| DEGs overlapping with CHH-DMRs |
demonstrated additional connections to |
protein turnover, carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism, self-incompatibility system and regulation of gene expression |
Fragaria vesca |
| amino acid metabolism |
is strongly linked to |
microbial growth and development |
|
| Arabidopsis thaliana accessions |
measured for |
total amino acid content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| significant changes in profile of free amino acids |
could impact |
final proteinogenic amino acid composition |
Glycine max |
| AtME2 events |
show more pronounced effect on |
aspartate family amino acids reduction |
Glycine max |
| shaded Posidonia australis leaves |
were correlated with |
amino acids (l-pyroglutamate, l-aspartate, l-threonine, serine) |
Posidonia australis |
| Halodule uninervis T5 samples under 'Combined' treatment |
were correlated with |
pyroglutamate (amino acid) |
Halodule uninervis |
| repartitioning of carbon from aspartate to pyruvate family |
was more pronounced in |
AtME2 events |
Glycine max |
| enhanced total seed lipid levels |
affects |
free amino acids |
Glycine max |
| heating during marine heatwave under future warming conditions |
caused increase in |
l-isoleucine |
Posidonia australis |
| proportion of pyruvate-derived and phosphorylated intermediate-derived amino acids |
had increased at the expense of |
aspartate family in both AtME2 and AtME4 by R6 |
Glycine max |
| sulfide treatment |
increased |
amino acid content in plants under NPC |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| branched-chain amino acid degradation |
is part of |
d-ESR (diatom common environmental stress response) |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| osers1 mutant |
had |
2.44 times the level of Glu compared with wild type |
Oryza sativa |
| cluster 3 |
is significantly enriched in |
amino acids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C3 scion glutamate (Glu) concentration |
is reduced when supplied by |
C4 stock |
Flaveria robusta; Flaveria bidentis |
| branched-chain amino acid leucine |
was elevated significantly by R7 in |
AtME4 events |
Glycine max |
| plants with suppressed photorespiration |
show |
decrease in amino acid content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sulfide treatment |
had enhancement effect on |
Gly : Ser ratio |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increased leucine in the AtME4 events |
indicated |
available pyruvate supplies inside the plastid |
Glycine max |
| Halodule uninervis leaves harvested after 6 wk of shade (T4) |
were correlated with |
amino acids (l-valine, l-alanine, l-proline) |
Halodule uninervis |
| amino acid levels |
were altered |
seed composition |
Glycine max |
| AtME2 events |
maintained elevated level of |
alanine |
Glycine max |
| aspartate |
has been identified as |
metabolic hub in plants |
|
| Ala:glyoxylate aminotransferase3 (AGT3, AT2G38400) |
was significantly up-regulated by |
submergence stress in Arabidopsis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| enhancing organellar malic enzyme |
impacted |
amino acid distributions |
Glycine max |
| NR-reverse amino acid metabolism categories |
covers |
Serine (Ser) biosynthesis |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| serine (Ser) concentration in C3/C3 homografts |
shows reversed allocation pattern compared to |
C4/C4 homografts |
Flaveria robusta |
| complex, photosynthesis type-dependent interplay of shoot and root |
is involved in |
Ser homeostasis |
Flaveria |
| regulation of Ser homeostasis |
is potentially under the control of |
stock tissue |
Flaveria |
| (AOX1A, ATAOX1A, AtHSR3, HSR3, AT3G22370) mutants treated with antimycin A |
show no significant changes in levels of |
alanine |
|
| depression of aspartate levels |
led to |
overall depression of entire aspartate family |
Glycine max |
| exogenous sulfide |
increases |
amino acid content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| amino acids (l-alanine, l-valine, l-isoleucine, l-proline) |
were significantly higher in |
Halodule uninervis leaves kept under 'Shade' and 'Combined' treatments |
Halodule uninervis |
| increases in pyruvate-derived and decreases in aspartate-derived amino acids |
were maintained to |
maturity |
Glycine max |
| amino acid aspartate |
significantly increased in |
Posidonia australis leaves exposed to 'Shade' treatment |
Posidonia australis |
| aspartate family of free amino acids |
accounted for |
over 58% of total free amino acids in WT at R5 |
Glycine max |
| Posidonia australis leaves collected after 3-wk exposure to +1.5°C under light deprivation (T2) |
were correlated with |
amino acid l-proline |
Posidonia australis |
| phosphorylated intermediate family |
comprised |
17.5% of total free amino acids in WT at R5 |
Glycine max |
| T3 samples of Posidonia australis during the first week of simulated MHW |
showed largest variation driven by |
amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-alanine, l-valine, phenylalanine, putrescine) |
Posidonia australis |
| relative abundance of the 'amino acid metabolism' module |
increases in |
acidic soils |
|
| Gly : Ser ratio |
decreases dramatically in |
plants under nonphotorespiration |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increases in alanine |
accounted for |
largest proportional change in AtME2 |
Glycine max |
| Plants cosilenced for both aminotransferases |
showed |
clearly increased levels of both threonine (approximately 2-fold) and isoleucine (approximately 3-fold) |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| Amino acids in Haberlea rhodopensis leaves |
increase in abundance |
during extended darkness |
Haberlea rhodopensis |
| methionine (Met) concentration |
was reduced by about 8- to 30-fold in |
transgenic plants |
Hordeum vulgare |
| cytosol- and mitochondria-localized GluRS, OsERS1 |
affects |
amino acid-derived metabolism |
Oryza sativa |
| key amino acids |
accumulated in leaves during DP conditions |
darkened plant (DP) leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glutamate family |
comprised |
21% of total free amino acids in WT at R5 |
Glycine max |
| (IDH-I, IDH1, AT4G35260) mutant |
shows altered levels of |
Asp |
|
| Asp family pathway |
has metabolic connection with |
tricarboxylic acid cycle |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| E. coli K12 strain |
cannot grow in medium with |
glutamate as sole carbon and nitrogen source |
Escherichia coli |
| barley leaves infected with B. graminis |
showed highly increased |
Gln-Glu ratio |
Hordeum vulgare |
| aspartate aminotransferase (AAT, ATAAT, MEE17, PAT, AT2G22250) |
catalyzes |
reversible transamination between glutamate and oxaloacetate |
|
| high spermidine (Spd) content |
exhibits strong effects on |
amino acid metabolism |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Cluster 3 metabolites |
increase in abundance in |
entire plant darkening (DP) conditions but not in IDL or control conditions |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| many amino acids in DP leaves |
accumulated |
20- to 100-fold in DP when compared with light samples |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arg and (TRP, AT3G56390) in IDL samples at 6-day darkening at T1 |
show 20% enrichment while |
pool of these metabolites was not detectable in light samples |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (CAT2, AT4G35090) mutant |
shows increased |
glycine |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Plants silenced for NbAsp5 or NbAsp5/NbPAT |
showed |
dramatically increased lysine levels |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| tryptophan (Trp) |
belongs to |
aromatic amino acids |
higher plants |
| serine (Ser) concentration allocation pattern in C3 species Flaveria robusta |
is reversed compared to |
C4 species |
Flaveria robusta |
| branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) (valine (Val), leucine (Leu), and isoleucine (Ile)) and proline (Pro) |
were significantly higher in |
cold-treated and dehydration-treated plants compared with untreated plants |
Oryza sativa |
| proline accumulation |
affected by |
general mechanisms coordinating amino acid and nitrogen metabolism pathways |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| plant prokaryotic-type AATs |
displayed |
aspartate aminotransferase (AAT, ATAAT, MEE17, PAT, AT2G22250) activity |
|
| 11 groups of interactions |
are related to |
amino acid metabolism (27%), mETC/ATP synthesis (13%), signaling (11%), lipid metabolism (5%), nitrogen metabolism (3%), and stress (19%) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATGRX4, GRX4, GRXS15, AT3G15660) knockdown mutant |
showed decreased contents of |
Phe, Lys, Ser, β-Ala, Pro |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Thr concentrations under control conditions |
were significantly higher in |
transgenic plants than in wild-type plants |
Hordeum vulgare |
| different amino acid metabolic pathways |
have been well elucidated |
amino acid metabolic pathways |
|
| HFL2 rice line |
showed same phenomenon as |
HFL1 rice |
Oryza sativa |
| branched-chained amino acid aminotransferases |
not upregulated during |
developmental leaf senescence (DLS) |
Hordeum vulgare |
| peroxisomal processes |
include |
metabolism of the branched-chain amino acids |
|
| increased catabolic activity after (TOR, AT1G50030) repression |
leads to |
increased accumulation of amino acids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cluster 3 metabolites in individual leaf darkening (IDL) |
remain |
quite low |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| scion-stock allocation of Ser in interspecies grafts |
was rather |
C4-like |
Flaveria |
| pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase |
produces |
glutamate with concomitant generation of NADH |
Jatropha curcas |
| NI correlation analysis |
revealed |
two groups of amino acids that correlated strongly to each other |
|
| γ-zein deletion in hemizygous state |
increased |
lysine in Quality Protein Maize (QPM) |
Zea mays |
| aromatic amino acids (particularly tryptophan and phenylalanine) and glutamine levels |
are significantly lower in |
leaves of SlNAP2-KD and dKD plants |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| amino acid accumulation in DP leaves |
confirmed |
considerable accumulation of amino acids in DP, particularly those with high N:C ratio and Gln |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| peroxisomal β-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase |
is needed for |
valine catabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| branched chain amino acids (isoleucine and valine), glycine, serine, lysine, aspartate, and glutamate |
are downregulated in |
SlNAP2-OX plants |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| branched chain amino acids (isoleucine and valine), glycine, serine, lysine, aspartate, and glutamate |
are upregulated in |
SlNAP2-KD plants |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| two MAT mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
display opposite phenotypes to |
excess ethionine added in growth medium |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| (ATRAPTOR1B, RAPTOR1, RAPTOR1B, AT3G08850) lines |
show increased levels of |
aliphatic amino acids (Ala, Ile, Leu, (REM11, VAL, AT5G60140) ) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| altered sink/source relationships |
would naturally lead to |
accumulation of specific amino acid groups, likely compartmentalized in vacuoles |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| methylacrylyl–CoA |
is toxic, reacting rapidly with |
glutathione |
|
| In high nitrate, Glu/Asn levels |
remained higher in |
gin2-1 in contrast to Ler |
|
| glutathionylated proteins identified in vivo and in vitro in photosynthetic organisms |
participate in |
diverse biological processes such as photosynthesis, oxidative stress responses, protein folding, amino acid metabolism, ATP metabolism |
|
| Crocus sativus (ALDH5F1, ENF1, SSADH, SSADH1, AT1G79440) (CsALDH5F1) |
oxidizes |
succinic semialdehydes |
Crocus sativus |
| loss of function of OsERS1 |
may cause |
accumulation of free Glu not used for protein synthesis in anther |
Oryza sativa |
| osers1 mutant |
had increased levels of |
Glu family members including Gln, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), His, and Arg |
Oryza sativa |
| free Lys content in mature seeds of TDC3-overexpressed rice |
increased dramatically |
mature seeds |
Oryza sativa |
| mitochondria |
house |
amino acid biosynthesis |
|
| steady state levels of free amino acids (FAAs) |
may be driven by |
general cell metabolism |
|
| FADH |
is transferred to |
quinone acceptor |
Jatropha curcas |
| glutamate (Glu) |
is synthesized in |
plastids |
|
| threonine (Thr) |
is major fuel source for |
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) |
|
| amino acid metabolism |
is better understood through |
findings in HFL rice |
Oryza sativa |
| cluster 3 metabolites in entire plant darkening (DP) |
increase substantially throughout |
time course, reaching maximum levels at D6 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Asn (asparagine) in DP leaves |
represented |
40-fold accumulation compared with illuminated leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| NR-specific amino acid metabolism categories |
covers more |
biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and Asp family amino acids |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| opaque2 (o2) mutant |
shows increased |
lysine level |
Zea mays |
| (AtSAMS3, MAT4, MTO3, SAMS3, AT3G17390) mutant |
shows increased level of |
methionine (Met) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| osers1 mutant |
had increased levels of |
Leu, Ser, and Asp families derived from pyruvate, phosphoglycerate, and OAA |
Oryza sativa |
| γ-zein deletion |
further increased |
lysine in Quality Protein Maize (QPM) |
Zea mays |
| aromatic amino acids (particularly tryptophan and phenylalanine) and glutamine levels |
are greater in |
SlNAP2-OX plants |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| glycine |
were relatively quantified using |
GC–TOF–MS (gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry) |
|
| the Shahdara accession |
instead accumulates higher levels of |
Leu, Ile, and other amino acids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Plants silenced for both NbAsp5 and NbPAT |
showed |
concomitant increase in free glutamate levels (approximately 5-fold) |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| PATs |
are competent to function as |
PATs and AATs in petunia |
petunia |
| Cys and Gly |
require |
Ser for their synthesis |
|
| (AOX1A, ATAOX1A, AtHSR3, HSR3, AT3G22370) mutants |
display increased levels of |
isoleucine |
|
| N. benthamiana (AAT, ATAAT, MEE17, PAT, AT2G22250) gene family |
includes |
five genes encoding eukaryotic-type aspartate aminotransferases (NbAsp1–NbAsp5) |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in Haberlea rhodopensis leaves |
decreases |
in darkness |
Haberlea rhodopensis |
| O-acetyl-Ser (OAS) |
is a |
Ser derivative |
|
| thioredoxin (Trx) |
involved in |
amino acid metabolic pathway |
higher plants |
| serine |
were relatively quantified using |
GC–TOF–MS (gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry) |
|
| (AOX1A, ATAOX1A, AtHSR3, HSR3, AT3G22370) mutants treated with antimycin A |
show no significant changes in levels of |
valine |
|
| Thr |
has been suggested to have |
regulatory role within network of amino acid metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| amidase mutant |
showed decreased levels of |
amino acids (Phe, Ser, β-Ala, Gly, Glu) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| none of the mutants |
displayed significantly altered levels of |
total amino acids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Serine (Ser) in Haberlea rhodopensis leaves |
decreases in abundance |
following long-term darkness |
Haberlea rhodopensis |
| amino acid metabolism categories |
are affected in different aspects in |
NR-reverse and NR-specific data sets |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
| γ-aminobutyrate |
was found to have |
most pronounced bootstrapped value for PC3 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| VIGS |
resulted in |
altered amino acid profiles |
Nicotiana benthamiana |
| threonine (Thr) |
is major fuel source for |
acetyl-CoA |
|
| osers1 mutant |
had increased expression of |
genes encoding Glu dehydrogenase (GDH1, AT5G18170) |
Oryza sativa |
| loss of function of OsERS1 |
results in |
changes in amino acids and their derived metabolic pathways |
Oryza sativa |
| IDH4 transgenic line |
shows significantly reduced level of |
β-alanine |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| C- and S1-group AtbZIPs |
are involved in |
(AT-POX, ATPDH, ATPOX, ERD5, PDH1, PRO1, PRODH, AT3G30775) gene activation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| amino acid import or synthesis |
rate determines |
amino acid levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism |
undergo |
evolutionary protein relocations |
|
| loss of function of OsERS1 |
results in |
accumulation of free Glu |
Oryza sativa |
| almost all amino acids (apart from Asp, Gly, and Pro) |
were accumulated in |
entire plant darkening (DP) leaves |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C3/C4 grafted plants |
resemble |
C4/C4 homografts |
Flaveria robusta; Flaveria bidentis |
| ammonia provided by photorespiration or protein degradation |
could be metabolized by |
cytosolic glutamate dehydrogenase |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (IDH-I, IDH1, AT4G35260) transgenic line |
shows significantly reduced level of |
proline |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| transcriptional regulation |
requires |
further investigation |
|
| amino acids |
levels depend on |
relative rates of synthesis and utilization |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P35S:myc:PDX1.3 stunted plants |
show massive increase in |
glycine content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P35S:myc:PDX1.3 stunted plants |
show significantly increased |
ornithine content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| γ-Aminobutyrate high bootstrap value for PC3 |
might be attributed to |
pathways separating Nr mutant from tomato cv M82 |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| amidase |
is related to |
amino acid metabolism |
|
| (ATRAPTOR1B, RAPTOR1, RAPTOR1B, AT3G08850) |
up-regulates |
proteins involved in amino acid metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| gin2-1 mutant |
did not influence |
amino acid levels in response to (GLC, AT1G65450) |
|
| pyruvate and shikimate |
rescued NRT2.1 expression and increased levels of amino acids derived from them |
but did not lower Asp, Gln/His, and Glu/Asn levels |
|
| 526 signals |
140 of which received putative annotations revealing |
components involved in amino acid, organic acid, and sugar metabolism |
|
| C4/C3 grafts |
accumulated comparable amounts of |
Ser in scions and stocks |
Flaveria bidentis; Flaveria robusta |
| signals, transport processes, and mechanisms driving the interplay of shoot and root in Ser homeostasis |
remain to be elucidated |
|
Flaveria |
| red-light-regulated metabolites |
participate in |
cysteine metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| quadruple mutants with growth phenotype |
accumulate |
serine |
|
| sulfur |
is central element in |
methionine |
|
| Pre-treatment with Phe |
caused increase in |
Tryptophan (Trp) levels following infection |
Chrysanthemum morifolium |
| potato plants exhibiting overexpression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) |
display elevated |
glutamate:glutamine ratio |
Solanum tuberosum |
| aspartate and alanine amino transferase reactions |
are quantitatively important in |
amino acid metabolism |
|
| P35S:myc:PDX2 plants |
show reduced |
glutamine content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| K+ -modulated metabolites |
participate in |
amino acid metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| heterodimerization between GLDP proteins and InLYP1-mediated degradation of (AtGLDP2, GLDP2, AT2G26080) |
may together provide |
more physiological flexibility to fine-tune the rate of cellular glycine metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| C β -S lyase activity |
is involved in |
amino acid metabolism |
|
| ectopic (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) expression |
triggers |
glycine accumulation |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| P35S:myc:PDX lines |
show general increase in |
proline content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| IDH transgenic tomato plants |
show unaltered level of |
total amino acid levels in leaves |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| GDH (NAD) |
was assayed as described in |
Gibon et al. (2004) assay protocol |
|
| A9:u-ATP9 and AP3:u-ATP9 transgenic lines |
show increased expression of |
Bifunctional aspartate kinase/homoserine dehydrogenase (AK-HSDH, AK-HSDH II, AT4G19710) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| LOC_Os03g53650 |
involved in |
amino acid metabolism |
Oryza sativa |
| (IDH-I, IDH1, AT4G35260) transgenic line |
shows significantly increased level of |
tyramine |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| nutrient ion stresses |
lead to perturbations in |
composition of overall amino acid pool |
|
| phenylalanine (Phe) |
is |
aromatic amino acid |
|
| tyrosine (Tyr) |
is |
aromatic amino acid |
|
| re-illumination |
leads to simultaneous |
decrease in glutamate and aspartate |
|
| dominant product of lysine catabolic pathway |
is |
glutamate |
|
| AATs |
catalyze |
transamination of aspartate and α-ketoglutarate to glutamate and oxaloacetate |
|
| red-light-regulated metabolites |
participate in |
glutamate metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| hyperspectral sensors |
can predict |
free amino acid content |
|
| similar shifts |
were observed for |
amino acid metabolism |
|
| glycine |
shows increase of up to 65-fold in |
(PCK2, PEPCK, AT5G65690) mutant compared to wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| β-alanine |
was strongly increased in |
P35S:myc:PDX1.3 stunted plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| vitB6 |
has |
long-recognized role in metabolism |
|
| snp_06_7615114 |
associated with |
ornithine |
Oryza sativa |
| SAR-DEFICIENT4 (SARD4, AT5G52810) |
displays enzyme characteristics similar to |
CRYM |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| protein catabolism |
obtains |
amino acids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| red-light-regulated metabolites |
participate in |
aspartate metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| zero sulphate roots |
results in asparagine comprising |
85±2% of total free amino acids |
white clover |
| Two spots (6 and 86) |
were found to be similar to |
cysteine synthase |
Chinese fir |
| cysteine |
is first reduced by |
sulphur-containing compound |
|
| fructose, galactose, citric acid, and malic acid |
had negative correlations with |
serine, glutamic acid, threonine, and isoleucine |
|
| asparagine accumulation |
may be restricted to |
physiologically active subcellular compartments |
Medicago truncatula |
| biomass |
does not correlate with |
thiol contents |
|
| threonine synthase |
shows largest deviation of calculated in vivo catalytic rates and median reported plant-specific in vitro values |
kinetic parameters |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATB2, AtbZIP11, BZIP11, GBF6, AT4G34590) |
affects amino acids' metabolism by regulating expression of |
PROLINE DEHYDROGENASE2 (ProDH2) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| red-light-regulated metabolites |
participate in |
arginine metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glycine and glutamine |
showed |
dramatic change in abundance |
|
| 2-oxoglutarate provided by cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase |
could be metabolized by |
cytosolic glutamate dehydrogenase |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| (IDH-I, IDH1, AT4G35260) transgenic line |
shows significantly reduced level of |
β-alanine |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| group 2 quadruple mutants Q2;1, Q3;1, and Q3;2 |
display |
perturbed amino acid content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Arabidopsis (ATPAL1, PAL1, AT2G37040) and (ATPAL2, PAL2, AT3G53260) double mutant |
possesses increased |
tryptophan (Trp) levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transient decrease in sugars after single night |
leads to |
rapid and reversible decrease of all minor amino acids |
|
| upregulation of components involved in translation or protein folding |
appears to be contradictory to |
increased pool of amino acids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| transformation with AroG* |
results in |
overproduction of phenylalanine |
Arabidopsis thaliana; Solanum lycopersicum; Petunia hybrida |
| biomass |
correlates with |
changes in amino acid contents |
|
| P35S:myc:PDX2 plants |
show reduced |
arginine content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (ATPDX1, ATPDX1.3, PDX1, PDX1.3, RSR4, AT5G01410) overexpressor lines |
show unchanged or increased |
β-alanine content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sucrose |
provides carbon skeletons for |
glutamine biosynthesis |
|
| proline |
did not demonstrate |
strong correlation coefficients to other amino acids |
|
| many mutations |
could be expected to destroy |
enzymatic function of the protein |
|
| red-light-regulated metabolites |
participate in |
proline metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| CpAlaAT2 |
is orthologous to |
AtAlaAT2 |
Cucurbita pepo; Arabidopsis thaliana |
| (AtGLDP2, GLDP2, AT2G26080) |
plays |
overall negative role in degrading glycine |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| five gene categories containing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 'Amino acid synthesis' section of the mapman database |
were significantly lower at |
71 days after sprouting (71 DAS) than at 80 days after sprouting (80 DAS) in the lateral root (LR) |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| both (ACS, AT5G36880) homologs in the moss Physcomitrella patens |
exhibit |
C β -S lyase activity |
Physcomitrella patens |
| aspartic acid |
is |
UP9-dependent up-regulated metabolite during S-deficit |
|
| aspartate and alanine |
accumulate to high levels in |
leaves |
|
| P35S:myc:PDX2 plants |
show reduced |
β-alanine content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| PLP-dependent l-amino acid decarboxylases |
have been shown to exhibit |
distinct substrate and mechanistic selectivity |
|
| mur9-1 mutant and eto1-1 mutant |
show dramatic increases in |
γ-aminobutyric acid |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| changes of several amino acids in IDH mutant |
have been published for |
mutant of amidase interactor IDH |
|
| (AOX1A, ATAOX1A, AtHSR3, HSR3, AT3G22370) mutants treated with antimycin A |
display significant relative increase in |
γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) |
|
| phenylalanine |
shows high levels at |
26 days after anthesis (DAA) |
Triticum aestivum |
| amino acid metabolism proteins |
are upregulated at |
26 days after anthesis (DAA) |
Triticum aestivum |
| disturbance of mineral nutrient metabolism |
leads to alterations of |
amino acid pools |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE2 (AAT2, ASP2, AT5G19550) |
encodes |
cytosolically targeted Aspartate Aminotransferase (AAT, ATAAT, MEE17, PAT, AT2G22250) enzyme |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| red-light-regulated metabolites |
participate in |
amino acid metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| proteomic data |
showed increase in |
several amino acid biosynthetic proteins |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| increase in seed FAA levels |
may have originated from |
amino acid synthesis |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Os03g38540 |
is probably encoding |
amino acid transferase |
Oryza sativa |
| ZmAlaAT1 gene |
is involved in |
Ala (alanine) metabolism |
Zea mays |
| two regulatory ACT domains |
have also been found in |
other enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Q3;1 mutant |
shows overall increase in |
amino acid concentrations |
|
| sucrose addition to C-starved seedlings |
decreases levels of |
minor amino acids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| GmSPX5 overexpression |
does not significantly affect |
amino acid concentrations in nodules |
Glycine max |
| aminomethyltransferase |
is highly abundant at |
26 days after anthesis (DAA) |
Triticum aestivum |
| water deficit (PEG) |
increases |
proline content |
Medicago truncatula |
| asparagine accumulation |
may be restricted to |
mitochondria |
Medicago truncatula |
| drought |
causes decrease in |
glutamic acid (Glu) levels |
|
| cysteine level |
was similar in |
all plant lines tested |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| methylglyoxal (MG) |
is formed by |
oxidation of aminoacetone during threonine biosynthesis |
|
| BCAAs |
following initial increase at D1 decreased in abundance at D2 and later increased again at |
R1 |
Craterostigma plantagineum |
| IDH4 transgenic line |
shows significantly reduced level of |
proline |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| full nitrate starvation |
leads to general decrease in |
amino acids |
|
| amino acid transferase |
is upregulated at |
26 days after anthesis (DAA) |
Triticum aestivum |
| glycine |
levels are higher in |
SUL under drought stress than under well-watered conditions |
Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum |
| alanine aminotransferase |
catalyses |
transamination reactions |
|
| synthesis of amino acids in the lateral root (LR) |
was gradually inhibited |
throughout the growing season |
Aconitum kusnezoffii |
| genes in cluster CBS |
were enriched in |
amino acid metabolism |
Oryza sativa |
| drought |
increases levels of |
pyroglutamate |
|
| tyrosine |
shows high levels at |
26 days after anthesis (DAA) |
Triticum aestivum |
| azidohomoalanine (Aha) |
induces |
methionine metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| serine contents |
positive correlation observed for |
transcript level of phosphoserine phosphatase 1 |
Craterostigma plantagineum |
| Q2;1 mutant |
shows overall increase in |
amino acid concentrations |
|
| quadruple mutants with growth phenotype |
accumulate |
glycine |
|
| (ATB2, AtbZIP11, BZIP11, GBF6, AT4G34590) |
affects amino acids' metabolism by regulating expression of |
ASPARAGINE SYNTHETASE1 (ASN1, AT-ASN1, DIN6, AT3G47340) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glutamate |
is increased in |
P35S:myc:PDX1.3 stunted plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| A9:u-ATP9 and AP3:u-ATP9 transgenic lines |
show increased expression of |
Serine O-acetyltransferase (ATSERAT3;2, SERAT3;2, AT4G35640) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| aspartate, asparagine, glutamate, and glutamine |
are typically the most abundant in plants |
plants |
|
| isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine |
demonstrated strong negative correlations to |
proline and aspartate |
|
| down-regulated genes in (PXY, TDR, AT5G61480) mutant |
are related to |
amino acid transport and metabolism |
Oryza sativa |
| Sullu cultivar |
accumulates higher levels of |
proline |
|
| tryptophan and phenylalanine |
increased further when desiccated and remained elevated during rehydration |
|
Craterostigma plantagineum |
| zero sulphate treatment |
results in 4-times higher |
amino acid concentration in roots |
white clover |
| tyrosine |
is |
amino acid |
Brunfelsia |
| pavement cells |
seemed to accumulate |
amino acids to higher extent |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (ALDH12A1, ATP5CDH, P5CDH, AT5G62530) |
was down-regulated |
berry flesh at véraison |
Vitis vinifera |
| proline, tryptophan, and methionine degradation enzyme genes |
were down-regulated in |
SS2613 |
|
| Pro (proline) content |
is much higher in |
line F2 compared with lines (B73, CHL6, CNX, CNX1, SIR4, AT5G20990) and Io |
Zea mays |
| ZmAspAT1.2 gene |
is involved in |
Asp (aspartate) metabolism |
Zea mays |
| 2-oxoglutarate |
can be produced from |
amino acid transamination |
|
| above-mentioned metabolites |
displayed significantly increased levels in |
trichomes and pavement cells |
|
| N -methyl- L -proline (MP) |
showed significant increases in |
leaves of both clones in response to drought treatment |
|
| asparagine 3 |
is higher in |
upper section of the internode |
Helianthus annuus |
| SUL |
maintains |
more balanced composition of amino acids |
Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum |
| –S plants |
showed elevated levels of |
Asn (asparagine) |
|
| sugar starvation |
leads to |
increased levels of Asn |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| amino acids |
are strongly intercorrelated |
network module |
|
| S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthase |
catalyses |
attachment of an adenosyl residue to methionine |
|
| plastids |
are involved in |
amino acid biosynthesis |
|
| five asparagine synthetase-related genes |
showed |
>3-fold increases in transcription |
Glycine max |
| leucine |
is highly accumulated at |
26 days after anthesis (DAA) |
Triticum aestivum |
| Met |
is involved in |
numerous biochemical processes |
|
| integrative analysis of transcriptome, proteome and metabolite data |
was performed with emphasis on |
amino acid metabolism |
Craterostigma plantagineum |
| maize roots |
have been used to uncover differences in spatial localization of |
free amino acids in different maize genotypes |
Zea mays |
| amino acid degradation-related gene expression |
was more strongly repressed in |
Sullu than in SS2613 |
|
| glutamate |
is product and substrate for |
glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) |
|
| cysteine (Cys) |
is used as sulphur donor for |
methionine synthesis |
|
| ZmGln1-4 gene |
is involved in |
Gln (glutamine) metabolism |
Zea mays |
| HPLC coupled with fluorescence detection |
was used to investigate |
changes of main amino acid components during development of strawberry fruits |
|
| water deficit (PEG) |
increases |
asparagine content |
Medicago truncatula |
| (ADT4, AT3G44720) (arogenate dehydratase 4) |
is |
gene regulated by both nNOS transgene and NO donor (SNP) treatment |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| heating in Experiment 3 |
resulted in increases in relative concentrations of |
glutamate |
|
| asparagine synthetase (AS) |
mediates |
asparagine biosynthesis |
|
| LAO1 and LAO2 (periplasmic L-amino acid oxidases) |
catalyse |
deamination of all L-amino acids |
Chlamydomonas |
| methionine |
peaks at |
12 days after anthesis (DAA) |
Triticum aestivum |
| tryptophan decarboxylase |
is |
PLP-dependent enzyme |
|
| glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) |
main role is thought to |
recycle glutamate |
|
| exogenous ABA |
triggers increase in |
content of total free amino acids |
Medicago truncatula |
| isoleucine |
is synthesized from |
threonine by threonine deaminase |
|
| NaTD (threonine deaminase) transcript levels in control plants |
were somewhat higher in |
NaGSNOR-VIGS plants compared with those in EV plants |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| pyruvate,orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK, AT4G15530) |
functions in pathway that generates |
phloem transported amino acid glutamine |
|
| threonine deaminase (NaTD) |
converts |
Thr to Ile |
Nicotiana attenuata |
| total free amino acids in gapcp1gapcp2 |
increased as compared with |
control plants |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genetic manipulation |
can increase |
transcript abundance for genes encoding aspartate amino transferase (AspAT) |
Zea mays |
| SlAREB1 |
most probably regulates expression of |
enzyme-encoding genes involved in primary amino acid metabolic pathways |
|
| folates |
play a central role in |
biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids |
|
| Ser |
was highly accumulated in response to |
fluoranthene and tebuconazole |
Lolium perenne |
| transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing P5CS |
were shown to have |
increased proline production |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| ZmAspAT1.2 transcript |
is higher in |
line (B73, CHL6, CNX, CNX1, SIR4, AT5G20990) compared with the other two lines |
Zea mays |
| ZmAlaAT2 mRNA |
is higher in |
line Io |
Zea mays |
| changes in proline content |
were not significant in |
SS2613 |
|
| breeding |
can increase |
transcript abundance for genes encoding alanine amino transferase (AlaAT) |
Zea mays |
| GDH activity and ZmAspAT2.1, ZmAspAT1.2, and ZmAlaAT1 mRNAs |
belong to cluster containing |
traits related to yield in line (B73, CHL6, CNX, CNX1, SIR4, AT5G20990) |
Zea mays |
| turnover of excess free amino acid |
causes |
smaller free amino acid pools in mature seeds |
|
| amino acids identified |
were evidently more highly abundant in |
pavement cells |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| ornithine |
also increased in response to |
drought |
|
| phenylalanine |
is |
amino acid |
Brunfelsia |
| proline degradation |
remained unchanged in |
Sullu |
|
| Regent |
presents constitutive accumulation of |
alanine |
Vitis vinifera |
| alanine aminotransferase 2 (ALAAT2, AT1G72330) |
has a role in |
alanine metabolism |
|
| ZmAlaAT1 mRNA |
is higher in |
line (B73, CHL6, CNX, CNX1, SIR4, AT5G20990) compared with the two other lines |
Zea mays |
| galactose |
had negative correlations with |
glycine, histidine, arginine, and methionine |
|
| cytosolic and chloroplastic isoforms of glutamine synthetase ( (GPP2, GS1, AT5G57440) and (ATGSL1, GLN2, GS2, AT5G35630) ) |
cooperate with |
glutamate synthase (GOGAT) |
|
| severe S limitation |
can result in up to 30 times more |
Asn accumulation in the grain |
|
| glutamine |
is |
amino acid metabolite |
Vitis vinifera |
| valine |
is |
amino acid metabolite |
Vitis vinifera |
| GABAT1-1 knockout mutant |
possesses |
increased leaf glutamine concentration |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Glu and glutamine (GLN) |
usually are |
principal amino acids present in foliar tissue |
|
| alanine |
was present at lower levels of |
-5-fold in salt-treated Clipper leaves after 5 weeks |
Hordeum vulgare |
| accumulation of phenylalanine at the expense of glutamine |
suggests |
change in resource partitioning among the free amino acid pool |
Eucalyptus globulus |
| asparagine concentration in xylem sap and nodules |
showed significant shifts between |
vegetative growth and pod formation stages |
|
| combination of higher Km and increased feedback sensitivity |
may cause |
temporal impaired synthesis of branched chain amino acids during active plant growth |
Lolium rigidum |
| alanine accumulation in diseased leaves |
may result from |
availability of GABA and pyruvic acid |
Vitis vinifera |
| tobacco leaves supplied with 30 mM glutamine |
exhibits elevated |
glutamate content |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| ABA (10 μM) treatment |
transiently increases |
asparagine content |
Medicago truncatula |
| serine supply |
could be related to changes in |
amino acid pools |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| water deficit (PEG) |
increases |
alanine content |
Medicago truncatula |
| drought treatment |
decreased |
glutamic acid content in nodules |
Medicago sativa |
| branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) |
are |
essential amino acids for food and feed |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| leguminous hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) (HV) mulch |
significantly stimulates accumulation of |
asparagine |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| glutamate |
is higher in |
upper section of the internode |
Helianthus annuus |
| Each arrow in Fig. 6 |
represents |
a single enzymatic step |
Triticum aestivum |
| COR (coronatine) |
induces changes in |
amino acid content |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| increase in proline and proline analogues |
was linked to |
up-regulation of P5CS and down-regulation of proline dehydrogenase on day 28 after drought |
|
| ZmAspAT1.2 transcript |
is more marked in |
kernels than in the (COB, ATMG00220) |
Zea mays |
| AspAT1.3 mRNA |
is involved in |
Asp (aspartate) metabolism |
Zea mays |
| glutamate |
is regenerated as by-product of |
asparagine synthesis |
Medicago truncatula |
| glutamate degradation |
is catalysed by |
GDH-deaminating activity |
Medicago truncatula |
| synthesis of alanine |
may occur at the expense of |
amino acids glutamate and aspartate |
|
| specialized response of amino acid biosynthesis during senescence |
is distinct from |
response under abiotic stress |
|
| Atscp2-1 seedlings |
show increased levels of |
serine and glycine |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Atscp2-1 seedlings |
show decreased levels of |
β-alanine |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| sugar starvation |
probably due to increase in expression of |
Asn synthase |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| crude cell-free extracts of Arabidopsis leaves |
contain |
glyoxylate-dependent (GABA-T, HER1, POP2, AT3G22200) activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| elevated GABA levels in GABAT1-1 knockout mutant |
provides evidence for |
inability of (GABA-T, HER1, POP2, AT3G22200) knockout plants to catabolize GABA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| β-Alanine and proline |
showed biggest increases of |
20-fold and 117-fold respectively in Clipper roots after 3 weeks of salt exposure |
Hordeum vulgare |
| heat stress (HS) |
affects |
genes/gene families related to amino acid metabolism |
|
| asparagine synthetase |
catalyzes the transfer of the glutamine amide group to aspartate, and thus produces |
asparagine and glutamate |
|
| amino acid profiles of developing endosperm |
were very similar to |
those of mature endosperm |
Zea mays |
| nitrogen absorption into the berries |
is parallel with |
concentration of total free amino acids increase |
|
| primary metabolism sequences |
are distributed among |
amino acid metabolism |
Picea glauca |
| asparaginase (NSE) |
catalyzes hydrolysis of |
asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonium |
|
| synthesis of glutamate semialdehyde (GSA) from ornithine by ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (OAT) |
has conflicting data about the quantitative implication of |
in response to abiotic stress |
|
| NaHS treatment |
increases |
cysteine content |
Spinacia oleracea |
| glutamate |
is product of ammonia assimilation through reaction catalysed by |
glutamine synthetase (GS) |
|
| free proline |
is accumulated at high concentration in |
grape berries during ripening |
Vitis vinifera |
| proline and trigonelline contents |
were also increased in |
Sullu |
|
| free amino acids |
increased significantly in |
over-ripening stage |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| slight decrease in tyrosine and slight increase in phenylalanine in arodh-1 mutant leaf tissue |
suggests |
AroDH-1 has some leaf function |
Zea mays |
| mitochondrial activity in SUL |
is directed towards provision of |
carbon skeletons for amino acid biosynthesis |
Solanum tuberosum |
| hda101 down-regulation (AS33 line) |
causes reduction in level of |
asparagine |
Zea mays |
| Gly-Gly incubation for 4 h |
caused 46-fold increase in |
glycine in roots |
Hakea actites |
| other proline analogues |
also increased in |
Sullu |
|
| proline content |
significantly increased upon drought stress in |
cultivar Sullu |
|
| ZmAspAT2.1 mRNA |
is higher in |
line (B73, CHL6, CNX, CNX1, SIR4, AT5G20990) compared with the two other lines |
Zea mays |
| GS1a transgenic poplar leaves |
exhibits significantly enhanced |
glutamate content |
Populus trichocarpa |
| poplar GS1a transgenics |
display significantly enhanced |
glutamate levels in leaves |
Populus sp. |
| 18 individual free amino acids |
increased over time |
time |
|
| extended nitrogen starvation |
caused later decrease in |
glutamate, glutamine, tryptophan, and tyrosine concentrations |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| cluster B |
consisted of |
aromatic amino acids (Tyr and Phe) |
Lolium perenne |
| drought treatment |
decreased |
glutamic acid content in leaves |
Medicago sativa |
| drought treatment |
did not significantly affect |
serine content in nodules |
Medicago sativa |
| hda101 up-regulation (OE1 line) |
causes notable accumulation of |
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
Zea mays |
| most amino acid pools in stressed Arabidopsis thaliana |
were shown to be regulated by |
transcription of catabolic enzymes, with biosynthetic enzymes remaining largely unresponsive |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glutamine |
helps plant cell to recycle |
ammonia ions liberated from phenylalanine through action of PAL |
|
| Asn synthase |
catalyzes formation of |
Asn through transfer of amide group from Gln to Asp |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genotype |
affects |
aspartate content |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| asparagine and homoserine |
were at lower levels of |
-9-fold and -25-fold respectively in Clipper roots after 5 weeks of salt stress |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (AGT, AGT1, SGAT, AT2G13360) and GGAT overexpression |
increases |
enzyme activities |
|
| leguminous hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) (HV) mulch |
significantly stimulates accumulation of |
glutamine |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| aspartic acid |
levels decline to non-detectable in |
both lines under drought conditions |
Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum |
| free amino acids in grain |
showed ∼3-fold reductions by 14 dpa |
amino acid content |
|
| Gly-Gly incubation for 15 h |
caused 25-fold increase in |
glycine in roots |
Hakea actites |
| INO-rolB-transformed fruits |
had higher concentrations of |
serine, β-alanine, and asparagine |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| phenylalanine increase in arodh-1 |
may also reflect |
a general increase of all free amino acids except tyrosine in arodh-1 |
Zea mays |
| arodh-1 mutant |
displays |
slight decrease in tyrosine in leaf tissue |
Zea mays |
| increase in amino acid levels in mutants |
is due to |
loss of gene function |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| pgl3-1 mutant shoots |
show significantly lower total abundance of |
amino acids |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| low R/FR ratio |
increases |
levels of pyroglutamate in the lower section |
Helianthus annuus |
| parasite's xylem sap containing significantly more glutamine, alanine, valine, and γ-aminobutyric acid |
compared with |
that of its host |
Rhinanthus minor; Vicia faba |
| Pro (proline) |
was the exception to |
general pattern of amino acid regulation under abiotic stress |
|
| threonine |
is |
amino acid metabolite |
Vitis vinifera |
| free amino acid pool in developing soybean seeds |
contains asparagine at |
33% to 49% |
Glycine max |
| amino acids in Clipper leaves after 3 weeks of salt stress |
were at 2-65-fold higher concentrations in |
salt-treated Clipper leaves |
Hordeum vulgare |
| β-alanine, asparagine, aspartate, GABA, glutamte, glutamine, glycine, homoserine, proline, putrescine, serine, threonine, and valine |
were at 2-65-fold higher concentrations in |
salt-treated Clipper leaves |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (AGT, AGT1, SGAT, AT2G13360) |
catalyses |
conversion of glyoxylate into glycine |
|
| elevated [CO2] |
decreased |
amino acid content in leaves |
|
| high functional connectivity within pathways of amino acid metabolism |
is supported by |
changes in metabolites in transgenic lines |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| modifications in transcript abundance of genes involved in amino acid metabolism |
are limited in |
Arabidopsis roots |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| arginine (Arg) |
concentration increases significantly in response to |
13 d water cycle |
Theobroma cacao |
| hypoxic stress |
increased |
ammonium incorporation into alanine |
Medicago truncatula |
| energy formed by malate-Asp shuttle |
might be necessary for |
amino acid metabolism in Hoya carnosa |
Hoya carnosa |
| methionine |
is |
amino acid metabolite |
Vitis vinifera |
| alanine (Ala) |
concentration increases in |
DIS 219b-colonized seedlings compared with non-colonized seedlings |
Theobroma cacao |
| inducible Ala aminotransferase |
degrades |
alanine (Ala) |
|
| hda101 down-regulation (AS33 line) |
causes reduction in level of |
valine |
Zea mays |
| alanine aminotransferase |
catalyses reversible transfer of amino group from |
glutamate to pyruvate |
|
| cysteine synthase and isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase |
are associated with |
amino acid metabolism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AK107064 |
is probably encoding |
amino acid transferase |
Oryza sativa |
| hypoxic stress |
resulted in up-regulation of |
mitochondrial alanine aminotransferase (mAlaAT) gene expression |
Medicago truncatula |
| Atscp2-1 seedlings |
show decreased levels of |
aspartate |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Atscp2-1 seedlings |
had decreased levels of |
Asp, Glu, and Gln |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 19 amino acids |
remained constant in |
soluble pool of root tissue over incubation period |
Hakea actites |
| methionine synthesized simultaneously with cysteine |
about 20% incorporated into |
proteins |
|
| glutamate (Glu) and arginine (Arg) |
can function as |
Pro precursors |
|
| (AT-POX, ATPDH, ATPOX, ERD5, PDH1, PRO1, PRODH, AT3G30775) /proline oxidase |
shows opposite fold change in |
sucrose-inducible gene expression |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| protein degradation |
was unlikely to drive |
changes in amino acid pools |
|
| changes in Asn and BCAA metabolism |
were |
important features of the chemical stress responses |
Lolium perenne |
| arginine |
occurs in |
soluble form |
|
| cysteine |
is at low level in |
(ATPUMP1, ATUCP1, PUMP1, UCP, UCP1, AT3G54110) mutant compared with wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| genes associated with amino acid metabolism |
showed statistical differences for |
(GPP2, GS1, AT5G57440) (GLT1, AT5G53460) (AS1, ATMYB91, ATPHAN, LL2, MYB91, AT2G37630) AK, TS, TD, TSB, AROD, and PAL |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| heating in Experiment 3 |
resulted in increases in relative concentrations of |
threonine |
|
| cluster B metabolites |
increased in the leaf across |
all chemical stressors in at least one exposure condition |
Lolium perenne |
| genes involved in catabolism |
include |
genes involved in amino acid catabolism |
|
| up-regulated genes |
are mostly associated with |
amino acid metabolism |
Solanum chacoense |
| reduction of tyrosine in the protein-bound endosperm fraction of arodh-1 |
is |
only minor |
Zea mays |
| (AOAT1, GGAT1, GGT1, AT1G23310) gene |
encodes |
alanine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase 1 |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AK expression |
was significantly up-regulated in |
SlAREB1 overexpression lines |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| Overexpression of SlCDF3 in Arabidopsis |
significantly induced the accumulation of |
L-proline |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| heating in Experiment 3 |
resulted in increases in relative concentrations of |
aspartate |
|
| alanine |
accumulated as |
major amino acid instead of asparagine |
Medicago truncatula |
| glutamic acid |
is not detectable in |
NOJ under drought conditions |
Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum |
| At (GABA-T, HER1, POP2, AT3G22200) |
utilizes |
GABA |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| alanine, asparagine, homoserine, isoleucine, leucine, putrescine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine |
were present at -2 to -10-fold lower levels in |
Clipper roots after 24 hours salt stress |
Hordeum vulgare |
| mto140 / arodh-1 seeds |
shows elevated |
lysine phenotype |
Zea mays |
| tyrosine and phenylalanine in developing endosperm |
were reduced to a greater extent than in |
mature endosperm |
Zea mays |
| o5 and o9 |
both showed |
an even more pronounced general increase in leaf free amino acids |
Zea mays |
| total amino acid content |
typically decreases when |
N is limiting |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| strong decrease in pyruvate levels |
could contribute to |
large decrease in alanine during light period |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 3h of N resupply |
causes significant increases in |
amino acids β-alanine, glycine, serine, homoserine, cysteine, valine, and acetylserine |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glutamine abundance |
increased in |
the overexpressing lines compared with the WT |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| specific effects of chemical stressors |
occur in association with |
trans-regulation of global amino acid metabolism |
Lolium perenne |
| Asn |
was positively correlated with |
Ser |
Lolium perenne |
| reversible transfer of amino group from glutamate to pyruvate |
forms |
2-oxoglutarate and alanine |
|
| leucine (Leu) |
concentration increases significantly in response to |
13 d water cycle |
Theobroma cacao |
| amino acids in Clipper roots after 24 hours salt stress |
showed decreases in levels of |
most amino acids |
Hordeum vulgare |
| glutamate and glutamine |
can be converted to |
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) |
Hordeum vulgare |
| volatile organic compounds (VOCs) |
primarily consist of |
amino acid derivatives |
|
| Asn (asparagine) content |
is higher in |
line Io |
Zea mays |
| tryptophan |
is |
amino acid |
Brunfelsia |
| short-term exposure to high level of Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) |
increases |
cysteine content in shoot |
Brassica oleracea |
| free amino acids |
decreased gradually before |
red-ripening stage |
Fragaria × ananassa |
| changes in amino acid pattern |
were more similar between |
(UMAMIT11, AT2G40900) and 14, both clade III UmamiTs |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| tryptophan |
is |
(TRP, AT3G56390) |
|
| total amino acid content |
does not increase in response to |
DIS 219b colonization |
Theobroma cacao |
| β-alanine, alanine, GABA, glycine, proline, and putrescine |
were all above those of |
control plants by 3 weeks of salt exposure in Clipper roots |
Hordeum vulgare |
| amino acids |
show differences in |
transgenic parthenocarpic fruits |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| synthesis of alanine |
occurs concomitantly with |
accumulation of 4-aminobutyrate or GABA |
|
| all plant tissues limited in protein synthesis when grown in adequate N supply |
accumulate |
Asn |
|
| COR (coronatine) |
decreases |
aspartate |
Nicotiana tabacum |
| GABA |
was at 43-fold level in |
salt-treated Clipper leaves after 5 weeks |
Hordeum vulgare |
| (THA1, AT1G08630) mutant |
has |
50% decrease in Gly content |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| down-regulated genes |
are overrepresented in |
amino acid synthesis pathway |
Rorippa amphibia; Rorippa sylvestris |
| shaded Posidonia australis leaves exposed to 1 and 2 wk of simulated MHW (+5.5°C; T3, T4) and to 1 wk of 'MHW recovery' at +1.5°C (T5) |
clustered together and were correlated with |
L-aspartate |
Posidonia australis |
| phenylalanine, glutamic acid, methionine and asparagine |
were all significantly higher in |
leaves receiving both Shade and Combined treatments relative to Control plants |
Posidonia australis |
| genes related to cell wall function, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and protein translation |
are activated in |
both micropylar and chalazal endosperm (MCE) and radicle (RAD) |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| heating during marine heatwave under future warming conditions |
caused increase in |
L-valine |
Posidonia australis |
| free amino acid content |
changed gradually |
resting cell formation |
Thalassiosira pseudonana |
| SlAREB1 overexpression lines |
accumulated greater amounts of |
amino acids from glutamate family |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| threonine (Thr) |
is |
amino acid that cannot be synthesized de novo by monogastric animals |
|
| pathways of amino acid metabolism |
are displayed in |
major pathway groups |
Triticum aestivum |
| methylglyoxal |
is |
breakdown product of threonine and acetone |
|
| sulfide treatment enhancement of Gly : Ser ratio |
reaches |
even higher ratio than plants with active photorespiration |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| large increase in alanine at R6 for all events including WT |
was followed by |
drop in WT alanine levels beginning at R7 |
Glycine max |
| several pyruvate-derived amino acids (l-alanine, l-isoleucine, l-valine) |
accumulated in |
leaves of tropical Halophila uninervis exposed to both Shade and Combined treatments at T4 |
Halophila uninervis |
| OsMPS over-expression line OE6–2 |
accumulates significantly higher levels of |
Phe |
Oryza sativa |
| OsMPS over-expression line OE6–2 |
accumulates significantly higher levels of |
Thr |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATPUMP1, ATUCP1, PUMP1, UCP, UCP1, AT3G54110) and (AOX1A, ATAOX1A, AtHSR3, HSR3, AT3G22370) mutants |
show significant increase in |
asparagine levels |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| OsMPS knockdown line KD4–5 |
shows down-regulated levels of |
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
Oryza sativa |
| Ser |
is substrate for synthesis of |
glutathione |
Pisum sativum |
| proline |
is the main free amino acid in |
pollen of several species |
|
| enhanced cysteine biosynthesis in pOsGPX1::astol1 transgenic plants |
may increase |
biosynthesis of methionine |
Oryza sativa |
| (ATPUMP1, ATUCP1, PUMP1, UCP, UCP1, AT3G54110) mutant Arabidopsis thaliana under 1000 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 saturating irradiance |
has significantly decreased |
glycine content compared with wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glutamine/glutamate ratio |
was not altered in |
present study |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| heating in Experiment 3 |
resulted in increases in relative concentrations of |
leucine |
|
| (AtBCAT7, BCAT7, AT1G50090) expression |
was down-regulated in |
SlAREB1 overexpression lines at red ripe stage |
Solanum lycopersicum |
| asparagine |
is synthesized by transfer of amide group from |
glutamine |
|
| germinated wild-type pollen |
differs from |
germinating (ATPROT1, PROT1, AT2G39890) pollen |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| glutamic acid |
levels are higher in |
SUL under drought stress than under well-watered conditions |
Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum |
| elevated Gly levels in mls-2 seedlings |
is, to some extent, related to |
increased (THA1, AT1G08630) activity |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| attachment of an adenosyl residue to methionine |
results in |
formation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) |
|
| (ATPUMP1, ATUCP1, PUMP1, UCP, UCP1, AT3G54110) mutant Arabidopsis thaliana under 1000 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 saturating irradiance |
has similar |
cysteine content compared with wild-type |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 22% increase in lysine in developing arodh-1 endosperm |
was less pronounced than in |
mature endosperm |
Zea mays |