| GFP-MoAtg8 in P131 cultured in MM-N starvation condition for 2.5 h |
was delivered into |
vacuole as a symbol of autophagy events |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| vacuolar delivery of autophagosomes |
results in |
breakdown of GFP-Atg8 into free GFP |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| deubiquitination of autophagy-related protein Atg8 |
impacts |
autophagy process |
Fusarium graminearum |
| enhancing autophagy |
affected |
fungal development |
|
| small GTPase FgRab7 |
directly regulates |
(APG9, ATAPG9, ATG9, AT2G31260) trafficking |
Fusarium graminearum |
| GFP-MoAtg8 localization in cytoplasm in Δ Moemc5 and Δ Moemc2 |
suggests that |
autophagy did not occur in these two mutants |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| transcriptional factor Gln3 |
regulates nonselective autophagy by targeting promoter region of |
(APG9, ATAPG9, ATG9, AT2G31260) |
|
| environmental stressors that restrict metabolic capacity (nutrient-starvation, low-light, and the high-temperature treatment which increased metabolic rate and resource demand) |
stimulate an up-regulation of |
genes and pathways associated with the breakdown of macromolecules (autophagy and the lysosome) |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| enhancing autophagy |
affected |
virulence |
|
| yeast proteins Sec12 and (ATVPS52, POK, TTD8, VPS52, AT1G71270) |
are essential for |
autophagosome formation via regulation of yeast (APG9, ATAPG9, ATG9, AT2G31260) trafficking |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| yeast proteins Sec7 and Sec2 |
are essential for |
autophagosome formation via regulation of yeast (APG9, ATAPG9, ATG9, AT2G31260) trafficking |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| impaired autophagy |
results in |
reduced appressorium pressure |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (UBP15, AT1G17110) |
has as substrate |
autophagy-related protein ATG8 |
Fusarium graminearum |
| conidium |
undergoes |
autophagy |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| Δ Moemc5 mutant insensitivity to rapamycin |
suggests that |
contribution of Emc5 to autophagy is not related to (TOR, AT1G50030) signaling pathway |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| (APG9, ATAPG9, ATG9, AT2G31260) |
is required for |
autophagy |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| Δ Moemc5 and Δ Moemc2 strains |
strongly affects steady-state protein level of |
membrane protein Atg9-GFP |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| transcriptional factor Gln3 |
regulates nonselective autophagy by targeting promoter region of |
ATG8 |
|
| MpPUB9-Citrine and DsRed-AtATG8e |
were also colocalized |
autophagy-related structures |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| MoEmc5 and MoEmc2 |
are important in |
autophagy during appressoria formation and in starvation conditions |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| autophagy |
was delayed in |
PH-1::GFP-Atg8 K35R and PH-1::GFP-Atg8 K69R mutants |
Fusarium graminearum |
| p62 |
recruits |
ATG8 |
|
| lateral root (LR) defect in ark2-1/pub9-1 double mutants |
could be result of |
defective autophagy process in this mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagic machinery |
is needed for |
degradation of lipid droplets in vacuoles |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| cerulenin |
might be |
valuable tool with which to dissect retrograde signaling from the plastid to the nucleus and to identify selective substrates of autophagy in chloroplast-stressed cells |
Chlamydomonas |
| transcriptional factor (RPH1, AT2G48070) |
regulates nonselective autophagy by targeting promoter region of |
(APG7, ATAPG7, ATATG7, ATG7, PEUP4, AT5G45900) |
|
| EMC complex |
is a direct regulator of |
autophagy |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| deletion of the histone acetyltransferase (BGT, GCN5, HAC3, HAG01, HAG1, HAT1, AT3G54610) |
caused |
reduced acetylation level of Atg8 |
Fusarium graminearum |
| MpEXO70.1 |
colocalizes with |
(ATATG8E, ATG8E, AT2G45170) |
Marchantia polymorpha; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (UBP15, AT1G17110) |
negatively regulates |
autophagy in F. graminearum |
Fusarium graminearum |
| transcriptional factor Ume6 |
regulates nonselective autophagy by targeting promoter region of |
(APG9, ATAPG9, ATG9, AT2G31260) |
|
| Ubp15-mediated deubiquitination of Atg8 |
is required for |
the localization of Atg8 and the proper autophagy process in F. graminearum |
Fusarium graminearum |
| ATG8 |
played critical roles in controlling |
major steps of autophagy |
|
| MpPUB9 localization in autophagy-related structures |
possibly regulated by |
plant EXO70 paralogs |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| ATG8-interacting motif in EXO70 proteins |
supports |
idea that the functions of EXO70 paralogs may be connected to autophagy regulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PB1CP |
may utilize |
PAMP-inducible interaction with (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) through C-terminus |
|
| deubiquitination of Atg8 |
influences |
localization of Atg8 |
Fusarium graminearum |
| (ATPUB9, PUB9, AT3G07360) and (ARK2, AtARK2, RK2, AT1G65800) coexpressed with ATG8 |
complete colocalization of |
(ATPUB9, PUB9, AT3G07360) and ATG8 on punctate subcellular compartments |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| (ATPUB9, PUB9, AT3G07360) |
localizes to autophagic bodies after |
phosphate starvation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| orthologs of yeast core ATGs |
are found in |
plant species |
|
| phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (ATVPS34, PI3K, VPS34, AT1G60490) |
is known to play major role in |
autophagosome formation |
|
| autophagy |
is important for |
cell survival in extended darkness |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| stress |
increases |
autophagic degradation activity |
|
| (ATATG3, ATG3, AT5G61500) (APG7, ATAPG7, ATATG7, ATG7, PEUP4, AT5G45900) and ATG8 proteins |
are involved in |
expansion and completion of autophagosome |
Chlamydomonas |
| autophagy-related protein5 (APG5, ATATG5, ATG5, AT5G17290) and (APG8A, ATG8A, AT4G21980) |
are essential for |
N and carbon remobilization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagosomes in protoplasts |
are observed during |
autophagy in dark-induced leaf senescence |
Hordeum vulgare |
| vacuolar-processing enzyme 2c (VPE2c) |
is less upregulated with level increasing 1.2-fold on day 3, 1.75-fold on day 7 and 1.15-fold on day 10 of |
dark-induced leaf senescence |
Hordeum vulgare |
| autophagy level |
could be quantitatively measured by |
comparing free GFP with the total of free GFP and GFP-Atg8 in immunoblots |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| EMC |
is |
direct modulator in autophagosome formation |
|
| recombinant rACBP3 |
plays crucial roles in |
PE-related autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| human EMC6 |
directly interacts with |
(ATRAB-F2A, ATRAB5A, ATRABF2A, RAB-F2A, RAB5A, RABF2A, RHA1, AT5G45130) |
Homo sapiens |
| autophagosome-vacuole pathway |
is |
transport pathway in the endomembrane system |
|
| autophagy |
maintains |
cellular homeostasis |
|
| ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (UBP15, AT1G17110) |
is involved in the deubiquitination of |
ATG8 |
Fusarium graminearum |
| EXO70.2 subgroup |
has roles in |
autophagy |
|
| transcriptional factor Gln3 |
regulates nonselective autophagy by targeting promoter region of |
(APG7, ATAPG7, ATATG7, ATG7, PEUP4, AT5G45900) |
|
| fungal autophagy |
modulates |
host plasma membrane dynamics at the BIC |
Magnaporthe oryzae; Oryza sativa |
| autophagosomes |
were not detected in |
starved mycelium vacuoles of Δ Moemc5 and Δ Moemc2 |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| Atg9-containing compartments |
are |
source of membranes for formation and/or expansion of autophagosomes |
|
| Arabidopsis exocyst subunit (ATEXO70B2, EXO70B2, AT1G07000) |
was transported to |
vacuole |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PB1CP |
might function as |
autophagy cargo receptor for (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) |
|
| PB1CP-mediated relocalization of (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) |
may also involve |
autophagy |
|
| genes adjacent to active LTR-REs |
are enriched in pathways of |
autophagy |
Phyllostachys edulis |
| MpPUB9-mediated turnover of MpEXO70.1 |
modulates under |
high-salt conditions |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| Several genes involved in the autophagy process |
were down-regulated |
T411 line |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| chloroplast integrity |
is linked to |
autophagy |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| monodansylcadaverine |
is used to stain |
autophagosomes |
|
| GFP-Atg8 labeled autophagosomes in conidia and appressoria of WT P131 |
contain much more than |
autophagosomes in Δ Moemc5 and Δ Moemc2 |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| Arabidopsis exocyst subunit (ATEXO70B2, EXO70B2, AT1G07000) |
interacted with |
AtATG8 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| number of punctate structures after ConcA treatment and Pi/Suc starvation |
dramatically increased |
in ConcA-treated and Pi/Suc-starved root cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Magnaporthe oryzae endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex (EMC) |
regulates biogenesis of membrane proteins for |
autophagy |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| autophagy |
might be impaired in |
Δ Moemc5 and Δ Moemc2 |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| overexpression of PB1CP |
may enhance |
endocytosis and degradation of (ATRBOHD, DELT1, RBOHD, AT5G47910) |
|
| PrxQA localization pattern in stromules |
suggests |
transport of damaged PrxQA through stromules to autophagic vesicles |
Physcomitrella patens |
| photodamaged chloroplasts |
are subjected to |
chlorophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy |
can acquire degradation substrates |
either selectively or randomly |
|
| (ATG13B, AT3G18770) |
is |
induced in Haberlea rhodopensis during darkness |
Haberlea rhodopensis |
| autophagy |
is |
evolutionarily conserved major pathway |
|
| autophagy |
can be |
highly selective autophagy |
|
| ATG genes from the core autophagy machinery |
is up-regulated when |
Chlamydomonas cells are exposed to different stress conditions |
Chlamydomonas |
| vacuolar-processing enzyme alpha (αVPE) |
is more highly upregulated from 1.8-fold on day 3 to 3.1-fold on day 10 of |
dark-induced leaf senescence |
Hordeum vulgare |
| turnover of macromolecules via selective autophagy |
may contribute to |
nutrient recycling |
Hordeum vulgare |
| coexpression analysis using ATTED-II microarray data |
suggested that coexpression network is related to |
autophagy, para-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process, and nuclear mRNA splicing via spliceosome |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy |
importance in nutrient recycling has been demonstrated in |
Arabidopsis, maize, and rice |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Zea mays; Oryza sativa |
| autophagy |
is |
important aspect of class III (ATVPS34, PI3K, VPS34, AT1G60490) signaling |
|
| (TOR, AT1G50030) and autophagy and protein degradation connection |
is being gathered for in |
plants |
|
| core ATGs |
are required for |
formation of autophagosomal membranes |
|
| Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (ATVPS34, PI3K, VPS34, AT1G60490) signaling |
is connected to |
starvation-induced autophagy |
|
| proteaphagy |
is one of |
selective autophagy |
|
| autophagic degradation |
eliminates |
toxic components |
|
| ATG8 binding to phosphatidylethanolamine |
is |
key step in autophagosome formation |
|
| ATG8 protein |
is strongly up-regulated following |
FAS inhibition |
Chlamydomonas |
| recycled cell contents |
provide |
amino acids |
|
| cerulenin-treated cells |
show increased mRNA levels of |
ATG12 gene |
Chlamydomonas |
| cerulenin |
blocks |
activation of autophagy by nitrogen starvation |
yeast |
| cerulenin-treated cells and ClpP-depleted cells |
both activate |
chloroplast stress response and autophagy |
Chlamydomonas |
| core ATGs (ATG1–ATG10, ATG12–ATG14, (atg16, AT5G50230) and ATG18) |
are |
essential for all types of autophagy |
|
| double membrane structure |
forms |
autophagosome |
|
| plastid lipid bodies |
are engulfed by |
autophagosome-like structures |
Micrasterias denticulata |
| interaction between Arabidopsis Receptor Kinase2 (ARK2, AtARK2, RK2, AT1G65800) and Arabidopsis U box/armadillo repeat-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase9 (ATPUB9, PUB9, AT3G07360) |
results in accumulation of |
Arabidopsis U box/armadillo repeat-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase9 (ATPUB9, PUB9, AT3G07360) in autophagosomes |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| punctate structures |
are identified as |
autophagic bodies |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagic protein degradation genes |
was |
mid-reverse down-regulated rather than early-reverse |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| cerulenin-treated cells |
showed induction of |
autophagy pathway |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| autophagy |
is also activated in |
C. reinhardtii under stress conditions and in the presence of ROS |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| (ATATG18D, ATG18D, AT3G56440) |
is |
induced in Haberlea rhodopensis during darkness |
Haberlea rhodopensis |
| autophagic degradation |
recycles |
cell contents |
|
| (AtDPE1, DPE1, AT5G64860) (MEX1, RCP1, AT5G17520) double mutant |
exhibits |
autophagy-like chloroplast degradation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| measured increase in F0 |
could be |
consequence of autophagic process |
|
| punctate structures |
are |
lytic compartments or autophagosomes |
|
| construct expressing GFP-ATG8 fusion protein |
allows visualization of |
ATG8-labeled autophagosomal structures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATRAPTOR1B, RAPTOR1, RAPTOR1B, AT3G08850) and TOR-repressed lines |
show significantly higher fluorescence levels from |
autophagosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant autophagy processes |
involves |
mega-autophagy pathway |
|
| chloroplasts |
could be selectively degraded via |
autophagy |
|
| tapetal cells of ms33-6038 anthers |
had more and larger vacuoles from stages 7–8b and showed severe vacuolization; early and excessive autophagy then occurred at stage 9 |
ms33-6038 anthers |
Zea mays |
| (ATPUB9, PUB9, AT3G07360) in root epidermal cells of transgenic -1::GFP- plants |
localizes to |
punctate structures in vacuole under starvation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pexophagy |
is one of |
selective autophagy |
|
| repression of the essential chloroplast gene (CLPP1, PCLPP, ATCG00670) |
activates |
autophagy |
Chlamydomonas |
| concanamycin A (ConcA) |
blocks |
vacuolar degradation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (APG7, ATAPG7, ATATG7, ATG7, PEUP4, AT5G45900) overexpression |
stimulates |
autophagic flux |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATG proteins |
is essential for |
autophagosome formation |
|
| level of autophagy-related proteins (APG5, ATATG5, ATG5, AT5G17290) and (APG8A, ATG8A, AT4G21980) |
were increased in |
old leaves of N-limited (ATXDH1, XDH1, AT4G34890) mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| turnover of macromolecules via selective autophagy |
may contribute to |
clearance of damaged structures during DILS |
Hordeum vulgare |
| autophagosomes |
are used for |
bulk degradation of cellular organelles |
|
| autophagy |
provides |
alternative energy source |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| TAG accumulation |
was observed in |
atg mutant lines |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ConcA treatment |
increases abundance of |
RPL37 protein |
Chlamydomonas |
| microautophagy |
initiated soon after |
senescence induction |
Hordeum vulgare |
| autophagy |
can be induced by |
nutrient limitation |
|
| reduced GUS staining in ark2-1/pub9-1 lines |
could be result of |
defective autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATG8 |
is |
structural component of autophagosomal membrane |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy |
provides |
alternative nitrogen source |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| coexpression analysis using Genevestigator mRNAseq data |
suggested that genes are putatively involved in |
autophagy, protein targeting to vacuole, and vesicle-mediated transport |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| recycled cell contents |
promote |
cell survival |
|
| (PSS1, AT3G59640) |
is coregulated with |
(APG8A, ATG8A, AT4G21980) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATEXO70B1, EXO70B1, AT5G58430) |
functions in |
autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lack of (ARK2, AtARK2, RK2, AT1G65800) and (ATPUB9, PUB9, AT3G07360) proteins |
could block |
autophagy under phosphate-starved conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| class III (ATVPS34, PI3K, VPS34, AT1G60490) |
is essential for |
selective autophagic processes, such as lipophagy |
Homo sapiens |
| high starch phenotype |
has been associated with |
decreased autophagic flux in PI3K-silenced Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of chloroplast integrity |
leads to |
enhanced autophagy |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| stromules |
are discussed as structures supporting |
autophagy of plastid material |
|
| reduction in auxin accumulation in lateral roots after 3-MA treatment |
suggests |
role for autophagy in controlling auxin accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATG8 lipidation pattern |
suggests |
induction of autophagy under normal growth and starvation |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| (ATRAPTOR1B, RAPTOR1, RAPTOR1B, AT3G08850) background |
shows |
induction of autophagosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagic degradation |
eliminates |
damaged components |
|
| recycled cell contents |
promote |
cell homeostasis |
|
| activation of autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways |
suggests |
FAS inhibition caused substantial damage in the chloroplast that must be contained to prevent cell death |
Chlamydomonas |
| 15 ATG genes |
are required for |
autophagosome formation and autophagy regulation |
|
| constitutive autophagy |
clears away |
damaged cytosolic material |
|
| cerulenin treatment |
results in detection of |
lipidated ATG8 |
Chlamydomonas |
| mature trichome branch |
contains |
putative autophagosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy |
is regulated by |
targets of rapamycin (TOR, AT1G50030) pathway |
|
| protein aggregate formation |
triggers |
induction of autophagy |
|
| (APG5, ATATG5, ATG5, AT5G17290) |
forms conjugate with |
ATG12 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATATG10, ATG10, AT3G07525) mutant |
was obtained from |
Richard Vierstra |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy machinery components including (ATVPS34, PI3K, VPS34, AT1G60490) |
are required for |
tolerance to salt stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagic bodies |
colocalizes with |
markers for lytic compartments |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ARK2, AtARK2, RK2, AT1G65800) interaction with (ATPUB9, PUB9, AT3G07360) |
results in |
localization of (ATPUB9, PUB9, AT3G07360) to autophagosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (TOR, AT1G50030) |
is a repressor of |
autophagy |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| ATG8 lipidation state |
is monitored to assess |
autophagy activation |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| macro-autophagy |
is related to maintaining |
normal cellular function |
|
| Arabidopsis (ATWRKY33, WRKY33, AT2G38470) |
is linked to |
autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATG13, ATG14, and ATG17 proteins |
are involved in |
formation of autophagosomal precursor structures |
Chlamydomonas |
| stress conditions that cause photooxidative damage of the chloroplast |
trigger |
autophagy |
Chlamydomonas |
| selective chloroplast degradation via autophagy |
serves |
quality control function |
|
| whole chloroplasts |
can be degraded inside |
lytic vacuoles |
|
| nutrient starvation |
induces transiently |
autophagy genes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C3G |
naturally inhibit |
autophagosome breakdown |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| nine genes (five types) encoding proteins that interact with ATG8 protein |
were upregulated in |
ms33-6038 anthers at stages 8a–9 |
Zea mays |
| vacuolar alkalanization |
may inhibit |
normal dissolution of autophagic bodies |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| FL2-OE, CsLPAT2-OE or WT embryos |
show no obvious |
autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagic mechanism |
participates significantly in capacity of NRSBs to become |
AVIs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy pathway |
functions in |
control of 26S proteasome abundance |
|
| (ATATG6, AtBECLIN1, ATG6, BECLIN1, VPS30, AT3G61710) |
requires activity of de-ubiquitinating enzymes for maintenance of |
steady-state levels |
Mammalia |
| ccz1a1b mutant plants |
shows no autophagic bodies detected after |
autophagy induction |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy |
can also act as |
cytoprotective mechanism to limit the spread of HR |
|
| (ATMC1, AtMCP1b, ATMCPB1, LOL3, MC1, MCP1b, AT1G02170) |
acts in parallel to |
autophagy in positively regulating pathogen-triggered HR in young plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NRSB |
could correspond to |
autophagic bodies |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AVIs |
continue to be subjected to |
autophagic body breakdown |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATG5–ATG12 conjugation |
is essential for |
formation of sequestering vesicles |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcriptional activation of autophagy |
leads to |
release and catabolism of amino acids |
|
| MeHSP90.9 |
interacts with |
MeATG8b |
Manihot esculenta |
| MeRAR1 |
interacts with |
MeATG12 |
Manihot esculenta |
| particular flavonoid/anthocyanin |
may induce |
autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MeATG12 overexpression |
promotes formation of |
autophagosomes |
Manihot esculenta |
| autophagy |
participates in |
NRSB formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| alkaline vacuolar pH |
would inhibit |
release of free GFP |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ESCRT machineries |
are implicated in |
early and late steps during autophagic flux |
|
| ZmMC1 and ZmMC2 |
partially co-localized with |
autophagic marker (APG8A, ATG8A, AT4G21980) |
Zea mays; Nicotiana benthamiana |
| prolonged starvation |
brings about breakdown of |
proteins in newly formed lysosomes |
|
| PexRD54 effector |
directs |
autophagic vesicles |
Phytophthora infestans |
| atg mutants |
display lower numbers of |
Anthocyanic Vacuolar Inclusions (AVIs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tomato HsfA1 |
induces |
autophagy |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| MeRAR1 |
promotes |
monodansylcadaverine (MDC)-stained autophagosomes |
Manihot esculenta |
| EXPO (exocyst-positive organelle) |
is distinct from |
autophagosomes |
|
| MeATG12 |
promotes |
monodansylcadaverine (MDC)-stained autophagosomes |
Manihot esculenta |
| atg7-1 mutant |
does not significantly alter |
number of NRSBs and AVIs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| treatment of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells with rapamycin |
induces |
cell structures reminiscent of autophagosomes |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| autophagy |
is often triggered by |
ROS |
|
| MeATG8b overexpression |
promotes formation of |
autophagosomes |
Manihot esculenta |
| ATGs (Autophagy-related proteins) |
are involved in |
autophagy |
|
| 29 autophagy-related genes |
were upregulated in |
mutant anthers |
Zea mays |
| singlet oxygen (1O2) |
has ability to initiate |
cellular degradation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (TOR, AT1G50030) pathway |
has not yet established direct connection with |
autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (TOR, AT1G50030) (target of rapamycin) pathway |
regulates |
autophagy |
|
| concanamycin A |
is |
attenuator of autophagic bodies breakdown |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy |
is promoted by |
AuTophaGy-related (ATG) signaling |
|
| Golgi apparatus ARM, ARM13 |
functions in |
autophagy process |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy process |
is initiated by |
formation of the autophagosome |
|
| autophagic proteins |
are involved in |
membrane sequestration |
|
| network biology algorithms |
include |
genomics |
|
| systematical modular analysis of the Arabidopsis proteome |
identified |
autophagy-related candidate proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagosomes |
were highly accumulated in |
cytoplasm of root cells under NH4+ −Suc conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagic flux inhibition |
is independent of |
sucrose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MCs |
have been shown to be related with |
autophagy |
|
| endomembrane machineries |
have functional roles in |
autophagy pathway |
plants |
| Avh195 |
encodes |
potential SLiM |
Phytophthora parasitica |
| autophagic bodies |
could coalesce and result in |
AVIs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Atg candidates in ARM13 |
are functionally similar to |
core ATG proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| atg mutants |
interfere with |
autophagic process |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| loss of ZmMs33 function |
caused |
early and excessive autophagy |
Zea mays |
| upregulation of 29 autophagy-related genes in mutant anthers |
consistent with |
severe autophagy phenotypes observed in mutant tapetal cells since stage 9 |
Zea mays |
| MeHSP90.9 |
interacts with |
MeATG8c |
Manihot esculenta |
| MeATG8b |
promotes |
monodansylcadaverine (MDC)-stained autophagosomes |
Manihot esculenta |
| (ATATG6, AtBECLIN1, ATG6, BECLIN1, VPS30, AT3G61710) |
is essential for |
autophagosome formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagic process |
is upregulated in response to |
wide variety of abiotic and biotic stresses |
|
| NH4+ -fed plants |
shows sharply reduced number of autophagic bodies compared to |
NO3− -fed plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATG8 and (ATEXO70E2, EXO70E2, AT5G61010) |
accumulate in |
vacuole upon autophagy induction |
|
| P. infestans effector PexRD54 |
outcompetes binding of |
host cargo receptor Joka2 |
Phytophthora infestans |
| increase in number of punctate structures after phosphate starvation |
indicates |
occurrence of basal autophagy under normal conditions, elevated on starvation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| phosphorylation of (ATPUB9, PUB9, AT3G07360) by (ARK2, AtARK2, RK2, AT1G65800) |
resulted in formation of |
punctate structures in 40% of cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy |
is discussed in context of |
adaptive response to prolonged darkness |
Haberlea rhodopensis |
| amiR_TOR lines |
show clear increase in |
autophagosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| endoplasmic reticulum stress |
activates |
autophagy |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| microautophagy |
involves |
tonoplast invagination |
|
| MeATG8e overexpression |
promotes formation of |
autophagosomes |
Manihot esculenta |
| silencing of mcII-Pa |
dramatically decreases |
number of autophagosomes |
Picea abies |
| autophagy in plants |
is important during growth under |
nitrogen-limiting conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy |
controls |
heat shock protein 21 (HSP21, AT4G27670) abundance during thermomemory phase |
|
| autophagic bodies |
are broken down by |
vacuolar resident hydrolases |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy-related protein (ATATG6, AtBECLIN1, ATG6, BECLIN1, VPS30, AT3G61710) |
is a subunit of |
core autophagic machinery |
|
| MeRAR1-silenced cassava plants |
exhibit significantly less |
autophagosomes |
Manihot esculenta |
| known Atg proteins |
is used to identify |
autophagy-related modules (ARMs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy-related (Atg) proteins and regulators |
interact with |
lipid components and other membrane trafficking-related complexes |
|
| information on the global organization of the plant autophagy system |
is |
relatively little |
|
| autophagy |
degrades |
cytoplasmic components |
|
| hydrolytic enzymes |
participate in |
autophagic body breakdown |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| candidates with annotated functions in different abiotic stresses or development stages in ARMs |
raise hypothesis that distinct machinery may function in |
autophagosome biogenesis upon environmental changes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy |
suggesting a dual role, acting as either |
pro-death or pro-survival process |
|
| earlier evidence |
suggests |
causal relationship between stromule and (AtECB1, ECB1, MRL7, PDE333, RCB, SVR4, AT4G28590) formation |
|
| MeSGT1 |
promotes |
monodansylcadaverine (MDC)-stained autophagosomes |
Manihot esculenta |
| (AGD1, VAL1, AT5G61980) and (ATSEC14, SEC14, AT4G39180) |
provides evidence for |
cross-talk between intracellular pathways and autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagic bodies |
are degraded in |
vacuolar lumen |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| protein breakdown in lysosomes |
regenerates |
amino acid pools |
|
| (AtHsp90-7, AtHsp90.7, HSP90, HSP90.7, SHD, AT4G24190) and (ATFKBP62, FKBP62, ROF1, AT3G25230) protein stability during recovery phase |
are regulated through |
selective autophagic degradation mediated by (AtNBR1, NBR1, AT4G24690) |
|
| autophagosome biogenesis |
is driven by |
autophagy-related (Atg) proteins and regulators |
|
| proteins in ARM13 |
significantly overrepresented in |
pathway of Autophagy-other and Gene Ontology biological processes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATATG6, AtBECLIN1, ATG6, BECLIN1, VPS30, AT3G61710) |
shows colocalization with |
Atg8 as punctate structure |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lack of prediction tools for extracting sequence and molecular features of Atg proteins |
is a main reason for |
limited development of algorithms for autophagy prediction |
|
| topological network approach |
should be a potentially successful strategy to |
identify new Atg proteins |
|
| autophagic proteins |
are involved in |
initiation |
|
| computational framework |
has potential to facilitate identification of |
novel autophagy proteins |
|
| increased stromule formation in leaf pavement cells and other non-mesophyll cells of (GLES1, TGD5, AT1G27695) suba1 |
is associated with |
autophagy (particularly the (AtECB1, ECB1, MRL7, PDE333, RCB, SVR4, AT4G28590) pathway) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased stromule formation in leaf pavement cells and other non-mesophyll cells of (GLES1, TGD5, AT1G27695) suba1 |
currently has no evidence linking to |
autophagy in these non-mesophyll cells of the (GLES1, TGD5, AT1G27695) suba1 mutants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| potato ATG8C-Like |
has similarities to |
Arabidopsis (ATG8C, AT1G62040) |
Solanum tuberosum; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagosome membrane |
origin remains |
elusive |
|
| autophagic degradation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) |
could participate in |
reversion of cellular proteome to pre-stress state |
|
| (AKIN10, KIN10, SnRK1, SnRK1α1, SNRK1.1, AT3G01090) |
may induce |
early and excessive autophagy |
Zea mays |
| autophagic pathway |
can be enhanced by |
cellular stresses |
|
| stromal CFP-containing particles |
resembled |
Rubisco-containing bodies (RCBs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy adaptors |
are responsible for |
selective cargo sorting |
|
| DRWIRL motif region |
is classified as |
ligand binding motif (LIG_LIR_Gen_1) |
Phytophthora parasitica |
| computational framework |
has facilitated the identification and characterization of |
plant-specific autophagy-related proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AGD1, VAL1, AT5G61980) and (ATSEC14, SEC14, AT4G39180) localization |
suggest |
localization at autophagic structures |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| inhibition of macroautophagy and induction of microautophagy |
appear to be |
relevant physiological mechanism underlying the ammonium (NH4+) sensitivity response |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Rubisco-containing bodies (RCBs) |
are eventually delivered to the vacuole via |
macroautophagic pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| KCl-treated cells |
exhibit |
degradation of organelles by autophagy |
Micrasterias denticulata |
| autophagy core machinery and regulators |
play central roles in |
autophagy process |
|
| connection between micro- and macroautophagy |
has not yet been fully elucidated |
|
|
| PexRD54 |
perturbs |
host-selective autophagy |
Solanum tuberosum; Solanum lycopersicum |
| ubiquitination system and autophagy |
increasing understanding on relationship between |
higher plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RCB-mediated autophagy |
is activated under |
energy-starved conditions |
|
| P. infestans effector PexRD54 |
may manipulate |
direction of ATG8-labelled autophagosomes to plant-host interface |
Phytophthora infestans |
| Phytophthora parasitica Avh195 effector |
facilitates association with |
host autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8) |
Phytophthora parasitica |
| motif Asp-Trp-Glu-Ile-Val (DWEIV) |
is classified as |
ligand binding SLiM (LIG_LIR_Gen_1) |
Phytophthora infestans |
| ARM8 and ARM12 |
function as |
response to starvation stimulus |
|
| autophagic process |
is upregulated during |
leaf senescence |
|
| alkaline vacuolar pH |
would inhibit |
activity of proteases and hydrolases responsible for GFP-ATG8a degradation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| suba1 vacuole-enclosed lipid droplets surrounded by cytosolic constituents |
indicate |
lipid droplets present within vacuolar lumen due to autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P. infestans effector PexRD54 |
stimulates |
autophagic flux |
Phytophthora infestans |
| Phytophthora parasitica RxLR effector Avh195 |
interacts with |
ATG8 |
Phytophthora parasitica |
| MeSGT1-silenced cassava plants |
exhibit significantly less |
autophagosomes |
Manihot esculenta |
| integration of autophagy-related genes into modules |
offers opportunities to |
study PPIs with functional and machinery significance |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| VPS41-coated VAPVs |
fuse with tonoplast independently of |
HOPS |
|
| autophagy induction |
causes |
(ATVAM2, ATVPS41, VAM2, VPS41, ZIP2, AT1G08190) condensates to associate with membranes |
Arabidopsis |
| aggregated molecules of Z-variant of human α-1 proteinase inhibitor |
reach |
vacuole |
|
| (APG5, ATATG5, ATG5, AT5G17290) /GFP-ATG8a plants |
shows no differences in |
GFP-ATG8a degradation among different growth conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| conventional membrane trafficking machinery |
is involved in |
macroautophagy pathway in plants |
|
| vacuolar cell death |
is associated with |
enhanced autophagy |
Picea abies |
| formation of ATG8-marked autophagosome |
eliminates |
molecules implicated in defense |
Phytophthora infestans |
| multiple pathways for chloroplast degradation by autophagy |
have been characterized |
|
|
| systems-level algorithm |
discovered |
previously uncharacterized novel candidates for Atg proteins or regulators |
|
| ARM1, ARM2, ARM3 and ARM4 |
are involved in |
process utilizing autophagic mechanism |
|
| (AGD1, VAL1, AT5G61980) and (ATSEC14, SEC14, AT4G39180) colocalization with (APG8H, ATG8I, AT3G15580) |
suggest |
functional diversity for plant Atg8 superfamily |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARM8 |
function in |
response to starvation stimulus |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| subversion of host autophagy by plant bacterial leaf pathogen |
involves promoting degradation of |
key autophagy component |
|
| autophagosomes |
fuse with vacuole for |
degradation |
|
| findings |
provided strong hints for |
cross-talk between autophagy pathway and other cellular processes |
|
| (RAB, RBE, AT5G06070) small GTPases |
are implicated in |
early and late steps during autophagic flux |
|
| CCZ1-MON1 module |
participates in |
late events of the macroautophagic process |
|
| yeast AUTOPHAGY (ATG) protein system |
has orthologs in |
Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis ATG genes |
confirmed presence of |
autophagy in plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| vanadate |
has been shown to inhibit |
autophagy in yeast |
|
| E3 ligase activity of XopL |
is important to |
suppress host autophagic activity |
|
| MeATG8e |
promotes |
monodansylcadaverine (MDC)-stained autophagosomes |
Manihot esculenta |
| autophagic proteins |
are involved in |
vacuolar fusion for degradation |
|
| ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy |
form interconnected quality control network to achieve |
cellular quality control |
Mammalia |
| late steps of macroautophagy |
were hypothesized to be impaired under |
NH4+ toxicity conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy in plants |
is important during |
senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| MeHSP90.9 overexpression |
promotes formation of |
autophagosomes |
Manihot esculenta |
| ccz1a1b mutant plants expressing GFP-ATG8a |
shows accumulation of autophagosomes in |
root cells even in control conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ZmMC1 and ZmMC2 |
were co-localized with |
AtATG8a at the punctate dots |
Zea mays |
| plant viruses |
leverage |
selective autophagy |
|
| autophagy-defective (ATG4, CHLG, G4, PDE325, AT3G51820) mutants |
do not display |
Rubisco-containing bodies (RCBs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy pathway |
is suggested to play a role in |
chloroplast degradation |
|
| (ATSEC14, SEC14, AT4G39180) |
experimentally validated as candidate in |
regulation of autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| putative lipid droplets (or oil bodies) |
appeared to be engulfed by |
vacuole |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATG8 (autophagy-related protein 8) |
labels |
autophagosomes |
|
| T-DNA (APG7, ATAPG7, ATATG7, ATG7, PEUP4, AT5G45900) allele in SALK_057605 |
can be used to test |
role of autophagy in the lesion-mimic phenotype of (AT-SYR1, ATSYP121, ATSYR1, PEN1, SYP121, SYR1, AT3G11820) (ATSYP122, SYP122, AT3G52400) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| lts1-204 mutant cytoplasm |
contained |
autophagous vacuoles containing dark material |
|
| (ATVAM2, ATVPS41, VAM2, VPS41, ZIP2, AT1G08190) |
relocates from |
cytoplasmic condensates to phagophores |
|
| absence of large number of proteins involved in PSI and PSII |
could be related to |
autophagy process |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| microautophagy |
involves invagination of |
vacuolar membrane |
|
| low selectivity of proteolysis in autophagy |
results in |
chlorophagy pathway non-selectively transported all photosystem proteins from the chloroplasts to the vacuole |
|
| γ-secretase subunits |
could be somehow connected to |
autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATATG18F, ATG18F, G18F, AT5G54730) |
was upregulated in |
Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to nitrogen starvation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| large numbers of membrane-containing vacuoles in lts1-204 |
may arise as consequence of |
attempt to recycle thylakoid components |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| MeRAR1 |
interacts with |
MeATG8c |
Manihot esculenta |
| protein subcellular localization |
is used to identify |
autophagy-related modules (ARMs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| network biology algorithms including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and lipidomics |
contribute to enhancing |
understanding of autophagy |
|
| autophagy-related candidate proteins |
closely interact with |
core autophagic machinery |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ARM1 |
function in |
process utilizing autophagic mechanism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy |
is enhanced in response to |
nitrogen deficiency |
|
| CCZ1-MON1 complex |
has conserved role in |
macroautophagic flux in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATVAM2, ATVPS41, VAM2, VPS41, ZIP2, AT1G08190) |
mediates |
VAPV fusion with the tonoplast |
Arabidopsis |
| Rubisco vesicular bodies (RVBs) |
might be formed as part of |
autophagasitic process |
|
| control seedlings expressing free GFP |
showed neither |
GFP-fluorescing bodies in vicinity of root vascular system |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| mutant alleles of (ATATG3, ATG3, AT5G61500) (SALK_031693) and (ATATG6, AtBECLIN1, ATG6, BECLIN1, VPS30, AT3G61710) (SALK_051168) |
were introduced into |
syp121–1 syp122–1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GFP–AtAtg8-containing structures in root vascular vicinity |
are distinct in size and dynamic movement from |
GFP–AtAtg8-containing autophagosome-resembling structures in root epidermis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GFP–AtAtg8f-HA expression under 35S promoter |
improves |
growth of plants under light-limiting conditions |
|
| autophagic/vacuolar-like cell death |
may display |
nuclear degradation |
|
| autophagy |
has role in |
housekeeping functions related to oxidative stress |
vascular plants |
| early steps of the autophagic flux |
were not remarkably impaired by |
NH4+ toxicity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtNBR1, NBR1, AT4G24690) (Next-to-BRCA1) |
acts as receptor for |
selective autophagy of ribosomes (ribophagy) |
|
| potential SLiM in Avh195 |
is crucial in |
manipulating host autophagy |
Phytophthora parasitica |
| autophagy genes (ATGs) |
have been identified in |
a variety of organisms |
|
| lts1-204 mutant strain |
accumulated |
cytoplasmic compartments that appeared to be autophagous vacuoles filled with membranous material |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| autophagy |
often occurs in |
cells, tissues, or organs directly dependent on an external source of assimilates |
|
| module clustering and functional analysis |
led to selection of |
four protein members in ARM13 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Two proteins in ARM13 |
are |
known Atg proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy pathway |
is suggested to play a role in |
nutrient remobilization |
|
| (ATATG18F, ATG18F, G18F, AT5G54730) |
was upregulated in |
Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to sucrose |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| knockout mutants in autophagy-associated genes |
render plants more sensitive to |
sugar starvation |
|
| stress-induced non-specific autophagasitic pathways of protein degradation |
have been described |
in plants |
|
| atg knockout mutants |
are more sensitive to |
short-day photoperiod |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| organelles |
are degenerated and enclosed by |
membraneous structures probably derived from the ER |
|
| macroautophagy |
is enhanced under |
nitrogen starvation and salt stress |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| p35S::mCherry-YFP-NBR1 transgenic line |
expresses |
mCherry-YFP-NBR1 fusion protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATG8 (autophagy-related protein 8) |
functions in |
biogenesis of starvation-induced autophagosomes |
|
| limiting carbon levels |
stimulate |
autophagy |
|
| actin polymerization |
could be involved in |
trafficking of autophagosomes to lytic compartment |
|
| Arabidopsis (GRL, LPL3, NAP1, NAPP, AT2G35110) mutant |
is defective in autophagy |
as a result is more susceptible to |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased autophagy marker levels and lipidated ATG8 |
is characteristic of |
mutants defective in autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| limiting nitrogen levels |
stimulate |
autophagy |
|
| cytokinin-induced GFP–AtAtg8f-containing structures near vascular system |
may contain |
specific proteins targeted for degradation by autophagy |
|
| ATG8 proteins |
are incorporated into |
autophagosome-resembling structures inside vacuoles |
|
| autophagy |
is indicated by |
enclosure of organelles by ER-derived double membranes |
Micrasterias denticulata |
| constitutive autophagy machinery |
cross-reacts with |
novel cellular processes |
|
| autophagic/vacuolar-like cell death |
is characterized by absence of |
leakage of the intracellular content |
|
| autophagy |
has been known for some time to be |
important for nutrient remobilization during leaf senescence |
vascular plants |
| macroautophagy pathway |
does not function in |
(APG5, ATATG5, ATG5, AT5G17290) leaves |
|
| mutants in some genes involved in autophagy |
displayed similar phenotypes to those described in |
(ATVTI12, VTI12, VTI1B, AT1G26670) and (ATPS1, PS1, AT1G34355) (PS2, AT2G29900) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy |
occurs in response to |
nutrient starvation |
|
| yeast (AtCCME, ATG1, G1, AT3G51790) |
is essential for |
cytosol to vacuole pathway and autophagy |
|
| prolonged salt stress (24 h) |
leads to |
degradation of organelles by autophagy |
Micrasterias denticulata |
| autophagy-defective (APG5, ATATG5, ATG5, AT5G17290) mutants |
do not display |
Rubisco-containing bodies (RCBs) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| absence of Rubisco-containing bodies (RCBs) in (ATG4, CHLG, G4, PDE325, AT3G51820) and (APG5, ATATG5, ATG5, AT5G17290) mutants |
indicates |
direct involvement of macroautophagy in degradation of Rubisco during leaf senescence |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATATG18F, ATG18F, G18F, AT5G54730) |
was highly upregulated in |
senescent SN leaves |
Hordeum vulgare |
| autophagosomes |
sequester |
cytoplasmic constituents |
|
| autophagic trafficking |
facilitates |
selective clearance of toxic or redundant structures |
|
| cell culture of sycamore |
shows |
autophagy |
Acer pseudoplatanus |
| (APG7, ATAPG7, ATATG7, ATG7, PEUP4, AT5G45900) |
is |
non-redundant gene |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATG8 |
at later stage is recruited to |
phagophore |
|
| (BZR1, AT1G75080) degradation mechanism |
involves |
autophagy |
|
| NBR1-labeled punctae |
increase after ConA treatment in |
wild type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagic receptors |
may bind |
K63-Ub chains |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATG8 |
is |
central protein of autophagy |
|
| tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Atg8 |
is suggested to be involved in |
transport of protein aggregates containing cytochrome b5 to the vacuole |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| interactions between different organelles and lytic compartments |
demonstrated in |
Micrasterias |
Micrasterias |
| salt stress (200 mM KCl) |
results in |
double membrane autophagosomes |
Micrasterias |
| salt stress (200 mM NaCl) |
results in |
autophagy by enclosure of organelles |
Micrasterias |
| ER surrounding organelles |
leads to |
double membrane enclosures of organelles |
Micrasterias |
| eukaryotes |
contain |
autophagy-associated Atg8 proteins |
|
| autophagy-associated Atg8 proteins |
have multiple functions associated with |
cancer |
|
| NaCl-treated cells |
exhibit |
degradation of organelles by autophagy |
Micrasterias denticulata |
| transcriptional factor (RPH1, AT2G48070) |
regulates nonselective autophagy by targeting promoter region of |
(APG9, ATAPG9, ATG9, AT2G31260) |
|
| transcriptional factor Pho23 |
regulates nonselective autophagy by targeting promoter region of |
ATG14 |
|
| LC3 and Atg8 |
can be used as |
reliable marker for detecting the initiation and progression of autophagy |
|
| proportion of free GFP in Δ Moemc5 and Δ Moemc2 |
was significantly lower than |
proportion of free GFP in P131 after starvation treatment |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| yeast retromer complex |
is essential for |
autophagosome formation via regulation of yeast (APG9, ATAPG9, ATG9, AT2G31260) trafficking |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| 21 EXO70 proteins |
possess |
ATG8-interacting motif |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Botrytis-infected wild-type plants |
showed induced autophagosome formation detectable in |
lesion areas |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NAP1-GFP-labeled autophagosomes |
form when plants grown in medium containing |
high concentrations of NaCl (160 mM) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagosomes |
are internalized and become |
degraded |
|
| ConA treatment for 8 h |
causes accumulation of |
YFP-ATG8A-positive autophagic bodies in vacuoles |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Magnaporthe oryzae MoSnt2 |
regulates autophagy via |
(TOR, AT1G50030) signaling pathway |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| MpPUB9 colocalization with Arabidopsis EXO70 paralogs within autophagy-related structures |
suggest that |
MpPUB9 colocalizes with Arabidopsis EXO70 paralogs within autophagy-related structures, where MpPUB9 is peripherally associated with the cytoplasmic faces of these structures |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| all three liverwort EXO70 isoforms |
possess |
ATG8-interacting motif |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| autophagy |
leads to |
degradation of ubiquitinated plasma membrane proteins in vacuoles |
|
| (APG9, ATAPG9, ATG9, AT2G31260) overexpression in mutant Δ Moemc5 |
can partially restore |
autophagy level of Δ Moemc5 |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| colocalization of MpPUB9 with Arabidopsis EXO70 paralogs and autophagy marker |
imply that |
MpPUB9 may be localized in autophagy-related structures |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| autophagy-mediated recruitment to the vacuole of EXO70 |
may also be involved in |
degradation of MpEXO70.1 in intact plant cells |
Marchantia polymorpha |
| autophagy |
enables recycling of |
macromolecules |
|
| merged localization pattern between (ATATG8E, ATG8E, AT2G45170) and MpEXO70.1 |
was detected |
|
Marchantia polymorpha; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Rubisco-containing bodies (RCBs) |
are transported to |
central vacuole |
|
| genes showing highly increased expression during senescence of SN leaves |
include |
two genes homologous to the genes encoding autophagy-associated proteins (APG7, ATAPG7, ATATG7, ATG7, PEUP4, AT5G45900) and (ATATG18F, ATG18F, G18F, AT5G54730) in Arabidopsis |
Hordeum vulgare; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| clear colocalization of AtPEN-2 with large vesicular structures marked with AtATG8 fluorescence |
was observed in approximately |
80% of cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| one gene among the 93 upregulated genes |
was |
barley orthologue of the Arabidopsis autophagy-related gene ATG8 |
Hordeum vulgare; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy |
accomplishes |
protein degradation |
Hordeum vulgare |
| atg knockout mutants |
are more sensitive to |
nitrogen starvation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| RCBs |
act in |
chloroplastic autophagy |
|
| (AtNBR1, NBR1, AT4G24690) |
co-immunoprecipitates with |
K63-Ub chain-specific sensor |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy-related pathways |
appeared as |
predominantly up-regulated categories for protein degradation |
Hordeum vulgare |
| KO mutants of SCAR/WAVE and (ARP2, ATARP2, WRM, AT3G27000) /3 complex components |
is more susceptible to |
nitrogen starvation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATG8 |
is |
commonly used marker for autophagosomes |
|
| GFP-UBC35 transport into vacuole |
is strongly impaired in |
autophagy-deficient atg7-3 background |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATSRA1, KLK, LPL2, PIR, PIR121, PIRP, SRA1, AT5G18410) mutant |
shows |
reduced autophagosome formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ratio of GFP-ATG8 to free GFP |
is an indicator of |
autophagic activity |
|
| cytoskeleton |
provides force for |
membrane deformation |
|
| Arabidopsis thaliana atg5-1 mutant |
is |
loss-of-function mutant |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| membrane traffic-related proteins |
involvement in regulation of autophagy is poorly documented in |
plants |
|
| (ATATG18F, ATG18F, G18F, AT5G54730) |
was reproducibly upregulated specifically in |
leaves undergoing nitrogen remobilization |
Hordeum vulgare |
| exacerbated defects conferred by overexpression of (ATPEX5, EMB2790, PEX5, AT5G56290) in pex6-2 |
are consistent with |
possibility that pexophagy is heightened in these mutants when (ATPEX5, EMB2790, PEX5, AT5G56290) is overexpressed |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| leaf-wounding |
induced |
autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagosome-resembling structures |
are delivered to |
vacuoles |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cotyledons grown in vitro on medium without sucrose (−S) |
did not show |
autophagy caused by sugar starvation |
Lupinus luteus; Lupinus albus; Lupinus mutabilis |
| clear colocalization of AtPEN-2 with large vesicular structures marked with AtATG8 fluorescence |
indicates that |
AtPEN-2 is localized to autophagosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (APG7, ATAPG7, ATATG7, ATG7, PEUP4, AT5G45900) |
was highly upregulated in |
senescent SN leaves |
Hordeum vulgare |
| membrane trafficking |
mediates delivery of |
cellular content to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation |
|
| macroautophagy |
is |
dynamic catabolic process |
|
| reducing (TAP46, AT5G53000) expression by RNAi |
leads to |
induction of autophage |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Autophagy-related protein8 (ATG8) gene |
did not show differential expression in |
T411 line |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| metal toxicity |
activates |
autophagy |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| autophagy |
plays a role in |
nutrient remobilization |
|
| (ATRAPTOR1B, RAPTOR1, RAPTOR1B, AT3G08850) mutation |
leads to induction of |
autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| recycled cell contents |
provide |
fatty acids |
|
| autophagy |
was prominent at each stage of |
dark-induced leaf senescence (DILS) |
Hordeum vulgare |
| Vacuolar protein sorting15 (AtVPS15, MTV11, VPS15, AT4G29380) |
is |
regulatory subunit of (ATVPS34, PI3K, VPS34, AT1G60490) |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| (APG5, ATATG5, ATG5, AT5G17290) overexpression |
stimulates |
autophagic flux |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| concanamycin A (ConcA) |
prevents degradation of |
ribosomal proteins (RPS6, AT5G46470) and RPL37 |
Chlamydomonas |
| activation of autophagy by photooxidative stress |
has been connected to |
generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) |
Chlamydomonas |
| autophagy-related proteins |
regulate |
autophagy |
|
| (GRL, LPL3, NAP1, NAPP, AT2G35110) mutant |
during N starvation shows formation of autophagosomes prevented |
autophagosome formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| K63 ubiquitination |
may participate in |
autophagy |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ATG8 |
localizes to similar compartments on |
ConcA treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| selective autophagic processes such as lipophagy and starch degradation |
were not activated in |
T411 mutant |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| stress |
activates |
autophagy |
|
| oxidative stress |
activates |
autophagy |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| advanced dark-induced leaf senescence (DILS) |
involves enhanced expression of |
autophagy proteins |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (APG9, ATAPG9, ATG9, AT2G31260) |
is |
sole membrane-associated autophagy protein |
Magnaporthe oryzae |
| human EMC6 |
is |
autophagy regulator |
Homo sapiens |
| TIR-NB-LRR protein |
subsequently induces |
autophagy |
|
| (ATEDS1, EDS1, AT3G48090) |
does not function as general regulator of |
autophagy pathway |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| eight SNAREs |
bind |
ATG8 |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| (AtPUX7, PUX7, AT1G14570) |
contains |
sole UIM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (APG12, ATATG12, ATG12A, AT1G54210) |
required the LDS for binding to |
ATG8 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ER-localized co-chaperone (ATBAG7, BAG7, AT5G62390) |
is |
novel ATG8-interacting protein |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Ataxin (ATXN)-3 |
possesses |
at least two predicted UIMs |
Homo sapiens |
| CB-5083 |
stimulates the autophagic turnover of |
YFP-CDC48a |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NAP1-labeled autophagosomes |
formed either upon |
oxidative stress induced by H2O2 |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| Arabidopsis plants harboring GFP-ATG8 construct |
grown in medium without nitrogen form |
large numbers of autophagosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| impaired autophagy pathway |
results in |
plant development and root growth affected more severely |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| constant pressure |
can induce |
(GRL, LPL3, NAP1, NAPP, AT2G35110) to localize to autophagosomes |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| GFP:ATG8a autophagy marker |
is visualized in |
overlying cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| autophagy |
contributes |
essential ATP under stress in all known eukaryotes |
|
| specific autophagy markers in Chlamydomonas |
has been fundamental to |
investigation of autophagy |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation |
regulates |
autophagy |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| increased remobilization from older leaves |
is indicated by |
enhancement of autophagy-related protein5 (APG5, ATATG5, ATG5, AT5G17290) and (APG8A, ATG8A, AT4G21980) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plastid stromules |
may enable |
protein degradation by subjecting vesicles of plastid material to autophagy |
Physcomitrella patens |
| reducing (TAP46, AT5G53000) expression by virus-induced gene silencing |
leads to |
induction of autophage |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transcript abundance of many autophagy-associated genes |
decreased significantly |
T411 line |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| amiR_RAPTOR1B lines |
show strong increase in |
autophagosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| amiR_RAPTOR1A lines |
show rarely detectable |
MDC-labeled autophagosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cerulenin treatment |
decreases levels of |
(RPS6, AT5G46470) protein |
Chlamydomonas |
| NAP1-GFP-labeled puncta |
are |
autophagosomes |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| ATG8 |
is inserted into |
growing phagophore |
|
| (AtNBR1, NBR1, AT4G24690) |
is |
canonical autophagy receptor |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| anti-NAP1 |
identifies |
autophagosomes |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hydrogen peroxide |
triggers |
formation of autophagosomes |
|
| DNP treatment |
induced |
autophagosome formation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtNBR1, NBR1, AT4G24690) co-immunoprecipitation with K63-Ub chain-specific sensor |
is increased after |
autophagy activation with dithiothreitol (DTT) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |