Petunia axillaris |
| dtn1 mutant |
showed reduction in |
other sugars in axillary buds |
|
| (AtGATL5, GATL5, AT1G02720) |
belongs to |
Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes family GT8 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fructan synthesis |
requires |
Suc (sucrose) as a substrate |
Hordeum vulgare |
| dtn1-3 mutant |
exhibits significantly reduced |
sucrose content |
Oryza sativa |
| Sma3 analysis |
predicted putative involvement of Row1 in |
polysaccharide catabolic processes |
|
| presence of R. irregularis |
weakened |
saprophytic ability of soil microbiome |
Medicago; Rhizophagus irregularis |
| relative abundance of metabolic pathway in carbohydrate digestion and absorption |
was significantly increased by |
presence of R. irregularis when phytate is added |
Medicago; Rhizophagus irregularis |
| P addition |
impacts |
nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations ([NSC]) |
|
| (ATBHLH029, ATBHLH29, ATFIT1, BHLH029, FIT, FIT1, FRU, AT2G28160) (fructose) in wild-type, AlcR, and TPS29.2 plants |
fell slightly |
(ATBHLH029, ATBHLH29, ATFIT1, BHLH029, FIT, FIT1, FRU, AT2G28160) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sugars (d-fructose 1 and 2, d-glucose 1 and 2) |
were not significantly lower under |
'Combined' treatment relative to 'Control' Posidonia australis leaves |
Posidonia australis |
| GH152 proteins |
are found in |
some green algae |
|
| (ATBHLH029, ATBHLH29, ATFIT1, BHLH029, FIT, FIT1, FRU, AT2G28160) (fructose) |
was significantly lower in |
induced TPS29.2 plants at 2 h after induction |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rNAD-ME1 leaves |
accumulated |
starch |
Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi |
| combination of GC-ToF-MS data and pronounced up-regulation of (AtSIP2, RS2, SIP2, AT3G57520) |
led to hypothesis that |
in IDL, imported raffinose could play a dual role of delivering reduced carbon and acting as stress tolerance mechanism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PKP-ALPHA, PKP1, AT3G22960) (PLASTIDIAL PYRUVATE KINASE 1) |
is |
chloroplast phosphoprotein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Populus trichocarpa |
contains |
1,603 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) |
Populus trichocarpa |
| Spirogloea |
has |
212 genes in 30 GH families |
Spirogloea |
| use of reserves in early growing season |
is one of |
postphotosynthetic processes |
|
| sulfide treatment |
increases |
sugar content |
|
| sucrose |
is the main labeled carbohydrate in |
root cells |
|
| sugar starvation |
would suggest |
sugar starvation was more severe in R. amphibia than in R. sylvestris |
Rorippa amphibia; Rorippa sylvestris |
| glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), trehalose, and sucrose (Suc) |
were significantly higher in cold-treated plants and significantly lower in dehydration-treated plants compared with untreated plants |
cold-treated and dehydration-treated plants |
Oryza sativa |
| phytate addition treatment |
has largest total relative abundance of |
carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) genes |
|
| carbohydrate metabolism |
shows significant functional enrichment for |
in genome scans |
Picea rubens |
| Posidonia australis leaves collected after 3-wk exposure to +1.5°C under light deprivation (T2) |
were correlated with |
polyol glycerol |
Posidonia australis |
| structural diversity of carbohydrates |
is evident in |
diverse range of enzymes that act on carbohydrates, collectively known as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) |
|
| NSC concentrations |
have |
strong externally driven seasonal dynamics |
Betula pendula |
| induction of fructan remobilization in vacuole |
results in |
accumulation of sucrose, glucose, and fructose in cytosol |
Hordeum vulgare |
| Posidonia australis leaves harvested before treatment start (T0) and after 9 d of future warming temperature (+1.5°C) under low light (T1) |
were correlated with |
sugars (sucrose, d-trehalose, l-rhamnose) |
Posidonia australis |
| induced overexpression of TPS |
caused only small changes in |
hexose sugars |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 'other carbohydrate metabolism' functional module |
is linked to |
many vital processes, such as glycogen biosynthesis and degradation, ascorbate, d-galacturonate, galactose, and pectin degradation |
|
| 90% plot |
had no clear treatment effect on starch after |
1 yr |
Pinus edulis |
| NSC components |
have |
sufficiently high concentrations and temporal variations during growing season |
Betula pendula |
| lower ethanol production in (SUB1, AT4G08810) rice |
is possibly mediated by |
lower induction of Suc synthases and amylases and other unknown factors |
Oryza sativa |
| raffinose |
increased transiently from |
24 to 36 days after pollination |
Medicago truncatula |
| sugar alcohol myo-inositol |
significantly increased in |
Posidonia australis leaves exposed to 'Combined' treatment |
Posidonia australis |
| glycosyl transferases (GTs) and glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) |
are responsible for |
synthesis and selective cleavage of a wide range of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates with various functions |
|
| dtn1-3 mutant |
exhibits significantly reduced sugar contents in |
tiller buds |
Oryza sativa |
| glycosyl hydrolases |
are |
enzymes involved in degradation of complex carbohydrates |
|
| senescence-related decrease in leaf source capacity |
shown by |
remobilization of long-term storage pools (fructans) |
Hordeum vulgare |
| AM fungi |
have fewer genes encoding |
carbohydrate-degrading enzymes |
|
| relative abundance of genes involved in the 'central carbohydrate metabolism' module |
increase with |
bacterial diversity |
|
| use of reserves |
has not been detected for |
Larix gmelinii Rupr. in the permafrost zone of Central Siberia |
Larix gmelinii Rupr. |
| control plot |
had total sapwood NSC of |
3.5 ± 0.7 mg |
Pinus edulis |
| phosphorus addition |
decreases significantly |
leaf nonstructural carbohydrate concentration |
Leymus chinensis; Cleistogenes squarrosa |
| uncorrelation between capacities and fluxes of GR and (DHAR, AT1G19550) enzymes |
has also been reported for |
central sugar metabolism |
|
| biosynthesis of hemolytic activity (HA) |
may interfere with |
metabolism of five-carbon sugar (Ru5P) |
Phaeocystis globosa |
| Chlorella variabilis |
has |
26 GH families |
Chlorella variabilis |
| maltose |
is metabolized further to provide substrates for |
Suc (sucrose) synthesis and respiration |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| accumulation of soluble sugars in plants under elevated CO2 |
has been well described |
|
|
| MDH1 (malate dehydrogenase 1) |
participates in |
gluconeogenesis and pyruvate metabolism |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| percentage of water-soluble carbohydrates |
increased with |
nocturnal heating |
|
| TCA cycle and glycolytic process GO-terms |
were significantly co-enriched in |
four conditions |
Petunia axillaris |
| manipulating carotenoid levels |
has unintended effects on |
carbohydrate metabolism |
|
| Glycosyl Hydrolase31 (GH31) family |
contains |
important α-glycosidases |
|
| Posidonia australis leaves sampled before the onset of low light (T0) |
were correlated with |
sugars (glucose 1, glucose 2, d-trehalose, sucrose, glucopyranose) |
Posidonia australis |
| beta-1,3-glucanase activity of fungal GH152 |
is compatible with |
finding that some plant GH152 proteins can bind callose |
|
| (PAT24, TIP1, AT5G20350) ;1 AQP |
is linked to |
sugar metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| all plants |
had very low levels of |
starch at end of dark period |
Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi |
| (ATXYL1, AXY3, GH31, TRG1, XYL1, AT1G68560) family members |
retain |
α-glycosidases that retain stereocenter of C1 atom |
|
| increased ATP/ADP ratio |
leads to |
overaccumulation of transitory starch |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| imported raffinose in individually darkened leaves (IDL) |
could play a dual role of |
delivering reduced carbon to the darkened leaf |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| starch-degradation pathway |
supports |
malate for other organelles in unstressed cells |
Hordeum vulgare |
| saprophytic ability of hyphosphere soil microbiome |
was evaluated by |
CAZymes-encoding genes |
Medicago; Rhizophagus irregularis |
| Halodule uninervis leaf samples harvested at T0 under 'Combined' treatment |
were associated with |
sugar acids (gluconic acid, l-threonic acid) |
Halodule uninervis |
| plant cells |
have |
carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), including glycosyl transferases (GTs) and glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) |
|
| green algae |
display higher |
GH variability |
|
| dtn1-2 mutant |
exhibits significantly reduced |
maltose content |
Oryza sativa |
| starch-Suc ratio at the ED |
was unaffected in |
AlcR plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Fru6P (fructose-6-phosphate) |
only decreased toward |
the EN |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glucose uptake across the tonoplast |
promotes |
carbohydrate accumulation in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 138 α-glycosidases for Arabidopsis |
are subdivided into |
14 families based on sequence homology |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| α-configured cyclophellitol aziridine probes |
are validated for |
retaining α-glycosidases in plants |
|
| starch levels in young leaves at midday |
are generally low and do not respond to |
Pi supply |
Hypoxis prostrata |
| oxidative pentose phosphate pathway |
has been translocated out of |
plastids in diatoms |
|
| reduced rates of sucrose synthesis |
will result in |
accumulation of phosphorylated intermediates |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| myoinositol |
relates to |
malate |
Solanum lycopersicum; Prunus persica; Capsicum annuum; Fragaria x ananassa |
| monosaccharides fructose and glucose |
increase during |
dark treatment |
Haberlea rhodopensis |
| The Ler/ (ATKAS2, FAB1, KAS2, AT1G74960) NIL |
exhibited higher |
apoplastic invertase activity than Ler, (ATKAS2, FAB1, KAS2, AT1G74960) or sulki1 |
|
| yeast |
accumulates |
trehalose |
|
| inverting enzymes |
invert |
stereocenter of C1 atom in substrate |
|
| dehydration-treated plants |
contained significantly lower levels of |
glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) |
Oryza sativa |
| AKT |
regulates |
glucose (Glc) homeostasis |
|
| PD1a seedlings |
have significantly higher |
soluble sugar content than (cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| α-galactosidases |
are |
α-glycosidases |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| α-mannosidases |
are |
α-glycosidases |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| darkness |
decreases |
starch content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Cluster 3 (20 genes) |
comprised |
a trehalose 6-phosphate synthase and two zinc finger genes |
|
| Myoinositol in Haberlea rhodopensis leaves |
increases in abundance |
in darkness |
Haberlea rhodopensis |
| CAZy genes |
have transcriptional associations with |
CAZy genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 2-oxoglutarate |
can be produced from |
sugar respiration |
|
| fructose released by Sucrose Synthase (Sus) reaction |
may be converted to |
glucose |
|
| starch breakdown in guard cells response to red light |
was not detected in |
previous report |
|
| frameshift mutations affecting HvCslF3 and HvCslH1 |
did not significantly alter |
grain monosaccharide abundance |
Hordeum vulgare |
| phosphoglycerate gene PILA_30234 |
is involved in |
carbohydrate metabolism |
|
| overexpression of DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING2A (ZmDREB2A) |
increases expression of |
RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (ZmRAFS) |
Zea mays |
| genes encoding enzymes involved in nucleotide-sugar interconversion, Suc, starch, and cell wall polysaccharide metabolism |
were examined in |
laser-captured cell types |
Hieracium praealtum |
| 31 nucleotide-sugar interconverting enzymes |
were expressed in |
different cell types |
Hieracium praealtum |
| Xylose (Xyl) in Haberlea rhodopensis leaves |
increases |
as a result of dark treatment |
Haberlea rhodopensis |
| β-myrosinases |
are |
β-glycosidases |
|
| sugar or starch-related genes |
are less highly expressed than |
FA synthesis-related genes and OPPP-related genes |
|
| sugar status of shoot |
is another important variable |
that may differ between decapitated plants and isolated segments |
Pisum sativum |
| increased transcription of Suc synthase, UDP-Glc 4-epimerase, and starch synthases |
is likely to be important to support |
starch biosynthesis to enable AI cell growth |
Hieracium spp. |
| plant roots |
perform |
reserve storage |
|
| glycosidases |
account for |
1% to 3% of proteins encoded by genomes of most organisms |
|
| α-xylosidases |
are |
α-glycosidases |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phloem-delivered sucrose (Suc) |
is likely source of |
glucose (Glc) |
|
| plastids from green algae and land plants |
possess |
oxidative pentose phosphate pathway |
|
| NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase |
is not found in |
diatom plastids |
|
| Raffinose in Haberlea rhodopensis leaves |
increases |
as a result of dark treatment |
Haberlea rhodopensis |
| fungal glucosidases |
possess |
efficient transglycosylation capacities |
|
| β-glucosidases |
are |
β-glycosidases |
|
| (AKIN10, KIN10, SnRK1, SnRK1α1, SNRK1.1, AT3G01090) kinases |
modulate transcription of |
genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism |
|
| Δ gnd mutant |
showed no differences in glycogen content compared with |
wild type (WT) under photoautotrophic conditions |
Synechocystis |
| glucose, G6P, and fructose levels |
were unchanged in |
35S::amiRTPS1 plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| zmdreb2a-2 mutant embryos |
shows no difference in |
galactinol content |
Zea mays |
| KO00500 'starch and sucrose metabolism' pathway |
14 out of 32 DEGs upregulated in |
Experiment I |
|
| metabolome analyses |
revealed |
levels of monosaccharides were significantly higher in cold- and dehydration-treated rice plants than in untreated plants |
Oryza sativa |
| nutrient starvation |
induces |
starch synthesis |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| β-configured cyclophellitol aziridine probes |
were able to monitor |
activity of dozens of β-glycosidases |
|
| high spermine (Spm) content |
exhibits strong effects on |
sugar metabolism |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| induction of Suc synthase |
suggests that |
up-regulation of the gluconeogenic pathway in darkness may be related to Suc export and/or malate recycling |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (AOX1A, ATAOX1A, AtHSR3, HSR3, AT3G22370) mutants treated with antimycin A |
show no changes in levels of |
raffinose |
|
| imgi2 and gi2 leaves |
have significantly elevated |
starch levels compared to wild-type and im |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| defects in vacuolar sugar transporters |
alter |
carbohydrate partitioning and allocation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cells under long photoperiods and higher light |
are replete with |
sugars |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cellotriose (CT) |
can be released from |
carbohydrate polymers in the rhizosphere |
|
| control Dunaliella bardawil cell |
has hardly any |
starch granule |
Dunaliella bardawil |
| primary transformants |
were screened for changes in |
starch accumulation |
Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi |
| several genes that appeared to be up-regulated in AI cells and EAE sacs |
showed decreased abundance in |
apospory-deficient m115 |
Hieracium praealtum |
| (ATRAPTOR1B, RAPTOR1, RAPTOR1B, AT3G08850) mutation |
leads to accumulation of |
excess starch |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| more carbohydrates consumed in glycolysis in osers1 anthers |
generates energy and provides |
more intermediates for pentose phosphate pathway |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATPK10, CIPK15, PKS3, SIP2, SNRK3.1, AT5G01810) |
was originally thought to be |
raffinose synthase |
|
| Ribose 5-phosphate isomerase-related |
is |
chloroplast phosphoprotein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Suc and (ATBHLH029, ATBHLH29, ATFIT1, BHLH029, FIT, FIT1, FRU, AT2G28160) levels |
followed the same trend as Glc |
but differences between GlgC-TM and wild-type plants were less marked |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sugars ( (ATBHLH029, ATBHLH29, ATFIT1, BHLH029, FIT, FIT1, FRU, AT2G28160) (GLC, AT1G65450) ) |
strongly contribute to |
(APC1, PC1, AT5G17480) |
Solanum lycopersicum; Prunus persica; Capsicum annuum; Fragaria x ananassa |
| five different enzyme families |
were enriched in |
AI cell and EAE sac samples |
Hieracium praealtum |
| three genes encoding (ATSUS4, SUS4, AT3G43190) |
were expressed at |
low levels in WM |
Triticum aestivum |
| microalgae |
accumulates |
starch |
|
| β-galactosidases |
are |
β-glycosidases |
|
| CAZy super-family (AT-GT2, GT2, AT1G76890) |
contains |
Arabidopsis proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mature Hakea prostrata leaves |
showed reduced |
starch accumulation |
Hakea prostrata |
| rPPDK1 leaves |
accumulated |
starch |
Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi |
| representatives of all CAZy families |
are |
present |
Hieracium praealtum |
| (TOR, AT1G50030) |
activates |
starch storage resulting from metabolic responses to increased sugar |
|
| plants |
are equipped with |
α-glycosidases |
|
| activity-based probes for retaining β-glycosidases |
were previously validated for |
retaining β-glycosidases in plants |
|
| pyruvate phosphate dikinase |
is downregulated during |
developmental leaf senescence (DLS) |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (AOX1A, ATAOX1A, AtHSR3, HSR3, AT3G22370) mutants treated with antimycin A |
show no changes in levels of |
galactose |
|
| pectin methyl-esterases (PMEs) |
belongs to |
carbohydrate esterases (CE8) |
|
| photosynthate under Pi deficiency |
is converted into |
starch in chloroplasts |
|
| algae |
produce |
starch |
|
| cell wall invertase activity |
promotes |
Suc degradation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| α-threhalases |
are |
α-glycosidases |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| activity-based probes |
label |
β-glycosidases |
|
| β-configured cyclophellitol aziridine probes |
label |
β-xylosidases |
|
| (ATHSFA2, HSFA2, AT2G26150) |
activates |
(ATIPS2, ATMIPS2, MIPS2, AT2G22240) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glucose (Glc) levels |
cause transcriptional reprogramming of |
sugar metabolism |
|
| unlabeled chloroplastic MEP pathway precursors |
may be generated during |
starch degradation |
|
| second category of strategies |
includes |
increase in enzymatic activities involved in the bypass of glycolysis |
|
| starch |
accumulated and was subsequently hydrolyzed by |
glycolysis |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| P deficiency treatment |
significantly increases |
starch content |
Hordeum vulgare |
| Calvin cycle and oxidative pentose phosphate pathway |
are interconnected in |
plastids |
|
| amidase mutant |
showed decreased levels of |
Suc and Fuc |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| starch |
is hydrolyzed through |
glycolysis to produce pyruvate |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| Glucose (Glc) in Haberlea rhodopensis leaves |
increases |
as a result of dark treatment |
Haberlea rhodopensis |
| sulki1 mutants |
accumulate higher levels of Glc, Fru, and starch than |
L er (ATKAS2, FAB1, KAS2, AT1G74960) NIL |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| α-amylases |
are |
α-glycosidases |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transketolase |
is |
chloroplast phosphoprotein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cold-treated plants |
contained significantly higher levels of |
glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) |
Oryza sativa |
| hexose phosphate levels in GlgC-TM lines |
were higher during the day than in |
wild-type plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcriptional control |
regulates |
sugar metabolism |
|
| phosphoglucomutase (ATPGMP, PGM, PGM1, STF1, AT5G51820) and Glc-6-P isomerases |
act as |
interconverting enzymes of the hexose-phosphate pool |
Hieracium praealtum |
| glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
is not found in |
diatom plastids |
|
| stronger and more compact staining in sub-aleurone layers |
potentially due to |
lower levels of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan |
Hordeum vulgare |
| changes of ratio of respiration and photosynthesis |
results in more accumulation of |
glucose and fructose during field cold acclimation (F-CA) |
|
| P– (AQC1, HPS7, TPST, AT1G08030) seedlings |
accumulate more sucrose than |
P– wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tonoplast-localized SUTs |
have a function in |
regulation of cytosolic sucrose levels |
|
| (ATGRX4, GRX4, GRXS15, AT3G15660) knockdown mutant |
showed decreased contents of |
glyceric acid-3-phosphate, putrescine, glycerol-2-phosphate, 3-deoxy-glucosone, mannitol |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| almost all organisms |
contain |
enzymatic repertoire with the capability to synthesize CT from cellobiose and (GLC, AT1G65450) |
|
| α-configured cyclophellitol aziridine probes |
label |
(GSCIIalpha, PSL5, RSW3, AT5G63840) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| changes in cell wall components |
should be affected by |
fluxes of sugars occurring in protoplast |
|
| GO functional classification analysis |
identified |
N-glycosylated proteins linked to carbohydrate metabolism |
Colletotrichum graminicola |
| glaucophyte |
have |
c. 20–30 GH genes |
|
| Tre6P-Suc ratio in the induced TPS29.2 plants |
was significantly higher than |
Tre6P-Suc ratio in the controls |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| calystegines |
could inhibit |
invertase derived from Calystegia sepium |
Calystegia sepium |
| (FRA8, IRX7, AT2G28110) HOMOLOG (F8H, AT5G22940) |
is member of |
GT47 family |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sugars in Potato |
comprise more than |
other crops |
|
| extra photosynthates |
are stored as |
water-soluble carbohydrates in the stem |
|
| decreased expression of RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (ZmRAFS) |
results in decreased |
raffinose |
Zea mays |
| Most DEGs in glycolysis |
downregulated in |
Experiments II and III |
|
| 15 genes |
were up-regulated in |
AI cells and/or EAE sacs |
Hieracium praealtum |
| high accumulation of sucrose |
occurs in parallel with |
depletion of monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose |
Haberlea rhodopensis |
| Quantification of starch at the end of the day (light) and before dawn (dark) |
indicated |
the lower capacity of Ler/ (ATKAS2, FAB1, KAS2, AT1G74960) NIL to accumulate starch during the day |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| starch granules during N resupply |
decreased in quantity and size |
N resupply |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| chloroplasts of desiccated Physcomitrella formosum and ABA-treated Physcomitrella patens |
are visibly depleted of |
starch deposits |
Physcomitrella formosum; Physcomitrella patens |
| barley leaves infected with B. graminis isolate A6 |
exhibited increased levels of |
intermediates of Suc biosynthesis |
Hordeum vulgare |
| starch |
is accumulated within |
periplastidic compartment |
cryptophytes |
| Fru-S-ME |
is hardly hydrolyzed by |
β-fructofuranosidases |
|
| (DPE2, AT2G40840) knockout lines |
contain |
increased amounts of glucose and fructose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KO00040 'pentose and glucuronate interconversions' pathway |
only two out of 17 DEGs upregulated in |
Experiment II |
|
| CsFAD3-OE |
has significantly higher |
total sugar content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 42 metabolites |
include |
six sugars |
|
| invertase expression |
is regulated by |
hexose pool in plant tissues |
|
| acarbose |
interacts non-covalently with |
invertase |
|
| (IRX14, AT4G36890) |
is member of |
GT43 family |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tonoplast monosaccharide transporter (G-TMT, TMT1, VTE4, AT1G64970) overexpression |
results in |
glucose (Glc) accumulation in vacuoles |
|
| sucrose accumulation |
observed to be associated with |
red light response in guard cells of Vicia faba |
Vicia faba |
| trehalose |
is found in |
bacteria, fungi, and invertebrates |
|
| (AtVGT1, VGT1, AT3G03090) |
is suggested to have broader role in |
carbon allocation during germination and development |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| short-term water shortage during meiosis |
results in |
reduced accumulation of starch |
Triticum aestivum |
| HvCslF9 knockout alleles |
exhibit pleiotropic changes in |
monosaccharide composition |
Hordeum vulgare |
| Myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase |
is |
upregulated in (54CP, CPSRP54, FFC, SRP54CP, AT5G03940) mutants |
Phaeodactylum tricornutum |
| GRAS proteins |
play important roles in |
starch biosynthesis |
|
| primary root (PR) content of starch |
increased significantly at |
71 days after sprouting (71 DAS) |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| drought |
leads to increased accumulation of |
glucose |
Pisum sativum |
| CAZy database |
contains |
glycosyl transferases (GTs) |
|
| 50 mM acarbose |
completely inhibits |
cell wall invertase (cwInv) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leaves infected with P. syringae alone |
shows higher |
invertase activity |
|
| leaf senescence |
is usually associated with |
dramatic increase in concentration of soluble carbohydrate in mesophyll cells |
|
| Δ pfk mutant |
had hardly any effect on glycogen degradation rates in |
light and darkness |
Synechocystis |
| repressed starch turnover in En chloroplasts |
led to |
carbon starvation |
Zea mays |
| galactinol |
is specifically higher in |
stem lettuce than in other types |
Lactuca sativa |
| 35S::miR156 |
maintained slightly but significantly reduced levels of |
sucrose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 35S::miR156 |
maintained unchanged levels of |
T6P |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leaf sucrose concentration |
increased by 1.3-fold from 0- to 56-day treatment in |
Experiment III |
|
| UDPG concentration predicted from sucrose-phosphate synthase |
is one order of magnitude smaller than |
values reported in literature |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transition of morphogenesis to maturation phase |
is typically associated with |
switch from invertase- to sucrose synthase-mediated sucrose cleavage |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ovaries |
rely on |
starch reserves to supply glucose for metabolism |
Zea mays |
| arrested (ATTPS1, TPS1, AT1G78580) mutant embryos |
show |
sucrose accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| carbohydrate exchange between the plastid and cytosol |
is in the form of |
sugar phosphates |
|
| abiotic stresses |
alter |
sugar metabolism in anthers |
|
| HvCslF9 knockout alleles |
exhibit pleiotropic changes in |
starch composition |
Hordeum vulgare |
| UDP-glycosyltransferase gene PILA_05211 |
is involved in |
carbohydrate metabolism |
|
| differential expression pattern of morning-phased genes |
promotes |
starch metabolism |
Zea mays |
| CsFAD3-OE seeds |
show increased |
total sugar content |
Camelina sativa |
| mutant anther |
has only a third in the form of |
hexoses |
Oryza sativa |
| cytosolic UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPases) |
catalyze synthesis of |
UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) |
|
| high AGPase, PFK, and PK activities in field-grown stems |
possibly reflects |
an increased importance of the latter as a transient store and metabolic compartment in the field |
Manihot esculenta |
| GO categories |
related to |
carbohydrate metabolism |
|
| antisense inhibition of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase |
resulted in |
decrease in starch accumulation during the day |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| transition of morphogenesis to maturation phase |
is typically associated with |
decrease in hexose levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| acarbose inhibition of sucrase activity in aphids |
causes increase in |
production of mono- and oligosaccharides in honeydew |
Aphididae |
| HvCslF9 knockout alleles |
exhibit pleiotropic changes in |
polysaccharide composition |
Hordeum vulgare |
| leaf sucrose concentration |
increased by 1.2-fold from 0- to 56-day treatment in |
Experiment II |
|
| analytical results of the targeted method |
covered |
carbohydrate metabolism (citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and sugar metabolism) |
|
| maltose accumulation |
has been shown previously to have strongly deleterious effects on |
metabolism in leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| marked accumulation of sugar-phosphates in plants with T6P depletion |
is reminiscent of |
situation in yeast (ATTPS1, TPS1, AT1G78580) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| abnormal structure and function of En chloroplast membranes |
repressing |
chloroplast starch turnover |
Zea mays |
| 35S::amiRTPS1 line |
maintains lower levels of |
T6P |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| compromised photosynthate production |
causes |
drop in levels of total carbohydrates |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decreased starch accumulation in developing pollen grains and low total soluble sugar in the anther wall |
is similar to |
scenario in maize ovary under water deficit |
Solanum lycopersicum; Zea mays |
| (GAUT12, IRX8, LGT6, AT5G54690) |
is member of |
GT8 family |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| IRX14-LIKE (IRX14L) |
is closely related gene in |
GT43 family |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATINT2, INT2, AT1G30220) and (ATINT4, INT4, AT4G16480) |
are proposed to function in |
Arabidopsis companion cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Glycogen content of Δ zwf mutant in the light |
was similar to that of |
wild type (WT) |
Synechocystis |
| starch branching enzyme 2.2 (SBE2.2, AT5G03650) |
is likely related to |
reduced production of sugars under low light |
|
| malic acid |
captured as |
red-light-responsive metabolite in guard cell protoplasts without K+ |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| fructose |
is involved in |
storage |
|
| (PXY, TDR, AT5G61480) |
controls |
carbohydrates metabolism |
Oryza sativa |
| changed genes in (PXY, TDR, AT5G61480) mutant |
are related to |
carbohydrate transport and metabolism |
Oryza sativa |
| salinity stress |
enhances accumulation of |
sucrose |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| salinity stress |
delays |
starch disappearance |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (AtCWIN4, AtcwINV4, cwINV4, AT2G36190) flowers |
accumulated higher than normal levels of |
starch in the receptacle |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| starch content in GG fruits |
was not significantly different from |
starch content in 'Gala' fruits |
|
| NtcwINV5-FEH? and NtcwINV6-FEH? |
most probably have to be considered as |
fructan exohydrolases (FEHs) |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| galactinol synthase expression |
was to a greater extent in |
SS2613 compared with Sullu |
|
| absence of any net CO2 uptake |
causes mobilization of |
internal carbohydrate reserves |
|
| internal carbohydrate reserves |
are mobilized to fulfil |
needs of maintenance |
|
| fructose, galactose, citric acid, and malic acid |
exhibited strong positive correlations with |
sucrose, glucose, ribose, turanose, glucohexodialdose, palatinose, glucopyranoside, 1-methyl-α-D-galactopyranoside, mannonic acid, and arabinonic acid |
|
| futile cycling |
is |
regulatory cycling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Anaplerotic network (Scenario 1) |
occurs when glucose-6-P originates from |
glycogen |
Synechocystis |
| unknowns in potato |
is mostly |
sugars |
|
| LOC_Os03g53800 |
involved in |
metabolism of gluco-, galacto-, and mannosidases |
Oryza sativa |
| leaf samples |
were analyzed for |
starch levels |
|
| trehalose |
is implicated in |
metabolism |
|
| invertase suppression |
has shown pleiotropic changes in |
maize |
Zea mays; Oryza sativa; Solanum lycopersicum; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| isomaltose |
was dramatically increased in |
P35S:myc:PDX1.3 stunted plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Δ eda mutant |
showed strongly reduced glycogen consumption rate in comparison with WT under |
photoautotrophic conditions in the light |
Synechocystis |
| Glycolytic shunts |
commence with |
glycogen |
Synechocystis |
| (PCK2, PEPCK, AT5G65690) species |
had DE transcripts related to |
C4 and sugar/starch metabolism |
|
| total fraction of sugars |
remains unchanged over time |
time |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| amylase |
has |
smallest in vivo catalytic rates |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| photosynthesis |
produces |
soluble carbohydrates |
|
| intracellular glucose and fructose (G+F) |
may be metabolized |
|
|
| (FRA8, IRX7, AT2G28110) |
is member of |
GT47 family |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Double mutant (Δ glgP1 Δ glgP2) unable to catabolize glycogen |
was generated to test whether |
glycolytic shunts tap the soluble glucose-6P pool or resort to the glycogen reservoir |
Synechocystis |
| OE-TRXf in tobacco |
increased |
starch content |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| CAZy database |
contains |
glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) |
|
| sucrose and starch pathways |
may contribute to |
heterosis |
|
| invertase inhibition |
affects |
carbohydrate metabolism |
|
| extractable invertase activity |
is not significantly affected by |
acarbose infiltration |
|
| BETL in developing seed of maize |
is a major cellular site for |
interplay of sugar-hormone cross-talk |
Zea mays |
| Δ zwf mutant |
showed no differences in glycogen content compared with |
wild type (WT) under photoautotrophic conditions |
Synechocystis |
| arrest in photosynthesis and carbon fixation |
would explain |
drop in the total fraction of sugars |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 42 metabolites |
include |
one sugar alcohol |
|
| phosphoglucomutase |
shows largest relative difference between |
in vivo and in vitro catalytic rates |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| trehalose |
is |
reserve carbohydrate |
|
| source tissues |
are turned into |
strong carbohydrate sink |
|
| 35S::miR156 35S::amiRTPS1 |
did not result in significant changes in |
sucrose levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glucose 6-phosphate ( (GLC, AT1G65450) 6-P) |
is used for |
NADPH generation via oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FSM resistance in WT seedlings |
is due to |
availability of readily metabolizable carbon source |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Net glycogen consumption rates |
are a result of |
glycogen synthesis and degradation |
Synechocystis |
| noninvasive and rapid field monitoring |
of key traits in flag leaves and/or ear bracts associated with |
sugar accumulation |
|
| zmdreb2a mutant seeds |
exhibit decreased |
raffinose |
Zea mays |
| fumaric acid |
constitutes the preferential storage form for |
photosynthates |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| heat stress (HS) |
affects |
genes/gene families related to carbohydrate metabolism |
|
| maltose |
is highly accumulated at |
26 days after anthesis (DAA) |
Triticum aestivum |
| genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism |
are highly expressed during |
summer |
Picea abies |
| increased level of sedoheptulose with decreased flux toward carbon fixation |
underpins |
negative correlations of sedoheptulose with photosynthetic performance |
Citrus sinensis; Citrus paradisi |
| peach and apple |
differ in |
carbohydrate storage mechanisms during fruit growth and embryo development |
|
| genes in cluster CV |
were involved in |
carbohydrate metabolism |
Oryza sativa |
| starch in green leaves and the AZ |
is formed as |
transitory starch |
Arabis alpina |
| transgenic yeast expressing LeHT3 |
is capable of growth on |
medium containing maltose |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| P35S:myc:PDX1.3 stunted plants |
show remarkable increase in |
isomaltose content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P35S:myc:PDX1.3 stunted plants |
show strongly reduced |
galactinol content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| maize En chloroplasts |
function as sinks for |
starch storage |
Zea mays |
| 570 genes affected by APA only after 6 h of drought |
was enriched for those involved in |
carbohydrate metabolism |
Sorghum |
| Cu-Fe double deficiency |
causes significant decrease in |
total fraction of sugars |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| moderate-shade |
prevents |
excessive starch accumulation |
Citrus spp. |
| three key genes in starch synthesis (glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase, starch synthase and 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme) |
expression levels were not significantly different between |
71 and 80 days after sprouting (DAS) |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| gi mutants |
display |
sugar starvation phenotype |
|
| candidate genes (HpSuSy4_1, HpSPS1F_1, HpSS3_2, HpSS4_3, HpGAE4_2, and HpUGE3_1) |
were investigated in |
ovaries from m115 and apomict R35 |
Hieracium praealtum |
| (cL37, PSRP5, AT3G56910) seedlings |
have significantly lower |
soluble sugar content at 117 ± 9.3 ng seedling−1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GH63 |
contains |
inverting α-glucosidase-I ( (GCS1, HAP2, AT4G11720) KNOPF) |
|
| IDL samples at 3-day darkening at T1 |
show almost no |
metabolite labeling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| trehalose |
is highly accumulated at |
26 days after anthesis (DAA) |
Triticum aestivum |
| labeled arabinose |
added to |
germinating Arabidopsis seeds |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| perturbation of mitochondrial function by heat shock |
leads to |
induction of glycolysis |
|
| Δ eda mutant |
had significantly increased glycogen content of +145% compared with |
wild type (WT) under photoautotrophic conditions |
Synechocystis |
| overexpression of BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1, AT1G75080) and CYP724B1 |
increases |
sugar accumulation in developing seeds |
Oryza sativa |
| limiting respiration through chemical inhibition of the mETC |
might restrain |
sugar consumption |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| trend of water-soluble sugar (WSS) and starch content at 80 days after sprouting (80 DAS) |
is |
opposite of that found at 71 days after sprouting (71 DAS) |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| most sugars (mannitol, maltose, myo-inositol, galactinol and trehalose) |
decreased in abundance at D1 then accumulated during |
further desiccation and/or rehydration |
Craterostigma plantagineum |
| upregulation of sucrose and starch catabolism upon (NOL, AT5G04900) knockdown |
could facilitate |
synthesis of other metabolites |
Lolium perenne |
| cytosolic glucan synthesized by glucan synthase |
immediately hydrolysed to |
maltose |
Triticum aestivum |
| energy storage |
includes |
starch |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| carbon allocation |
drives |
starch biosynthesis |
|
| starch accumulation in dividing BY-2 cells |
supports |
direct linkage between cell wall production and cytoplasmic sugar contents |
|
| leaf samples |
were analyzed for |
fructose levels |
|
| rising sucrose levels in plants |
are accompanied by |
significantly increased levels of TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE (T6P) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rising sucrose levels, increased TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE (T6P) levels, redox activation of AGPase, and stimulation of starch synthesis |
is consistent with |
idea that TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE (T6P) acts as signal of sugar status in plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leaves infiltrated with P. syringae and acarbose |
shows tendency of lower |
invertase activity |
|
| habituation |
induces |
carbohydrate metabolism |
Zea mays |
| sucrose content |
showed no significant differences between |
WT and ms33-6038 anthers at stages 7–9 |
Zea mays |
| cellobiose and ribose |
induced by red light in |
guard cell protoplasts with 20 mM K+ |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsDOF11 |
modulates |
sugar transport |
Oryza sativa |
| daytime accumulation and nocturnal depletion of chrysolaminarin |
observed in |
diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum |
Phaeodactylum tricornutum |
| bioinformatics analysis |
identify |
isoform of β-amylase likely responsible for maltose accumulation |
Triticum aestivum |
| accumulation of excessive starch in sun-exposed trees |
correlates to |
lower levels of sucrose |
Citrus sinensis; Citrus paradisi |
| carbohydrate anabolism of the leaf |
was generally downregulated between |
71 and 80 days after sprouting (DAS) |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| sucrose phosphate synthase (ATSPS2F, KNS2, SPS1, SPS2F, SPSA2, AT5G11110) |
was preferentially expressed in |
mesophyll cells |
Oryza sativa |
| allotetraploid Arabidopsis suecica |
produces |
starch |
Arabidopsis suecica |
| primary root (PR) content of water-soluble sugar (WSS) |
decreased significantly at |
71 days after sprouting (71 DAS) |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| sucrose synthetase |
was upregulated at |
80 days after sprouting (80 DAS) |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| 117 PEP1-suppressed genes induced in Ri1 plants |
are enriched in functions including |
carbohydrate metabolism |
Oryza sativa |
| galactose |
had strong positive correlations with |
2-keto-D-gluconic acid, threitol, D-glycero-L-manno-heptonic acid, idonic acid, and scopolin |
|
| sucrose |
showed strong positive correlations with |
ribose, 2-keto-D-gluconic acid, D-glycero-L-manno-heptonic acid, fructose, glucose, galactose, arabinofuranose, glucopyranoside, D-glycero-L-manno-heptonic acid, mannonic acid, scopolin, and palatinose |
|
| ribose and sorbose |
levels are the same in |
NOJ under both conditions |
Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum |
| Si effect |
was mainly due to differences in |
sugars (galactose) |
Vigna unguiculata |
| girdled leaves |
contained significantly higher levels of |
sucrose, glucose, fructose, and starch |
Zea mays |
| prolonged waterlogging in F. angustifolia |
results in carbohydrate concentrations returning to |
control levels |
Fraxinus angustifolia |
| raffinose and myo-inositol |
indicates activation of |
carbohydrate storage |
Triticum aestivum |
| glucose |
peaks at |
12 days after anthesis (DAA) |
Triticum aestivum |
| decreased glucose in the CFPO pathway in full-sun-exposed HLB-affected trees |
may be related to |
increased pyruvic acid in the GG pathway |
Citrus sinensis; Citrus paradisi |
| sucrose synthesis via sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) |
is important for |
production and secretion of nectar sugar |
Cucurbita pepo; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Aconitum kusnezoffii photosynthetic products |
are mainly stored as |
starch |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| expression of α-amylase and β-amylase |
was generally lower in |
lateral root (LR) than in the primary root (PR) |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| ATP to NADPH ratio imbalances |
significantly impact |
carbon allocation toward starch production |
|
| leaf samples |
were analyzed for |
glucose levels |
|
| reduction and monomerization of AGPase |
occur in response to |
sugars |
|
| (FRA8, IRX7, AT2G28110) and Homolog (F8H, AT5G22940) |
are closely related |
members of the GT47 family |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| constitutive overexpression of spinach SoSUT1 from the CaMV 35S promoter in potato |
resulted in lower levels of |
sugar in leaves |
Solanum tuberosum |
| Oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway deletion (Δ zwf, Δ gnd) |
showed severely reduced glycogen consumption under |
light-activated heterotrophic (LAH) conditions |
Synechocystis |
| Leaf glucose concentration |
increased by 10-fold from 26 October to 20 January in |
Experiment I |
|
| sucrose-phosphate synthase |
is one of |
168 plant enzymes characterized |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (SGC, AT4G18530) protein |
is associated with Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function related to |
transferase activity of glycosyl groups |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcript level of hexokinase 1 and 2 |
correlated with |
glucose-6-phosphate levels |
Craterostigma plantagineum |
| starch contents in senescent leaves |
are as low or lower in |
starch contents in the PZ |
Arabis alpina |
| fructose |
peaks at |
12 days after anthesis (DAA) |
Triticum aestivum |
| cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechocystis |
follow |
same diurnal sequence |
Prochlorococcus; Synechocystis |
| cytosolic Suc |
can serve as |
substrate for cA/N-Invs |
|
| fructans in wft1 lines |
are in small amounts and with different compositions from |
fructans in wft2 lines |
Oryza sativa |
| remainder of starch |
is used for |
export to soluble sugars and consumption through respiration |
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum |
| decrease in Kranz cells in Blepharis ciliaris leaf mid-vein |
is accompanied by |
little accumulation of starch in surrounding chlorenchyma |
Blepharis ciliaris |
| [1- 13 C]fructose |
enters |
glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway |
|
| highest decrease in hexose pool |
observed in |
transgenic line AtAF-4 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| biosynthesis of non-structural phenylpropanoid derivative (NSP) |
requires |
substantial sucrose catabolism following localized induction in Populus |
Populus species |
| glucose |
underlies high turnover rates since it is the primary substrate for |
many polysaccharides such as starch |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glucose in (SUT1, AT5G63020) mutant leaves |
is increased in |
mature leaves four, five, and six |
Zea mays |
| soluble fraction |
contained essentially |
glucose, fructose, and sucrose |
Crocus vernus |
| glucose |
exhibited largest changes in concentration over time especially at 18/14 °C |
all sugars |
Crocus vernus |
| waterlogging in FEM |
causes |
starch accumulation in leaves |
Fraxinus excelsior |
| free sucrose |
accumulated at |
root apex |
Gossypium hirsutum |
| β-fructofuranosidase |
can decompose |
sucrose into fructose and glucose |
|
| α-tocopherol |
allows |
photoassimilate export by preventing callose deposition |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Oryza sativa; Taxus cuspidata |
| sugars |
serve as substrates in |
storage |
|
| starch |
decreased in |
all shade conditions (30, 50 and 70% shade) |
|
| gene expression involved in major carbohydrate metabolism |
was studied according to |
MapMan |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| many DEGs associated with NOL-mediated stay-green phenotypes |
are mainly involved in |
carbohydrate catabolism |
Lolium perenne |
| phasing of autotrophic and heterotrophic pathways |
is remarkably similar between |
Skeletonema robusta and available diurnal transcriptomes from Nannochloropsis oceanica, Cyanophora paradoxa, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Ostreococcus tauri |
Skeletonema robusta; Nannochloropsis oceanica; Cyanophora paradoxa; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; Ostreococcus tauri |
| Arabidopsis |
is |
a non-fructan plant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| acarbose |
strongly inhibits |
retaining or inverting α-glucoside-specific transferases |
|
| Enhanced glycogen content of Δ eda mutant |
might be a result of |
faster glycogen synthesis |
Synechocystis |
| All three glycolytic shunts (OPP, (PGI, PGI1, AT4G24620) and ED) |
form classical anaplerotic reactions when glucose-6-P originates from |
glycogen |
Synechocystis |
| (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan |
has inverse relationship with |
starch content in grains |
Hordeum vulgare; Poaceae |
| KO00630 'glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism' pathway |
most DEGs upregulated in |
Experiment I |
|
| All DEGs in pentose phosphate pathway |
upregulated in |
Experiment I |
|
| Ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase (EMB2728, RPE, AT5G61410) |
is located in |
chloroplast |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| beta-fructosidases |
are likely involved in |
tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway |
Oryza sativa |
| blocked carbohydrate export in transgenic Arabidopsis expressing PLRV MP |
is evident by |
starch accumulation in source leaves and reduced growth |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCWIN4, AtcwINV4, cwINV4, AT2G36190) nectaries |
do not accumulate starch within |
starch |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| G6P |
showed 3.1-fold increase in carbon turnover on changing CO2 concentration from 200 ppm to 1000 ppm |
carbon turnover rate |
|
| (PAS2, PEP, PEPINO, AT5G10480) |
is |
precursor of pyruvate |
|
| intracellular compartmental flux |
is |
another possibility for the plateau in the 13C-labelling ratio |
|
| DEGs with similarity to endo-β-1,4-glucanases and glucan 1,3-β-glucosidases |
are down-regulated in |
transgenic T-34 |
|
| galactose |
peaks at |
12 days after anthesis (DAA) |
Triticum aestivum |
| synthetic biology toolkits |
could unveil |
biological roles of carbohydrate-active enzymes |
|
| pyruvic acid |
gradually decreased with |
increased levels of shade |
Citrus sinensis; Citrus paradisi |
| banana fruit |
contains |
starch |
Musa |
| genes related to metabolism |
are predicted to function in |
carbohydrate transport and metabolism |
|
| galactosyltransferase |
is likely involved in |
tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway |
Oryza sativa |
| partitioning enzymes in sink tissue, such as sucrose phosphate synthase |
showed both short- and long-term regulation by |
sugar concentrations |
|
| non-structural carbohydrates in leaf L3 of staminate plants |
showed continuous increase until |
their senescence |
|
| PpARF2 |
belongs to |
GH3 α-AFase family |
Pyrus pyrifolia |
| sucrose levels in transgenic rice plants |
are |
10.0–14.0 versus 7.0 mg g −1 fresh weight in WT |
Oryza sativa |
| fructose |
was present at average content of |
14.76 mg g−1 |
|
| silks of water-stressed plants |
had higher |
sugar concentrations |
Zea mays |
| phosphoglycerate kinase |
is |
early cytokinin response protein T31 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| starch |
accounts for |
up to 75% of wheat grain |
Triticum aestivum |
| beta-glucosidase |
is likely involved in |
tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway |
Oryza sativa |
| hexose profile |
is |
attribute of 'Micro-Tom' cultivar |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| concentration effect due to reduction of fruit size |
contributes to |
increased sugar accumulation under salinity stress |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| starch grains at anthesis |
are degraded and are a presumed source of |
nectar carbohydrate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| xylitol |
displayed 33-fold higher occurrence in |
pavement cells |
|
| xylitol |
displayed 33-fold higher occurrence in pavement cells compared to |
trichomes |
|
| rhamnose and α,α-trehalose |
were less abundant in |
basal cells |
|
| sucrose synthase (SS) transcription |
was induced in |
both clones under stress |
|
| increase in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and energy production |
causes |
shift in carbohydrate metabolism |
|
| concentration of total non-structural carbohydrates in senescing staminate flowers at week 5 |
was as high as |
the highest level in pistillate fruits at week 7 |
|
| Aechmea 'Maya' under severe light limitation |
exhibits |
fluctuations in key metabolites |
Aechmea 'Maya' |
| pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase |
regulates |
carbon flux into respiration |
Zea mays |
| stress |
was associated with depletion of |
starch storage reserves from ear tissues |
Zea mays |
| proteins resin-enriched from AHA-treated cells |
were involved in |
carbohydrate metabolism and stress/stimulus response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sucrose-phosphate synthase |
was significantly upregulated at |
80 days after sprouting (80 DAS) |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| hexokinase |
is |
key enzyme in fructose and glucose catabolism |
|
| sucrose, fructose and glucose (three most abundant sugars) |
initially elevated during early dehydration and later changed towards opposite pattern |
|
Craterostigma plantagineum |