| PpPINC alone |
cannot replace the function of |
both PpPINA and PpPINB |
Physcomitrella patens |
| At (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
function is not distinct from |
any other canonical land-plant PIN |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCB1, ATPGP1, PGP1, AT2G36910) |
mediate |
auxin influx and efflux |
|
| Physcomitrium patens long-PIN proteins |
were able to partially complement |
loss of multiple PIN genes in Arabidopsis sporophytes |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Physcomitrium patens |
| rescue of At pin1-4 resulting in plants |
are more similar to |
wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of Arabidopsis villin4 (ATVLN4, VLN4, AT4G30160) |
resulted in |
less PM presence of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VPS28A mutations |
showed abnormal expression pattern of |
PINs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NPH3-RPT2 Like 20 (NRL20) |
maintains polarity of |
PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PpPINA (Pp3c23_10200) |
is similar in structure and length to |
PpPINC (Pp3c10_24880) |
Physcomitrella patens |
| ABCB transporters |
is |
auxin efflux transporter |
|
| candidate genes for height and leaf area |
include homologs of |
PIN |
Salix purpurea |
| plant-specific phospholipase sPLA2α |
is involved in |
correct trafficking of auxin transporters |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| canonical PpPINs |
cluster with |
PIN proteins from other mosses |
Physcomitrium patens |
| PIN protein complementation |
is |
dose-dependent |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Brachypodium distachyon; Marchantia polymorpha |
| Rice morphology determinant |
was shown to regulate |
PM localization and internalization of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
Oryza sativa |
| phosphorylation differences in intracellular loop residues |
is primary mechanism for |
polar auxin transport |
|
| AUX/LAX proteins |
are |
auxin influx carriers |
|
| actin cytoskeleton |
is required for |
endocytosis and recycling of PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs) |
|
| PIN-FORMED auxin transporters |
includes various members responsible for |
facilitating the movement of auxin molecules across cell membranes |
|
| phenotypes shared by exogenous auxin and TIBA treatments and Mp (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) mutants |
may identify tissues where |
MpPIN1 may normally reduce auxin concentrations |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| TIBA treatment |
results in |
random directional stalk growth |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| (eS10y, RPS10B, AT5G41520) mutant |
did not antagonize |
effect of (AtMAX2, MAX2, ORE9, PPS, AT2G42620) on polar auxin transport in the stem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| elongated phyllids phenotype |
is similar to |
Physcomitrella gametophores treated with auxin transport inhibitors |
Physcomitrium patens |
| pharmacological stabilization of actin cytoskeleton |
revealed weak effect of rop6-1 mutation on |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) auxin efflux carrier protein internalization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ER-localized PINs ( (PIN5, AT5G16530) (PIN6, AT1G77110) (ATPIN8, PIN8, AT5G15100) ) |
presumably increase |
auxin accumulation in the ER |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN family |
comprises |
twelve genes in rice |
Oryza sativa |
| PIN-FORMED auxin efflux transporters |
mediate via |
polar localisation and directional auxin transport |
|
| polar auxin transport |
is mediated by |
PM-localized auxin influx carriers (AUXIN1/LIKE AUX1s; (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) /LAXs) |
Oryza sativa |
| (CHMP1B, VPS46.1, AT1G17730) mutations |
showed abnormal expression pattern of |
PINs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proteins that interact directly with PINs |
remain |
largely elusive |
|
| Physcomitrella genome |
encodes |
four PIN genes |
Physcomitrium patens |
| (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
is responsible for |
polar auxin transport to the root tip through stele cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| two Physcomitrella PpPINA and PpPINB proteins |
function in |
sporophyte development |
Physcomitrium patens |
| PpPINB (Pp3c24_2970) |
is similar in structure and length to |
PpPINC (Pp3c10_24880) |
Physcomitrella patens |
| Excessively curved, Mp (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) -like stalk growth |
was also achieved with |
auxin transport inhibitors |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| Bud PsPIN1 transcript levels |
were relatively stable among |
genotypes and in decapitation treatments |
Pisum sativum |
| PsAUX1 transcript levels in rms1 |
were 3- to 8-fold lower than in |
wild type |
Pisum sativum |
| auxin transport genes PIN-FORMED1 (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (PIN5, AT5G16530) (PIN6, AT1G77110) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) |
were significantly down-regulated in |
Pi/Suc-starved ark2-1/pub9-1 compared with Col-0 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PIN6, AT1G77110) |
expression level was down-regulated in |
ark2-1/pub9-1 plants during phosphate starvation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) |
expression level was down-regulated in |
ark2-1/pub9-1 plants during phosphate starvation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sec24a-2 mutant |
has normal |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) trafficking |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decrease in (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) expression in whole seedlings |
is negligible in |
whole seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
is transported acropetally from |
quiescent center to elongation zone through root transition zone |
Pisum sativum |
| Arabidopsis mutants with impaired auxin transporter (aux1-7, (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) ) |
reveals |
involvement of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) auxin efflux transporter in polar auxin transport (PAT) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sHSP22 |
affects |
intracellular vesicle trafficking of PIN proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PpPINA |
is most similar to |
PpPINB |
Physcomitrium patens |
| auxin |
is transported to |
lateral root cap and epidermal cells |
|
| noncanonical PpPIND |
is separated together with |
several PIN proteins of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha |
Physcomitrium patens; Marchantia polymorpha |
| MpPIN1 |
is likely conserved in function with |
long-PIN proteins of Arabidopsis |
Marchantia polymorpha; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (TOL3, AT1G21380) mutations |
showed abnormal expression pattern of |
PINs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Klebsormidium PIN proteins |
can transport |
auxin |
Klebsormidium |
| pro 35S: Mp (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) transgene |
was introduced into |
At pin1-3 allele |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased internalization and inhibited recycling of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
leading to |
reduced abundance of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) on the PM |
Oryza sativa |
| polar auxin transport |
is mediated by |
PIN auxin efflux carriers |
Oryza sativa |
| auxin flow |
is predicted to occur |
basipetally |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| subcellular polar localisations of auxin transporters |
contribute to establishing |
auxin maxima and minima |
|
| Mp (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
is |
sole long-PIN gene |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| loss of Arabidopsis villin4 (ATVLN4, VLN4, AT4G30160) |
resulted in |
slower rate of auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Marchantia polymorpha genome |
encodes |
five PIN genes |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| ACTIN gene mutants |
displayed |
abnormal accumulation of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) in the intracellular compartments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| QTL located on chromosome 2 |
contains |
pin11 gene |
Zea mays |
| land-plant long-PIN proteins |
have conserved activity in |
most developmental contexts assayed |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Marchantia polymorpha |
| AUX/LAX transporters |
is |
auxin influx transporter |
|
| subcellular polar localisations of auxin transporters |
produce |
auxin gradients |
|
| sporophyte development minimally affected |
is correlated with |
lack of detectable sporophyte basal auxin transport |
liverworts |
| diffusion or other transporters |
may facilitate |
auxin movement |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| shoot tissues |
can have very high |
auxin transport capacity |
|
| sHSP22 OX increased root growth sensitivity to NPA |
is associated with |
reduced accumulation of basal plasma membrane-localized PINs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis thaliana (ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) |
directly interacts with |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis thaliana (ATAZG1, AZG1, AT3G10960) |
stabilizes |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PpPIND |
is |
noncanonical PIN |
Physcomitrium patens |
| VPS28B mutations |
showed abnormal expression pattern of |
PINs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pin11 |
multifaceted role in influencing |
plant height and growth dynamics, primarily through its involvement in auxin transport |
|
| rootward auxin transport |
is enhanced in |
mutants with lower levels of NO |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| BFA (brefeldin A) |
is |
commonly used inhibitor of polar auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cotyledon excision |
prevents supply of |
auxin to roots |
Pisum sativum |
| loss of (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) |
results in |
overaccumulation of (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) |
|
| rice |
contains |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
Oryza sativa |
| PIN1-GFP |
is basally localized in |
PIN1-expressing cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin transport inhibitor treatment |
leads to |
elongated phyllids and stems |
Physcomitrella patens |
| apically sourced auxin |
does not enter |
bud |
|
| decapitated plants |
showed |
down-regulation of auxin transport genes |
Pisum sativum |
| PsAUX1 transcript levels in rms2 |
were 12- to 60-fold lower than in |
wild type |
Pisum sativum |
| (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) transcripts |
show only slight effect in |
(ATNOA1, ATNOS1, NOA1, NOS1, RIF1, SVR10, AT3G47450) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) expression in all tissues examined |
shows no significant changes in |
all tissues examined |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| net IAA efflux in −B plants |
is lower than that in |
+B plants in meristem and transition zone after Al exposure |
Pisum sativum |
| explants |
showed |
down-regulation of auxin transport genes |
Pisum sativum |
| changes in (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) expression in whole seedlings and entire roots |
are much less pronounced than |
those observed in root tips |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene misregulation |
manifests in |
impairment in auxin distribution |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CRL4/OsGNOM1 protein |
is responsible for coordinating |
polar localization of auxin efflux carrier PINFORMED1 (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
Oryza sativa |
| boron deficiency |
significantly inhibits |
net IAA efflux in meristem and root transition zone |
Pisum sativum |
| cells in transition zone |
operate mainly as |
transfer center |
|
| CK |
drives accumulation of |
(ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) on plasma membrane |
|
| auxin transport genes |
had up-regulated, down-regulated, and nonregulated genes observed almost equally |
|
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sHSP22 |
plays an important role in specifically modulating |
auxin transport efflux carriers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| crucial auxin transporter PINs |
undergo |
constitutive trafficking through secretion, endocytosis, transcytosis, and sorting |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN trafficking |
is essential for |
polar plasma membrane localization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| down-regulation of (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (PIN5, AT5G16530) (PIN6, AT1G77110) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) in ark2-1/pub9-1 plants |
provides evidence that |
both auxin efflux carriers and signaling proteins are affected |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) |
enters plant cell by |
active ATP-dependent transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) auxin efflux transporter |
is involved in |
polar auxin transport (PAT) through root transition zone |
|
| (PGP1, PGPS1, PGS1, AT2G39290) ( (ABCB1, ATPGP1, PGP1, AT2G36910) Brachytic2-BR2, or multidrug resistance 1 [MDR1]) |
encodes |
membrane-bound protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Zea mays |
| OsPIN1 (rice (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) ) |
is |
characterized PIN gene in rice |
Oryza sativa |
| strigolactone (SL) mutations in pea |
contrasts with |
elevated PIN transcript abundance in Arabidopsis SL mutants |
Pisum sativum; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nonuniform polarized transport of IAA |
establishes |
defined auxin gradients |
|
| auxin transport |
is mediated by |
AUXIN1 (AUX) LIKE (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) (LAX) influx transporters |
|
| CK treatment |
results in |
overaccumulation of (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) |
|
| nitrate starvation |
results in |
(ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) depletion |
|
| br2 mutant stem |
has decreased |
auxin transport |
Zea mays |
| ZmPGP1 |
is responsible for depleting auxin from |
root TZ and EZ |
Zea mays |
| rice |
contains |
OsPIN9 |
Oryza sativa |
| auxin synthesis in cotyledons |
is transported or diffuses into |
hypocotyl |
Brassica rapa |
| CK treatment |
is consistent with promoting |
basal localization of PINs |
|
| ZmPGP1 |
mediates the export of |
indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) |
Zea mays |
| ABCG subfamily |
contains |
PDR group |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ABCB subfamily |
has |
full-sized members |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN localization |
is altered in |
cry mutant |
|
| IAAH (protonated IAA) |
is able to cross |
cell membrane via diffusion |
|
| strigolactone (SL) mutations |
had relatively small impact on |
auxin transporter expression in stems |
Pisum sativum |
| PIN-FORMED5 (PIN5, AT5G16530) |
showed lowest level of expression, being reduced by |
3.03-fold in Pi/Suc-starved ark2-1/pub9-1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) import to cotyledons through the petiole |
is reduced by 50% in |
(ABCB19, ATABCB19, ATMDR1, ATMDR11, ATPGP19, MDR1, MDR11, PGP19, AT3G28860) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| down-regulation of (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) and (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) expression in (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) |
is likely due to |
deficits in gradient of auxin accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NAA (synthetic auxin) |
enters plant cell predominantly by |
diffusion |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin transport phenotypes of (ARR3, AT1G59940) ,4,5,6,7,15 and (ARR1, RR1, AT3G16857) mutants |
are due at least in part to |
differential accumulation of PINs belonging to the (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) clade |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) |
play important role in |
cross-stem auxin flux |
|
| PsPIN genes |
were previously reported to be expressed in |
shoot tissues |
Pisum sativum |
| boron deficiency |
inhibits |
IAA efflux in both meristem and transition zones |
Pisum sativum |
| shoot tip removal |
resulted in depletion of |
PsPIN1 transcripts |
Pisum sativum |
| defect in shoot-to-root transport of auxin |
was ruled out as explanation for |
short-root phenotype in (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| high-nitrate conditions |
inhibits |
NRT1.1-mediated auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sHSP22 OX |
shows abolished phenotype upon |
NPA application |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| net indole acetic acid (IAA) efflux |
detected by |
IAA-sensitive platinum microelectrode |
Pisum sativum |
| (AGC1-1, D6PK, AT5G55910) |
co-localizes with |
(ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoids |
affect |
long-distance polar auxin transport streams |
|
| quintuple tol mutant |
accumulates |
auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED2 (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| decrease in (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) expression in entire roots in presence of sucrose (Suc) |
can be observed in |
entire roots as well as whole seedlings |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCB19, ATABCB19, ATMDR1, ATMDR11, ATPGP19, MDR1, MDR11, PGP19, AT3G28860) |
plays pivotal role in |
auxin efflux |
|
| PIN-FORMED (PIN)-type plasma membrane efflux carriers |
generate |
subcellular auxin gradients |
|
| PINOID-dependent (ABR, PID, AT2G34650) phosphorylation |
can modulate |
apical-basal polarity of PINs |
|
| (PGP1, PGPS1, PGS1, AT2G39290) (ABCB1, ATPGP1, PGP1, AT2G36910) (ABCB19, ATABCB19, ATMDR1, ATMDR11, ATPGP19, MDR1, MDR11, PGP19, AT3G28860) |
is |
auxin efflux carrier |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor |
| (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) (PIN-FORMED 1) |
is |
first putative efflux carrier component |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin efflux mechanisms |
modulates |
auxin signaling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZmPGP1 mediates IAA export from |
occurs in |
intercalary meristem |
Zea mays |
| (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) subfamily |
is represented by |
OsPIN1a–d |
Oryza sativa |
| PIN proteins |
exhibit synergistic interactions in |
plants with inhibited auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rice |
contains |
OsPIN10 (PIN10a/b) |
Oryza sativa |
| newly synthesized apical auxin |
would take greater than 2 h to move to |
base of typical 7-d-old B. rapa hypocotyl |
Brassica rapa |
| BR2 |
functions in |
IAA export from the intercalary meristem |
Zea mays |
| auxin polar transport |
is highlighted by |
analysis of aux1-7 and (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsPIN1a–d |
are orthologous to |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin influx/efflux carriers |
are essential in |
directing auxin transport and creating local maxima in auxin gradient |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcript level of (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) in (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) and .1 in presence of sucrose (Suc) |
is significantly decreased compared with |
wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARR3, AT1G59940) ,4,5,6,7,15 mutant |
transported 23% less |
auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN-FORMED (PIN) genes |
expression is increased at |
low red to far-red light ratio |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sHSP22 |
may affect |
PIN vesicle trafficking at sorting or vacuolar degradation steps |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rice |
contains |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) (PINa/b) |
Oryza sativa |
| grafting of wild-type scion on (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) rootstock |
did not rescue |
short-root phenotype |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) |
differs from NAA in |
mechanism of entering plant cell (active ATP-dependent transport vs. diffusion) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| boron enhancement of (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) function |
may explain decreased root surface pH in |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) mutants with boron supply |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CK-depleting conditions |
result in |
(ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) depletion |
|
| (ATIPT3, IPT3, ROCK4, AT3G63110) mutation |
results in |
(ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) depletion |
|
| AUXIN TRANSPORTER-LIKE1 (HORVU3Hr1G084750) |
was upregulated in |
transgenic compared to null segregant genotypes |
Hordeum vulgare |
| genes such as PsAUX1 and PK2 |
showed consistently lower expression in |
rms mutant buds compared with wild type |
Pisum sativum |
| auxin levels in (ATPDX1.1, PDX1.1, AT2G38230) mutant |
are confined to |
root |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| changes in (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) expression in whole seedlings and entire roots |
are affected by |
sucrose (Suc) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| net IAA efflux |
peaks between 600 and 1,500 μm from root cap junction, with highest efflux at |
900 μm in +B plants and 1,200 μm in −B plants |
Pisum sativum |
| auxin reaching maximum at quiescent center (QC) and columella initials |
is then redirected upward by |
apically localized (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) in the epidermis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsPIN8 |
is orthologous to |
(ATPIN8, PIN8, AT5G15100) |
Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PsAUX1 transcript abundance across genotypes |
was consistently in the order of |
wild type > rms1 > rms2 |
Pisum sativum |
| stability of expression of PsAUX1 and PK2 |
across all treatments including auxin application |
|
Pisum sativum |
| altered NO levels |
cause an important effect in |
auxin transport capacity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) protein |
is |
auxin efflux transporter |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin transport inhibitor, 1-N-naphthylphtalamic acid (NPA) |
was examined for effects on |
local induction of auxin-responsive genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATNOA1, ATNOS1, NOA1, NOS1, RIF1, SVR10, AT3G47450) mutant |
perturbs |
auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) protein |
is |
auxin influx transporter |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| vasculature |
facilitates |
long-distance transport of auxin to target organs such as hypocotyl |
|
| decreased DR5rev:GFP fluorescence in QC and columella cells of sHSP22 OX |
presumably resulted from |
less acropetal and slightly greater basipetal auxin transport mediated by polarly localized PINs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sHSP22 |
potentiates |
auxin efflux facilitator PIN proteins trafficking |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) influx carrier |
is pivotal for |
flow of auxin from columella cells to epidermal cells of the elongation zone via LRC cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| specific polar localization of plasma-membrane PIN proteins |
suggests that they determine |
direction of IAA flow through cells and tissues |
|
| polar auxin transport between quiescent center and elongation zone |
is mediated by |
differential expression of auxin efflux (PIN) proteins |
|
| high temperature-triggered hypocotyl elongation of sHSP22 OX |
was suppressed when grown on medium supplemented with |
1 μM NPA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN proteins |
mediate auxin basipetal flow through |
epidermis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PpPINC |
has the lowest expression level of |
all canonical PINs |
Physcomitrium patens |
| PIN-FORMED (PIN) transporters |
is |
auxin efflux transporter |
|
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
acts as efflux carrier for |
indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) |
|
| ABCBs |
function in |
long-distance auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN-FORMED (PIN) family |
is |
known family of auxin transporters |
|
| auxin transport genes |
clustered together as |
functional group |
Pisum sativum |
| increased levels of IAA in hypocotyl |
were manifest as |
basipetal gradient extending downward (high IAA to low IAA) with respect to cotyledons |
Brassica rapa |
| auxin gradients |
establishment occurs through |
active auxin transport |
|
| ethylene |
promotes |
shootward auxin transport |
|
| PABA |
might recruit |
other PIN proteins or activate alternative transport machinery that can substitute for (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pin-formed1 (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) mutant |
is defective in |
auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rootward auxin transport in (ATNOA1, ATNOS1, NOA1, NOS1, RIF1, SVR10, AT3G47450) and (GNR1, NIA1, NR1, AT1G77760) (ATNR2, B29, CHL3, NIA2, NIA2-1, NR, NR2, AT1G37130) mutants |
in a mechanism not mediated by changes in |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) protein levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| rao4 mutant |
has mutation in |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) (PIN-FORMED 1) at position 276 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene |
up-regulates |
(AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
|
| OsPIN2 |
is orthologous to |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
Oryza sativa; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| APM |
applied at concentration of |
26 μM in 0.004% DMSO |
|
| indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) |
influx appears to be |
carrier-assisted |
|
| (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
is the primary mediator of |
polar auxin flows during embryogenesis |
|
| flavonols |
inhibit the activity of |
heterologously expressed plant ABCBs |
|
| root acropetal and basipetal IBA transport |
are unaltered in |
(AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins |
facilitate |
IAA efflux |
|
| salt stress |
inhibits |
auxin efflux carrier component 2 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AVB1, IFL, IFL1, REV, AT5G60690) |
regulates |
(ABR, PID, AT2G34650) |
|
| auxin accumulation in root vasculature |
is promoted by |
promoted shoot-to-root auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| controlled directional transport of auxin |
is mediated by |
PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers |
|
| auxin |
may generate |
directional flow through auxin canalization mechanism |
|
| NPA or TIBA in transport assays |
effectively blocks |
polar transport of [3H]IAA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) |
contributes to maintenance of |
auxin supply to meristems |
|
| salt stress |
inhibits |
transport of root auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| saturable IBA uptake |
suggests the existence of |
protein carriers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoids |
modulate |
auxin transport |
|
| deregulation of the phenolic pathway |
induces |
plant dwarfism |
|
| NPA or TIBA in transport assays |
does not block |
polar transport of [3H]IBA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCG36, ATABCG36, ATPDR8, PDR8, PEN3, AT1G59870) |
localizes to |
outer face of root epidermal cells |
|
| additional ABCG family members |
may function in |
short-distance IBA transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| unidentified IAA transporter |
is necessary to release |
IBA-derived IAA out of the peroxisome |
|
| rib1 mutants |
are |
IBA-resistant |
|
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) and (ABCB4, AtABCB4, ATPGP4, MDR4, PGP4, AT2G47000) |
mediate |
shootward auxin flows from the root apex |
|
| auxin movement out of the shoot meristem |
is dependent on |
(ABCB1, ATPGP1, PGP1, AT2G36910) |
|
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) /LAX transporters |
belong to |
amino acid permease family of plasma membrane H+-symporters |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) signal |
is slightly enhanced in |
(ATCHS, CHS, TT4, AT5G13930) |
|
| brassinosteroids |
promotes |
acropetal auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABR, PID, AT2G34650) |
regulates |
PIN localization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGC1-1, D6PK, AT5G55910) |
co-localizes with |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ABCG subfamily |
has |
full-sized members |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
is the primary mediator of |
polar auxin flows during organogenesis |
|
| PIN3a |
transcript level is enhanced in |
OsMED14_1 RNAi knockdown plants |
Oryza sativa |
| ALTERED RESPONSE TO GRAVITY 1 |
is recruited under ammonium to restore |
AUX1- and PIN3-mediated lateral auxin gradient in PR tip |
|
| establishment of subsets of polar domains by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) |
allows |
delivery and association of proteins like (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) with plasma membrane (PM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| length of fatty acids |
regulates |
PIN abundance at the plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| altered PIN abundance in chilling stress |
is associated with |
reduced auxin throughout the root meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| brassinosteroids (BRs) |
regulate |
auxin transport system |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| polar auxin transport inhibitors naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) |
decrease |
auxin transport |
|
| (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) |
does not act as efflux carrier for |
indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) |
|
| (ABCB19, ATABCB19, ATMDR1, ATMDR11, ATPGP19, MDR1, MDR11, PGP19, AT3G28860) |
acts as efflux carrier for |
indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) |
|
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
may play a role in |
rootward auxin transport in the root under some conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis (ABCB19, ATABCB19, ATMDR1, ATMDR11, ATPGP19, MDR1, MDR11, PGP19, AT3G28860) |
demonstrates auxin transport activity |
auxin transport activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene |
facilitated transport of |
auxin |
|
| inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5PTase) |
regulate post-transcriptionally |
plasma membrane-endosome recycling of auxin efflux carrier (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transported compound |
may be |
indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) |
|
| independent transport systems |
may avoid auxin responses during |
transport |
|
| recent studies of auxin transport |
may have extrapolated experimental data beyond |
limits of experimental systems |
|
| indirect and acropetal effect of auxin |
runs counter to |
basipetal movement of auxin down the main stem |
Pisum sativum; Phaseolus vulgaris |
| (AtMAPR5, ATMP1, MAPR5, MSBP1, AT5G52240) |
affects |
polar auxin transport |
|
| (LAX3, AT1G77690) (auxin influx carrier) |
expression is normal in |
rcd1-3; sro1-1 roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCG37, ATPDR9, PDR9, PIS1, AT3G53480) |
promotes |
IBA efflux |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATP-BINDING CASSETTE B19 MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-LIKE 1 ( (ABCB19, ATABCB19, ATMDR1, ATMDR11, ATPGP19, MDR1, MDR11, PGP19, AT3G28860) ) |
mutations in |
acropetal auxin transport in roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| asymmetric root growth (ARG) of fer-4 roots |
requires |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) and AUX1-mediated polar auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| IBA |
does not competitively inhibit |
[3H]IAA uptake when (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) is heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Xenopus laevis |
| (LAX3, AT1G77690) |
when heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes, competes with |
[3H]IAA uptake |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Xenopus laevis |
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) inability to transport IBA |
indicates that |
IAA and IBA influx are at least partially distinct |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
is localized in |
shoot |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1-naphthalene acetic acid (1-NAA) |
readily permeates |
cell membrane independently of auxin transporters |
|
| PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins such as (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) and (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
is reduced in |
elo/ (ELP, AT1G12090) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABR, PID, AT2G34650) /WAG and (AGC1-1, D6PK, AT5G55910) kinases |
are believed to interact with |
PIN proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CRL4 / OsGNOM1 |
encodes |
guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP-ribosylation factor |
Oryza sativa |
| (ABCB4, AtABCB4, ATPGP4, MDR4, PGP4, AT2G47000) |
functions in |
shootward auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoids |
may affect via inhibition of |
kinase activity |
|
| flavonoids |
may bind to allosteric site to disrupt |
auxin efflux carriers and transporters |
|
| physiological studies |
combined with |
molecular genetic studies |
|
| indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) |
remains intact during |
transport experiment timeframe |
|
| IAA and NAA |
are substrates of |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) effluxer |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCG37, ATPDR9, PDR9, PIS1, AT3G53480) |
localize to |
outer polar domain |
|
| PIN3b |
transcript level is enhanced in |
OsMED14_1 RNAi knockdown plants |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATCIPK6, CIPK6, SIP3, SNRK3.14, AT4G30960) |
is involved in |
stress-regulated auxin transport |
|
| NAA |
is not transported by |
(AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nitrate |
blocks |
auxin transport activity of (AtNPF6.3, ATNRT1, B-1, CHL1, CHL1-1, NPF6.3, NRT1, NRT1.1, AT1G12110) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| actin cytoskeleton |
has different effect on PIN localization compared to |
(AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin movement via plasmodesmata |
is |
understudied topic |
|
| RNA interference in transgenic plant of rice PIN-formed 1 (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
reduces |
crown roots |
Oryza sativa |
| (ABCB1, ATPGP1, PGP1, AT2G36910) /19 |
function primarily in |
maintenance of long-distance auxin transport streams |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| converter cell |
produces |
auxin flux |
|
| kinesin-separase complex (KISC) association with plasma membrane (PM) |
modulates |
polar domains of plasma membrane (PM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| kinesin-separase complex (KISC) |
promotes |
SFH8 polarization in meristematic/transition zone (distal meristem) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inositol |
is involved in |
auxin transport |
|
| (ABCG36, ATABCG36, ATPDR8, PDR8, PEN3, AT1G59870) root tips |
display wild-type |
[3H]IAA accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (LAX1, AT5G01240) and (LAX2, AT2G21050) |
exhibit decreased sequence similarity to |
(LAX3, AT1G77690) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| what we think we know about auxin transport |
may be based on |
assumptions and hypotheses that have not yet really been tested |
|
| OsMED14_1 knockdown plants |
exhibited enhanced expression of |
most PINs |
Oryza sativa |
| abiotic and biotic stress factors |
may modulate |
auxin transport |
|
| SEC FOURTEEN-HOMOLOG8 (SFH8) |
interacts with |
kinesin-separase complex (KISC) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
undergoes tightly regulated directional transport from |
one cell to another |
|
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
is localized on |
apical side of the cell |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cellular trafficking of PINs |
is regulated by |
distinct regulatory pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsPIN3t (putative auxin efflux carrier) |
is |
auxin efflux carrier |
Oryza sativa |
| auxin transporter genes |
showed strong correlation among |
clustering in principal component analysis |
Pisum sativum |
| cytoplasmic auxin concentration |
is already intrinsically low in |
root transition zone of +B plants |
Pisum sativum |
| aux1-7 mutants |
have |
defects in auxin influx |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shoot-derived auxin |
flows toward the root tip, facilitated by |
basally localized (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) in the stele |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| control of auxin efflux activity |
is considered in this review |
review of polar transport mechanisms |
|
| molecular mechanisms that regulate auxin transport at the cellular level |
is making significant progress |
research focused on understanding |
|
| ABA (abscisic acid) |
increased accumulation increases |
(AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) transcript abundance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCB19, ATABCB19, ATMDR1, ATMDR11, ATPGP19, MDR1, MDR11, PGP19, AT3G28860) |
does not act as efflux carrier for |
indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) |
|
| lateral root formation |
is dependent on |
rootward vascular auxin flows |
|
| (ABCB1, ATPGP1, PGP1, AT2G36910) /19 |
function in |
movement of auxin out of apical tissues |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) protein |
is apically localized (shootward) in |
lateral root cap cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| free IAA existing as IAA− |
requires |
carrier-facilitated transport to be effluxed from cells |
|
| loss of auxin transport |
phenocopies |
hypersusceptibility of axr1-12 and axr2-1 mutants to necrotrophic fungi |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (PP2A, AT1G69960) |
is antagonistic to |
(ABR, PID, AT2G34650) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| brassinosteroid (BR) stimulation of root gravitropic response |
occurs through enhancing |
polar auxin transport |
|
| auxin polar transport inhibitor NPA |
inhibited |
root elongation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| strigolactone (SL) mutants |
transport increased amounts of |
applied auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Pisum sativum; Petunia hybrida; Oryza sativa |
| genes implicated in active IAA release |
are highly expressed during |
17–21 DAF |
Brassica napus |
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) protein relocation in columella cells in response to gravistimulation |
mediates |
lateral auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
affects |
PIN protein distribution |
|
| loss-of-function of CRL4 / OsGNOM1 |
yields phenotype of |
no crown root |
Oryza sativa |
| rib1 mutants |
display altered |
indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) transport |
|
| combination of physiological, molecular genetic, biochemical, and cell biological studies |
will close |
gaps in understanding of plant growth involving auxin transport |
|
| kinesin-separase complex (KISC) |
associates with |
plasma membrane (PM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| anatomical block in PIN-mediated auxin transport |
results in |
higher auxin levels at the quiescent centre |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN proteins |
are localized in polar fashion |
plant cell membrane |
|
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) localization at lateral, distal, shootward and rootward faces of cortical cells |
mediates |
auxin movement toward outer tissues |
|
| ammonium-induced auxin diffusion |
bypasses |
auxin influx carrier (LAX3, AT1G77690) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| coordinated polar localization of PIN proteins |
establishes |
direction of auxin transport between neighbouring cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| temperature |
influences |
functioning of the plasma membrane together with activity and localization of auxin carriers |
|
| reduced abundance of (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) and (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) at the plasma membrane |
results in |
altered auxin distribution in the Arabidopsis root meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtCTL1, CHER1, CTL1, AT3G15380) mutant |
displays |
reduced abundance of (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) at the plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chilling stress |
affects |
abundance of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) at the plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) |
is localized in |
membrane facing the lateral root primordium (LRP) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| disruption of the intercellular auxin flow |
presumably causes |
strong auxin accumulation above the ablated cells |
|
| mobile auxin signal (in its indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or methylated form) |
can travel through |
transporter-dependent or independent pathways |
Medicago |
| (AVB1, IFL, IFL1, REV, AT5G60690) and (KAN, KAN1, AT5G16560) |
affects |
auxin transport |
|
| auxin |
is transported by |
PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers |
|
| IBA accumulation in excised root tips |
is unaltered in |
(AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| directional auxin transport |
is coordinated by |
AUXIN RESISTANT1/LIKE (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) ( /LAX) uptake permeases |
|
| auxin influx carrier family |
comprises |
(AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) and (LAX1, AT5G01240) (LAX2, AT2G21050) (LAX3, AT1G77690) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonoid biosynthetic mutants |
have been used to |
elucidate the role of endogenous flavonoids in auxin transport |
|
| repression of auxin influx carrier (LAX3, AT1G77690) by severe N deficiency |
blocks |
radial auxin import into adjacent cells overlying LR primordia |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (LAX3, AT1G77690) |
mediates |
auxin accumulation in cortical and epidermal cells |
|
| basipetal transport of auxin along the protophloem sieve element (PSE) strand |
is facilitated by |
PIN FORMED 1 (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) auxin efflux transporter |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
might generate |
directional flow through auxin canalization mechanism |
|
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) localization |
is controlled by |
establishment of plasma membrane (PM) polar domains via interaction between SEC FOURTEEN-HOMOLOG8 (SFH8) and kinesin-separase complex (KISC) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| apical 2.5 cm of stem |
was inverted in |
[3H]IAA solution for 24 h to allow auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCB19, ATABCB19, ATMDR1, ATMDR11, ATPGP19, MDR1, MDR11, PGP19, AT3G28860) |
is |
auxin transporter |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 2-naphthoxyacetic acid (2-NOA) |
is |
auxin influx inhibitor |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum |
| auxin distribution and auxin gradient formation |
is directed by |
AUXIN RESISTANT 1/LIKE AUXIN RESISTANT ( (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) /LAX) |
|
| auxin transport inhibitors |
require understanding of |
modes of action of particular auxin transport inhibitors |
|
| 2-NOA |
has no significant effect on |
accumulation of [3H]NAA |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| perception of pericycle-derived auxin in the endodermis |
induces |
auxin reflux from the endodermis into the pericycle |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nitrate transceptor (AtNPF6.3, ATNRT1, B-1, CHL1, CHL1-1, NPF6.3, NRT1, NRT1.1, AT1G12110) |
can transport |
auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin efflux carrier (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) |
transports |
auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) protein |
exhibits basal (rootward) localization in |
stele cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (KAN, KAN1, AT5G16560) |
regulates members of |
WAG gene family |
|
| (KAN, KAN1, AT5G16560) |
regulates members of |
NPY gene family |
|
| kinesin-separase complex (KISC) |
does not promote |
SFH8 polarization in core or proximal meristem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inhibition of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) cycling between endosomes and the plasma membrane |
does not alter |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) polarity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| class 1 ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) |
are involved in |
polar localization of PIN-FORMED (PIN) family auxin efflux facilitators |
|
| nitrate |
upregulates expression of |
auxin influx carrier (LAX3, AT1G77690) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| stable and/or fluctuating asymmetric distribution of auxin |
is primarily governed by |
PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs) |
|
| many IAA carriers |
do not transport |
IBA |
|
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
is unlikely to be |
IBA uptake carrier |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCG36, ATABCG36, ATPDR8, PDR8, PEN3, AT1G59870) |
is implicated in |
IBA efflux |
|
| root tips from the (ABCG37, ATPDR9, PDR9, PIS1, AT3G53480) mutant |
hyperaccumulate |
[3H]NPA |
|
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
does not act as influx carrier for |
indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) |
|
| ABCBs |
function in |
loading of auxin into transport streams |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonols |
inhibit the activity of |
plant ABCBs in tissues in which they are expressed in planta |
|
| 1-napthalene acetic acid (NAA) transport |
bypasses the necessity for |
(AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) function |
|
| PIN and MDR/PGP-mediated efflux of IAA together with passive diffusional influx |
is sufficient to account for |
intercellular directional flow of auxin required for normal growth and development |
|
| AGCVIII protein kinases |
control |
distribution of auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| severe nitrogen (N) deficiency |
represses |
auxin influx carrier (LAX3, AT1G77690) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (KAN, KAN1, AT5G16560) |
regulates |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
|
| removal of the root tip |
triggers |
strong auxin accumulation above the ablated cells |
|
| SEC FOURTEEN-HOMOLOG8 (SFH8) |
acts as |
KISC tether to plasma membrane (PM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) protein |
shows non-polar distribution in |
columella cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| chilling stress (4 °C for 12 h) |
induces |
altered formation of asymmetric auxin gradient |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (112A-2A, EMB30, GN, GNOM, MIZ2, VAN7, AT1G13980) |
preserves |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) trafficking activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings with membrane rigidifier DMSO |
was not found to affect |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) cycling |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
is start and end point for |
auxin flux |
|
| PIN proteins |
are markers for |
auxin efflux |
|
| (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) mutations |
impair |
polar auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin influx carriers |
are up-regulated in response to |
applied auxin |
|
| polar transport stream |
is located in |
xylem-associated parenchyma of the main stem |
|
| expression of (LAX3, AT1G77690) in rcd1-3; sro1-1 mutants |
did not significantly change |
(LAX3, AT1G77690) expression level |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| localized iron (Fe) supply |
upregulates expression of |
auxin influx carrier (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABCB19, ATABCB19, ATMDR1, ATMDR11, ATPGP19, MDR1, MDR11, PGP19, AT3G28860) mutant |
exhibits |
reduced basipetal auxin transport |
|
| mobile signal, probably auxin |
is transported to |
elongating cells of the root |
Zea mays |
| Al 3+ |
induced |
similar increase in expression of (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) and (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inhibition of auxin transport |
leads to reduced auxin polar flow along inflorescence stems and hypocotyls, which is associated with |
increased chlorophyll content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN phosphorylation status |
regulates |
PIN polar localization |
|
| (ABR, PID, AT2G34650) (ENP, MAB4, NPY1, AT4G31820) pathway |
influences |
PIN localization |
|
| polar auxin transport |
is mediated by |
plasma membrane-localized auxin efflux carrier proteins (PINs) |
|
| Al 3+ interaction with auxin signalling pathways |
possibly targets |
auxin polar transport systems |
|
| AUXIN RESISTANT 1 (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
facilitates |
polar auxin delivery to the root apex |
|
| auxin transport capacity theory |
was renamed as |
canalization hypothesis |
|
| 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) |
inhibits |
Ntann12 expression |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| polarity of auxin transport |
was confirmed by |
placing stems upright, rather than inverting apical end into [3H]IAA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) and NPA (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) |
have been suggested to interact with |
different target proteins |
|
| (ATFKBP42, FKBP42, TWD1, UCU2, AT3G21640) |
is involved in |
auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN proteins |
are |
auxin efflux carriers |
|
| aberrant (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) localization |
results in |
altered auxin distribution |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| organization and integrity of the plasma membrane |
influences |
subcellular trafficking of PIN proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin transport-related genes OsPIN1-9 |
show no significant difference in expression in |
OE2 and Ri1 plants treated with or without (ATPEP1, PEP1, PROPEP1, AT5G64900) compared with WT |
Oryza sativa |
| auxin gradients |
are formed and maintained by |
directional redistribution of auxin by auxin transporters |
|
| transcription of PIN genes |
is affected in |
tissue- and dose-dependent manner |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMAPR5, ATMP1, MAPR5, MSBP1, AT5G52240) |
affects |
(AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
|
| relationship between actin organization and auxin transport |
is not simple |
mechanistic understanding |
|
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) and (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
play critical roles in |
mobilizing auxin [indoleacetic acid (IAA)] between root apical cells and cells in the elongation zone |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| aux1-7 mutant |
shows less sensitivity to |
Al 3+ |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TIBA |
is |
inhibitor of auxin transport |
|
| bud |
must export auxin into |
main stem |
|
| max mutants |
are associated with increased |
auxin transport capacity in the main stem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin influx carrier protein encoded by AB517658 |
is distinct from |
first isoform isolated from carnation cuttings |
|
| other transporters |
may play a role in |
auxin transport under these circumstances |
Oryza sativa |
| low phosphate (LP) conditions |
significantly increase expression of |
PIN1d gene |
Oryza sativa |
| auxin-influx carrier (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) and auxin-efflux transporters PINs and PGP/MDR |
regulate |
auxin delivery |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Al 3+ -induced ethylene |
targets |
(AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin overproduction in the QC (quiescent centre) |
resulted in discovery of |
auxin reflux loop in the root tip |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| aluminum (Al) inhibitory effect on auxin transport |
is associated with |
Al-blocked PIN2-mediated auxin polar transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
shows decreased protein levels in |
(AtELP2, ELP2, AT1G49540) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PINOID |
partially colocalizes with |
PINs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AVB1, IFL, IFL1, REV, AT5G60690) |
regulates members of |
NPY gene family |
|
| membrane lipid composition |
regulates |
PIN abundance at the plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) trafficking activity |
depends greatly on |
membrane lipid composition |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin efflux carriers |
are up-regulated in response to |
applied auxin |
|
| MAX pathway |
affects |
auxin transport capacity in stem |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pp2aa1 (PDF1, PP2AA2, PR 65, AT3G25800) double mutant |
shows altered |
(ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) localization in proximal initials and root meristem cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) gene |
encodes |
transmembrane protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| triple mutant (AtPLT1, PLT1, AT3G20840) 2 3 |
shows reduced or no expression of |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nph4aux1-201 double mutants |
are presumed to be defective in |
auxin influx |
|
| ethylene |
inhibits |
polar auxin transport |
|
| auxin moving down the stem |
is not transported into |
buds |
|
| (ABR, PID, AT2G34650) mutant phenotype |
implies |
PID's role in auxin transport or signaling |
|
| (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) and (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) cycling |
is important for |
PIN protein functions |
|
| (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
encodes |
auxin efflux carrier protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin transport in the polar transport stream |
is |
strictly basipetal |
|
| vesicular trafficking |
is important for |
polarization of auxin transporters |
|
| Al 3+ |
stimulates auxin polar transport by |
up-regulating (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) and (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| expression of (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) in rcd1-3; sro1-1 mutants |
did not significantly change |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) expression level |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| polar auxin transport |
is mediated primarily by |
PIN genes |
|
| PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins |
exhibit |
asymmetric plasma membrane localization |
|
| polar auxin transport (PAT) |
is specific for |
active free auxins |
|
| strigolactones |
reduce |
basipetal transport of auxin |
|
| concerted action of PIN proteins |
concentrates auxin in |
quiescent center (QC) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| drp1 mutants |
reveal requirement for DRP1 function in |
correct PIN distribution |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) protein accumulation |
is inconsistent in |
stele of rcd1-3; sro1-1 roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NPA |
is |
inhibitor of auxin transport |
|
| (ABR, PID, AT2G34650) mutant |
phenocopies |
(ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) mutants |
|
| candidate genes for the regulation of lateral root growth |
include those for |
auxin transport, RAU1 and RAU4 |
Oryza sativa |
| absence of normal (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) function |
causes |
diffusional influx of auxin apparently not strong enough to counter efflux carrier action |
|
| changes in transcript levels |
are consistent with |
increased transport capacity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
is encoded by |
LAX gene family |
|
| more auxin moving in the stems of max mutants |
is greater in |
wild-type plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings |
transferred to |
fresh MS medium supplemented with 0.1 μM NPA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| flavonols quercetin and kaempferol |
can displace |
synthetic auxin transport inhibitors |
|
| vesicular trafficking |
regulates |
polarized subcellular distribution of PIN proteins |
|
| natural death in root tip cells |
blocks |
auxin transport |
|
| high cytokinin signaling in the procambial cells adjacent to xylem identity cells |
promotes expression of |
PIN-FORMED1 (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) and (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) functionality |
increases ratio of |
total auxin influx (passive and AUX1-mediated) to efflux |
|
| limiting auxin transport capacity in the main stem |
indirectly limits |
ability of axillary buds to establish a canalized auxin efflux stream out of the bud |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| active communication across the stem |
suggests some |
radial movement of auxin |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin |
regulates |
PIN localization |
|
| (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) protein |
accumulates in apolar manner in |
columella cells of rcd1-3; sro1-1 roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| non-growing end-poles (cross-walls) |
secrete auxin via |
endosomal vesicle trafficking |
Zea mays |
| (LACS2, LRD2, AT1G49430) mutant |
produces more lateral roots in presence of |
2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Enhanced Membrane Steroid Binding Protein 1 (AtMAPR5, ATMP1, MAPR5, MSBP1, AT5G52240) |
does not affect |
polar localization of (AGR, AGR1, ATPIN2, EIR1, MM31, PIN2, WAV6, AT5G57090) |
|
| strigolactones |
act by damping |
auxin transport |
|
| function of several ABCB transporters in stem |
could be related to |
polar auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings grown in presence of auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid |
display |
no hook |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| change in IAA level during the development of the tobacco zygote and embryo |
analysed by |
IAA immunolocalization |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
is up-regulated in roots after auxin application |
root tissue |
|
| rearrangements of PIN polarity |
re-route |
local auxin fluxes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MSBP1-deficient seedlings |
are significantly more sensitive to |
BFA inhibition of root and hypocotyl elongation |
|
| NH4+ |
may inhibit |
IAA distribution |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) (auxin efflux carrier) |
is expressed at normal levels in |
rcd1-3; sro1-1 roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Clade I |
contains |
best-characterized auxin-export ABC transporters |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PINOID/WAGs |
phosphorylates |
PIN-FORMED efflux carriers |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| shootward auxin transport |
eliminates auxin from |
lateral root (LR) primordia and young LRs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| kinesin-separase complex (KISC) |
comprises |
EXTRA SPINDLE POLES (ESP) and three Kinesin 7 (KIN7) homologs (KIN7.1, KIN7.3, and KIN7.5) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN proteins |
are |
integral components of the plasma membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) protein |
exhibits basal (rootward) localization in |
stele cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PIN protein family |
functions as |
auxin efflux carriers |
|
| auxin |
induces expression of |
members of the PIN gene family |
|
| max mutants |
have increased expression of |
auxin transporter genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ethylene |
may negatively impact lateral root formation by |
altering IAA transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| main stem |
acts as sink for |
auxin |
|
| auxin import and export carriers of Arabidopsis |
are inhibited by |
TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) and NPA (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PINs |
are |
auxin efflux carriers |
|
| PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs) |
have |
coordinated asymmetric (polar) subcellular localization |
|
| actin dynamics |
regulates |
PIN abundance and/or polarity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ABCB/PGP proteins |
participate in |
cell-to-cell auxin transport |
|
| decreased expression of (ATPIN1, PIN1, AT1G73590) (ATPIN3, PIN3, AT1G70940) (ATPIN4, PIN4, AT2G01420) (ATPIN7, PIN7, AT1G23080) and (ABCB19, ATABCB19, ATMDR1, ATMDR11, ATPGP19, MDR1, MDR11, PGP19, AT3G28860) |
indicates |
less auxin transported from stele tissue to root apex |
|
| polar positioning of plasma membrane-localized PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers |
directs |
polar cell to cell auxin transport |
|
| (ECH, AT1G09330) |
is |
ECHIDNA |
|
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
represents a new allele of |
(AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ABA3, ACI2, ATABA3, AtLOS5, GIN5, LOS5, SIR3, AT1G16540) mutant |
produces more lateral roots in presence of |
2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| relationship between actin organization and auxin transport |
is far from being understood |
complete mechanistic understanding |
|
| PINOID (ABR, PID, AT2G34650) mutations |
impair |
polar auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin-regulated LAX genes |
are up-regulated in |
root tissue |
|
| (AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) |
is |
auxin transporter |
|
| (AtMAPR5, ATMP1, MAPR5, MSBP1, AT5G52240) |
affects |
auxin efflux carriers |
|
| (AXR4, RGR, RGR1, AT1G54990) |
is correctly localized in |
rcd1-3; sro1-1 roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| abcb14-1 mutants |
had significantly reduced polar auxin transport that was about |
half of wild-type transport levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NOA |
acts at |
(AtAUX1, AUX1, MAP1, PIR1, WAV5, AT2G38120) influx carrier proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| auxin-deficient phenotypes |
can be caused by |
mutations affecting auxin transport |
|
| (HY5, TED 5, AT5G11260) mutant |
has |
increased auxin transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| IAA |
is transported to |
root |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtMAPR5, ATMP1, MAPR5, MSBP1, AT5G52240) |
regulates |
gravitropic response |
|
| (AtMAPR5, ATMP1, MAPR5, MSBP1, AT5G52240) |
is proposed to enhance |
gravitropic responses |
|